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href="#Notable_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Notable examples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_China_Morning_Post" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_China_Morning_Post"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 South China Morning Post </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_China_Morning_Post-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_Daily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_Daily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Apple Daily </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_Daily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TVB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TVB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.3 TVB </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TVB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CLO_interference_in_the_2012_Chief_Executive_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CLO_interference_in_the_2012_Chief_Executive_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.4 CLO interference in the 2012 Chief Executive election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CLO_interference_in_the_2012_Chief_Executive_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.5 Commercial Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ming_Pao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ming_Pao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.6 Ming Pao </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ming_Pao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack_on_University_of_Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack_on_University_of_Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.7 Attack on University of Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack_on_University_of_Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RTHK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RTHK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.8 RTHK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RTHK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_political_pressure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_political_pressure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Other political pressure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_political_pressure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Democratic_Party_confiscations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Party_confiscations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Democratic Party confiscations </div> </a> <ul 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Victor Mallet controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victor_Mallet_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bao_Choy_Convicted_for_making_false_statement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bao_Choy_Convicted_for_making_false_statement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Bao Choy Convicted for making false statement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bao_Choy_Convicted_for_making_false_statement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pulling_books_from_public_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pulling_books_from_public_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.6 Pulling books from public libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pulling_books_from_public_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong_national_security_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Hong Kong national security law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong_national_security_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Internet censorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Film censorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#8B9A7B;color:black;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Censorship" title="Category:Censorship">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#8B9A7B;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_country" title="Censorship by country">Censorship by country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Censorship.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A censorship symbol"><img alt="A censorship symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Censorship.svg/100px-Censorship.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Censorship.svg/150px-Censorship.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Censorship.svg/200px-Censorship.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#8B9A7B;color:black;"> Countries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#8B9A7B;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">List</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist" style="column-count: 2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Albania" title="Mass media in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Algeria" title="Censorship in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Australia" title="Censorship in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Azerbaijan" title="Media freedom in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Bahrain" title="Censorship in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Bangladesh" title="Censorship in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Belarus" title="Censorship in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Bhutan" title="Censorship in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Bolivia" title="Censorship in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Canada" title="Censorship in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">China</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chinese_censorship_abroad" title="Chinese censorship abroad">overseas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Croatia#Censorship_and_media_freedom" title="Mass media in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Cuba" title="Censorship in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Censorship in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Denmark" title="Censorship in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Ecuador" title="Censorship in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Finland" title="Censorship in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_France" title="Censorship in France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" title="Censorship in the Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Germany" title="Censorship in Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Censorship in Nazi Germany">Nazi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_East_Germany" title="Censorship in East Germany">Democratic Republic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Censorship in the Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Guatemala" title="Censorship in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Honduras" title="Censorship in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Censorship in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Censorship in the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Iran" title="Censorship in Iran">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the Islamic Republic of Iran">Islamic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Iraq" title="Censorship