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pitch</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pitch"> <meta name="keywords" content="pitch"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pitch"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 196</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pitch</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Hybrid GA-PSO Based Pitch Controller Design for Aircraft Control System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaibhav%20Singh%20%20Rajput">Vaibhav Singh Rajput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Kumar%20Jatoth"> Ravi Kumar Jatoth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagu%20Bhookya"> Nagu Bhookya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhasker%20Boda"> Bhasker Boda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller is used to control the pitch angle of the aircraft when the elevation angle is changed or modified. The pitch angle is dependent on elevation angle; a change in one corresponds to a change in the other. The PID controller helps in restricted change of pitch rate in response to the elevation angle. The PID controller is dependent on different parameters like Kp, Ki, Kd which change the pitch rate as they change. Various methodologies are used for changing those parameters for getting a perfect time response pitch angle, as desired or wished by a concerned person. While reckoning the values of those parameters, trial and guessing may prove to be futile in order to provide comfort to passengers. So, using some metaheuristic techniques can be useful in handling these errors. Hybrid GA-PSO is one such powerful algorithm which can improve transient and steady state response and can give us more reliable results for PID gain scheduling problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20rate" title="pitch rate">pitch rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevation%20angle" title=" elevation angle"> elevation angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20controller" title=" PID controller"> PID controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phugoid" title=" phugoid"> phugoid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64457/hybrid-ga-pso-based-pitch-controller-design-for-aircraft-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Improved Pitch Detection Using Fourier Approximation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balachandra%20Kumaraswamy">Balachandra Kumaraswamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20G.%20Poonacha"> P. G. Poonacha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automatic Music Information Retrieval has been one of the challenging topics of research for a few decades now with several interesting approaches reported in the literature. In this paper we have developed a pitch extraction method based on a finite Fourier series approximation to the given window of samples. We then estimate pitch as the fundamental period of the finite Fourier series approximation to the given window of samples. This method uses analysis of the strength of harmonics present in the signal to reduce octave as well as harmonic errors. The performance of our method is compared with three best known methods for pitch extraction, namely, Yin, Windowed Special Normalization of the Auto-Correlation Function and Harmonic Product Spectrum methods of pitch extraction. Our study with artificially created signals as well as music files show that Fourier Approximation method gives much better estimate of pitch with less octave and harmonic errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch" title="pitch">pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourier%20series" title=" fourier series"> fourier series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yin" title=" yin"> yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalization%20of%20the%20auto-%20correlation%20function" title=" normalization of the auto- correlation function"> normalization of the auto- correlation function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20product" title=" harmonic product"> harmonic product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20square%20error" title=" mean square error"> mean square error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36472/improved-pitch-detection-using-fourier-approximation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Statistical Modeling of Mandarin Tone Sandhi: Neutralization of Underlying Pitch Targets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%20Chen">Si Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Wiltshire"> Caroline Wiltshire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Li"> Bin Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study statistically models the surface f0 contour and the underlying pitch target of a well-studied third sandhi tone of Mandarin Chinese. Although the growth curve analysis on the surface f0 contours indicates non-neutralization of this sandhi tone (T3) and the base T2, their underlying pitch targets do show neutralization. These results in Mandarin are also consistent with the perception of native speakers, where they cannot distinguish the third T3 from the base T2, compensating contextual variation. It is possible to use the proposed statistical procedure of testing underlying pitch targets to verify tone sandhi processes in other tonal languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20curve%20analysis" title="growth curve analysis">growth curve analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandarin%20Chinese" title=" Mandarin Chinese"> Mandarin Chinese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tone%20sandhi" title=" tone sandhi"> tone sandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underlying%20pitch%20target" title=" underlying pitch target"> underlying pitch target</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55068/statistical-modeling-of-mandarin-tone-sandhi-neutralization-of-underlying-pitch-targets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> A Cross-Gender Statistical Analysis of Tuvinian Intonation Features in Comparison With Uzbek and Azerbaijani</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Beziakina">Daria Beziakina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Bulgakova"> Elena Bulgakova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with cross-gender and cross-linguistic comparison of pitch characteristics for Tuvinian with two other Turkic languages - Uzbek and Azerbaijani, based on the results of statistical analysis of pitch parameter values and intonation patterns used by male and female speakers. The main goal of our work is to obtain the ranges of pitch parameter values typical for Tuvinian speakers for the purpose of automatic language identification. We also propose a cross-gender analysis of declarative intonation in the poorly studied Tuvinian language. The ranges of pitch parameter values were obtained by means of specially developed software that deals with the distribution of pitch values and allows us to obtain statistical language-specific pitch intervals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20analysis" title="speech analysis">speech analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speaker%20recognition" title=" speaker recognition"> speaker recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification%20of%20person" title=" identification of person"> identification of person</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8047/a-cross-gender-statistical-analysis-of-tuvinian-intonation-features-in-comparison-with-uzbek-and-azerbaijani" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Advancing in Cricket Analytics: Novel Approaches for Pitch and Ball Detection Employing OpenCV and YOLOV8</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratham%20Madnur">Pratham Madnur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prathamkumar%20Shetty"> Prathamkumar Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sneha%20Varur"> Sneha Varur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gouri%20Parashetti"> Gouri Parashetti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to overcome conventional obstacles, this research paper investigates novel approaches for cricket pitch and ball detection that make use of cutting-edge technologies. The research integrates OpenCV for pitch inspection and modifies the YOLOv8 model for cricket ball detection in order to overcome the shortcomings of manual pitch assessment and traditional ball detection techniques. To ensure flexibility in a range of pitch environments, the pitch detection method leverages OpenCV’s color space transformation, contour extraction, and accurate color range defining features. Regarding ball detection, the YOLOv8 model emphasizes the preservation of minor object details to improve accuracy