CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rho - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c28d21bd-bc1b-4101-b28b-83f4481bdb03","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rho","wgTitle":"Rho","wgCurRevisionId":1282618464,"wgRevisionId":1282618464,"wgArticleId":421440,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing Greek-language text","Pages with Greek IPA","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025","Greek letters"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Rho","wgRelevantArticleId":421440,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q14412","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rho - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rho rootpage-Rho skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rho" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rho" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rho" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rho" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Other alphabets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics_and_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics_and_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mathematics and science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics_and_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chi_Rho_(☧)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chi_Rho_(☧)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Chi Rho (☧)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chi_Rho_(☧)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rho_with_stroke_(ϼ)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rho_with_stroke_(ϼ)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Rho with stroke (ϼ)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rho_with_stroke_(ϼ)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rho</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_(letter)" title="Rho (letter) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rho (letter)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88_(%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81)" title="رو (حرف) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رو (حرف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="রো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Ро (літара) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ро (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Ро (літара) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ро (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE" title="Ро – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="རོའུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རོའུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_(lizherenn)" title="Rho (lizherenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rho (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro" title="Ro – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3" title="Ró – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ró" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_(llythyren)" title="Rho (llythyren) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rho (llythyren)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_(bogstav)" title="Rho (bogstav) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rho (bogstav)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roo" title="Roo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89" title="Ρω – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρω" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roto_(litero)" title="Roto (litero) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roto (litero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro_(hizkia)" title="Ro (hizkia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ro (hizkia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88" title="رو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rh%C3%B4" title="Rhô – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhô" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3" title="Ró – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ró" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8_(%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC)" title="Ռո (տառ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռո (տառ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro" title="Ro – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ro" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro_(huruf_Yunani)" title="Ro (huruf Yunani) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ro (huruf Yunani)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hr%C3%B3" title="Hró – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hró" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_(lettera)" title="Rho (lettera) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rho (lettera)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95" title="רו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D)" title="რო (ასო) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რო (ასო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE" title="Ро – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ро" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro" title="Ro – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ro" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE_(%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84)" title="Ро (гьарф) – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ро (гьарф)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro_(raid%C4%97)" title="Ro (raidė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ro (raidė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3" title="Ró – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ró" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B_(%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="റോ (അക്ഷരം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോ (അക്ഷരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="रो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro_(huruf)" title="Ro (huruf) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ro (huruf)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_(letter)" title="Rho (letter) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rho (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2" title="Rò – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rò" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B" title="ਰੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_(litera)" title="Rho (litera) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rho (litera)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro_(liter%C4%83)" title="Ro (literă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ro (literă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Ро (буква) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ро (буква)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="रो – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3_(gr%C3%A9cke_p%C3%ADsmeno)" title="Ró (grécke písmeno) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ró (grécke písmeno)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro" title="Ro – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="ڕۆ (پیت) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆ (پیت)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Ро (слово) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ро (слово)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro" title="Ro – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ro" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhoo" title="Rhoo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rhoo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B" title="ரோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3" title="โร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro" title="Ro – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ro" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Ро (літера) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ро (літера)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro" title="Ro – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ro" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho" title="Rho – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rho" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" title="Ρ – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ρ" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14412#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rho" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rho" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rho"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rho"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Rho" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Rho" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&oldid=1282618464" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Rho&id=1282618464&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRho"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRho"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rho&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14412" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rho_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rho (disambiguation)">Rho (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> or <a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Er</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238568095">.mw-parser-output .greek-alphabet-sidebar{width:auto}.mw-parser-output .greek-alphabet-sidebar .sidebar-top-image{padding:1.0em 0}.mw-parser-output .greek-alphabet-sidebar .sidebar-title{background:#ccf;font-size:150%;padding:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .greek-alphabet-sidebar .sidebar-heading{background:#ddddff}.mw-parser-output .greek-alphabet-sidebar .sidebar-content{padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em}.mw-parser-output .greek-alphabet-sidebar .