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id="toc-Song_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Song_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Song genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Song_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitions_and_performances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitions_and_performances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Competitions and performances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitions_and_performances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>World records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Dabke</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9" title="دبكة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دبكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99bk%C9%99" title="Dəbkə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəbkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="ডাবকি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডাবকি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87" title="دبکه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دبکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabkeh" title="Dabkeh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dabkeh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%B5%EC%BC%80" title="답케 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="답케" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabka" title="Dabka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dabka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%94" title="דבקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דבקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%87" title="دبكه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دبكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabkah" title="Dabkah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dabkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%96%E3%82%B1" title="ダブケ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダブケ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabka" title="Dabka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dabka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87" title="ਡੈਬਕੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੈਬਕੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дабка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дабка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱫᱟᱵᱠᱮ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱟᱵᱠᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="ดับกะฮ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดับกะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dabke" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dabka&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabka">Dabka</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Levantine folk dance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Dabka_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabka (film)">Dabka (film)</a>. For the Egyptian band called Dabke, see <a href="/wiki/Islam_Chipsy" title="Islam Chipsy">Islam Chipsy</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:antiquewhite;"><i>Dabke</i><br />دبكة</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_traditional_Dabke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Palestinian_girls_dancing_traditional_Dabke.jpg/220px-Palestinian_girls_dancing_traditional_Dabke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Palestinian_girls_dancing_traditional_Dabke.jpg/330px-Palestinian_girls_dancing_traditional_Dabke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Palestinian_girls_dancing_traditional_Dabke.jpg/440px-Palestinian_girls_dancing_traditional_Dabke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Palestinian girls dancing traditional <i>dabke</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">Circle dance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Line dancing">line dancing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Types</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Variations">Variations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Originating culture</th><td class="infobox-data">Levantine</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Dabke</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دبكة</span> also spelled <i>dabka</i>, <i>dabki</i>, <i>dubki</i>, <i>dabkeh</i>, plural <i>dabkaat</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">folk dance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly popular among <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanians">Jordanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrian</a> communities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dabke combines <a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle dance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Line dancing">line dancing</a> and is widely performed at weddings and other joyous occasions. The line forms from right to left and the leader of the <i>dabke</i> heads the line, alternating between facing the audience and the other dancers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The etymology of 'dabke' is uncertain but is thought to be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Levantine Arabic</a> word <i>dabaka</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دبكة</span>) meaning "stamping of the feet"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "to make a noise".<sup id="cite_ref-Dabke_Origin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dabke_Origin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:348px;max-width:348px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_patera_Idalium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Recreation of a patera from Idalium, Cyprus of a Phoenician ritual dance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Phoenician_patera_Idalium.png/250px-Phoenician_patera_Idalium.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Phoenician_patera_Idalium.png/330px-Phoenician_patera_Idalium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Phoenician_patera_Idalium.png/500px-Phoenician_patera_Idalium.png 2x" data-file-width="829" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limestone_Phoenician_dancers_Cyprus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Recreation of limestone statues of Phoenician dancers from Cyprus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Limestone_Phoenician_dancers_Cyprus.png/170px-Limestone_Phoenician_dancers_Cyprus.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Limestone_Phoenician_dancers_Cyprus.png/255px-Limestone_Phoenician_dancers_Cyprus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Limestone_Phoenician_dancers_Cyprus.png/340px-Limestone_Phoenician_dancers_Cyprus.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Depictions of Phoenicians dancing in a circular fashion have been found in Cyprus with images of a double-pipe aerophone and frame drum being present.