and is specifically trained to the unique properties of cricket balls. The methods are more reliable because of the careful preparation of the datasets, which include novel ball and pitch information. These cutting-edge methods not only improve cricket analytics but also set the stage for flexible methods in more general sports technology applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenCV" title="OpenCV">OpenCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YOLOv8" title=" YOLOv8"> YOLOv8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cricket" title=" cricket"> cricket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custom%20dataset" title=" custom dataset"> custom dataset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports" title=" sports"> sports</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182020/advancing-in-cricket-analytics-novel-approaches-for-pitch-and-ball-detection-employing-opencv-and-yolov8" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Aural Skills Pedagogy for Students with Absolute Pitch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Uchida">Rika Uchida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In teaching sophomore level aural skills, I have dealt with students with absolute pitch do poorly in my courses, particularly in harmonic dictation. They can identify triads; however, identifying quality of seventh chords or chromatic chords poses serious challenges. Most often, they need to spell all the pitches before identifying the chord qualities and Roman Numerals. Growing up in a country where acquiring absolute pitch is considered essential, I started my early music training with fixed do system at age three and learned all my music with solfege. When I was assigned as a TA in aural skills courses at graduate school in US, I had to learn relative pitch quickly. My survival method was listening to music with absolute pitch first, then quickly "translate" to relative pitch. In teaching my courses, I have been using chord progressions (5-8 chords total), in which students are asked to sing chord arpeggiation with movable do solfege. I use same progressions for harmonic dictation; I hoped that students learn to incorporate singing and listening skills by overlapping same materials. This method has proven to be successful for most students; in particular, it has helped students with absolute pitch to hear chord quality and function. Although original progressions are written in C as a tonic, they can identify chords in harmonic dictation in other keys as well. In short, I believe singing chord progression with movable do arpeggiation helps students with absolute pitch to improve hearing function and quality of chords in harmonic dictation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aural%20skills%20pedagogy" title="aural skills pedagogy">aural skills pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20theory" title=" music theory"> music theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20pitch" title=" absolute pitch"> absolute pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20dictation" title=" harmonic dictation"> harmonic dictation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119257/aural-skills-pedagogy-for-students-with-absolute-pitch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Study on Angle Measurement Interferometer around Any Axis Direction Selected by Transmissive Liquid Crystal Device </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Furutani">R. Furutani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Kikuchi"> G. Kikuchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, the optical interferometer system is too complicated and difficult to change the measurement items, pitch, yaw, and row, etc. In this article, the optical interferometer system using the transmissive Liquid Crystal Device (LCD) as the switch of the optical path was proposed. At first, the normal optical interferometer, Michelson interferometer, was constructed to measure the pitch angle and the yaw angle. In this optical interferometer, the ball lenses with the refractive indices of 2.0 were used as the retroreflectors. After that, the transmissive LCD was introduced as the switch to select the adequate optical path. In this article, these optical systems were constructed. Pitch measurement interferometer and yaw measurement interferometer were switched by the transmissive LCD. When the LCD was open for the yaw measurement, the yaw was sufficiently measured and optical path for the pitch measurement was blocked. On the other hand, when the LCD was open for the pitch measurement, the pitch was measured and the optical path for the yaw measurement was also blocked. In this article, the results of both of pitch measurement and yaw measurement were shown, and the result of blocked yaw measurement and pitch measurement were shown. As this measurement system was based on Michelson interferometer, the other measuring items, the deviation along the optical axis, the vertical deviation to the optical axis and row angle, could be measured by the additional ball lenses and the additional switching in future work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=any%20direction%20angle" title="any direction angle">any direction angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20lens" title=" ball lens"> ball lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20interferometer" title=" laser interferometer"> laser interferometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmissive%20liquid%20crystal%20device" title=" transmissive liquid crystal device"> transmissive liquid crystal device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106989/study-on-angle-measurement-interferometer-around-any-axis-direction-selected-by-transmissive-liquid-crystal-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Biotransformation of Glycerine Pitch as Renewable Carbon Resource into P(3HB-co-4HB) Biopolymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirul%20Al-Ashraf%20Abdullah">Amirul Al-Ashraf Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hema%20Ramachandran"> Hema Ramachandran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iszatty%20Ismail"> Iszatty Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oleochemical industry in Malaysia has been diversifying significantly due to the abundant supply of both palm and kernel oils as raw materials as well as the high demand for downstream products such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols and glycerine. However, environmental awareness is growing rapidly in Malaysia because oleochemical industry is one of the palm-oil based industries that possess risk to the environment. Glycerine pitch is one of the scheduled wastes generated from the fatty acid plants in Malaysia and its discharge may cause a serious environmental problem. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternative applications for this waste glycerine. Consequently, the aim of this research is to explore the application of glycerine pitch as direct fermentation substrate in the biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] copolymer, aiming to contribute toward the sustainable production of biopolymer in the world. Utilization of glycerine pitch (10 g/l) together with 1,4-butanediol (5 g/l) had resulted in the achievement of 40 mol% 4HB monomer with the highest PHA concentration of 2.91 g/l. Synthesis of yellow pigment which exhibited antimicrobial properties occurred simultaneously with the production of P(3HB-co-4HB) through the use of glycerine pitch as renewable carbon resource. Utilization of glycerine pitch in the biosynthesis of P(3HB-co-4HB) will not only contribute to reducing society’s dependence on non-renewable resources but also will promote the development of cost efficiency microbial fermentation towards biosustainability and green technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymer" title="biopolymer">biopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycerine%20pitch" title=" glycerine pitch"> glycerine pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20pigment" title=" natural pigment"> natural pigment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%283HB-co-4HB%29" title=" P(3HB-co-4HB)"> P(3HB-co-4HB)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11284/biotransformation-of-glycerine-pitch-as-renewable-carbon-resource-into-p3hb-co-4hb-biopolymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Leadership Effectiveness Compared among Three Cultures Using Voice Pitches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asena%20Biber">Asena Biber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ates%20Gul%20Ergun"> Ates Gul Ergun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seda%20Bulut"> Seda Bulut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the literature, there are large numbers of studies investigating the