in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Censorship in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Israel" title="Censorship in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Propaganda_and_censorship_in_Italy_during_the_First_World_War" title="Propaganda and censorship in Italy during the First World War">World War I</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Jamaica" title="Censorship in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Japan" title="Censorship in Japan">Japan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Censorship in the Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malawi" title="Internet censorship in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Malaysia" title="Censorship in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Maldives" title="Censorship in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Mexico" title="Censorship in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Morocco" title="Internet censorship in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Myanmar" title="Censorship in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Nepal" title="Censorship in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_New_Zealand" title="Censorship in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Nigeria" title="Censorship in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_North_Korea" title="Censorship in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Censorship in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Peru" title="Censorship in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Poland" title="Censorship in Poland">Poland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Communist_Poland" title="Censorship in Communist Poland">Communist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Portugal" title="Censorship in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Romania">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Communist_Romania" title="Censorship in Communist Romania">Communist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Russia" title="Censorship in Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Censorship in the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Rwanda" title="Censorship in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Samoa" title="Censorship in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Censorship in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Serbia" title="Media freedom in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Singapore" title="Censorship in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Africa" title="Internet censorship in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_South_Asia" title="Censorship in South Asia">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_South_Korea" title="Censorship in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Spain" title="Censorship in Spain">Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Francoist_Spain" title="Censorship in Francoist Spain">Francoist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sweden" title="Censorship in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Taiwan" title="Censorship in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Thailand" title="Censorship in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Tunisia" title="Censorship in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey" title="Censorship in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of the press in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Censorship in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Censorship in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Venezuela" title="Censorship in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Censorship in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen" title="Human rights in Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#8B9A7B;color:black;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_by_country" title="Freedom of speech by country">Freedom of speech by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" title="Internet censorship and surveillance by country">Internet censorship and surveillance by country</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Censorship_by_country" title="Template:Censorship by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Censorship_by_country" title="Template talk:Censorship by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, censorship, which refers to the suppression of speech or other public communication, raises issues regarding the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>. By law, censorship is usually practised against the distribution of certain materials, particularly child pornography, obscene images, sedition, separatism, state secrets, and reports on court cases which may lead to unfair trial. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong</a> in 1997, Hong Kong boasted one of the highest degrees of press freedom in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Since the handover to China, Hong Kong has been granted relative legal, economic, and political autonomy under the <a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a> policy. In contrast to the rest of China, where control over media is pervasive, Hong Kong's freedom of speech, of the press, and of publication are protected under Article 27 of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> and Article 16 of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Bill_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Bill of Rights">Hong Kong Bill of Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Observers have noted a trend of decreasing press freedom in the territory, including physical attacks on journalists, acts targeted at liberal media and against their owners, withdrawal of advertising revenues, and appointment of compliant pro-Beijing chief editors.<a href="#cite_note-20150204fpolicy-4">[4]</a> The decline in Hong Kong's ranking on the <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> published annually by <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> has been vertiginous: it stood at 148th in 2022, having dropped 68 places from the year prior; it ranked 71st place in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-20140414wapost-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150212straitstimes-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150213ejinsight-7">[7]</a> In 2020, under the <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">Hong Kong national security law</a> enacted by the Chinese central government, the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_(Hong_Kong)" title="Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)">Commissioner of Police</a> was granted the authority to compel cooperation or the removal of content by service providers if deemed a threat to national security, while there are now prohibitions on the incitement of hatred against the government of China or Hong Kong. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Censorship_after_the_handover">Censorship after the handover</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Censorship after the handover">edit</a>]</div> Despite guarantees of free speech, public surveys in 1997 showed increasing fears of <a href="/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship">self-censorship</a> by journalists of writings critical of the Central Government,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-eroded-9">[9]</a> although a journalists indicated in a survey from the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Journalists_Association" title="Hong Kong Journalists Association">Hong Kong Journalists Association</a> that they overwhelmingly did not hesitate to publish criticisms of China, and that actual instances of direct pressure from the Chinese government to change news were very rare. Since the handover, Hong Kong newspapers (and especially English-language media) have increased their use of a self-declared editorial independence as a marketing tool towards international audiences.<a href="#cite_note-Holbig-10">[10]</a> In 1998, there was a controversy about remarks made by magazine publisher <a href="/wiki/Xu_Simin" title="Xu Simin">Xu Simin</a> alleging anti-mainland bias from the government-funded broadcaster <a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a>. Although pro-RTHK commentators saw Xu's comments as coming from Beijing, Central Government representatives distanced themselves from his comments.<a href="#cite_note-Holbig-10">[10]</a> In 2001, the HKJA expressed concerns that government's and Tung Chee-hwa's "shrill rhetoric [in vilifying Falun Gong] threatens open debate by encouraging self-censorship".<a href="#cite_note-eroded-9">[9]</a> Hong Kong's ranking on the <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> published annually by <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> was 18th in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-20140414wapost-5">[5]</a> Since then, a number of factors, particularly self-censorship, and high-profile incidents affecting the media have pointed to increasing erosion of journalists' ability to report the news in an objective manner. In 2011, Hong Kong Journalists Association Chairwoman Mak Yin-ting (Chinese: 麥燕庭) commented on self-censorship due to growing business ties between Beijing and media owners, asserting that "Now, more than half of Hong Kong media bosses or high media management have been absorbed by the Communist government... They may consider whether reporting on some issues will affect the relationship between their bosses and the government."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> That year, Hong Kong's ranking on the Press Freedom Index dropped twenty places to 54th place. In a report published alongside the index, it was noted that "arrests, assaults and harassment worsened working conditions for journalists [in Hong Kong] to an extent not seen previously, a sign of a worrying change in government policy."<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Hong Kong's ranking in the index, which stood at 61st in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-20140414wapost-5">[5]</a> gave up nine further places in the 2015 report. "Police misconduct" was cited as a factor.<a href="#cite_note-20150212straitstimes-6">[6]</a> Journalists have complained about sensitive news stories critical of the government that they have been under undisguised pressure to change or soften.<a href="#cite_note-20150204fpolicy-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150127insight-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc26478495-15">[15]</a> PEN Center believes that the controversy surrounding <a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying-UGL_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Leung Chun-ying-UGL agreement">CY Leung's dealings with UGL</a> were seriously under-reported in some media outlets.<a href="#cite_note-20150127insight-14">[14]</a> An increasing incidence of physical violence against journalists has been recorded, with the police being implicated in some of these, namely the Hong Kong Journalists Association noted that there were at least 28 attacks on journalists covering the <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella Revolution">Umbrella Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20150204fpolicy-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150117NYT-16">[16]</a> All told, the incidence of censorship, political pressure to self-censor and intimidation is increasing, according to PEN American Center, International Federation of Journalists.<a href="#cite_note-bbc26478495-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150116insight-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150117NYT-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-chinapost427507-18">[18]</a> During the two-and-a-half-month protests in 2014, the patchy coverage of events and viewpoints on traditional media turned young people to social media for news. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> described the protests as "the best-documented social movement in history, with even its quieter moments generating a maelstrom of status updates, shares and likes."<a href="#cite_note-guardian_media-19">[19]</a> People placed greater reliance on <a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">alternative media</a>, some of which were launched during the protests. Even the recently defunct <a href="/wiki/House_News" title="House News">House News</a> resurrected itself, reformatted as The House News Bloggers.<a href="#cite_note-huff6028004-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_examples">Notable examples</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable examples">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_China_Morning_Post">South China Morning Post</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: South China Morning Post">edit</a>]</div> Since Robert Kuok acquired the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a> in 1993, there have been concerns over the forced departures, in rapid succession, of several staff and contributors who were considered critical of China or its supporters in Hong Kong. Before the handover, their popular cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Larry_Feign" title="Larry Feign">Larry Feign</a>, humour columnist <a href="/wiki/Nury_Vittachi" title="Nury Vittachi">Nury Vittachi</a> were dismissed. Since 1997, there have been numerous departures of China-desk staff, namely 2000–01 editorial pages editor Danny Gittings, Beijing correspondent Jasper Becker; China pages editor Willy Lam departed after his reporting had been publicly criticised by Robert Kuok.<a href="#cite_note-eroded-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Gittings complained that he "repeatedly came under pressure to tone down coverage of politically sensitive issues".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Editor-in-Chief Wang Xiangwei was criticised for his decision to reduce the paper's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Li_Wangyang" title="Death of Li Wangyang">death of Li Wangyang</a> on 7 June 2012. Wang reportedly reversed the decision to run a full story, and instead published a two-paragraph report inside the paper; other news media reported it prominently.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> A senior staff member who sought to understand the decision circulated the resulting email exchanges, that indicate he received a stern rebuff from Wang.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Wang is mainland-born, and is a member of the Provincial Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> in Jilin; the paper has since stepped up coverage of the death and aftermath as major news stories.