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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Y%C3%A9men-105.JPG/510px-Y%C3%A9men-105.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Y%C3%A9men-105.JPG/680px-Y%C3%A9men-105.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;">Salt mine near <a href="/wiki/Shabwa" title="Shabwa">Shabwa</a>, Yemen</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>mining industry of Yemen</b> is at present dominated by fossil mineral of petroleum and <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> (LNG), and to a limited extent by extraction of dimension stone, gypsum, and refined petroleum. Reserves of metals like cobalt, copper, gold, iron ore, nickel, niobium, platinum-group metals, silver, tantalum, and zinc are awaiting exploration. Industrial minerals with identified reserves include black sands with ilmenite, monazite, rutile, and zirconium, celestine, clays, dimension stone, dolomite, feldspar, fluorite, gypsum, limestone, magnesite, perlite, pure limestone, quartz, salt, sandstone, scoria, talc, and zeolites; some of these are under exploitation. </p><p>Crude oil and natural gas reserves amounted to 3.0 billion barrels and 479 billion cubic meters. The slow progress in the mineral sector is on account of the security situation caused by <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)">civil strife</a> and political uncertainty in the country which has been a deterrent for private companies to operate.<sup id="cite_ref-Taib_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010 the mineral industry's contribution to the country's GDP was 13.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yemen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mining for gold by <a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaeans</a>, which is now Yemen, is ancient history when a large number of gold mines existed. It is said that many of their palaces and temples were decorated with doors, ceilings and walls with gold, silver and gemstones. These old mines exist. In recent explorations carried out by the Geological Survey & Mineral Resources Board and Foreign Companies some of these mines have been identified.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_impact">Production and impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yemen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production and impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salt_pits_(6408181859).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salt_pits_%286408181859%29.jpg/220px-Salt_pits_%286408181859%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salt_pits_%286408181859%29.jpg/330px-Salt_pits_%286408181859%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salt_pits_%286408181859%29.jpg/440px-Salt_pits_%286408181859%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption>Salt pits in <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a>, Yemen</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sana'a and Thammar Provinces had 819 active mining sites, as of 2013, and produced 2 million tons of building materials and 1,000 tons of some industrial minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-Taib_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fossil fuel sector, out of 105 concession blocks awarded, 13 blocks were exploited as of 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Taib_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Export of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> accounted for 25% of the GDP growth providing revenue worth 70% to the government in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stone, gypsum, refined petroleum products, and salt have been produced during 2013. Also, in 2013, natural gas production, mostly exported as LNG, was of the order of 10.3 billion cubic meters.<sup id="cite_ref-Taib_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_framework">Legal framework</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yemen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Earlier legal framework in mining sector consisted of basically the Mines & Quarries Law (No. 24 of 2002), Executive Regulations (Prime Minister's Decree No. 101 of 2007) and the Financial Regulations (Prime Minister's Decree No. 101 of 2007), which have been strengthened with new laws.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mineral exploration and production operations are defined now by Mines and Quarries Law No. 22 of 2010 under Article 8 of Yemen's Constitution. This law, which was initially approved by the Government in 2010, received consent of the Parliament on 16 December 2011. The law provides for regulations related to prospecting, exploration, and mining operations including <a href="/wiki/Artisanal_mining" title="Artisanal mining">artisanal mining</a>. Provisions in the law include royalty rates, income tax, limits on prospecting permits, and quarrying permits. The Ministry of Mines, through its Yemen Geological Survey and Mineral Resources Board (YGSMRB), is responsible for mineral production.<sup id="cite_ref-Taib_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commodities">Commodities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yemen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commodities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cobalt, copper, nickel reserves are found in three locations in the Al Masna’a, the <a href="/wiki/Suwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwar">Suwar</a>, and the Wadi Qutabah in northeastern Yemen. Gold and silver have been identified in 40 locations and their extraction is now awaiting proposals under foreign investment; Al Hariqah gold deposit in northwest of Sana’a is a significant resource. Gold deposits exist in the Medden area, which is said to be the largest with a reserve of 678,000 tons where the average yield of 15 grams of gold and 11 grams of silver are estimated.<sup id="cite_ref-Taib_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine locations have been identified for mining of iron oxide, pigments and titanium; these are in the Mkiras region and in Um Halwal (Majil). The Jabali zinc and silver mine, to the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a>, has reserves of 12.6 million tons of oxide resources, though awarded for extraction, was under hibernation. Niobium and tantalum deposits are in <a href="/wiki/Shabwah_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabwah Province">Shabwah Province</a> in southern Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-Taib_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yemen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Taib-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taib_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taib_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taib_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taib_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taib_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taib_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taib_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaib2013" class="citation web cs1">Taib, mowafa (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2013/myb3-2013-ym.pdf">"2013 Minerals Yearbook Yemen [Advance Release]:The Mineral Industry Of Yemen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Minerals+Yearbook+Yemen+%5BAdvance+Release%5D%3AThe+Mineral+Industry+Of+Yemen&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior+U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Taib&rft.aufirst=mowafa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcountry%2F2013%2Fmyb3-2013-ym.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMining+industry+of+Yemen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2015" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, P. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen%3A+Mining%2C+Minerals+and+Fuel+Resources&rft.pub=azomining.com&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azomining.com%2FArticle.aspx%3FArticleID%3D119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMining+industry+of+Yemen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2010/myb3-2010-ym.pdf">"2010 Minerals Yearbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey. August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Minerals+Yearbook&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior+U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2012-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcountry%2F2010%2Fmyb3-2010-ym.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMining+industry+of+Yemen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091025115321/http://www.yemenembassy.org/economic/MiningCompaniesYemen.pdf">"Mining Companies in Yemen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Yemen Embassy Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yemenembassy.org/economic/MiningCompaniesYemen.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> on 25 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mining+Companies+in+Yemen&rft.pub=Yemen+Embassy+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yemenembassy.org%2Feconomic%2FMiningCompaniesYemen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMining+industry+of+Yemen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dlapiper.com/~/media/Files/Insights/Publications/2012/09/Mining%20in%20Africa%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%20A%20Legal%20Ove__/Files/miningafricamiddleeast/FileAttachment/miningafricamiddleeast.pdf">"Mining in Africa and The Middle East:A Legal Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mining+in+Africa+and+The+Middle+East%3AA+Legal+Overview&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=DLA+Piper+Global+Law+Firm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlapiper.com%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FInsights%2FPublications%2F2012%2F09%2FMining%2520in%2520Africa%2520and%2520the%2520Middle%2520East%2520A%2520Legal%2520Ove__%2FFiles%2Fminingafricamiddleeast%2FFileAttachment%2Fminingafricamiddleeast.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMining+industry+of+Yemen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yemen&oldid=1228129233">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yemen&oldid=1228129233</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Yemen" title="Category:Economy of Yemen">Economy of Yemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Asia" title="Category:Mining in Asia">Mining in Asia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 June 2024, at 16:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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