relationship between culture and leadership effectiveness. Although giving effective speeches is vital characteristic for a leader to be perceived as effective, to our knowledge, there is no research study the determinants of perceived effective leader speech. The aim of this study is to find the effects of both culture and voice pitch on perceptions of leader's speech effectiveness. Our hypothesis is that people from high power distance countries will perceive leaders' speech effective when the leader's voice pitch is high, comparing with people from relatively low power distance countries. The participants of the study were 36 undergraduate students (12 Pakistanis, 12 Nigerians, and 12 Turks) who are studying in Turkey. National power distance scores of Nigerians ranked as first, Turks ranked as second and Pakistanis ranked as third. There are two independent variables in this study; three nationality groups that representing three levels of power distance and voice pitch of the leader which is manipulated as high and low levels. Researchers prepared an audio to manipulate high and low conditions of voice pitch. A professional whose native language is English read the predetermined speech in high and low voice pitch conditions. Voice pitch was measured using Hertz (Hz) and Decibel (dB). Each nationality group (Pakistan, Nigeria, and Turkey) were divided into groups of six students who listened to either the low or high pitch conditions in the cubicles of the laboratory. It was expected from participants to listen to the audio and fill in the questionnaire which was measuring the leadership effectiveness on a response scale ranging from 1 to 5. To determine the effects of nationality and voice pitch on perceived effectiveness of leader' voice pitch, 3 (Pakistani, Nigerian, and Turk) x 2 (low voice pitch and high voice pitch) two way between subjects analysis of variances was carried out. The results indicated that there was no significant main effect of voice pitch and interaction effect on perceived effectiveness of the leader’s voice pitch. However, there was a significant main effect of nationality on perceived effectiveness of the leader's voice pitch. Based on the results of Turkey’s HSD post-hoc test, only the perceived effectiveness of the leader's speech difference between Pakistanis and Nigerians was statistically significant. The results show that the hypothesis of this study was not supported. As limitations of the study, it is of importance to mention that the sample size should be bigger. Also, the language of the questionnaire and speech should be in the participant’s native language in further studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20effectiveness" title=" leadership effectiveness"> leadership effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20distance" title=" power distance"> power distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20pitch" title=" voice pitch"> voice pitch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83488/leadership-effectiveness-compared-among-three-cultures-using-voice-pitches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> The Pitch Diameter of Pipe Taper Thread Measurement and Uncertainty Using Three-Wire Probe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kloypayan">J. Kloypayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Pimpakan"> W. Pimpakan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pipe taper thread measurement and uncertainty normally used the four-wire probe according to the JIS B 0262. Besides, according to the EA-10/10 standard, the pipe thread could be measured using the three-wire probe. This research proposed to use the three-wire probe measuring the pitch diameter of the pipe taper thread. The measuring accessory component was designed and made, then, assembled to one side of the ULM 828 CiM machine. Therefore, this machine could be used to measure and calibrate both the pipe thread and the pipe taper thread. The equations and the expanded uncertainty for pitch diameter measurement were formulated. After the experiment, the results showed that the pipe taper thread had the pitch diameter equal to 19.165 mm and the expanded uncertainty equal to 1.88µm. Then, the experiment results were compared to the results from the National Institute of Metrology Thailand. The equivalence ratio from the comparison showed that both results were related. Thus, the proposed method of using the three-wire probe measured the pitch diameter of the pipe taper thread was acceptable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20taper%20thread" title="pipe taper thread">pipe taper thread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-wire%20probe" title=" three-wire probe"> three-wire probe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measure%20and%20calibration" title=" measure and calibration"> measure and calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20universal%20length%20measuring%20machine" title=" the universal length measuring machine"> the universal length measuring machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2496/the-pitch-diameter-of-pipe-taper-thread-measurement-and-uncertainty-using-three-wire-probe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Tonal Pitch Structure as a Tool of Social Consolidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Podlipniak">Piotr Podlipniak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social consolidation has often been indicated as an adaptive function of music which led to the evolution of music faculty. According to many scholars this function is possible thanks to musical rhythm that enables sensorimotor synchronization to a musical beat. The ability to synchronize to music allows performing music collectively which enhances social cohesion. However, the collective performance of music consists also in spectral synchronization that depends on musical pitch structure. Similarly to rhythmic synchronization, spectral synchronization is a result of ‘brain states alignment’ between people who collectively listen to or perform music. In order to successfully synchronize pitches performers have to adequately expect the pitch structure. The most common form of music which predominates among all human societies is tonal music. In fact tonality understood in the broadest sense as such an organization of musical pitches in which some pitch is more important than others is the only kind of musical pitch structure that has been observed in all currently known musical cultures. The perception of such a musical pitch structure elicits specific emotional reactions which are often described as tensions and relaxations. These facts provoke some important questions. What is the evolutionary reason that people use pitch structure as a form of vocal communication? Why different pitch structures elicit different emotional states independent of extra-musical context? It is proposed in the current presentation that in the course of evolution pitch structure became a human specific tool of communication the function of which is to induce emotional states such as uncertainty and cohesion. By the means of eliciting these emotions during collective music performance people are able to unconsciously give cues concerning social acceptance. This is probably one of the reasons why in all cultures people collectively perform tonal music. It is also suggested that tonal pitch structure had been invented socially before it became an evolutionary innovation of Homo sapiens. It means that a predisposition to tonally organize pitches evolved by the means of ‘Baldwin effect’ – a process in which natural selection transforms the learned response of an organism into the instinctive response. The hypothetical evolutionary scenario of the emergence of tonal pitch structure will be proposed. In this scenario social forces such as a need for closer cooperation play the crucial role. