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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikiversity</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2415190">@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .tocright{display:none}.mw-parser-output .tocright{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocright{float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocright"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/></div> <p><b>Original research</b> which meets the guidelines of this policy is permitted on <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a>. Researchers devoted to scholarly investigation using sound, ethical methods are encouraged to develop and disseminate their work via Wikiversity. Wikiversity may also provide a useful forum for formal peer review. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Main_points" data-mw-thread-id="h-Main_points"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Main_points"></span>Main points<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Main_points"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Main points"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Original research is permitted on Wikiversity</li> <li>It is strongly recommended that original research pages be labeled with the {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Research_project" title="Template:Research project">Research project</a>}} template so they are easier to find. People looking for research resources would be able to see all pages with this Template if they click on "What links here" in the Template toolbox.</li> <li>All researchers are obligated to follow the <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_ethics" title="Wikiversity:Research ethics">research ethics</a></li> <li>Authors of original research should seek and address formal peer review</li> <li>Additional research guidelines for Wikiversity can be found at <a href="https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_guidelines/En" class="extiw" title="betawikiversity:Wikiversity:Research guidelines/En">Wikiversity:Research guidelines/En</a></li> <li>Wikiversity has pages that offer guidance for new researchers, such as <a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Introduction to research">Introduction to research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_process" title="Wikiversity:Research process">Wikiversity:Research process</a>. We also encourage Users to provide more personalized feedback on others' research.</li> <li>All proposals, methods, reviews, and results related to original Wikiversity research should also be published on Wikiversity.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wikiversity_is_not_Wikipedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikiversity_is_not_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikiversity_is_not_Wikipedia"></span>Wikiversity is not Wikipedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikiversity_is_not_Wikipedia"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Wikiversity is not Wikipedia"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> does not allow original (primary) research (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:No original research">Wikipedia:No original research</a>). As described on that page, the policy against including original research in Wikipedia articles arose from the need to prevent cranks from publishing their ideas in wiki format and passing them off as valid knowledge. </p><p>The <a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity&diff=prev&oldid=110769">original Wikiversity proposal</a> of 2005 proposed that Wikiversity should, </p> <blockquote> <p>"test the limits of the wiki model both for developing electronic learning resources as well as for teaching and for conducting research and publishing results (within a policy framework developed by the community)". </p> </blockquote> <p>The creation of a system for dealing with research and publishing of results in a wiki environment is a major challenge facing the Wikiversity community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="The_review_process" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_review_process"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_review_process"></span>The review process<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_review_process"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: The review process"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2661592">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Peer_review" title="Wikiversity:Peer review">Wikiversity:Peer review</a></div> <p>Original research should be within the <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Scope" title="Wikiversity:Scope">scope of Wikiversity</a>, be conducted ethically, and be academically rigorous. Peer review through the research process can help to ensure research integrity. </p><p>Within Wikiversity, all original research should be clearly identified as such. Sometimes the boundary between original research and <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Secondary_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:Secondary research">secondary research</a> is not clear. A critical review of previously published ideas can lead to the discovery of a new piece of knowledge. The invariable Rule of Wikiversity is that all such discoveries arising from secondary research (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material_that_advances_a_position" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:No original research">Synthesis of published material that advances a position</a>) must be subjected to peer review. </p><p>The main types of peer review in Wikiversity are: </p> <ul><li>Casual peer review; This is automatic in the wiki user environment. However, casual peer review can be as dangerous as no peer review.</li> <li>Peer review from formally trusted Wikiversity members; Formal internal peer review involves a formal system of critical review of the original research result(s). The results of the formal critical review are permanently linked to the original research results and serve as a stamp of validation or a stamp of rejection.</li> <li>Peer review from external entities; It is possible to have Wikiversity projects peer reviewed from an external entity, such as by trusted experts on a local educational system such as a school. A certification of such peer review can subsequently be uploaded and linked from the corresponding Wikiversity work, and <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Peer_review_verification" title="Wikiversity:Peer review verification">WV:Peer review verification</a> can be performed for additional quality assurance.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Page_protection" data-mw-thread-id="h-Page_protection"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Page_protection"></span>Page protection<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Page_protection"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Page protection"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Wikiversity does not prevent participants from crossing the line into original research and since Wikiversity participants are also encouraged to document their personal learning experiences, page protection at Wikiversity is slightly more complex than at Wikipedia. Wikiversity incorporates the page protection system of Wikipedia, but adds an additional element. Registered Wikiversity participants can protect pages that they create from modification by other Wikiversity editors. This allows Wikiversity participants to easily create "archive pages" that will document their own experiences, thoughts, plans and multiple stable versions of documents set aside for study and future reference. Decisions by Wikipedia users to protect pages are always subject to review and reversal by administrators. Pages that a user has created can be marked as protected using the <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Page_protection_templates" title="Wikiversity:Page protection templates">page protection templates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Research_involving_other_Wikimedia_Foundation_projects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Research_involving_other_Wikimedia_Foundation_projects"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Research_involving_other_Wikimedia_Foundation_projects"></span>Research involving other Wikimedia Foundation projects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Research_involving_other_Wikimedia_Foundation_projects"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Research involving other Wikimedia Foundation projects"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research may involve altering other parts of Wikiversity or other Wikimedia Foundation projects in some way. This is permitted, so long as the alterations are not disruptive to the projects in question. In fact, Wikiversity participants are encouraged to constructively utilize the resources offered by the Wikimedia Foundation and identify novel ways to integrate Wikiversity with its sister projects. However, Wikiversity reserves the right to take action against Users who disrupt any part of Wikiversity or use Wikiversity to promote, coordinate, or commemorate disruption of its sister projects, even if this disruption is part of a Wikiversity research project. Such actions include, but are not limited to warnings about misconduct, blocks or bans of the Users in question and deletion of any <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:No_shrines_for_vandals" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:No shrines for vandals">shrines for vandals</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: See also"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2661604">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Using_Wikiversity" title="Template:Using Wikiversity"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Using_Wikiversity" title="Template talk:Using Wikiversity"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Using_Wikiversity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Using Wikiversity"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px&#124;link=_Using_Wikiversity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"/></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Wikiversity" title="Portal:Wikiversity">Using Wikiversity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Learning" title="Wikiversity:Learning">Learn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Wikiversity_teachers" title="Wikiversity:Wikiversity teachers">teach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creating_Wikiversity_Courses" title="Creating Wikiversity Courses">Creating Wikiversity Courses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_Modes" title="Learning Modes">Learning Modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Learning_models" title="Wikiversity:Learning models">Learning models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Learning_projects" title="Wikiversity:Learning projects">Projects</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portal:Learning_Projects" title="Portal:Learning Projects">portal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Interactive_learning_resources" title="Wikiversity:Interactive learning resources">Interactive learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Learning_by_doing" title="Wikiversity:Learning by doing">Learning by doing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Being_educational" title="Wikiversity:Being educational">Being educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Resource_types" title="Help:Resource types">Resource types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Learning_Materials" title="Portal:Learning Materials">Learning materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Content_development" title="Wikiversity:Content development">Resource development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Wikiversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Introduction to Wikiversity">Introduction to Wikiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Wikiversity" title="Intermediate Wikiversity">Intermediate Wikiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity_(the_rest_of_the_story)" title="Wikiversity (the rest of the story)">Advanced Wikiversity</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Manesse_Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Codex_Manesse_Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg.jpg/100px-Codex_Manesse_Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Codex_Manesse_Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg.jpg/150px-Codex_Manesse_Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Codex_Manesse_Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg.jpg/200px-Codex_Manesse_Konrad_von_W%C3%BCrzburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1446"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research" title="Wikiversity:Research">Research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Research" title="Portal:Research">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_guidelines" title="Wikiversity:Research guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Wikiversity_scholarship" title="Introduction to Wikiversity scholarship">Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Scholarly_ethics" title="Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Disclosures" title="Wikiversity:Disclosures">Disclosures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Cite_sources" title="Wikiversity:Cite sources">Citations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Reliable_sources" title="Wikiversity:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Verifiability" title="Wikiversity:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Adding_content" title="Wikiversity:Adding content">Adding content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Quiz" title="Help:Quiz">Adding quizzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Adding_content_tutorial" title="Wikiversity:Adding content tutorial">Resource creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing" title="Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:EMail_for_Teachers" title="Help:EMail for Teachers">Email for teachers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Copyrights" title="Wikiversity:Copyrights">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_Educational_Resources" title="Open Educational Resources">Open Educational Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action" title="Wikiversity:Request custodian action">Request custodian action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Maintenance" title="Wikiversity:Maintenance">Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:FAQ" title="Wikiversity:FAQ">FAQs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_guidelines/En" class="extiw" title="betawikiversity:Wikiversity:Research guidelines/En">Research guidelines</a> at Beta Wikiversity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Introduction to research">Introduction to research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Peer_review" title="Wikiversity:Peer review">Wikiversity:Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Publishing_original_research" title="Wikiversity:Publishing original research">Wikiversity:Publishing original research</a></li> <li><a href="https://community.fandom.com/wiki/w:c:Academia" class="extiw" title="wikia:Academia">Peer reviewed wiki publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="https://community.fandom.com/wiki/w:c:Academia:Flexibility_in_wiki_publishing:_author_desires,_peer_review_and_citation" class="extiw" title="wikia:Academia:Flexibility in wiki publishing: author desires, peer review and citation">Flexibility in wiki publishing: author desires, peer review and citation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:Research Ethics">Wikiversity:Research Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Review_board" title="Wikiversity:Review board">Wikiversity:Review board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Secondary_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:Secondary research">Wikiversity:Secondary research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:FAQ/Fork" title="Wikiversity:FAQ/Fork">Wikiversity:FAQ/Fork</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_proposal" data-mw-thread-id="h-Policy_proposal-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Policy_proposal-See_also"></span>Policy proposal<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Policy_proposal-See_also"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_research&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Policy proposal"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This section is to keep track of various pages during the policy proposal. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research" title="Wikiversity:Research">Wikiversity:Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_process" title="Wikiversity:Research process">Wikiversity:Research process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_proposal" title="Research proposal">Research proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Publishing_original_research" title="Wikiversity:Publishing original research">Wikiversity:Publishing original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Publishing" title="Wikiversity:Publishing">Wikiversity:Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Paper" title="Help:Paper">Help:Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_policy_proposals" title="Category:Research policy proposals">Category:Research policy proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research" title="Category:Research">Category:Research</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2661604"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Community_of_Wikiversity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2577368"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2670038"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiversityUsers" title="Template:WikiversityUsers"><abbr title="View this template" 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title="Wikiversity:Learning community">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Learning_Projects" title="Portal:Learning Projects">Learning Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Wikiversity_students" title="Wikiversity:Wikiversity students">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Wikiversity_browsers" title="Wikiversity:Wikiversity browsers">Browsers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Wikiversity_teachers" title="Wikiversity:Wikiversity teachers">Masters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Service_community" title="Wikiversity:Service community">Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity_and_Wikipedia_services" title="Wikiversity and Wikipedia services">Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Wikiversity_and_Wikinews_services" title="Wikiversity:Wikiversity and Wikinews services">Wikinews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity_and_Wikibooks_services" title="Wikiversity and Wikibooks services">Wikibooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_community" title="Wikiversity:Research community">Research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Secondary_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:Secondary research">secondary</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Research_collaboration" title="Wikiversity:Research collaboration">collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Research" title="Portal:Research">portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Wikiversity_thinktank" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:Wikiversity thinktank">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Support_staff" title="Wikiversity:Support staff">Support staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Student_union" title="Wikiversity:Student union">Student Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Review_board" title="Wikiversity:Review board">Review Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br/> </p> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2661604"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Proposed_policies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2577368"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2670038"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Proposed_policies" title="Template:Proposed policies"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Proposed_policies" title="Template talk:Proposed policies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Proposed_policies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Proposed policies"><abbr title="Edit this template" 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policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Cite_sources" title="Wikiversity:Cite sources">Cite sources</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Course_Titles_and_Numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:Course Titles and Numbers">Course Titles and Numbers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Course_protection_policy" title="Wikiversity:Course protection policy">Course protection policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Curators" title="Wikiversity:Curators">Curators</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Deletions" title="Wikiversity:Deletions">Deletions</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Disclosures" title="Wikiversity:Disclosures">Disclosures</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:External_links" title="Wikiversity:External links">External links</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Make_no_assumptions" title="Wikiversity:Make no assumptions">Make no assumptions</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikiversity:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Naming_conventions" title="Wikiversity:Naming conventions">Naming conventions</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Network_naming_conventions" title="Wikiversity:Network naming conventions">Network naming conventions</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Original research</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Page_protection_templates" title="Wikiversity:Page protection templates">Page protection templates</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Polls" title="Wikiversity:Polls">Polls</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Respect_people" title="Wikiversity:Respect people">Respect people</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Productive_Forking_and_Tailoring_is_Encouraged" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged">Productive Forking and Tailoring is Encouraged</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Real_world_schools" title="Wikiversity:Real world schools">Real world schools</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Scholarly_ethics" title="Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics">Scholarly ethics</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Subpages" title="Wikiversity:Subpages">Subpages</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Username" title="Wikiversity:Username">Username</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:User_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiversity:User page">User page</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Vandalism" title="Wikiversity:Vandalism">Vandalism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:What_Wikiversity_is_not" title="Wikiversity:What Wikiversity is not">What Wikiversity is not</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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