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class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Victor Emmanuel II</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Victor_Emmanuel_II" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Victor Emmanuel II</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Vittorio Emanuele II</i>; full name: <i>Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Savoia</a></i>; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sardinia">King of Sardinia</a> (also informally known as <a href="/wiki/Piedmont%E2%80%93Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont–Sardinia">Piedmont–Sardinia</a>) from 23 March 1849 until 17 March 1861,<sup id="cite_ref-efn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he assumed the title of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> and became the first king of an independent, <a href="/wiki/United_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="United Italy">united Italy</a> since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Borrowing from the old <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> title <i><a href="/wiki/Pater_Patriae" title="Pater Patriae">Pater Patriae</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a>, the Italians gave him the epithet of "<a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Father of the Fatherland">Father of the Fatherland</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Padre della Patria</i>). </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Victor Emmanuel II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VictorEmmanuel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/220px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/330px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/440px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="908"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Adolphe-Eug%C3%A8ne_Disd%C3%A9ri" title="André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri">André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1861</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy#Full_title_2" title="King of Italy">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">17 March 1861 – 9 January 1878</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> (1814)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime ministers</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Cavour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Bettino Ricasoli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Urbano Rattazzi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Carlo_Farini" title="Luigi Carlo Farini">Luigi Carlo Farini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Marco Minghetti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_la_Marmora" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso Ferrero la Marmora">Alfonso Ferrero la Marmora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico_Menabrea" title="Luigi Federico Menabrea">Luigi Federico Menabrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Giovanni Lanza</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Agostino Depretis</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sardinia">King of Sardinia</a><sup id="cite_ref-efn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 1849 – 17 March 1861</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia">Prime ministers</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Chiodo" title="Agostino Chiodo">Agostino Chiodo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Gabriele_de_Launay" title="Claudio Gabriele de Launay">Claudio Gabriele de Launay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Azeglio" class="mw-redirect" title="Massimo D'Azeglio">Massimo D'Azeglio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Cavour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1820<br><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Carignano" title="Palazzo Carignano">Palazzo Carignano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 January 1878<span style="display:none">(1878-01-09)</span> (aged 57)<br><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Quirinal Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon, Rome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Austria" title="Adelaide of Austria">Adelaide of Austria</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1842; died 1855)<wbr></wbr></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Vercellana" title="Rosa Vercellana">Rosa Vercellana</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Morganatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Morganatic">morganatic</a>)</small><br></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1869)<wbr></wbr></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Family_and_children">see details...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Clotilde_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy">Maria Clotilde, Princess Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I,_King_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Umberto I, King of Italy">Umberto I, King of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I,_King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo I, King of Spain">Amadeo I, King of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oddone,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat">Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_of_Savoy" title="Maria Pia of Savoy">Maria Pia, Queen of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso</i> <br>English: <span lang="en">Victor Emmanuel Maria Albert Eugene Ferdinand Thomas</span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy-Carignano" title="House of Savoy-Carignano">Savoy-Carignano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert of Sardinia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Maria Theresa of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy" title="Catholic Church in Italy">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victor Emmanuel II's signature"><img alt="Victor Emmanuel II's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Signature_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg/125px-Signature_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Signature_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg/188px-Signature_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Signature_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg/250px-Signature_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="100"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> as the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert, Prince of Carignano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Maria Theresa of Austria</a>, Victor Emmanuel fought in the <a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First Italian War of Independence</a> (1848–1849) before being made King of Sardinia following his father's abdication. He appointed <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a>, as his Prime Minister, and he consolidated his position by suppressing the republican left. In 1855, he sent an <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_Expeditionary_Corps_in_the_Crimean_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardinian Expeditionary Corps in the Crimean War">expeditionary corps</a> to side with French and British forces during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>; the deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea, and the gallantry shown by them