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title="emotion">emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution" title=" evolution"> evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tonality" title=" tonality"> tonality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20consolidation" title=" social consolidation"> social consolidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28454/tonal-pitch-structure-as-a-tool-of-social-consolidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Prediction of the Aerodynamic Stall of a Helicopter’s Main Rotor Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assel%20Thami%20Lahlou">Assel Thami Lahlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soufiane%20Stouti"> Soufiane Stouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Lagrat"> Ismail Lagrat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Mounir"> Hamid Mounir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Bouazaoui"> Oussama Bouazaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research work is to predict the helicopter from stalling by finding the minimum and maximum values that the pitch angle can take in order to fly in a hover state condition. The stall of a helicopter in hover occurs when the pitch angle is too small to generate the thrust required to support its weight or when the critical angle of attack that gives maximum lift is reached or exceeded. In order to find the minimum pitch angle, a 3D CFD simulation was done in this work using ANSYS FLUENT as the CFD solver. We started with a small value of the pitch angle θ, and we kept increasing its value until we found the thrust coefficient required to fly in a hover state and support the weight of the helicopter. For the CFD analysis, the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) method with k-ε turbulent model was used to study the 3D flow around the rotor for θmin. On the other hand, a 2D simulation of the airfoil NACA 0012 was executed with a velocity inlet Vin=ΩR/2 to visualize the flow at the location span R/2 of the disk rotor using the Spallart-Allmaras turbulent model. Finding the critical angle of attack at this position will give us the ability to predict the stall in hover flight. The results obtained will be exposed later in the article. This study was so useful in analyzing the limitations of the helicopter’s main rotor and thus, in predicting accidents that can lead to a lot of damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic" title="aerodynamic">aerodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helicopter" title=" helicopter"> helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stall" title=" stall"> stall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blades" title=" blades"> blades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=main%20rotor" title=" main rotor"> main rotor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20pitch%20angle" title=" minimum pitch angle"> minimum pitch angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20pitch%20angle" title=" maximum pitch angle"> maximum pitch angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186086/prediction-of-the-aerodynamic-stall-of-a-helicopters-main-rotor-using-a-computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> A Self Organized Map Method to Classify Auditory-Color Synesthesia from Frontal Lobe Brain Blood Volume</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Kaburagi">Takashi Kaburagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takamasa%20Komura"> Takamasa Komura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yosuke%20Kurihara"> Yosuke Kurihara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Absolute pitch is the ability to identify a musical note without a reference tone. Training for absolute pitch often occurs in preschool education. It is necessary to clarify how well the trainee can make use of synesthesia in order to evaluate the effect of the training. To the best of our knowledge, there are no existing methods for objectively confirming whether the subject is using synesthesia. Therefore, in this study, we present a method to distinguish the use of color-auditory synesthesia from the separate use of color and audition during absolute pitch training. This method measures blood volume in the prefrontal cortex using functional Near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and assumes that the cognitive step has two parts, a non-linear step and a linear step. For the linear step, we assume a second order ordinary differential equation. For the non-linear part, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to create an inverse filter of such a complex system as the brain. Therefore, we apply a method based on a self-organizing map (SOM) and are guided by the available data. The presented method was tested using 15 subjects, and the estimation accuracy is reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20pitch" title="absolute pitch">absolute pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy" title=" functional near-infrared spectroscopy"> functional near-infrared spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefrontal%20cortex" title=" prefrontal cortex"> prefrontal cortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synesthesia" title=" synesthesia"> synesthesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67659/a-self-organized-map-method-to-classify-auditory-color-synesthesia-from-frontal-lobe-brain-blood-volume" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Dynamic Modeling of Wind Farms in the Jeju Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Hee%20Son">Dae-Hee Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Hee%20Kang"> Sang-Hee Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon-Ryul%20Nam"> Soon-Ryul Nam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we develop a dynamic modeling of wind farms in the Jeju power system. The dynamic model of wind farms is developed to study their dynamic effects on the Jeju power system. PSS/E is used to develop the dynamic model of a wind farm composed of 1.5-MW doubly fed induction generators. The output of a wind farm is regulated based on pitch angle control, in which the two controllable parameters are speed and power references. The simulation results confirm that the pitch angle is successfully controlled, regardless of the variation in wind speed and output regulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20model" title="dynamic model">dynamic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeju%20power%20system" title=" Jeju power system"> Jeju power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20limitation" title=" online limitation"> online limitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20angle%20control" title=" pitch angle control"> pitch angle control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20farm" title=" wind farm"> wind farm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47581/dynamic-modeling-of-wind-farms-in-the-jeju-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> A Computational Study of Very High Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Circular Duct with Hemispherical Inline Baffles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipak%20Sen">Dipak Sen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajdeep%20Ghosh"> Rajdeep Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a computational study of steady state three dimensional very high turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics in a constant temperature-surfaced circular duct fitted with 900 hemispherical inline baffles. The computations are based on realizable k-ɛ model with standard wall function considering the finite volume method, and the SIMPLE algorithm has been implemented. Computational Study are carried out for Reynolds number, Re ranging from 80000 to 120000, Prandtl Number, Pr of 0.73, Pitch Ratios, PR of 1,2,3,4,5 based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel, hydrodynamic entry length, thermal entry length and the test section. Ansys Fluent 15.0 software has been used to solve the flow field. Study reveals that circular pipe having baffles has a higher Nusselt number and friction factor compared to the smooth circular pipe without baffles. Maximum Nusselt number and friction factor are obtained for the PR=5 and PR=1 respectively. Nusselt number increases while pitch ratio increases in the range of study; however, friction factor also decreases up to PR 3 and after which it becomes almost constant up to PR 5. Thermal enhancement factor increases with increasing pitch ratio but with slightly decreasing Reynolds number in the range of study and becomes almost constant at higher Reynolds number. The computational results reveal that optimum thermal enhancement factor of 900 inline hemispherical baffle is about 1.23 for pitch ratio 5 at Reynolds number 120000.It also shows that the optimum pitch ratio for which the baffles can be installed in such very high turbulent flows should be 5. Results show that pitch ratio and Reynolds number play an important role on both fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title="friction factor">friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20duct" title=" circular duct"> circular duct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffle" title=" baffle"> baffle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20ratio" title=" pitch ratio"> pitch ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27300/a-computational-study-of-very-high-turbulent-flow-and-heat-transfer-characteristics-in-circular-duct-with-hemispherical-inline-baffles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> The Phonology and Phonetics of Second Language Intonation in Case of “Downstep”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayebeh%20Norouzi">Tayebeh Norouzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the