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks greek-alphabet-sidebar" style="width:20em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rho_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rho_uc_lc.svg/120px-Rho_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rho_uc_lc.svg/250px-Rho_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;margin-left:0.7em;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Αα</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">Alpha</a></td><td> Νν</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Nu_(letter)" title="Nu (letter)">Nu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ββ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Beta" title="Beta">Beta</a></td><td> Ξξ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Xi_(letter)" title="Xi (letter)">Xi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Γγ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">Gamma</a></td><td> Οο</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">Omicron</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Δδ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Delta_(letter)" title="Delta (letter)">Delta</a></td><td> Ππ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">Pi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Εε</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">Epsilon</a></td><td> Ρρ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rho</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ζζ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Zeta" title="Zeta">Zeta</a></td><td> Σσς</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma">Sigma</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ηη</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">Eta</a></td><td> Ττ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">Tau</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Θθ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">Theta</a></td><td> Υυ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">Upsilon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ιι</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Iota" title="Iota">Iota</a></td><td> Φφ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Phi" title="Phi">Phi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Κκ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa">Kappa</a></td><td> Χχ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">Chi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Λλ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">Lambda</a></td><td> Ψψ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Psi_(Greek)" title="Psi (Greek)">Psi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Μμ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Mu_(letter)" title="Mu (letter)">Mu</a></td><td> Ωω</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">Omega</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.1em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets"><b>Archaic local variants</b></a></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;margin-left:0.7em;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ϝϝ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">Digamma</a></td><td> Ͱͱ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Heta" title="Heta">Heta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ϻϻ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/San_(letter)" title="San (letter)">San</a></td><td> Ϙϙ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)">Koppa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> Ͷͷ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsan">Tsan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Digamma#Pamphylian_digamma" title="Digamma">Digamma</a></li></ul></div></td><td> Ͳͳ</td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sampi" title="Sampi">Sampi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>Ϸϸ</td><td style="padding-right:1.0em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sho_(letter)" title="Sho (letter)">Sho</a></td><td></td><td style="padding-right:0.6em;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Diacritics and other symbols</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; padding-top:0.3em;line-height:1.1em;padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Diacritics</a></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">ά</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">ὰ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">ᾶ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_breathing" title="Smooth breathing">ἀ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rough_breathing" title="Rough breathing">ἁ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">ᾱ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">ᾰ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">ϊ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iota_subscript" title="Iota subscript">ᾳ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Caron" title="Caron">σ̌</a></li></ul></div> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; padding-top:0.3em;line-height:1.1em;padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_ligatures" title="Greek ligatures">Ligatures</a></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Ou_(ligature)" title="Ou (ligature)">ȢȢ</a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Kai_(conjunction)" title="Kai (conjunction)">Ϗϗ</a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Stigma_(ligature)" title="Stigma (ligature)">Ϛϛ</a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Staurogram" title="Staurogram">⳨</a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">☧</a></li></ul></div> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; padding-top:0.3em;line-height:1.1em;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Numerals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic</a>)</div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">ϛ <span style="font-size: 85%;">(6)</span></a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)">ϟ <span style="font-size: 85%;">(90)</span></a></li><li style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Sampi" title="Sampi">ϡ <span style="font-size: 85%;">(900)</span></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering" title="Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering">Use as scientific symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_orthography" title="Greek orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Greek" title="Cyrillization of Greek">Cyrillization</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_letters" title="Category:Greek letters">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template:Greek alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template talk:Greek alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_alphabet_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rho</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d7\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Rho.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Rho.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Rho.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Rho.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Rho.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Flame,_not_lame-Rho.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Rho.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; uppercase <b>Ρ</b>, lowercase <b>ρ</b> or <b>ϱ</b>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ρο</span> or <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">ρω</span></span>) is the seventeenth letter of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a>. In the system of <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a> it has a value of 100. It is derived from <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician letter</a> <a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">res</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_res.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Phoenician_res.svg/20px-Phoenician_res.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Phoenician_res.svg/40px-Phoenician_res.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span>. Its uppercase form uses the same <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyph</a>, Ρ, as the distinct <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> letter <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a>; the two letters have <a href="#Character_encodings">different Unicode encodings</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/220px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/330px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/440px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>The Greek alphabet on a <a href="/wiki/Black_figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Black figure">black figure</a> vessel, with an R-shaped rho.