CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "subs.ft.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e93c72c1d86a8ea',cH: 'vaQn02QNkyfhsrMkRlsVbTJ6VVVLgT6fWVsOnhpfgE8-1732727912-1.2.1.1-WDCzAwDIKlHQPcIIGcPT.Y73ZC5NHexE2yjbCeG_E7F_UpdIaErcxFIijtcZ9TPS',cUPMDTk: "\/products?segmentId=4526c036-7527-ab37-9a29-0b0403fa0b5f&__cf_chl_tk=kCv_I34zz3QwvO9GuNXzPKhIrKTq.oB8Y79kQJfjH2I-1732727912-1.0.1.1-Cvy33Xxi4zuVV9LCQW_6GUlSdQ1jaXTCZsLF7lBO4EY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732727912',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/products?segmentId=4526c036-7527-ab37-9a29-0b0403fa0b5f&__cf_chl_f_tk=kCv_I34zz3QwvO9GuNXzPKhIrKTq.oB8Y79kQJfjH2I-1732727912-1.0.1.1-Cvy33Xxi4zuVV9LCQW_6GUlSdQ1jaXTCZsLF7lBO4EY",md: "TF4oFX6fdYAELN37wntvnZUF80LPE_JgE.7uSu8Bojo-1732727912-1.2.1.1-GgBPzaEnvGdwWrQg4Lh3olF3O4H039hnUfpLsMfeQyBqudfKqr0ZpzSK5G.3imOUPrBjvwLhgHrlVd5T_wtGPQvwPIf46v9uPyJX0qT4OHlcqZOuMxsFb5v8HhjFJaA_Ttjmy6DRgA9Xp6to3McV_j_bgLj5nnZWF5Kp3k4HOzOhv.fBSXQVkZtyxWAGwtUOoLAlv.bKgJDzF5PJOcSmPaa..YznWX_.vKikroCo7osiMdnfUJu7_TXWiN.OXrVwjVwFB.Ch44NdPUnUEooE7Xnh5Uy5qRduW6NNc3uBI1VSAtaojctDVBhIuz78pgM5hXhDKJUx74FcGYVafWhbwzO11Jmnm0_uyLD9Lo0asD6ihMGtCOu07SMtluQNTD4pIuxIf64mznU5JAd402N7v1G.8kPsxaJoY1EImHKh_S8Xpbt2Inxtrsyg9ayKyMY.paVeTPJKCwsSs5MEECh1ShaTpGne3qRyav3RiaJIHhjhJbUPc7.88cS9p6mHCFQVCg_qD.D2uDQ.KJl4dx.eh0F2doewyVmMwp2Xfr62eqRT06RMHhZW0vXAPttdB1GY5Y2RfB3BpdFQLGMPlM8a0A.mXX5CPzq84EAKgB.P9gMgfaXexGFkopsj_0sdCq8gLM1an6_9WLngtJn0YIExaDzDcSQjtgD1aVIXAvCYR8Q8Y9dWk4F5jd5tAFcTc1v0R71cB..bPOVqwuj2j4.qiV7mvmcfY_1XsJziVfGXtCPjRzBVze4znqiHXOpCOnM9FvA3LI7dmaz51VUtR0kPTIlyYQUFBXN.H29SwroIY57atQjwc_Xmk8.CVve2goCKihzvfIqX7mSp9wKWN.2V_BRoYazDL6cAh6Z2SQATTVgq7GmxhiMwk9uNNWPOIX08qFP09bU3v.HXrSvUe8Tbo73KCSJoF25f__xati9YsPt41jPmzxFwMYmFNZYm6wF1aS8dn_s3DI8YYR2FA5g7_muKy9tLroH4HOue8XcyjGLo73Gpwj0ZzCRRSl0zeT3aiqbq4mJKnrX5QpUR6xd13K.OX0xAkSSiVmDGHksQvu2NYqDHWZhkSn91g8v.kKqc2LW.cgzT7_YV03hCaTCrX.tTVM.aqlvPR2hkT2_R1Go2FkbPrf.DWZkoWRBR7V_G1vdlydE6zkg_MJ.Z_m_aBc8MGciDBMiWXFPy8l.n7CGETMzW3Eo_MeumXDeNN55kSdEet3XOk7rky2C8wawO18NtYtZFa1WvhvS10Vzo8btq6_.skla8SmbUFzS0JphNLoHNre.7v_6mT8cdhC1zMz8hYXVIL3_099OWpaQ0SBW1QSTLbqr8TdMlbWHDJ3KynR2kUK7yqBcM73c4_Q__dZ06O9ipAAa1WcRpnOg_lzSy9CjlcGgOCYq2khWzQfwbXDuokRL_jlGFfYgNl5mzSW6BKURx.2ioBPUCyfTnzDozfh1lp.k7ydpiDFJ78I_Md9sh_oetX3z9SJ4LVUrqHBMT5UraMLZ0lA3VgCP5fb3oCWIV2ki3q46SI2.EZo4U7lSNDQg6eiaS2siaWDT3uuf9UGQ43kmxAnkGuUyq2bHF_08OzOzBrQACnRs83b.X0dq4S3KnzYB.QB1NftadptK715fx1Xs24ZLmvUbolHhhpOiVTzU1jvzE0HN2n.Nv2TXTpIELz28UhFeLZu8VOF7c4XK9IoHoOXC3w6kCC5g7B55ymfsQHwEwK6_tR20r1vrjk.vm7C1mRF5r4w3cmcokd_UyHdB0npLAm7XuVXCyKmYgnDxpHlgrGz5nyYQ63gcgMZ7FyOnd3xnOrOSX.aRQ0l_KEnzC2vhU6ZHUsJHXS4Sg0YoYuQeQ0RnCaNz4pNVMDDGrF9nWmjdcKGNyR42y5o5S1q.AxdcbPGsRbfptN2yZK1LoGRYPUQwVLvYo.EIMRWR9DyXBXX_tDeUHXqtDV1e.iadaxUjUsNwyo5agVYzvv5sle_8DEPED8xlb3Y4qjZCE1RKaIFAje3.YJLWyUNA10ZIs14kIxRd4tgF_d.CXaczRf94D5a6Ztc5gA3YpNfiMMDShnl1bsFPr0qhqKwqOsMPHnOC6pJawEUzIUdmFDjLe23AUrNOl0bBsy6C_r7lKFW2Q5B3migVzeSOebSHOu3gYG.isLBnQpy8pqzFzIsNy6AyoFpICpqtyCSgr75tLlJW7en6z.dTwZmtJ60zVHHQ.UC.D7ZqNTmLs1JXsScBmICrePrMCKpK.4Y54BmfiriFt01tdFvYJlwOCw6.I0rIyRqvSwTdgxRJs7DRSJp1Vjk4nI5tvXe6An_EER22jMmSaTILOUJbqmY8XoUBTAYUcQ2pr7JxYxZHm.BkJ514AlXDuBkBXzy4K5iJ4iYj3jCyyMRegv3XC0BMl2mRNg0RUbhfcNSAEbxQDySJARrUMVUrzN2bISdXXYpwM6TFOYistbwQMk9QoGEgEdRrxexH3OSz_YhUiNNighcW_hNpYEjDCCaXswUh.1iqsXNTKKNBH25wkqprDqcSwxqHIIxJj374f.QkNMTaNBuC0Q_hOCb5hRc5dJbaZrWMGzh3N1q7.Cwt3_s41AOvqM6FxCAGgep71hemyJRSTnLD_y6JSavyIWzPbRg9np4DD2vleTwp8yKD2_IlbN_zONeEiwe_UnCcIvr348EDFiNDKMogVS2iM0GYR33WeHciwz2uy6QcDZ2uCAEFkzipd3hokFtYwQJOy5Rg0fFm4xxb.VsJ14rrUZZimmpeuiZFt_VHX9SGkYfWSmvtD92LeIb_5xSLJMtJHkvQ6O.M.bSGKWPmRS495fzhUEUgbvnArr_TrqwkIR.S6E0ca9pP32H2pbDCR0dwrje.Pv5Nto1vRTkXTbm5SCMfsxx0kVoCmnyKsywuDtkTddJXCAyp8SwFwXY3MWwL6klr.xjrg3k9c.tpYvhiUz6xZtF0i7aWj.cKZl2GNpm7e17_k3Q08_8AWX8JM5WJxzhwiC1yEKOqU.q5dt5uacR6P4nmvmCbmUhR05gefMNY8jEPdkg",mdrd: "8t12zqImqGoUPVe8DdUwGEKuCSObnbY0cTVlZzSjMqM-1732727912-1.2.1.1-09OohAy6AD7tsgGsWyj7ufEejj9va55cM7KFO7Z4M.7xxgzb8G5BivxfgFkRo6N8uCCI2AA8o3BNmMoXYCS.skoQUbD3PyHgJMJQ2q26JOISLaZ6s_y84zrZJvtcEtzO_a7nP8Rqcg5CH3SopaSvb_qoEuBkbMsokdtLiAFbJP37PTfJo4Gg8SKrqdP2xB3SK_.O5KPRPyuybdz9AzJUud975QdVromqCWF9rHmnjkJ4rZ3vcn3UO70boVAJTvrKPO1crv72_ZNO2S_EvNiS7KY1sDOu6AbQeBDM0A68IpoToDdY1D5roiATORmxODatrCdVjJRj0sEJlwMfMQhc1qhP1WxKpOjr4GG196NBbgf_53g9fcuhECiTc51k0A7HWeYQrpgAKjxetMUNsnjH28etm9yMZVpumsuvGJjxJGd6Var02tpnB_2pyOKOVegASgY9hVR4Upt8b2rZKSgXlsujOqeK6AbDeCKhZzTOFNYsoJlAyNLyUkXCORPvvFQX8G0C2UsWoO91EX2ZCUsWN1A9cPj3C8Y1IV_quODp70w8BtSTJ23skJEVmH08flM7ll_Nh.R0cTpjUbzLhbFzb1fv6qJBmnudFbnWV.wjNH726eFeEI8DAHaGv5FfmJ2N.Yf8An4W9JD8ikOacTHBvFAVZTUVFKmKV7MOQrx8fiLJgCl3Ai5rffnjkoCB2MmxMftD.IbA.5TzSL5x8p2_hd6du1Ykv1TfzHoAQqhbri_Nz7PWLUGpB3oUCN73B4y6NQSEpgTW7esb8ncshHYAQI1pZ3UyyCQNAr2YINAIl8yuF_EivvYacUX2q_7Q54ZU0dbjgYlxuG7H35GeS41szEzHMLBp2MHCeGVsPJGAKBraCBwG4rpDS1x9e0a38g3tKfhdNsv4rP9eFh8RqYS5yVvWXgQ8jnpxGCQ6vh8r9iSMEgNojH_b8.XDCPettyz0hLl4Fq2EG2FiNnUFdZxerbtUZ89eAn7Je6Hf91iwJjoRsDXSzU9xSecmqeilzo1Or3cC0AxFO5ZqxRfokA6WgeKlUQIlUO5T7UQ4QOpPCh.N7y0EnURItZCO4k3OHpOxEJjs_3ndzy4DpowYY8QBmXbkmixjZBy3f1awGGNOiXHmvYTLxiCLHuRiMBEyHOuH5rpZoF1nVLXLMR1yS39LVrGVNE4RButOuta7JLWSQR.c8Gp_4GqxTKXYqg.Uhr6jI7fGYeDBor5L1TAr95BmDFc4UQEO_sx9rrUnjo_zdPJewTU6MZBjQQKm3TLpiIzEo_ozqbiAZB1vz6m_AlHRm78Lp7ufrCO6LzLnP7upA09.pUE4H_O.PqHH2hWlXQlN8IEZgAOAHEmEbrR9K9opvOix.6frSjZ_aU2HOoWgBLpDwr02yF3OlCRup49j90eduGXjC52bTTaH8V84YM5xnO2Plg5FFMauMzTl04uD0bG6FQ8Zk84jB79uPp7maoBFZm3.sUhjMfoVSrluOxW26YhUifCLec05zLlVJa5x0G244wVS51T6txAx5qDojfIce9WvKv.4msYZhsNimAOjNAIBEPWODXZXAZyEOAZDddpJNGXCjbGvCSqwJKDw4Z2cgNBynafdwwsorONP3JALuLhN7mRgRqm89p9BEz3jpzEy9W.lhLK0TxD4UUT8DEt3RBoRl1yiZlGZ1bfylVRQ_mjyp6_84_hRIYVXP_jtBWei2EEODplIQ5WV_5GQMuSaehGYHYOoWJEFRhGnD4q2e0mzhQIVhZWkWOypEgL5C8sc_zUxTrL7awFceo14M3xRbU7L17X8Mn0VOyHMLAJGJ0W5lTUIhPX0mhLn7JD5Q7P8n8FLXJdWRw.k2Au5Ya8nEXQgfH8QpZzfPT2XW9Dg._jyRGYovOujysTatsYBtsP8hWvcMhbAWD.vJQ_NAlcFv1rIvmm2AnoCJYuZBLsHTxXR7jQsfp.4lIqDS5R_oxrZD_R_sr6zbMAVyjcnRrBr"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e93c72c1d86a8ea';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/products?segmentId=4526c036-7527-ab37-9a29-0b0403fa0b5f&__cf_chl_rt_tk=kCv_I34zz3QwvO9GuNXzPKhIrKTq.oB8Y79kQJfjH2I-1732727912-1.0.1.1-Cvy33Xxi4zuVV9LCQW_6GUlSdQ1jaXTCZsLF7lBO4EY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>