acquisition process of intonation. It examines the intonation structure of Tokyo Japanese and its realization by Iranian learners of Japanese. Seven Iranian learners of Japanese, differing in fluency, and two Japanese speakers participated in the experiment. Two sentences were used to test the phonological and phonetic characteristics of lexical pitch-accent as well as the intonation patterns produced by the speakers. Both sentences consisted of similar words with the same number of syllables and lexical pitch-accents but different syntactic structure. Speakers were asked to read each sentence three times at normal speed, and the data were analyzed by Praat. The results show that lexical pitch-accent, Accentual Phrase (AP) and AP boundary tone realization vary depending on sentence type. For sentences of type <em>XdeYwo</em>, the lexical pitch-accent is realized properly. However, there is a rise in AP boundary tone regardless of speakers’ level of fluency. In contrast, in sentences of type <em>XnoYwo</em>, the lexical pitch-accent and AP boundary tone vary depending on the speakers’ fluency level. Advanced speakers are better at grouping words into phrases and produce more native-like intonation patterns, though they are not able to realize downstep properly. The non-native speakers tried to realize proper intonation patterns by making changes in lexical accent and boundary tone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intonation" title="intonation">intonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20learners" title=" Iranian learners"> Iranian learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20prosody" title=" Japanese prosody"> Japanese prosody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20accent" title=" lexical accent"> lexical accent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20acquisition." title=" second language acquisition."> second language acquisition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89060/the-phonology-and-phonetics-of-second-language-intonation-in-case-of-downstep" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Performance Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Fins and Perforated Twisted Tape Insert</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Kumar">Rajesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabha%20Chand"> Prabha Chand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with the analytical investigation on the thermal and thermo-hydraulic performance of the solar air collector fitted with fins and perforated twisted tapes (PTT) of twist ratio 2 with different axial pitch ratio. The mathematical models are presented, and the effect of mass flow rate and axial pitch ratios on the thermal and effective efficiency has been discussed. The results obtained are compared with the results of the solar air heater without fins and twisted tapes. Results conveyed that the collectors with fins and perforated twisted tape perform better but at the expense of increased pressure drop. Also, twisted tape with minimum axial pitch ratio is found to be more efficient than others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20air%20heater" title="solar air heater">solar air heater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20efficiency" title=" thermal efficiency"> thermal efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twisted%20tape" title=" twisted tape"> twisted tape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twist%20ratio" title=" twist ratio"> twist ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70391/performance-analysis-of-solar-air-heater-with-fins-and-perforated-twisted-tape-insert" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow around Two Cam Shaped Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Mir%20Abdolah%20Lavasani">Arash Mir Abdolah Lavasani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ebrahimisabet"> M. Ebrahimisabet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the 2-D unsteady viscous flow around two cam shaped cylinders in tandem arrangement is numerically simulated in order to study the characteristics of the flow in turbulent regimes. The investigation covers the effects of high subcritical and supercritical Reynolds numbers and L/D ratio on total drag coefficient. The equivalent diameter of cylinders is 27.6 mm The space between center to center of two cam shaped cylinders is define as longitudinal pitch ratio and it varies in range of 1.5 < L/D < 6. Reynolds number base on equivalent circular cylinder varies in range of 27×103 < Re < 166×103 Results show that drag coefficient of both cylinders depends on pitch ratio. However drag coefficient of downstream cylinder is more dependent on the pitch ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cam%20shaped" title="cam shaped">cam shaped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tandem" title=" tandem"> tandem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical" title=" numerical"> numerical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20coefficient" title=" drag coefficient"> drag coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent" title=" turbulent"> turbulent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36258/numerical-simulation-of-turbulent-flow-around-two-cam-shaped-cylinders-in-tandem-arrangement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Pitch Processing in Autistic Mandarin-Speaking Children with Hypersensitivityand Hypo-Sensitivity: An Event-Related Potential Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiying%20Lai">Kaiying Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suiping%20Wang"> Suiping Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luodi%20Yu"> Luodi Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zhang"> Yang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengmin%20Qin"> Pengmin Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abnormalities in auditory processing are one of the most commonly reported sensory processing impairments in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Tonal language speaker with autism has enhanced neural sensitivity to pitch changes in pure tone. However, not all children with ASD exhibit the same performance in pitch processing due to different auditory sensitivity. The current study aimed to examine auditory change detection in ASD with different auditory sensitivity. K-means clustering method was adopted to classify ASD participants into two groups according to the auditory processing scores of the Sensory Profile, 11 autism with hypersensitivity (mean age = 11.36 ; SD = 1.46) and 18 with hypo-sensitivity (mean age = 10.64; SD = 1.89) participated in a passive auditory oddball paradigm designed for eliciting mismatch negativity (MMN) under the pure tone condition. Results revealed that compared to hypersensitive autism, the children with hypo-sensitivity showed smaller MMN responses to pure tone stimuli. These results suggest that ASD with auditory hypersensitivity and hypo-sensitivity performed differently in processing pure tone, so neural responses to pure tone hold promise for predicting the auditory sensitivity of ASD and targeted treatment in children with ASD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASD" title="ASD">ASD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20profile" title=" sensory profile"> sensory profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20processing" title=" pitch processing"> pitch processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mismatch%20negativity" title=" mismatch negativity"> mismatch negativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMN" title=" MMN"> MMN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87043/pitch-processing-in-autistic-mandarin-speaking-children-with-hypersensitivityand-hypo-sensitivity-an-event-related-potential-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Excitation Modeling for Hidden Markov Model-Based Speech Synthesis Based on Wavelet Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kiran%20Reddy">M. Kiran Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sreenivasa%20Rao"> K. Sreenivasa Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conventional Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based speech synthesis system (HTS) uses only a pulse excitation model, which significantly differs from natural excitation signal. Hence, buzziness can be perceived in the speech generated using HTS. This paper proposes an efficient excitation modeling method that can significantly reduce the buzziness, and improve the quality of HMM-based speech synthesis. The proposed approach models the pitch-synchronous residual frames extracted from the residual excitation signal. Each pitch synchronous residual frame is parameterized using 30 wavelet coefficients. These 30 wavelet coefficients are found to accurately capture the perceptually