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek">Greek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rho is classed as a <a href="/wiki/Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">liquid consonant</a> (together with <a href="/wiki/Lambda_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambda (letter)">Lambda</a> and sometimes the nasals <a href="/wiki/Mu_(letter)" title="Mu (letter)">Mu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nu_(letter)" title="Nu (letter)">Nu</a>), which has important implications for <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a>. In both <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a>, it represents an <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">alveolar trill</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[r]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar tap">alveolar tap</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ɾ]</a></span>, or <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar approximant">alveolar approximant</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ɹ]</a></span>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Polytonic_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytonic orthography">polytonic orthography</a>, a rho at the beginning of a word is almost always written ⟨<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῥ</span></span>⟩ (<i>rh</i>) with a <a href="/wiki/Rough_breathing" title="Rough breathing">rough breathing</a> mark, indicating that it is <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless consonant">voiceless</a>. Very rarely, it is written ⟨<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῤ</span></span>⟩ (<i>r</i>) with a <a href="/wiki/Smooth_breathing" title="Smooth breathing">smooth breathing</a> mark, indicating that it is <a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced</a>, instead. Rho is not written with breathing marks at any other place in a word, where it is always voiced, with the exception of double rho, which was traditionally written ⟨<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῤῥ</span></span>⟩ (<i>rrh</i>), with a smooth breathing mark over the first rho, and a rough breathing mark over the second, representing a <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">geminated</a> voiceless consonant. However, this practice fell out of use over the 19th century in favour of ⟨<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ρρ</span></span>⟩, since double rho cannot take any other combination of breathing marks. Various Greek-derived English words containing <i>rh</i> and <i>rrh</i> derive from words containing ⟨<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῤ</span></span>⟩ and ⟨<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ρρ</span></span>⟩. </p><p>The name of the letter is written in Greek as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῥῶ</span></span> (polytonic) or ρω/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%81%CE%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:ρο">ρο</a> (monotonic). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_alphabets">Other alphabets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other alphabets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letters that arose from rho include Roman <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> and Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Er</a> (Р). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics_and_science">Mathematics and science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mathematics and science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The characters <b>ρ</b> and <b>ϱ</b> are also conventionally used outside the Greek alphabetical context in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>. </p> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Physical_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical sciences">physical sciences</a> to represent: <ul><li>Densities: <a href="/wiki/Mass_density" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass density">mass density</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_density" class="mw-redirect" title="Air density">air density</a> or <a href="/wiki/Charge_density" title="Charge density">charge density</a> (<i>ρ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivity">Resistivity</a> (<i>ρ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_meson" title="Rho meson">Rho meson</a> (ρ<sup>+</sup>, ρ<sup>−</sup>, ρ<sup>0</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density_matrix" title="Density matrix">General quantum states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammett_Equation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammett Equation">Hammett Equation</a>, ρ is used to represent the reaction constant, this is independent of the position and nature of the substituents of the benzene ring.</li></ul></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> to represent: <ul><li>A length coordinate in <a href="/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system#Conventions" title="Polar coordinate system">polar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cylindrical_coordinate_system" title="Cylindrical coordinate system">cylindrical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system" title="Spherical coordinate system">spherical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toroidal_coordinates#An_alternative_separation" title="Toroidal coordinates">toroidal</a> coordinate systems, and <a href="/wiki/Toroidal_and_poloidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Toroidal and poloidal">toroidal and poloidal</a> coordinates of the Earth's magnetic field.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pearson_product-moment_correlation_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient">correlation coefficient</a> of a population parameter</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Spectral_radius" title="Spectral radius">spectral radius</a> of a matrix <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" /></span> denoted as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho (A)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho (A)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9d232ff707be40f0398c038ee817fc0742b9c8b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.754ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho (A)}" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Plastic_ratio" title="Plastic ratio">plastic ratio</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_constant" title="Prime constant">prime constant</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greeks_(finance)#Rho" title="Greeks (finance)">sensitivity</a> to interest rates of a pricing function</li> <li>The expected return of a given policy (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }" /></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">reinforcement learning</a>, denoted <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ^{\pi }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ^{\pi }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b36555b4c2a458fecc36b0fae83a535872dc074f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.376ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ^{\pi }}" /></span></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Relational_algebra#Rename_(ρ)" title="Relational algebra">rename operation</a> in relational algebra</li></ul></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> to represent the discount rate of future cash flows<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Rho_factor" title="Rho factor">Rho protein</a> responsible for termination of RNA synthesis. In such occasions, it is often represented as <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+03F1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ϱ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK RHO SYMBOL</span>, to avoid confusion with the Latin letter <i>p</i></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases" title="Rho family of GTPases">Rho family of GTPases</a>, important for cytoskeletal dynamic regulation.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a> to represent the population damping ratio where ρ = λ1 / |λ2|.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a> <ul><li>The lower-case rho "⍴" means reshape in the <a href="/wiki/APL_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="APL programming language">APL programming language</a>, and by extension also queries shape</li> <li>The lower-case rho "ρ" is used for the unary <a href="/wiki/Rename_(relational_algebra)" title="Rename (relational algebra)">rename operation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Relational_algebra" title="Relational algebra">relational algebra</a></li></ul></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/Spearman%27s_rank_correlation_coefficient" title="Spearman's rank correlation coefficient">Spearman's rank correlation coefficient</a>, commonly known as Spearman's rho<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">options</a> theory to represent the rate of change of a portfolio with respect to <a href="/wiki/Interest_rates" class="mw-redirect" title="Interest rates">interest rates</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chi_Rho_(☧)"><span id="Chi_Rho_.28.E2.98.A7.29"></span>Chi Rho (☧)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chi Rho (☧)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_Labarum2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_Labarum2.svg/137px-Simple_Labarum2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="137" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_Labarum2.svg/205px-Simple_Labarum2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_Labarum2.svg/273px-Simple_Labarum2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="176" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a> symbol representing <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Christ</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The letter rho overlaid with <a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">chi</a> forms the <i><a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a></i> symbol, used to represent <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>. It was first used by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>. A can be seen on his standard known as the <a href="/wiki/Labarum" title="Labarum">Labarum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rho_with_stroke_(ϼ)"><span id="Rho_with_stroke_.28.CF.BC.29"></span>Rho with stroke (ϼ)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rho with stroke (ϼ)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rho with a stroke through its tail is used for abbreviations involving rho, most notably in <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">γϼ</span></span> for <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">γράμμα</span></span> as a unit of measurement.