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Yazbek" title="Yusuf Yazbek">Youssef Ibrahim Yazbec</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a> historian, journalist, and politician,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the dabke descends from <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> dances thousands of years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Dabke_Origin2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dabke_Origin2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Palestinian folklorists Abdul-Latif Barghouthi and Awwad Sa'ud al-'Awwad, the dabke jumps may have originated in ancient <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> fertility rituals related to agriculture, chasing off evil spirits and protecting young plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Canaanite_Origin2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canaanite_Origin2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another theory is that the stomping part of dabke started out as a way of solidifying roofs made of mud.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People would stomp on the rooftops of houses together to help compress the material to compact it to prevent cracks from forming.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This eventually evolved into the dancing form of dabke that is known today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alawites_Dance._1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Alawites_Dance._1880.jpg/220px-Alawites_Dance._1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Alawites_Dance._1880.jpg/330px-Alawites_Dance._1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Alawites_Dance._1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alawite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawite">Alawite</a> men dancing dabke, 1880</figcaption></figure> <p>Dabke is popular across the Levant,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each type of dabke dance has its own corresponding set of songs, the theme of which is often love <sup id="cite_ref-Cohenp271_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohenp271-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are six main types of dabke: </p> <ol><li><i>Al-Shamaliyya</i> <i> in Palestine (الشمالية)</i>: It consists of a <i>lawweeh</i> <i>(لويح)</i> at the head of a group of men holding hands and formed in a semicircle. The <i>lawweeh</i> is expected to be particularly skilled in accuracy, ability to improvise, and quickness (generally light on his feet). Typically, the dabke begins with a musician playing a solo on the <i>mijwiz</i> or <i>yarghoul</i> of a <i>Dal Ouna</i> piece, often with two singers accompanying his music. The dancers develop a synchronized movement and step and when the singers finish their song, the <i>lawweeh</i> breaks from the semicircle to dance on his own. When the leader of the dabke sees that the men's steps are one, in sync, he instructs the dancers to slow down and begin a movement crossing their right foot in front of the opposite one (their left foot). The <i>lawweeh</i> continues to inform the dancers of their basic rhythms, and at this point other guests at the wedding or event occurring will join in the dabke line. This is the most popular and familiar form of dabke danced for happy family celebrations, such as weddings, circumcisions, the return of travelers, release of prisoners, and also for national holidays, in which dabke becomes a demonstration of national personality.<sup id="cite_ref-layla_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-layla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has six measure phrases.</li> <li><i>Al-Sha’rawiyya</i> <i>(الشعراوية)</i>: is limited to men and is characterized by strong steps or stomps. It is one of the simplest types of dabke and very close to the normal one. The <i>lawweeh</i> is the most important element in this type of dabke.<sup id="cite_ref-layla_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-layla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has six measure phrases.</li> <li><i>Al-Karaadiyya</i> <i>(الكرادية)</i> also known as <i>Al-Taiyyara</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الطيارة</span></span>): is characterized by a lack of a <i>lawweeh</i> and slow movement with an <i>azif</i> <i>(عازف)</i> (flute player) in the middle of the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-layla_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-layla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Palestine, it is characterized by its fast rhythm in an open circle, and it is performed from left to right. It has square phrases (of four or eight measures).</li> <li><i>Al-Farah</i> <i>(الفره)</i>: is one of the most active types of dabke and therefore requires a high degree of physical fitness.<sup id="cite_ref-layla_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-layla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Al-Ghazal</i> <i>(الغزل)</i>: is characterized by three strong stomps of the right foot, and is usually tiring for those dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-layla_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-layla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_varieties">Regional varieties</h3></div> <p>There are about twenty types of dabke, including but not limited to:<sup id="cite_ref-allofjo.net_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allofjo.net-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><b>Habel Mwadea’</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حبل مودع</span></span>): is the Jordanian dabke of any type performed by men and women jointly.<sup id="cite_ref-allofjo.net_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allofjo.net-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Al-Tas’awiyya</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">التسعاوية</span></span>) also known as <i>Al-Ma’aniyya</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المعانية</span></span>): It Is performed in <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an" title="Ma'an">Ma'an</a> city in South Jordan.</li> <li><b>Al-Darrazi</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الدرازي</span></span>): It is played on <a href="/wiki/Mijwiz" title="Mijwiz">Mijwiz</a>, widely famous in Jordan and Palestine.</li> <li><b>Al-’Askariyya</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العسكرية</span></span>):</li> <li><b>Al-Joufiyya</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الجوفية</span></span>): it consists of two groups stand in opposition to each other: the first group sings and the second responses with Jordanian folkloric songs.</li> <li><b>Al-Ghawarneh</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الغوارنة</span></span>) also known as <i>Deir ’Ala</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دير علا</span></span>): performed in <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a>, and it's one of the fastest types of dabke.</li> <li><b>Abu ’Alanda</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو علنده</span></span>)</li> <li><b>Al-Aqabawiyya</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العقباوية</span></span>): It is performed in <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a> in South Jordan.</li> <li><b>Al-Ramthawiyya</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الرمثاوية</span></span>): It is performed in <a href="/wiki/Ar-Ramtha" title="Ar-Ramtha">Ar-Ramtha</a> in North Jordan.