in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chernaya" title="Battle of the Chernaya">Battle of the Chernaya</a> (16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol led the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> to other European powers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed Victor Emmanuel to ally himself with <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, Emperor of France. France had supported Sardinia in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a>, resulting in liberating <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> from Austrian rule. </p><p>Victor Emmanuel supported the <a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a> (1860–1861) led by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, which resulted in the rapid fall of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> in southern Italy; however, Victor Emmanuel halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, still under the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, as it was under French protection. In 1860, Tuscany, Modena, Parma, and Romagna decided to side with Sardinia, and Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the Marche and Umbria after the victorious <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castelfidardo" title="Battle of Castelfidardo">Battle of Castelfidardo</a> over the Papal forces. This led to his <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> until 1878, just before his death in the same year. He subsequently met Garibaldi at <a href="/wiki/Teano" title="Teano">Teano</a>, receiving from him the control of southern Italy and becoming the first King of Italy on 17 March 1861. </p><p>In 1866, the <a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a> allowed Italy to annex <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>. In 1870, Victor Emmanuel also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> to <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">conquer the Papal States</a> after the French withdrew. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871. He died in Rome in 1878, and was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a>. The Italian national <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Victor Emmanuel II Monument</a> in Rome, containing the <a href="/wiki/Altare_della_Patria" class="mw-redirect" title="Altare della Patria">Altare della Patria</a>, was built in his honour. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Crimean_War"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Crimean War</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Wars_of_Italian_Unification"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Wars of Italian Unification</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Completion_of_the_unification"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Completion of the unification</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Family_and_children"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Family and children</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Honours_and_arms"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Honours and arms</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Italian"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Italian</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Foreign"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Ancestry"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Ancestry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#In_Italian"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">In Italian</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png/200px-Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 316px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png/200px-Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png" data-width="200" data-height="316" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png/300px-Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png/400px-Portrait_du_roi_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_en_majest%C3%A9.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Victor Emmanuel II in 1850</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia,_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg/220px-Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="2315"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 280px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg/220px-Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="280" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg/330px-Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg/440px-Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_duca_di_Savoia%2C_1848_-_Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino_-_Ritratti_0036_B.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Portrait of Victor Emmanuel, with a battle in the background (1848)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png/220px-Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="940"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 301px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png/220px-Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png" data-width="220" data-height="301" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png/330px-Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png/440px-Ritratto_di_S.M._Carlo_Alberto_di_Savoia.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert of Sardinia</a>, father of Victor Emmanuel II</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg/220px-Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="957"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 302px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg/220px-Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="302" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg/330px-Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg/440px-Maria_Teresa_d%27Asburgo-Toscana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Sardinia" title="Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Sardinia">Maria Theresa of Austria</a>, mother of Victor Emmanuel II</figcaption></figure> <p>Victor Emmanuel was born as the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Alberto" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlo Alberto">Carlo Alberto</a> Prince of Carignano, and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Maria Theresa of Austria</a>. His father succeeded a distant cousin as King of Sardinia in 1831. He lived for some years of his youth in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and showed an early interest in politics, the military, and sports. In 1842, he married his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Austria" title="Adelaide of Austria">Adelaide of Austria</a>. He was styled as the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a> prior to becoming King of Sardinia. He took part in the <a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First Italian War of Independence</a> (1848–1849) under his father, King Charles Albert, fighting in the front line at the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pastrengo" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pastrengo">Pastrengo</a>, Santa Lucia, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goito" title="Battle of Goito">Goito</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Custoza_(1848)" title="Battle of Custoza (1848)">Custoza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Victor Emmanuel became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">King of