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Reporter Paul Mooney, whose contract with the paper was not renewed in May 2012, said that the Li Wangyang story was not an isolated incident.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apple_Daily">Apple Daily</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Apple Daily">edit</a>]</div> The liberal <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily" title="Apple Daily">Apple Daily</a> has been under sustained pressure. In 1997, reporters were denied permission to cover a Hong Kong reception organised by the Chinese Foreign Ministry due to their history of criticising China.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> It has been subjected to advertising boycotts, its reporters have been assaulted, its owner attacked, and its premises fire-bombed. Its support of the Umbrella Revolution earned it unprecedented cyber-attacks; copies of its paper have been spoilt by masked thugs.<a href="#cite_note-20140414wapost-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150204fpolicy-4">[4]</a> It suffered a physical blockade which disrupted its logistics for almost one week.<a href="#cite_note-20150204fpolicy-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150213ejinsight-7">[7]</a> On 17 June 2021, its headquarter was raided, the assets were frozen and six executives were arrested. The paper announced its closure on 23 June.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TVB">TVB</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: TVB">edit</a>]</div> Since 2009, <a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a> has drawn criticism on Internet forums for apparent pro-establishment bias. That year, its news department downgraded coverage of the <a href="/wiki/20th_anniversary_of_the_1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="20th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">20th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a>. The reporting, thought by many internet forum users as an act to gain the favour of the Central Government, was likened to <a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> and earned it the portmanteau "CCTVB".<a href="#cite_note-20150213ejinsight-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> During the 2014 protests, TVB's broadcast of footage of seven police officers beating a protester on 15 October resulted in significant internal conflict during the broadcast.<a href="#cite_note-20141016hkskenneth-33">[33]</a> The pre-dawn broadcasts soundtrack which mentioned "punching and kicking" was re-recorded to say that the officers were "suspected of using excessive force".<a href="#cite_note-scmptvbnewspolice-34">[34]</a> TVB director Keith Yuen questioned what grounds lead the footage to say "officers dragged him to a dark corner, and punched and kicked him"?<a href="#cite_note-scmptvbnewspolice-34">[34]</a> The assistant supervisor of the news-gathering team responsible for the footage was immediately demoted to Chief Researcher, a post with only a part-time subordinate.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Many journalists expressed their dissatisfaction with the handling of the broadcast, and some 80 TVB staff from all departments objecting to the handling sent a petition to management.<a href="#cite_note-20141016hkskenneth-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> After several of its reporters were assaulted by activists attending a pro-Beijing rally, over 340 station employees put their names to a petition condemning the violence. A director of production in the non-drama department ordered all petitioners to a meeting with their supervisors, where the employees were asked to remove their signature or jeopardise their year end bonuses.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In March 2015, Luk Hon-tak, former director-general of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), became the managing editor of TVB News in charge of political news stories.<a href="#cite_note-20150302ejinsight-39">[39]</a> However, in 2015, the video, entitled "Suspected Police Brutality Against Occupy Central Movement's Protester", was declared the Best TV news item at the 55th Monte Carlo TV Festival; it was praised for its "comprehensive, objective and professional" report. It also won a prize at the Edward E. Murrow Awards in the Hard News category.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CLO_interference_in_the_2012_Chief_Executive_election">CLO interference in the 2012 Chief Executive election</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: CLO interference in the 2012 Chief Executive election">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">Chief Executive elections in 2012</a>, the pro-Beijing <a href="/wiki/Ta_Kung_Pao" title="Ta Kung Pao">Ta Kung Pao</a> dedicated its entire front page on 24 March 2012 to attacking former underground communist Florence Leung, who authored a book in which she alleged CY Leung only became the Secretary General of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Consultative_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee">Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee</a> in 1985 through having been an underground Communist Party member.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-comrade20120319scmp-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-am7301-43">[43]</a> Local press avidly reported on efforts of the <a href="/wiki/Liaison_Office_of_the_Central_People%27s_Government_in_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">central government's Liaison Office</a> to rally support behind CY Leung, but said reports have been creating discomfort for officials. Albert Ho relayed complaints he has received about attempts by the Liaison Office to intimidate editors and media bosses.<a href="#cite_note-webcitation1-44">[44]</a> Media widely reported that <a href="/wiki/Richard_Li" title="Richard Li">Richard Li</a> had received calls from CLO propaganda chief Hao Tiechuan (Chinese: 郝鐵川) dissatisfied at the reporting at his <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_Journal" title="Hong Kong Economic Journal">Hong Kong Economic Journal</a> (HKEJ).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-fight20120323hks-46">[46]</a> The Hong Kong Journalists Association, which noted that the HKEJ had received complaints about its coverage from central government's liaison office, and condemned the "open violation" of the one-country two-systems principle.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) confirmed these allegations and expressed its concern.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Johnny Lau, who authored a critique of both Henry Tang and CY Leung during the Chief Executive elections for the <a href="/wiki/Sing_Pao_Daily_News" title="Sing Pao Daily News">Sing Pao Daily News</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> in which he opined that neither Tang nor Leung were worthy of support nor sympathy, saw his piece changed to endorse Leung. Ngai Kai-kwong, editor-in-chief of the journal, who denied censorship or pressure from the liaison office, instead blamed "carelessness" in editing.