</li> <li><b>Al-Sahja</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">السحجة</span></span>): is a popular Palestinian and Jordanian dance. Al-Sahja belongs mostly to northern and central Palestine, and in the south has two kinds: As-Samir (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">السامر</span></span>) and Al-Dahiyya (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الدحية</span></span>). As-Samir's form involves 2 rows of men on opposite walls, competing with folk poetry, sometimes improvised and even exchanging insults, competing in cleverness of retorts. Al-Dahiyya is a Bedouin version of the same kind in which there is a professional dancer that dances between the two opposing walls of men who are competing for her attention, and at times give her money. <i>Al-Sahja</i> usually occurs the night before the wedding party of the groom (<i>zafat al-'arees</i>), with most of the men in the village participating, especially those who will be attending or are directly involved in the other wedding festivities.</li> <li><b>Al-Dahiyya</b> <i>(الدحية)</i> limited to men: It is close to Al-sahja dance. It's performed by southern Palestinians and Southern Jordanians.</li> <li><b>Al-Hashi</b> <i>(الحاشي)</i> limited to women</li> <li><b>Al-Farradiyya</b> <i>(الفرّادية)</i> limited to women</li> <li><b>Al-Jamma’iyya</b> <i>(الجمّاعية)</i> also limited to women</li> <li><b>Al-’Adiyya</b> <i>(العادية)</i> also known as <i>Al-Dalo’una</i> <i>(دبكة الدلعونا)</i> is a type of dabke danced in Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-allofjo.net_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allofjo.net-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dabke niswaniyyah</b>, danced specifically by women in Palestine.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Song_genres">Song genres</h2></div> <p>There are numerous kinds of songs that are sung during and specifically for dabke, by both men and women respectively, depending on the occasion, song, and audience. Some of the most popular of these songs, such as <i>Dal Ouna</i> <i>(دلعونا)</i>, <i>Al Jafra</i> <i>(الجفرا)</i>, <i>Al Dahiyya</i> <i>(الدحية)</i>, and <i>Zareef il-Tool</i> <i>(ظريف الطول)</i>, are actually entire genres in themselves, in the sense that lyrics can vary significantly in each performance but the basic rhythm of the music is consistent and recognizable. This variation can be seen in the hundreds of lyrical variations heard and recorded of these songs which regardless of specific lyrics, are recognized by their rhythm and at times, a single phrase, as in <i>Ala Dal Ouna, Jafra</i>, and others. For example, even though one might have heard <i>Ala Dal Ouna</i> sung previously telling a different story in this famous love song, people will still call another song ascribing to the same rhythm and theme as <i>Dal Ouna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of dabke music, being folk songs, is on <a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">maqam</a> <a href="/wiki/Bayati_(maqam)" title="Bayati (maqam)">Bayati</a> musical mode.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">Oud</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عود</span></span>), from which the English word "lute" comes, is shaped like half a pear with a short non-fretted neck. It has six courses of two strings and played with a plectrum, usually a trimmed eagle's feather. This instrument creates a deep and mellow sound.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mijwiz" title="Mijwiz">mijwiz</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مجوز</span></span>), which means "double" in Arabic, is very popular in Levantine music. It is a type of reed clarinet that is played by breathing smoothly through a circular aperture at the end and by moving the fingers over the holes down the front of the tube in order to create the different notes. The minjjayrah is similar to the mijwiz, an open ended reed flute played in the same style.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dabkeh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Dabkeh.png/255px-Dabkeh.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Dabkeh.png/383px-Dabkeh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Dabkeh.png/510px-Dabkeh.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Dabkeh band on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tablah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablah">tablah</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">طبلة</span></span>) is a small hand-drum also known as the durbakke. Most tablahs are beautifully decorated, some with wood, tile or bone inlay, etched metal, or paintings in designs typical of the Near East. One of the most commonly played of the percussion instruments; the tablah is a membranophone of goat or fish skin stretched over a vase-shaped drum with a wide neck. Usually made of earthenware or metal, it is placed either under the left arm or between the legs and struck in the middle for the strong beats and on the edge for the sharp in-between beats. Though today fishskin heads are rarely used due to the climate. When the fishskin becomes loose, the drum head is heated to retighten the membrane, retune the instrument, and thus restore its correct sound. The membrane or head of the drum is now made out of plastic. The most commonly produced heads are from Alexandria, Egypt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Daf" title="Daf">daff</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دف</span></span>), also known as the <a href="/wiki/Riq" class="mw-redirect" title="Riq">Riq</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رق</span></span>), is similar to the tambourine. It consists of a round frame, covered on one side with goat or fish skin. Pairs of metal discs are set into the frame to produce the jingle when struck by the hand. The sounds of this percussion instrument set the rhythm of much Arab music, particularly in the performances of classical pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Arghul" title="Arghul">arghul</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">يرغول</span></span>), also known as the <i>yarghoul</i>, is commonly used in solos, often accompanied by singers, that begin dabke performances. Unlike the <i>mijwiz</i>, it only has finger holes in one of its pipes/reeds. (see <i>Al-Shamaliyya</i>, under Types).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Shubabeh (<span lang="ar" dir="ltr">شبابة</span>) is a woodwind instrument traditionally made from reed cane. It differs from the Mijwiz and Arghul in that it does not have a reed, instead the musician blows against the side of the instrument at an angle to produce the tone. The Shubabeh is traditionally played by herders in the wilderness.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competitions_and_performances">Competitions and performances</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_Dabke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Palestinian_Dabke.jpg/250px-Palestinian_Dabke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Palestinian_Dabke.jpg/330px-Palestinian_Dabke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Palestinian_Dabke.jpg/500px-Palestinian_Dabke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian men dancing <i>dabke</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Dabke</i> competitions or shows often consist of different cultural dances and various troupes performing <i>dabke.</i> </p><p>Many universities host events called Arab Night or a title to that effect. When these shows occur, <i>dabke</i> is either performed on stage (inside or outside), in a hall on the floor, or outside on the floor. There are different steps that comprise the <i>Dabke</i> dance: the belbel, the inzel, shemmel and taxi; a combination of each of these steps as well as the occasional jump and turn make the dance complete.