Sardinia</a> in 1849 when his father abdicated the throne, after being defeated by the Austrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1849)" title="Battle of Novara (1849)">Battle of Novara</a>. Victor Emmanuel was immediately able to obtain a rather favourable armistice at Vignale by the Austrian imperial army commander, <a href="/wiki/Radetzky" class="mw-redirect" title="Radetzky">Radetzky</a>. The treaty, however, was not ratified by the Piedmontese <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">lower parliamentary house</a>, the Chamber of Deputies, and Victor Emmanuel retaliated by firing his Prime Minister, Claudio Gabriele de Launay, replacing him with <a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Azeglio" class="mw-redirect" title="Massimo D'Azeglio">Massimo D'Azeglio</a>. After new elections, the peace with Austria was accepted by the new Chamber of Deputies. In 1849, Victor Emmanuel also fiercely suppressed a revolt in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, defining the rebels as a "vile and infected race of canailles". </p><p>In 1852, Victor Emmanuel appointed <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia">Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia</a>. Cavour was a clever strategist focused on establishing the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> as Italy's rulers. He applied liberalism and nationalism to dismantle the traditional structures of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> while advancing an anti-clerical agenda that started during Charles Albert. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977355_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977355-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cavour modernized the kingdom for war to expel the Austrians from Italy, facilitating Victor Emmanuel's eventual ascension as king. He also played a key role in securing an alliance with Napoleon III, leading to French support that enabled Emmanuel’s forces to capture Milan and other Austrian territories, though Venice remained under Austrian control. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977355_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977355-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victor Emmanuel II soon became the symbol of <i><a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a></i>, the Italian unification movement of the 1850s and early 60s. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was especially popular in Piedmont–Sardinia because of his respect for the new constitution and his liberal reforms. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_(Biscarra).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png/180px-S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1013"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 272px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png/180px-S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png" data-width="180" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png/270px-S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png/360px-S.M._Re_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia_%28Biscarra%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Portrait of Victor Emmanuel II by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Felice_Biscarra" title="Carlo Felice Biscarra">Carlo Felice Biscarra</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimean_War">Crimean War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crimean War" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg/220px-Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 309px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg/220px-Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="309" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg/330px-Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Victor_Emmanuel_reviews_the_troops_for_the_Crimean_War.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Victor Emmanuel reviews the troops for the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following Victor Emmanuel's advice, Cavour joined Britain and France in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> against Russia. Cavour was reluctant to go to war due to the power of Russia at the time and the expense of doing so; however, Victor Emmanuel was convinced of the rewards to be gained from the alliance created with Britain and more importantly France. After successfully seeking British support and ingratiating himself with France and Napoleon III at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paris_(1856)" title="Congress of Paris (1856)">Congress of Paris in 1856</a> at the end of the war, Count Cavour arranged a secret meeting with the French emperor. In 1858, they met at <a href="/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res-les-Bains" title="Plombières-les-Bains">Plombières-les-Bains</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (province)">Lorraine</a>), where they agreed that if the French were to help Piedmont in its war against Austria, which still reigned over the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a> in northern Italy, France would be awarded <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars_of_Italian_Unification">Wars of Italian Unification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wars of Italian Unification" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a></div> <p>The Italo-French campaign against Austria in 1859 started successfully; however, sickened by the casualties of the war and worried about the mobilisation of Prussian troops, Napoleon III secretly made a treaty with <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Joseph of Austria">Franz Joseph of Austria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Villafranca_di_Verona" title="Villafranca di Verona">Villafranca</a> whereby Piedmont would only gain <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>. France did not as a result receive the promised Nice and Savoy but Austria kept <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Venetia</a>, a major setback for the Piedmontese, in no small part because the treaty had been prepared without their knowledge. After several quarrels about the outcome of the war, Cavour resigned, and the king had to find other advisors. France only gained Nice and Savoy after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turin_(1860)" title="Treaty of Turin (1860)">Treaty of Turin</a> was signed in March 1860, after Cavour had been reinstalled as Prime Minister, and a deal with the French was struck for plebiscites to take place in the Central Italian Duchies. </p><p>Later that same year, Victor Emmanuel II sent his forces to fight the papal army at Castelfidardo and drove the Pope into <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. His success at these goals led him to be <a href="/wiki/Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a> from the Catholic Church until 1878 when it was lifted just before his death. Then, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> conquered Sicily and Naples, and Piedmont–Sardinia grew even larger. On 17 March 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was officially established and Victor Emmanuel II became its king. </p><p>Victor Emmanuel supported <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a> (1860–1861), which resulted in the rapid fall of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> in southern Italy; however, the king halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack Rome, still under the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, as it was under French protection. In 1860, through local plebiscites, Tuscany, Modena, Parma, and Romagna decided to side with Piedmont–Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a> after the victorious <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castelfidardo" title="Battle of Castelfidardo">battle of Castelfidardo</a> (1860) over the Papal forces. </p><p> The king subsequently met with Garibaldi at <a href="/wiki/Teano" title="Teano">Teano</a>, receiving from him the control of southern Italy. Another series of plebiscites in the occupied lands resulted in the proclamation of Victor Emmanuel as the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> by the new Parliament of <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unified Italy</a>, on 17 March 1861. He did not renumber himself after assuming the new royal title, and <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> became the capital of the new state. Only <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> remained to be conquered.