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commercial_Radio">Commercial Radio</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Commercial Radio">edit</a>]</div> In late 2013, as a prelude to the renewal of its broadcasting licence, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Radio_Hong_Kong" title="Commercial Radio Hong Kong">Commercial Radio Hong Kong</a> replaced outspoken critic of CY Leung who hosted an influential prime-time morning talk show. <a href="/wiki/Lee_Wai-ling" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Wai-ling">Lee Wai-ling</a>, long despised by the pro-establishment camp for her vocal criticism of the government, was abruptly shunted to a less prominent evening show. She was replaced by station chief executive himself, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Chan_Chi-wan" title="Stephen Chan Chi-wan">Stephen Chan Chi-wan</a>, who denied political motivations. However, a former media executive said that it was "an open secret" that media operators are under considerable political pressure at the time of licence renewal, and some outspoken programme hosts disliked by the government are made to leave.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On 12 February 2014, CRHK announced immediate termination of Li's employment contract, refusing to make any comment on the matter.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ming_Pao">Ming Pao</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ming Pao">edit</a>]</div> In January 2014, Kevin Lau, chief editor of the liberal <a href="/wiki/Ming_Pao" title="Ming Pao">Ming Pao</a>, was abruptly replaced by Chong Tien Siong, an inexperienced Singapore-based Malaysian journalist who, according to The Economist, is widely regarded as pro-establishment.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-26380267-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-20140226telegraph-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-20140109wsjrealtime-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-20140301economist-56">[56]</a> As a result of Lau's dismissal, thousands of people attended a protest rally.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-26380267-53">[53]</a> Lau, known for his tough reporting on China, was <a href="/wiki/Knife_attack_on_Kevin_Lau" title="Knife attack on Kevin Lau">brutally stabbed</a> on 26 February by an assailant riding pillion on a motorbike.<a href="#cite_note-20140414wapost-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> While the police suspect the attack was carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Wo_Shing_Wo" title="Wo Shing Wo">Wo Shing Wo</a> triad,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> it is widely believed to have been reprisals for his paper's investigative contribution to the <a href="/wiki/International_Consortium_of_Investigative_Journalists" title="International Consortium of Investigative Journalists">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists</a> (ICIJ) report on the offshore assets of China's leaders, including relatives of Communist Party general secretary <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, former Premier <a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a>, and several members of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20150204fpolicy-4">[4]</a> The journal came under pressure to downgrade the importance of a report on the <a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20150213ejinsight-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attack_on_University_of_Hong_Kong">Attack on University of Hong Kong</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Attack on University of Hong Kong">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a> was under attack by CY Leung, who used the occasion of his 2015 policy address to strongly criticise the students' union magazine Undergrad for publishing an essay within a recent issue in which Leung said "Hong Kong should find a way to self-reliance and self-determination". He objected to it on the grounds that "the statements, the remarks, are not in line with our constitutional status"; a book entitled Hong Kong Nationalism also came under his attack. He denied he was attacking free speech, but implied that there ought not to be such discussions on "crucial constitutional issues".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Following Leung's attack, three large bookshop chains under pro-Beijing <a href="/wiki/Sino_United_Publishing" title="Sino United Publishing">Sino United Publishing</a> delisted the title.<a href="#cite_note-scmp1732853-61">[61]</a> Wen Wei Po used the contents of a leaked University Grants Commission report in an attempt to derail the candidature of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Chan" title="Johannes Chan">Johannes Chan</a>, a prominent member of the pro-democracy movement, for pro-vice-chancellor of the university.<a href="#cite_note-20150127hks-62">[62]</a> According to an article written by Kevin Lau in Ming Pao, "parties close to the government" applied pressure on committee members behind the scenes to block Chan's appointment,<a href="#cite_note-20150213hks-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-nextmedia.com-64">[64]</a> and the finger was said to be pointed directly at the office of the Chief Executive.<a href="#cite_note-20150212ejinsight-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="RTHK">RTHK</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: RTHK">edit</a>]</div> Chan Ka-ming and <a href="/wiki/Shiu_Ka-chun" title="Shiu Ka-chun">Shiu Ka-chun</a>, two presenters of Radio Television Hong Kong whom were prominent in Umbrella Revolution were dismissed. The broadcaster denied political motives.<a href="#cite_note-time4172407-66">[66]</a> In 2020, RTHK suspended the satirical show <a href="/wiki/Headliner_(TV_programme)" title="Headliner (TV programme)">Headliner</a> after government demanded apology for "insulting" police.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In 2021, former host for Headliner Tsang Chi-ho was fired from the RTHK Radio 2 talk show.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> A few days later, a veteran journalist Allan Au was sacked from hosting a phone-in radio programme Open Line Open View.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_political_pressure">Other political pressure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other political pressure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puma_D7689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Puma_D7689.jpg/220px-Puma_D7689.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/61/Puma_D7689.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The offending Puma entry "D7689"</figcaption></figure>At a ballet premiere in November 2014, local media reported that one scene that contained images from the Cultural Revolution was cut; the production company blamed it on a "technical error".<a href="#cite_note-20140414wapost-5">[5]</a> To publicise its involvement in the 2015 Hong Kong marathon, <a href="/wiki/Puma_(brand)" title="Puma (brand)">Puma</a> posted an image of a facsimile runner's identification tag bearing the number "D7689" onto its Facebook page. One supporter of the Loving Hong Kong movement objected to the number, writing to the global CEO of the manufacturer saying that it was disrespectful to chief executive <a href="/wiki/CY_Leung" class="mw-redirect" title="CY Leung">CY Leung</a> and threatened to initiate a mass boycott of the company's sportswear.