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In America, the tradition has persisted and is held in the same kind of communal spaces as it would in the Levant. Dance music is also commonly played in America at Arab-community cultural centers and conventions such as Lebanese American festivals around the country and the annual convention hosted by the American Federation of Ramallah Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/220px--Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="Dabke_in_Leeds.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dabke_in_Leeds.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm/Dabke_in_Leeds.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Dabke in Leeds (UK), 30 November 2024, post pro-Palestinian protest.</figcaption></figure> <p>In her study titled Syrian Radical Dabka, ethnomusicologist Shayna Silverstein described the changes in social interpretations and performances of <i>dabke</i> as performed in Syria. In the 20th century and beyond, <i>dabke</i> has both been interpreted as an element of nationalist ideologies or as a modern and aesthetic form of folk dance, performed by academically trained dancers from the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Institute_of_Dramatic_Arts_(Damascus)" title="Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts (Damascus)">Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts</a>. To reinforce these interpretations and the continuation of <i>dabke</i> in rural as well as in urban settings, performances have been promoted countrywide by government-sponsored folk dance ensembles as well as in educational programs disseminated by the Ministry of Culture. Since the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War</a>, dabke performances as a manifestation of community gatherings have further accompanied protest meetings and demonstrations against the ruling government of Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_records">World records</h2></div> <p>In August 2011, a group in a Lebanese village <a href="/wiki/Dhour_El_Choueir" title="Dhour El Choueir">Dhour El Choueir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> set a new world record. Organized by Dhour El Choueir Summer Festival, a human chain of 5,050 was made and currently holds the world record.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event broke the record set by Tollab, the Lebanese Student Federation in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, with the participation of "La Troupe Folklorique Les Chevaliers du Liban" that had made a human chain of 4,475 people dancing the <i>dabke</i> for more than five minutes straight at Montreal's Marcelin Wilson Park.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tollab had itself broken a record of 2,743 set by a group of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Arabs">Israeli Arabs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre, Israel</a>. An earlier record of 1,700 had been set in Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halay" title="Halay">Halay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hora_(dance)" title="Hora (dance)">Hora (dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Middle Eastern dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirtaki" title="Sirtaki">Sirtaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrtos" title="Syrtos">Syrtos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307153147/http://www.karimnagi.com/arabfolkdance/info/">"Stomps. 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Wesleyan University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819576545" title="Special:BookSources/9780819576545"><bdi>9780819576545</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punk+Ethnography%3A+Artists+%26+Scholars+Listen+to+Sublime+Frequencies&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780819576545&rft.aulast=Veal&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.au=Kim%2C+E.+Tammy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOqv3DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKabir2012" class="citation book cs1">Kabir, Nahid (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1bZvAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85"><i>Young American Muslims: Dynamics of Identity</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748669967" title="Special:BookSources/9780748669967"><bdi>9780748669967</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Young+American+Muslims%3A+Dynamics+of+Identity&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780748669967&rft.aulast=Kabir&rft.aufirst=Nahid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1bZvAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYork2002" class="citation book cs1">York, Museum of the City of New (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/communityofmanyw00bens"><i>A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City</i></a>. Syracuse University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815607397" title="Special:BookSources/9780815607397"><bdi>9780815607397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Community+of+Many+Worlds%3A+Arab+Americans+in+New+York+City&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780815607397&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Museum+of+the+City+of+New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommunityofmanyw00bens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanton2012" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Andrea L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&pg=PA316"><i>Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412981767" title="Special:BookSources/9781412981767"><bdi>9781412981767</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Sociology+of+the+Middle+East%2C+Asia%2C+and+Africa%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781412981767&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Andrea+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGtCL2OYsH6wC%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2006" class="citation book cs1">Armstrong, Marian, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gDLdfF7DyL0C&pg=PA282"><i>Peoples of Western Asia</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Cavendish" title="Marshall Cavendish">Marshall Cavendish</a>. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761476771" title="Special:BookSources/9780761476771"><bdi>9780761476771</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peoples+of+Western+Asia&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780761476771&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgDLdfF7DyL0C%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140247/http://www.cpamonline.com/dabke.html">"Dabke"</a>. <i>Canadian Palestinian Association in Manitoba</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpamonline.com/dabke.html">the original</a> on 2018-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Palestinian+Association+in+Manitoba&rft.atitle=Dabke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpamonline.com%2Fdabke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohenKatz2006" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Dalia; Katz, Ruth (2006-01-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EltbKOmleqAC&dq=Arab+folk+dance+dabke&pg=PA271"><i>Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-11298-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-11298-5"><bdi>978-0-226-11298-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Arab+Music%3A+A+Maqam+Tradition+in+Practice&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft.isbn=978-0-226-11298-5&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Dalia&rft.au=Katz%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEltbKOmleqAC%26dq%3DArab%2Bfolk%2Bdance%2Bdabke%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKassis2023" class="citation book cs1">Kassis, Reem (2023). <i>We Are Palestinian: A Celebration of Culture and Tradition</i>. Studio Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1800783287" title="Special:BookSources/978-1800783287"><bdi>978-1800783287</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+Are+Palestinian%3A+A+Celebration+of+Culture+and+Tradition&rft.pub=Studio+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1800783287&rft.aulast=Kassis&rft.aufirst=Reem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohenKatz2006" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Dalia; Katz, Ruth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EltbKOmleqAC&pg=PA271"><i>Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226112985" title="Special:BookSources/9780226112985"><bdi>9780226112985</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Arab+Music%3A+A+Maqam+Tradition+in+Practice&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780226112985&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Dalia&rft.au=Katz%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEltbKOmleqAC%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140247/http://www.cpamonline.com/dabke.html">"Dabke"</a>. <i>Canadian Palestinian Association in Manitoba</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpamonline.com/dabke.html">the original</a> on 2018-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Palestinian+Association+in+Manitoba&rft.atitle=Dabke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpamonline.com%2Fdabke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dabke_Origin-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dabke_Origin_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HlbVAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Arab World, Volume 8</i></a>. Arab Information Center. 1962. <q>But what is dabke and to which period can it be traced? According to Lebanese historian Youssef Ibrahim Yazbec, who is working on a book on folklore, the dabke comes from the Arabic dabaka meaning to make a noise. ... His theory is that the Phoenicians were the first teachers of the dance in the world, and the dabke is a representative descendant of the Phoenician dances left to us.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+World%2C+Volume+8&rft.pub=Arab+Information+Center&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHlbVAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17289/17289-h/17289-h.htm">"The Dance: Historic Illustrations of Dancing from 3300 B.C. to 1911 A.D."</a> <i>www.gutenberg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gutenberg.org&rft.atitle=The+Dance%3A+Historic+Illustrations+of+Dancing+from+3300+B.C.+to+1911+A.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F17289%2F17289-h%2F17289-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolk2010" class="citation book cs1">Volk, Lucia (2010-10-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5N7BRNk2lV8C&pg=PA42"><i>Memorials and Martyrs in Modern Lebanon</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00492-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00492-5"><bdi>978-0-253-00492-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorials+and+Martyrs+in+Modern+Lebanon&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft.isbn=978-0-253-00492-5&rft.aulast=Volk&rft.aufirst=Lucia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5N7BRNk2lV8C%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dabke_Origin2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dabke_Origin2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HlbVAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Arab World, Volume 8</i></a>. Arab Information Center. 1962. <q>But what is dabke and to which period can it be traced? According to Lebanese historian Youssef Ibrahim Yazbec, who is working on a book on folklore, the dabke comes from the Arabic dabaka meaning to make a noise. ... His theory is that the Phoenicians were the first teachers of the dance in the world, and the dabke is a representative descendant of the Phoenician dances left to us.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+World%2C+Volume+8&rft.pub=Arab+Information+Center&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHlbVAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canaanite_Origin2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canaanite_Origin2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaschl2003" class="citation book cs1">Kaschl, Elke (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OfRAsefaeVEC&pg=PA82"><i>Dance and Authenticity in Israel and Palestine: Performing the Nation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004132382" title="Special:BookSources/9789004132382"><bdi>9789004132382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+and+Authenticity+in+Israel+and+Palestine%3A+Performing+the+Nation&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789004132382&rft.aulast=Kaschl&rft.aufirst=Elke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOfRAsefaeVEC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmawi2020" class="citation web cs1">Amawi, Sarah (2020-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patrimoinedorient.org/index.php/en/2020/06/09/dabke-from-social-dance-to-political-stance/">"Dabke : from Social Dance to Political Stance"</a>. <i>Patrimoine d'Orient</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Patrimoine+d%27Orient&rft.atitle=Dabke+%3A+from+Social+Dance+to+Political+Stance&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft.aulast=Amawi&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatrimoinedorient.org%2Findex.php%2Fen%2F2020%2F06%2F09%2Fdabke-from-social-dance-to-political-stance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreer2020" class="citation web cs1">Greer, Gary (2020-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kaleela.com/how-to-spot-the-different-types-of-dabke-dancers/">"How to Spot the Different Types of Dabke Dancers"</a>. <i>Kaleela</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaleela&rft.atitle=How+to+Spot+the+Different+Types+of+Dabke+Dancers&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkaleela.com%2Fhow-to-spot-the-different-types-of-dabke-dancers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrisGiersdorfn.d." class="citation book cs1">Morris, Gay; Giersdorf, Jens Richard (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=teERDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA218"><i>Choreographies of 21st Century Wars</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-020166-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-020166-1"><bdi>978-0-19-020166-1</bdi></a> – via Google Books. <q>Dabke is a folk dance "made up of intricate steps and stomps" (Rowe 2011, 364) performed by both men and women that is popular in areas such as Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. The dance is often performed at weddings and celebrations; however, it is also performed in theatrical or contemporary modes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choreographies+of+21st+Century+Wars&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-020166-1&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Gay&rft.au=Giersdorf%2C+Jens+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DteERDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohenp271-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohenp271_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, Katz, 2006, pp. 271–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-layla-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-layla_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-layla_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-layla_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-layla_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-layla_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">هشام عارف الموعد ومأمون احمد الموعد. فوكلور العرس و الغناء الشعبي: ليلة الحنا>.