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+03A1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Ρ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">&Rho;</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+03C1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ρ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">&rho;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+03F1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ϱ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK RHO SYMBOL</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">&rhov;, &varrho;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+03FC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ϼ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK RHO WITH STROKE SYMBOL</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D29</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᴩ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D68</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᵨ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1FE4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ῤ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH PSILI</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1FE5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ῥ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1FEC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Ῥ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2374</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⍴</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2627</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">☧</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">CHI RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2CA2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Ⲣ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2CA3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ⲣ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2CE5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⳥</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2CE6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⳦</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2CE8</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⳨</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+2CE9</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⳩</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+101A0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐆠</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GREEK SYMBOL TAU RHO</span></li></ul> <p>These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D6B8</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝚸</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D6D2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝛒</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D6E0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝛠</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL BOLD RHO SYMBOL</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D6F2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝛲</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D70C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝜌</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D71A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝜚</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL ITALIC RHO SYMBOL</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D72C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝜬</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D746</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝝆</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D754</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝝔</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC RHO SYMBOL</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D766</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝝦</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D780</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝞀</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D78E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝞎</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD RHO SYMBOL</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D7A0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝞠</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D7BA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝞺</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL RHO</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+1D7C8</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝟈</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC RHO SYMBOL</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р, р - Er (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R, r - Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P, p - Latin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%A1" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Ρ">Ρ</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%81" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ρ">ρ</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFElert2023" class="citation cs2">Elert, Glenn (2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.info/symbols/">"Special Symbols"</a>, <i>The Physics Hypertextbook</i>, hypertextbook<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Physics+Hypertextbook&rft.atitle=Special+Symbols&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Elert&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysics.info%2Fsymbols%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/SpectralRadius.html">"Spectral Radius"</a>. <i>mathworld.wolfram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathworld.wolfram.com&rft.atitle=Spectral+Radius&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FSpectralRadius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PlasticConstant.html">"Plastic Constant"</a>. <i>mathworld.wolfram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-31</span></span>. <q>The plastic constant ρ, sometimes also called le nombre radiant, the minimal Pisot number, plastic number, plastic ratio,...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathworld.wolfram.com&rft.atitle=Plastic+Constant&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FPlasticConstant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PrimeConstant.html">"Prime Constant"</a>. <i>mathworld.wolfram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathworld.wolfram.com&rft.atitle=Prime+Constant&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FPrimeConstant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/SpearmanRankCorrelationCoefficient.html">"Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient"</a>. <i>mathworld.wolfram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-22</span></span>. <q>The Spearman rank correlation coefficient, also known as Spearman's rho,</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathworld.wolfram.com&rft.atitle=Spearman+Rank+Correlation+Coefficient&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FSpearmanRankCorrelationCoefficient.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rho.asp">"What Is Rho? Definition, How It's Used, Calculation, and Example"</a>. <i>Investopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-22</span></span>. <q>Rho is the rate at which the price of a derivative changes relative to a change in the risk-free rate of interest. Rho measures the sensitivity of an option or options portfolio to a change in interest rate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investopedia&rft.atitle=What+Is+Rho%3F+Definition%2C+How+It%27s+Used%2C+Calculation%2C+and+Example&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fr%2Frho.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Aegina" title="Paul of Aegina">Paul of Aegina</a> explains conventional usage in the last chapter of Book VII on weights and measures and uses it throughout his work.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unicode Code Charts: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf">Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)</a></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rho&oldid=1282618464">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rho&oldid=1282618464</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_letters" title="Category:Greek letters">Greek letters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Greek IPA">Pages with Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2025" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 March 2025, at 15:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rho&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rho</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>86 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-fb96cc848-54s9h","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.828","walltime":"1.050","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15792,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":109665,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":19455,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":56915,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 927.694 1 -total"," 36.79% 341.325 34 Template:Unichar"," 33.04% 306.494 34 Template:Unichar/main"," 15.07% 139.829 1 Template:Greek_Alphabet"," 11.62% 107.765 2 Template:Langx"," 10.10% 93.666 34 Template:Unichar/glyph"," 9.78% 90.698 34 Template:Unichar/name"," 8.78% 81.415 1 Template:Citation"," 7.39% 68.527 34 Template:Unichar/gc"," 7.37% 68.325 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.482","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21067862,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-fb96cc848-swvr4","timestamp":"20250403023413","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rho","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rho","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14412","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14412","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-08T05:43:08Z","dateModified":"2025-03-27T15:04:58Z","headline":"seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet"}</script> </body> </html>