<a href="#cite_note-LTN1215780-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150126sina-71">[71]</a> The complainant explained that "689 is the code of the current CE of HKSAR well understood by HK people. D7 has the similar phonics in Cantonese as the 'F***' word".<a href="#cite_note-20150126sina-71">[71]</a> The company declared its political neutrality, and deleted the post.<a href="#cite_note-LTN1215780-70">[70]</a> Lampooning the complaint, members of the public scoured the city and found many examples of innocent occurrences of the irreverent number.<a href="#cite_note-hket529939-72">[72]</a> MTR staff were warned after one such example found, of a carriage bearing the "D689" marking, posted to their unofficial <a href="/wiki/MTR" title="MTR">MTR</a> Service Update page on Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-hket529939-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Democratic_Party_confiscations">Democratic Party confiscations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Democratic Party confiscations">edit</a>]</div> The Democratic Party saw a consignment of novelty toilet paper confiscated without reason by mainland customs. Various types of paper tissue, including 7,600 toilet rolls and 20,000 packets of tissue bearing likeness of CY Leung and destined for sale at a New Year's market were seized in Shenzhen.<a href="#cite_note-bbc31189050-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150207huffpo-75">[75]</a> Such items were hot sellers at the New Year's market a year earlier.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150207huffpo-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Up_Publications_returns_controversy">Up Publications returns controversy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Up Publications returns controversy">edit</a>]</div> In March 2015, Up Publications, a small independent publishing house, complained that it was suddenly and unexpectedly faced with a large and unexplained number of returns from the three main subsidiaries of Beijing-friendly Sino United Publishing.<a href="#cite_note-20150309ejinsight-77">[77]</a> Twenty titles were affected by the returns, to the serious detriment to the finances of Up Publications; many of the titles returned were not politically themed. The publisher was allegedly told by a bookshop source that its stance in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">2014 occupation</a> and its publishing of books supportive of the <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_Movement" title="Umbrella Movement">Umbrella Movement</a> were responsible.<a href="#cite_note-scmp1732853-61">[61]</a> Although no reason was given for the returns, two of the delisted books about the occupation were strong sellers at independent bookshops.<a href="#cite_note-scmp1732853-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-20150309ejinsight-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disappearances_at_Mighty_Current_publishing">Disappearances at Mighty Current publishing</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Disappearances at Mighty Current publishing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Causeway_Bay_Books_disappearances" title="Causeway Bay Books disappearances">Causeway Bay Books disappearances</a></div> Mighty Current, a company that publishes politically sensitive books – those critical of mainland leaders and discloses their personal secrets – and sells them at a bookstore named Causeway Bay Books, was marred by near-simultaneous disappearance in October 2015 of four people linked to it.<a href="#cite_note-ejinsight20151116-78">[78]</a> Two of the men were last seen in Shenzhen, one in Hong Kong, and one was last heard from in Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-bbc35208879-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-yahoo063100439-80">[80]</a> The news shocked the local publishing industry, and vice-chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_in_Support_of_Patriotic_Democratic_Movements_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China">Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China</a> said that it was "hard not to associate the disappearance of the four people with Beijing's suppression of banned books".<a href="#cite_note-ejinsight20151116-78">[78]</a> In December 2015, a fifth member of the company, Lee Bo, also mysteriously vanished. He was last seen at his warehouse in Chai Wan in the early evening, preparing an order he had received for several books.<a href="#cite_note-bbc35208879-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-20160102guardian-81">[81]</a> Lee Bo's wife later received a telephone call from him from a telephone number in Shenzhen, uncharacteristically speaking in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>. The fact that his <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Hong_Kong_and_Macao_Residents" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents">home return permit</a> was left at home led many fearing that he may have somehow been abducted by the mainland <a href="/wiki/Chinese_public_security_bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese public security bureau">public security bureau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">renditioned</a> to Shenzhen.<a href="#cite_note-bbc35219260-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-mingpao1451585098799-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-metrohk299289-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-nextmedia19436390-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> According to Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, the latest disappearance is linked to the imminent publication of a book on the life of <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> which includes details of his intimate life.<a href="#cite_note-bbc35219260-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-nextmedia54605856-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Gui Minhai, the first man to disappear, was ostensibly set free on 17 October 2017.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_griffths-89">[89]</a> On 19 January 2018, Gui was pulled from the train by a group of plainclothes men.<a href="#cite_note-20180122nytimes-90">[90]</a> In early February, Gui again appeared in a second confession before reporters from pro-establishment news outlets including the South China Morning Post.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Victor_Mallet_controversy">Victor Mallet controversy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Victor Mallet controversy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Mallet_visa_controversy" title="Victor Mallet visa controversy">Victor Mallet visa controversy</a></div> In August, a controversy erupted in 2018 when the FCC hosted a lunchtime talk with convenor Andy Chan on 14 August. Veteran Financial Times journalist Victor Mallet chaired the session.<a href="#cite_note-time5450061-92">[92]</a> The event was opposed by the governments of China and Hong Kong, because the issue of independence supposedly crossed one of the "bottom lines" on national sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-bbc45769811-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-scmp2168041-94">[94]</a> Upon returning to Hong Kong after a visit to Bangkok, Mallet was denied a working visa by the Hong Kong government.