سلسلة التراث الشفوي الفلسطيني الجزء الأول.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allofjo.net-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allofjo.net_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allofjo.net_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allofjo.net_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allofjo.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12074:2011-05-21-20-17-50&catid=51:2010-06-06-04-19-21&Itemid=263">"كل الاردن"</a>. <i>Allofjo.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allofjo.net&rft.atitle=%D9%83%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allofjo.net%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D12074%3A2011-05-21-20-17-50%26catid%3D51%3A2010-06-06-04-19-21%26Itemid%3D263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">وليد ربيع, عبد العزيز ابوهذبا, عمر حمدان, محمد علي احمد. <u>قرية ترمسعيا</u>. "الفصل العشرون – الاغاني".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Badley, Bill and Zein al Jundi. "Europe Meets Asia". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 391–395. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0">1-85828-636-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article&cat=Artamp;Culture&article=987">"Dabke appeals to Westerners, Arabs alike"</a>. <i>Arabamericannews.com</i>. 10 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arabamericannews.com&rft.atitle=Dabke+appeals+to+Westerners%2C+Arabs+alike&rft.date=2009-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabamericannews.com%2Fnews%2Findex.php%3Fmod%3Darticle%26cat%3DArtamp%3BCulture%26article%3D987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970529223911/http://www.afrp.org/">"American Federation of Ramallah, Palestine Home Page"</a>. <i>www.afrp.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrp.org/">the original</a> on 29 May 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.afrp.org&rft.atitle=American+Federation+of+Ramallah%2C+Palestine+Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrp.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilverstein2012" class="citation journal cs1">Silverstein, Shayna (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1233692">"Syria's Radical Dabke"</a>. <i>Middle East Report</i> (263, Summer 2012) – via www.academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Report&rft.atitle=Syria%27s+Radical+Dabke&rft.issue=263%2C+Summer+2012&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Shayna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1233692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shweir.com">"Shweir"</a>. <i>Shweir.com</i>. 2013-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shweir.com&rft.atitle=Shweir&rft.date=2013-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shweir.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/AwayPolitics/FA4C2F6E06E89B43C22575DD002E4539?OpenDocument">"Naharnet — Lebanon's leading news destination"</a>. <i>Naharnet.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naharnet.com&rft.atitle=Naharnet+%E2%80%94+Lebanon%27s+leading+news+destination&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fdomino%2Ftn%2FNewsDesk.nsf%2FAwayPolitics%2FFA4C2F6E06E89B43C22575DD002E4539%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090625204329/http://chevaliersduliban.com/">"Les Chevaliers du Liban"</a>. <i>chevaliersduliban.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chevaliersduliban.com/">the original</a> on 25 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chevaliersduliban.com&rft.atitle=Les+Chevaliers+du+Liban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchevaliersduliban.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001130710/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/885145.html">"Israeli Arabs smash world record for largest 'Debke' folk dance - Haaretz - Israel News"</a>. <i>www.haaretz.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/885145.html">the original</a> on 1 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.haaretz.com&rft.atitle=Israeli+Arabs+smash+world+record+for+largest+%27Debke%27+folk+dance+-+Haaretz+-+Israel+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F885145.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li>Adra, Najwa. "Middle East" <i>The International Encyclopedia of Dance.</i> Ed. Selma Jeanne Cohen and the Dance Perspectives Foundation. Oxford University Press, 2003. Georgetown University. 3 December 2010</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohenKatz2006" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Dalia; Katz, Ruth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M8AFPS2REcYC&pg=PA271"><i>Palestinian Arab music: a Maqām tradition in practice</i></a> (Illustrated, annotated ed.). University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-11299-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-11299-2"><bdi>978-0-226-11299-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Arab+music%3A+a+Maq%C4%81m+tradition+in+practice&rft.edition=Illustrated%2C+annotated&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-226-11299-2&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Dalia&rft.au=Katz%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM8AFPS2REcYC%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADabke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kaschl, Elke. <i>Dance and Authenticity in Israel and Palestine: Performing the Nation</i>. Leiden & Boston, MA: Brill; 2003.</li> <li>Ladkani, Jennifer. "Dabke Music and Dance and the Palestinian Refugee Experience: On the Outside looking in." Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, 2001.</li> <li>McDonald, David A. "Poetics and the Performance of Violence in Israel/Palestine." <i>Ethnomusicology</i>. 53:1, Winter 2009.</li> <li>Rowe, Nicholas. "Dance and Political Credibility: The Appropriation of Dabkeh by Zionism, Pan-Arabism, and Palestinian Nationalism." Middle East Journal, 65.3 (2011): 363–80. Summer 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. Print.</li> <li>Rowe, Nicholas. "Raising Dust: a Cultural History of Dance in Palestine." Publisher London; New York, NY: I.B. Tauris; New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.</li> <li>Handelsman, JoEllen. 3, Dance Styles of the Middle East. "Near and Middle Eastern Dance Workbook." 2nd ed. Tucson: Premium Source, 2012. 