important information present in the residual waveform. In synthesis phase, the residual frames are reconstructed from the generated wavelet coefficients and are pitch-synchronously overlap-added to generate the excitation signal. The proposed excitation modeling method is integrated into HMM-based speech synthesis system. Evaluation results indicate that the speech synthesized by the proposed excitation model is significantly better than the speech generated using state-of-the-art excitation modeling methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excitation%20modeling" title="excitation modeling">excitation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hidden%20Markov%20models" title=" hidden Markov models"> hidden Markov models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch-synchronous%20frames" title=" pitch-synchronous frames"> pitch-synchronous frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20synthesis" title=" speech synthesis"> speech synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20coefficients" title=" wavelet coefficients"> wavelet coefficients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102457/excitation-modeling-for-hidden-markov-model-based-speech-synthesis-based-on-wavelet-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Ultrasonic Evaluation of Periodic Rough Inaccessible Surfaces from Back Side</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanh%20Nghia%20Nguyen">Chanh Nghia Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Kurokawa"> Yu Kurokawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirotsugu%20Inoue"> Hirotsugu Inoue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The surface roughness is an important parameter for evaluating the quality of material surfaces since it affects functions and performance of industrial components. Although stylus and optical techniques are commonly used for measuring the surface roughness, they are applicable only to accessible surfaces. In practice, surface roughness measurement from the back side is sometimes demanded, for example, in inspection of safety-critical parts such as inner surface of pipes. However, little attention has been paid to the measurement of back surface roughness so far. Since back surface is usually inaccessible by stylus or optical techniques, ultrasonic technique is one of the most effective among others. In this research, an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique is considered for evaluating the pitch and the height of back surface having periodic triangular profile as a very first step. The pitch of the surface profile is measured by applying the diffraction grating theory for oblique incidence; then the height is evaluated by numerical analysis based on the Kirchhoff theory for normal incidence. The validity of the proposed method was verified by both numerical simulation and experiment. It was confirmed that the pitch is accurately measured in most cases. The height was also evaluated with good accuracy when it is smaller than a half of the pitch because of the approximation in the Kirchhoff theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20side" title="back side">back side</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inaccessible%20surface" title=" inaccessible surface"> inaccessible surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20roughness" title=" periodic roughness"> periodic roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse-echo%20technique" title=" pulse-echo technique"> pulse-echo technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20NDE" title=" ultrasonic NDE"> ultrasonic NDE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61131/ultrasonic-evaluation-of-periodic-rough-inaccessible-surfaces-from-back-side" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Synthetic Optimizing Control of Wind-Wave Hybrid Energy Conversion System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Xue">Lei Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liye%20Zhao"> Liye Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jundong%20Wang"> Jundong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Xue"> Yu Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hybrid energy conversion system composed of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and wave energy converters (WECs) may possibly reduce the levelized cost of energy, improving the platform dynamics and increasing the capacity to harvest energy. This paper investigates the aerodynamic performance and dynamic responses of the combined semi-submersible FOWT and point-absorber WECs in frequency and time domains using synthetic optimizing control under turbulent wind and irregular wave conditions. Individual pitch control is applied to the FOWT part, while spring–damping control is used on the WECs part, as well as the synergistic control effect of both are studied. The effect of the above control optimization is analyzed under several typical working conditions, such as below-rated wind speed, rated wind speed, and above-rated wind speed by OpenFAST and WEC-Sim software. Particularly, the wind-wave misalignment is also comparatively investigated, which has demonstrated the importance of applying proper integrated optimal control in this hybrid energy system. More specifically, the combination of individual pitch control and spring–damping control is able to mitigate the platform pitch motion and improve output power. However, the increase in blade root load needs to be considered which needs further investigations in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20offshore%20wind%20turbine" title="floating offshore wind turbine">floating offshore wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20energy%20converters" title=" wave energy converters"> wave energy converters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20optimization" title=" control optimization"> control optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20pitch%20control" title=" individual pitch control"> individual pitch control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response" title=" dynamic response"> dynamic response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181438/synthetic-optimizing-control-of-wind-wave-hybrid-energy-conversion-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> Simulation and Experimentation of Solar Thermal Collector for Air Heating System Using Dynamic Ribs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishitha%20Chowdary">Nishitha Chowdary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhav%20Dwivedi"> Prabhav Dwivedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar radiation (or insolation) is responsible for 174 petawatts (PW) of energy reaching the Earth's atmosphere. About one-third of this is reflected in space. Solar energy is by far the most abundant source of energy on Earth. In this study to use solar energy to the fullest in a solar air heater, An analysis of a solar air heater duct roughened with fixed cylindrical ribs in 3-D has been done using CFD. These fixed cylindrical ribs have a uniform circular cross-section and are placed in transverse in-line and staggered arrangements. The orientation of ribs has been fixed and is perpendicular to the in-flow direction. Cylindrical ribs are arranged periodically with fixed pitch; therefore, one pitch length is only considered in the present study. Validation has been done with smooth as well as with roughened duct and is matched perfectly with the developed correlations. Geometric parameters, namely rib height (e), ranges from 1 to 2 mm and pitch ranges from 10 to 40 mm are used in the present investigation. Thermo-hydraulic performance parameters in terms of average Nusselt number and friction factor have been extracted for Reynolds number ranging 5000—18000 to optimize the performance of roughened duct. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20ribs" title="cylindrical ribs">cylindrical ribs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20air%20heater" title=" solar air heater"> solar air heater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-hydraulic%20performance%20factor" title=" thermo-hydraulic performance factor"> thermo-hydraulic performance factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughened%20duct" title=" roughened duct"> roughened duct</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145029/simulation-and-experimentation-of-solar-thermal-collector-for-air-heating-system-using-dynamic-ribs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> Acoustic Characteristics of Ḫijaiyaḫ Letters Pronunciation by Indonesian Native Speaker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romi%20Hardiyansyah">Romi Hardiyansyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raden%20Sugeng%20Joko%20Sarwono"> Raden Sugeng Joko Sarwono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Samsi"> Agus Samsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesian people have a mother language but not Arabic. Meanwhile, they must be able to pronounce the Arabic because Islam is the biggest religion in Indonesia. Arabic is composed by ḫijaiyaḫ letters which has its own pronunciation. Sound production process in humans can be divided into three physiological processes, namely: the formation of airflow from the lungs, the change in airflow from the lungs into the sound, and articulation (the modulation/sound setting into a specific sound). Ḫijaiyaḫ letters has its own articulation, some of which seem strange for most people in Indonesia. Those letters come out from the middle and upper throat so that the letters has its own acoustic characteristics. Acoustic characteristics of voice can be observed by source-filter approach that has parameters: pitch, formant, and formant bandwidth. Pitch is the basic tone in every human being. Formant is the resonance frequency of the human voice. Formant bandwidth is the time-width of a formant. After recording the sound from 21 subjects, data is processed by software Praat version 5.3.39. The analysis showed that each pronunciation, syakal (vowel changer), and the place of discharge letters has the same timbre which are determined by third and fourth formant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E1%B8%ABijaiya%E1%B8%AB" title="ḫijaiyaḫ">ḫijaiyaḫ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=articulation" title=" articulation"> articulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch" title=" pitch"> pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formant" title=" formant"> formant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formant%20bandwidth" title=" formant bandwidth"> formant bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timbre" title=" timbre"> timbre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36324/acoustic-characteristics-of-ijaiya-letters-pronunciation-by-indonesian-native-speaker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Prosodic Transfer in Foreign Language Learning: A Phonetic Crosscheck of Intonation and F₀ Range between Italian and German Native and Non-Native Speakers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violetta%20Cataldo">Violetta Cataldo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renata%20Savy"> Renata Savy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simona%20Sbranna"> Simona Sbranna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Foreign Language Learning (FLL) is characterised by prosodic transfer phenomena regarding pitch accents placement, intonation patterns, and pitch range excursion from the learners’ mother tongue to their Foreign Language (FL) which suggests that the gradual development of general linguistic competence in FL does not imply an equally correspondent improvement of the prosodic competence. Topic: The present study aims to monitor the development of prosodic competence of learners of Italian and German throughout the FLL process. The primary object of this study is to investigate the intonational features and the f₀ range excursion of Italian and German from a cross-linguistic perspective; analyses of native speakers’ productions point out the differences between this pair of languages and provide models for the Target Language (TL). A following crosscheck compares the L2 productions in Italian and German by non-native speakers to the Target Language models, in order to verify the occurrence of prosodic interference phenomena, i.e., type, degree, and modalities. Methodology: The subjects of the research are university students belonging to two groups: Italian native speakers learning German as FL and German native speakers learning Italian as FL. Both of them have been divided into three subgroups according to the FL proficiency level (beginners, intermediate, advanced). The dataset consists of wh-questions placed in situational contexts uttered in both speakers’ L1 and FL. Using a phonetic approach, analyses have considered three domains of intonational contours (Initial Profile, Nuclear Accent, and Terminal Contour) and two dimensions of the f₀ range parameter (span and level), which provide a basis for comparison between L1 and L2 productions. Findings: Results highlight a strong presence of prosodic transfer phenomena affecting L2 productions in the majority of both Italian and German learners, irrespective of their FL proficiency level; the transfer concerns all the three domains of the contour taken into account, although with different modalities and characteristics. Currently, L2 productions of German learners show a pitch span compression on the domain of the Terminal Contour compared to their L1 towards the TL; furthermore, German learners tend to use lower pitch range values in deviation from their L1 when improving their general linguistic competence in Italian FL proficiency level. Results regarding pitch range span and level in L2 productions by Italian learners are still in progress. At present, they show a similar tendency to expand the pitch span and to raise the pitch level, which also reveals a deviation from the L1 possibly in the direction of German TL. Conclusion: Intonational features seem to be 'resistant' parameters to which learners appear not to be particularly sensitive. By contrast, they show a certain sensitiveness to FL pitch range dimensions. Making clear which the most resistant and the most sensitive parameters are when learning FL prosody could lay groundwork for the development of prosodic trainings thanks to which learners could finally acquire a clear and natural pronunciation and intonation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20learning" title="foreign language learning">foreign language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=German" title=" German"> German</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Italian" title=" Italian"> Italian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L2%20prosody" title=" L2 prosody"> L2 prosody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20range" title=" pitch range"> pitch range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer" title=" transfer"> transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93831/prosodic-transfer-in-foreign-language-learning-a-phonetic-crosscheck-of-intonation-and-f0-range-between-italian-and-german-native-and-non-native-speakers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Voice Quality in Italian-Speaking Children with Autism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrizia%20Bonaventura">Patrizia Bonaventura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20Di%20Renzo"> Magda Di Renzo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project aims to measure and assess the voice quality in children with autism. Few previous studies exist which have analyzed the voice quality of individuals with autism: abnormal voice characteristics have been found, like a high pitch, great pitch range, and sing-song quality. Existing studies did not focus specifically on Italian-speaking children’s voices and provided analysis of a few acoustic parameters. The present study aimed to gather more data and to perform acoustic analysis of the voice of children with autism in order to identify patterns of abnormal voice features that might shed some light on the causes of the dysphonia and possibly be used to create a pediatric assessment tool for early identification of autism. The participants were five native Italian-speaking boys with autism between the age of 4 years and 10 years (mean 6.8 ± SD 1.4). The children had a diagnosis of autism, were verbal, and had no other comorbid conditions (like Down syndrome or ADHD). The voices of the autistic children were recorded in the production of sustained vowels [ah] and [ih] and of sentences from the Italian version of the CAPE-V voice assessment test. The following voice parameters, representative of normal quality, were analyzed by acoustic spectrography through Praat: Speaking Fundamental Frequency, F0 range, average intensity, and dynamic range. The results showed that the pitch parameters (Speaking Fundamental Frequency and F0 range), as well as the intensity parameters (average intensity and dynamic range), were significantly different from the relative normal reference thresholds. Also, variability among children was found, so confirming a tendency revealed in previous studies of individual variation in these aspects of voice quality. The results indicate a general pattern of abnormal voice quality characterized by a high pitch and large variations in pitch and intensity. These acoustic voice characteristics found in Italian-speaking autistic children match those found in children speaking other languages, indicating that autism symptoms affecting voice quality might be independent of the native language of the children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20disorders" title=" voice disorders"> voice disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20science" title=" speech science"> speech science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20analysis%20of%20voice" title=" acoustic analysis of voice"> acoustic analysis of voice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148431/voice-quality-in-italian-speaking-children-with-autism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Sarcasm Recognition System Using Hybrid Tone-Word Spotting Audio Mining Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandhya%20Baskaran">Sandhya Baskaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20Kumar%20Nagabushanam"> Hari Kumar Nagabushanam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sarcasm sentiment recognition is an area of natural language processing that is being probed into in the recent times. Even with the advancements in NLP, typical translations of words, sentences in its context fail to provide the exact information on a sentiment or emotion of a user. For example, if something bad happens, the statement ‘That's just what I need, great! Terrific!’ is expressed in a sarcastic tone which could be misread as a positive sign by any text-based analyzer. In this paper, we are presenting a unique real time ‘word with its tone’ spotting technique which would provide the sentiment analysis for a tone or pitch of a voice in combination with the words being expressed. This hybrid approach increases the probability for identification of special sentiment like sarcasm much closer to the real world than by mining text or speech individually. The system uses a tone analyzer such as YIN-FFT which extracts pitch segment-wise that would be used in parallel with a speech recognition system. The clustered data is classified for sentiments and sarcasm score for each of it determined. Our Simulations demonstrates the improvement in f-measure of around 12% compared to existing detection techniques with increased precision and recall. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sarcasm%20recognition" title="sarcasm recognition">sarcasm recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tone-word%20spotting" title=" tone-word spotting"> tone-word spotting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20analyzer" title=" pitch analyzer"> pitch analyzer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71605/sarcasm-recognition-system-using-hybrid-tone-word-spotting-audio-mining-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Numerical Study of 5kW Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using DOE Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Ting%20Lin">Yan-Ting Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Nian%20Su"> Wei-Nian Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the design of 5kW vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using DOE method. The NACA0015 airfoil was implemented for the design and 3D simulation. The critical design parameters are chord length, tip speed ratio (TSR), aspect ratio (AR) and pitch angle in this investigation. The RNG k-ε turbulent model and the sliding mesh method are adopted in the CFD simulation. The results show that the model with zero pitch, 0.3 m in chord length, TSR of 3, and AR of 10 demonstrated the optimum aerodynamic power under the uniform 10m/s inlet velocity. The aerodynamic power is 3.61kW and 3.89kW under TSR of 3 and 4 respectively. The aerodynamic power decreased dramatically while TSR increased to 5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title="vertical axis wind turbine">vertical axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOE" title=" DOE"> DOE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAWT" title=" VAWT"> VAWT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16847/numerical-study-of-5kw-vertical-axis-wind-turbine-using-doe-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Design and Numerical Study on Aerodynamics Performance for F16 Leading Edge Extension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=San-Yih%20Lin">San-Yih Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsien-Hao%20Teng"> Hsien-Hao Teng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we use commercial software, ANSYS CFX, to carry on the simulation the F16 aerodynamics performance flow field. The flight with a modified Leading Edge Extension (LEX) is proposed to increase the lift/drag ratio. The Shear Stress Transport turbulent model is used. The unstructured grid system is generated by the ICEM CFD. The prism grid around the wall surface is generated to simulate boundary layer viscosity flow field and Tetrahedron Mesh is used for the other computation domain. The lift, drag, and pitch moment are computed. The strong vortex structures upper the wing and vortex bursts under different sweep angle of LEX are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEX" title="LEX">LEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lift%2Fdrag%20ratio" title=" lift/drag ratio"> lift/drag ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20moment" title=" pitch moment"> pitch moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20burst" title=" vortex burst"> vortex burst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85534/design-and-numerical-study-on-aerodynamics-performance-for-f16-leading-edge-extension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> A Novel Approach to 3D Thrust Vectoring CFD via Mesh Morphing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umut%20Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z">Umut Yıldız</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berkin%20Kurtulu%C5%9F"> Berkin Kurtuluş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunus%20Emre%20Musluba%C5%9F"> Yunus Emre Muslubaş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thrust vectoring, especially in military aviation, is a concept that sees much use to improve maneuverability in already agile aircraft. As this concept is fairly new and cost intensive to design and test, computational methods are useful in easing the preliminary design process. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be utilized in many forms to simulate nozzle flow, and there exist various CFD studies in both 2D mechanical and 3D injection based thrust vectoring, and yet, 3D mechanical thrust vectoring analyses, at this point in time, are lacking variety. Additionally, the freely available test data is constrained to limited pitch angles and geometries. In this study, based on a test case provided by NASA, both steady and unsteady 3D CFD simulations are conducted to examine the aerodynamic performance of a mechanical thrust vectoring nozzle model and to validate the utilized numerical model. Steady analyses are performed to verify the flow characteristics of the nozzle at pitch angles of 0, 10 and 20 degrees, and the results are compared with experimental data. It is observed that the pressure data obtained on the inner surface of the nozzle at each specified pitch angle and under different flow conditions with pressure ratios of 1.5, 2 and 4, as well as at azimuthal angle of 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees exhibited a high level of agreement with the corresponding experimental results. To validate the CFD model, the insights from the steady analyses are utilized, followed by unsteady analyses covering a wide range of pitch angles from 0 to 20 degrees. Throughout the simulations, a mesh morphing method using a carefully calculated mathematical shape deformation model that simulates the vectored nozzle shape exactly at each point of its travel is employed to dynamically alter the divergent part of the nozzle over time within this pitch angle range. The mesh morphing based vectored nozzle shapes were compared with the drawings provided by NASA, ensuring a complete match was achieved. This computational approach allowed for the creation of a comprehensive database of results without the need to generate separate solution domains. The database contains results at every 0.01° increment of nozzle pitch angle. The unsteady analyses, generated using the morphing method, are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data, further confirming the accuracy of the CFD model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20vectoring" title="thrust vectoring">thrust vectoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20mesh%20morphing" title=" 3d mesh morphing"> 3d mesh morphing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20shape%20deformation%20model" title=" mathematical shape deformation model"> mathematical shape deformation model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170764/a-novel-approach-to-3d-thrust-vectoring-cfd-via-mesh-morphing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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