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Mallet was subjected to a four-hour interrogation by immigration officers on his return from Thailand on Sunday 7 October before he was finally allowed to enter Hong Kong on a seven-day tourist visa.<a href="#cite_note-scmp2172430-96">[96]</a> Mallet's visa rejection was widely seen to be retribution for his role in chairing the Andy Chan talk which the FCC refused to call off.<a href="#cite_note-time5450061-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-scmp2168041-94">[94]</a> The Hong Kong Journalists Association, which has for years lived under the pressure of self-censorship, immediately warned of the "death knell of freedom of speech".<a href="#cite_note-20181115cnn-97">[97]</a> Secretary for Security <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_(government_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lee (government official)">John Lee</a> insisted the ban on Mallet was unrelated to press freedom, but declined to explain the decision.<a href="#cite_note-scmp2172430-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bao_Choy_Convicted_for_making_false_statement">Bao Choy Convicted for making false statement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bao Choy Convicted for making false statement">edit</a>]</div> Prior to the one year anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/2019_Yuen_Long_attack" title="2019 Yuen Long attack">2019 Yuen Long attack</a>, television producer <a href="/wiki/Bao_Choy" title="Bao Choy">Bao Choy</a> led the production of the documentary 7.21 Who Owns the Truth?, which aired in the programme <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Connection" title="Hong Kong Connection">Hong Kong Connection</a> in July 2020 for public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Television Hong Kong">Radio Television Hong Kong</a>. It won two awards in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-:0-98">[98]</a> She tried to discover the owners of a few vehicles suspected of supplied weapons to the attackers who launched an indiscriminate attack on scores of people. She checked a box to declare that the vehicle registration searches were for "other traffic and transport related matters". Other options available when accessing the database are "legal proceedings" and "sale and purchase of vehicle". Previously, however, journalists had been able to declare that their searches were for "other purposes". Choy was arrested on 3 November 2020, and her home in <a href="/wiki/Mei_Foo_Sun_Chuen" title="Mei Foo Sun Chuen">Mei Foo</a> was searched by police.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> She was found guilty and given a HKD$6,000 penalty.<a href="#cite_note-:0-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pulling_books_from_public_libraries">Pulling books from public libraries</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pulling books from public libraries">edit</a>]</div> In 2018, Children's books with LGBTQ themes have been moved to the "closed stacks" of Hong Kong's public libraries due to pressure from anti-gay-rights group.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Books written by pro-democracy activists such as <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Joshua Wong</a> and lawmaker <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Chan" title="Tanya Chan">Tanya Chan</a> disappeared a few days after national security law had been imposed in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Leisure_and_Cultural_Services_Department" title="Leisure and Cultural Services Department">Leisure and Cultural Services Department</a> confirmed that they have suspended services relating to the nine books, saying the move was to "avoid breaking the law." This time book written by Chinese-American writer and activist <a href="/wiki/Yu_Jie" title="Yu Jie">Yu Jie</a> and Chinese dissident writer <a href="/wiki/Liao_Yiwu" title="Liao Yiwu">Liao Yiwu</a> were removed. Hong Kong Nationalism written by Undergrad, the editorial board of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong University">Hong Kong University</a> Students’ Union was also no longer available.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong_national_security_law">Hong Kong national security law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hong Kong national security law">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a></div> In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">Hong Kong national security law</a> was enacted by the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Among its provisions, it was made illegal to incite hatred of the <a href="/wiki/Central_government_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Central government of China">Chinese central government</a> and Hong Kong government, and the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_(Hong_Kong)" title="Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)">Commissioner of Police</a> has the authority to control the dissemination of online content where there is "reasonable grounds" that there is a threat to national security, including compelling service providers to cooperate in investigations (including providing access to IP addresses or mobile phone numbers of users, and decrypting information), order the removal of such content, or restrict access to the platform. These laws are also asserted to be extraterritorial.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> After the law took effect, reports emerged that books containing <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">pro-democracy</a> materials were being pulled from libraries (even if they were written before the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">current anti-extradition movement</a>) to assess their contents' compliance with the law. Joshua Wong — whose writings have been among those targeted by these actions – argued that the bill had imposed a "mainland-style censorship regime" on Hong Kong. As a voluntary measure to avoid the use of anti-government subversions made illegal by the law, some protesters began to use deliberately blank signs as a symbol.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">FT</a> wrote that "China’s imposition of a national security law aimed at quashing political protests in the territory has also sent a chill through Hong Kong’s once vibrant publishing and media industry."<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_censorship">Internet censorship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Internet censorship">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Internet censorship in Hong Kong</a></div> Since the commencement of the Hong Kong national security law, the Hong Kong government has blocked access to at least one pro-democracy site.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_censorship">Film censorship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film censorship">edit</a>]</div> Before 1997, colonial HK was not free from British colonial film censorship. Censors changed their strategy in the 1970s and 80s from suppressing mainland Chinese films representing revolutionary China during the Cold War to inhibiting films that might offend China from screening in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In June 2021, the Hong Kong Film Censorship Authority introduced a policy to stay "vigilant to the portrayal, depiction or treatment of any act or activity which may amount to an offence endangering national security".