7. Print.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dabke" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dabke">Dabke</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpUCIyqyQQ0">A variety of The Jordanian Dabke performed by Al Yarmouk University Folk Troupe.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SV0eYcI0yPs">Jordanian Dabkeh Performed By Al-Ramth Youth Folk Troupe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xUrU1YVKnI">Jordanian Dabke (Tas'awiya) – Ma'an 1975</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4d_DdRmgBc">El-Arish Dabka</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZpCQX9ablA">Palestinian Dabkeh performed in London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207113320/http://al-juthoor.com/index.htm">Al-Juthoor Dabkeh Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldartswest.org/main/edf_performer.asp?i=125">Al-Juthoor performs in the San Francisco Ethnic Dance Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071209201811/http://www.worldartswest.org/main/edf_performer.asp?i=125">Archived</a> 2007-12-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227070919/http://www.el-funoun.org/new/art6.html">El-Funoon Dabkeh Group</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_Eastern_music" title="Template:Middle Eastern music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_Eastern_music" title="Template talk:Middle Eastern music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_Eastern_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle Eastern music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle_Eastern_music55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music" title="Middle Eastern music">Middle Eastern music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(classical_music)" title="Arabesque (classical music)">Arabesque</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Al_Jeel" title="Al Jeel">al-jeel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedouin_music" title="Bedouin music">Bedouin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khaliji_(music)" title="Khaliji (music)">khaliji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samri" title="Samri">samri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sawt_(music)" title="Sawt (music)">sawt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern hip hop">Hip hop</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic hip hop">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hip hop">Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian hip hop">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli hip hop">Israeli</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jewish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish hip hop">Jewish</a>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese hip hop">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian hip hop">Palestinian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish hip hop">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Iranian classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman classical music">Ottoman classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">Pop</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_music" title="Luri music">Luri music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bahrain" title="Music of Bahrain">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Coptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Music of the United Arab Emirates">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jordan" title="Music of Jordan">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kuwait" title="Music of Kuwait">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lebanon" title="Music of Lebanon">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oman" title="Music of Oman">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Qatar" title="Music of Qatar">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Syria" title="Music of Syria">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Yemeni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Music" title="Hadhrami Music">Hadhramaut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Dance</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Arab_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk_dance" title="Assyrian folk dance">Assyrian folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belly_dance" title="Belly dance">belly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_folk_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli folk dancing">Israeli folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian dance">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_folk_dance" title="Pontic Greek folk dance">Pontic Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish dance">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastgah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dastgah">Dastgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Arabian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm in Arabian music">Iqa'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanto_(music)" title="Kanto (music)">Kanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khigga" title="Khigga">Khigga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_maqam" title="Iraqi maqam">Iraqi maqam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Turkish_makam" title="Turkish makam">Turkish makam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Turkish_music" title="Rhythm in Turkish music">Usul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestine_topics655" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestine_topics" title="Template talk:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Palestine_topics655" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">Early history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Islamic Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">Modern history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History of the Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Slavery in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Palestine" title="List of years in Palestine">Years in Palestine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">First Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> (2023-)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hamas_political_violence_in_Gaza" title="2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza">2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Hamas-Salafist conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the State of Palestine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Northern West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Southern West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Palestine" title="Category:Borders of Palestine">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_Palestine" title="Category:Landforms of Palestine">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">Depopulated villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union" title="Palestinian Democratic Union">FIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)" title="Third Way (Palestinian political party)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine" title="Elections in Palestine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Legal status of the State of Palestine">Legal status