<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/48px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/64px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/32px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/48px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/64px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="288" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Freedom_of_speech" title="Portal:Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Hong_Kong" title="Separation of powers in Hong Kong">Separation of powers in Hong Kong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Lee Chin-Chuan (1997). "Media Structure and Regime Change in Hong Kong", The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration with China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 160–161. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928131256/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_3.html">"Basic Law Full Text – chapter (3)"</a>. Government of Hong Kong. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_3.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Law+Full+Text+%E2%80%93+chapter+%283%29&rft.pub=Government+of+Hong+Kong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.basiclaw.gov.hk%2Fen%2Fbasiclawtext%2Fchapter_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensorship+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524114616/http://www.hkhrm.org.hk/english/law/eng_boro2.html">"Hong Kong Bill of Rights"</a>. hkhrm.org.hk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkhrm.org.hk/english/law/eng_boro2.html">the original</a> on 24 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+Bill+of+Rights&rft.pub=hkhrm.org.hk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkhrm.org.hk%2Fenglish%2Flaw%2Feng_boro2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensorship+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20150204fpolicy-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-20150204fpolicy_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20150204fpolicy_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20150204fpolicy_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20150204fpolicy_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20150204fpolicy_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20150204fpolicy_4-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/04/closing-a-vital-window-into-china-press-freedom-hong-kong/">"Closing a Vital Window into China"</a>. 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China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Censorship in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Censorship_in_China41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship_in_China" title="Book censorship in China">Book censorship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_books_and_burying_of_scholars" title="Burning of books and burying of scholars">Burning of books and burying of scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship_in_China#List_of_censored_books" title="Book censorship in China">List of censored books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_inquisition" title="Literary inquisition">Literary inquisition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Film_censorship_in_China" title="Film censorship in China">Film censorship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_censorship_in_China" title="Blood censorship in China">Censorship of displaying blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_banned_in_China" title="List of films banned in China">List of banned films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Winnie-the-Pooh_in_China" title="Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh in China">Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemisms_for_Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Euphemisms for Internet censorship in China">Euphemisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Dam_Youth_Escort" title="Green Dam Youth Escort">Green Dam Youth Escort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Shield_Project" title="Golden Shield Project">Golden Shield Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_real-name_system_in_China" title="Internet real-name system in China">Internet real-name system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingwang_Weishi" title="Jingwang Weishi">Jingwang Weishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_mainland_China" title="List of websites blocked in mainland China">List of blocked websites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_China" title="Google China">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Illegal_flower_tribute" title="Illegal flower tribute">Illegal flower tribute</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_censorship_in_mainland_China" title="Wikimedia censorship in mainland China">Wikimedia projects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Pledge_on_Self-Discipline_for_the_Chinese_Internet_Industry" title="Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry">Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_geographic_data_in_China" title="Restrictions on geographic data in China">Restrictions on geographic data</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_censorship_abroad" title="Chinese censorship abroad">Censorship abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_censorship_in_China" title="Music censorship in China">Music censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China" title="Radio jamming in China">Radio jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_programme_censorship_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Television programme censorship in the People's Republic of China">Television programme censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_media_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Internal media of the Chinese Communist Party">Internal media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Southern_Weekly_incident" title="2013 Southern Weekly incident">2013 Southern Weekly incident</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Band_in_China" title="Band in China">Band in China</a>"</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Censorship in Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_media_due_to_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct media due to Hong Kong national security law">Press Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Number_Nine" title="Document Number Nine">Document Number Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan_(1945-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Taiwan (1945-present)">History of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Party_media_takes_the_party%27s_last_name" title="Party media takes the party's last name">Party media takes the party's last name</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenced:_China%27s_Great_Wall_of_Censorship" title="Silenced: China's Great Wall of Censorship">Silenced: China's Great Wall of Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Ts" title="The Three Ts">The Three Ts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&oldid=1267416353">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Hong_Kong&oldid=1267416353</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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