of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palestine" title="Government of Palestine">West Bank (SOP-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Judicial system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_under_Hamas" title="Gaza Strip under Hamas">Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Dweik" title="Aziz Dweik">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Propagation_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Gaza_Strip)" title="Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)">Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestinian National Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">Palestinian Preventive Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Foreign affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine">Diplomatic missions of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">Diplomatic missions in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Palestine" title="Category:Companies of Palestine">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Palestine">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Communications in the State of Palestine">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Taxation in the State of Palestine">Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Tourism in the State of Palestine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Transport in the State of Palestine">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Monetary_Authority" title="Palestine Monetary Authority">Palestine Monetary Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">Culture</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Palestine" title="Category:Society of Palestine">society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_citizens_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian citizens of Israel">Palestinian citizens of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_archaeology#Archaeology_in_the_West_Bank" title="Levantine archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Palestine" title="Architecture of Palestine">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_as_a_Palestinian_symbol" title="Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol">watermelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_traditional_costumes" title="Palestinian traditional costumes">Costume and embroidery</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_keffiyeh" title="Palestinian keffiyeh">keffiyeh</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Palestinian territories">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">universities and colleges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Flag of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Health in the State of Palestine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Healthcare in the State of Palestine">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Palestine" title="Mental health in Palestine">Mental healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the State of Palestine">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">Personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">Postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prostitution in the State of Palestine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Palestine" title="Public holidays in Palestine">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Palestine" title="Category:Religion in Palestine">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_Palestine" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in Palestine">Religious buildings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport_in_Palestine" title="History of sport in Palestine">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Football in the State of Palestine">Football</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Palestine_by_city" title="Category:Mass media in Palestine by city">By city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Palestinians" title="Category:Books about Palestinians">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_journalists" title="Category:Palestinian journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_Palestine" title="Category:Newspapers published in Palestine">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photography_in_Palestine" title="Category:Photography in Palestine">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_in_Palestine" title="Category:Radio in Palestine">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Television in the State of Palestine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Telegraph" title="The Palestine Telegraph">The Palestine Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Israel_Journal" title="Palestine–Israel Journal">Palestine–Israel Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Media_Watch" title="Palestinian Media Watch">Palestinian Media Watch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wafa" title="Wafa">Wafa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Australians" title="Palestinian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Brazilian" title="Palestinian Brazilian">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Canadians" title="Palestinian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Egypt" title="Palestinians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Salvadorans" title="Palestinian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Haitians" title="Palestinian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Iraq" title="Palestinians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Aftermath of the Gulf War">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Lebanon" title="Palestinians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mexicans" title="Palestinian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Nicaraguan" title="Palestinian Nicaraguan">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Pakistan" title="Palestinians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Palestinians" title="British Palestinians">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinians_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Palestinians in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Uruguayans" title="Palestinian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Muslim Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Palestinians" title="Afro-Palestinians">Afro-Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Palestinian Baháʼís">Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Druze in Mandatory Palestine">Druzers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Metawalis" title="Palestinian Metawalis">Metawalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawar people">Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushnak" title="Bushnak">Bushnaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Outline of the State of Palestine">Outline</a><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestine" title="Category:Palestine">Category</a></b> <b>·</b> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dabke&oldid=1280423317">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dabke&oldid=1280423317</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dabke" title="Category:Dabke">Dabke</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_dance" title="Category:Arab dance">Arab dance</a></li><li><a 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