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg/220px-With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="423"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg/220px-With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg/330px-With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg/440px-With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Victor Emmanuel meets <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teano" title="Teano">Teano</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Completion_of_the_unification">Completion of the unification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Completion of the unification" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio,_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg/220px-Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="591"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg/220px-Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg/330px-Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg/440px-Artgate_Fondazione_Cariplo_-_Magistretti_Emilio%2C_Il_9_gennajo_1878_in_Milano_o_Il_9_Gennaio_1878_o_L%27annuncio_della_morte_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_a_Milano.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>9 January 1878, Milan: Announcement of the death of Victor Emmanuel II, by <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Magistretti" title="Emilio Magistretti">Emilio Magistretti</a> (1879)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg/220px-Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg/220px-Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg/330px-Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg/440px-Pantheon_0935_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Tomb of Victor Emmanuel II in the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite_of_Veneto_of_1866" title="Plebiscite of Veneto of 1866">Plebiscite of Veneto of 1866</a></div> <p>In 1866, Victor Emmanuel allied himself with <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a>. Although not victorious in the Italian theatre, he managed to receive Veneto after the Austrian defeat in Germany. The British Foreign Secretary, Lord Clarendon, visited Florence in December 1867 and reported to London after talking to various Italian politicians: "There is universal agreement that Victor Emmanuel is an imbecile; he is a dishonest man who tells lies to everyone; at this rate, he will end up losing his crown and ruining both Italy and his dynasty."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1870, after two failed attempts by Garibaldi, he also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> to capture Rome after the French withdrew. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871, after a temporary move to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> in 1864. The new Royal residence was the <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Quirinal Palace</a>. </p><p>The rest of Victor Emmanuel II's reign was much quieter. After the Kingdom of Italy was established, he decided to continue on as King Victor Emmanuel II instead of Victor Emmanuel I of Italy. This was a terrible move as far as public relations went, as it was not indicative of the fresh start that the Italian people wanted and suggested that Piedmont–Sardinia had taken over the Italian peninsula rather than unifying it. Despite this mishap, the remainder of Victor Emmanuel II's reign was consumed by wrapping up loose ends and dealing with economic and cultural issues. His role in day-to-day governing gradually dwindled, as it became increasingly apparent that a king could no longer keep a government in office against the will of Parliament. As a result, while the wording of the <a href="/wiki/Statuto_Albertino" title="Statuto Albertino">Statuto Albertino</a> stipulating that ministers were solely responsible to the crown remained unchanged, in practice they were now responsible to Parliament. </p><p>Victor Emmanuel died in Rome in 1878, after meeting with the envoys of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>, who had reversed the excommunication, and received <a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">last rites</a>. He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a>. His successor was his son <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Umberto I">Umberto I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Family_and_children">Family and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family and children" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In 1842, Victor Emmanuel married his paternal first cousin (aunt's daughter) <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Austria" title="Adelaide of Austria">Adelaide of Austria</a> (1822–1855). With her, he had eight children:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Clotilde_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy">Maria Clotilde</a> (1843–1911), who married <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Joseph_Charles_Paul_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte">Napoléon Joseph</a> (<i>the Prince Napoléon</i>). Their grandson <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_Napol%C3%A9on" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Louis Napoléon">Prince Louis Napoléon</a> was the Bonapartist pretender to the French imperial throne.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg/220px-Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="3712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 218px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg/220px-Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="218" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg/330px-Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg/440px-Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Monument to Victor Emmanuel II">Monument to Victor Emmanuel II</a> in Venice</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto</a> (1844–1900), later <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a>. He married his first cousin <a href="/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoy" title="Margherita of Savoy">Margherita of Savoy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo</a> (1845–1890), later <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>. He married <a href="/wiki/Maria_Vittoria_dal_Pozzo" title="Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo">Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Maria_Letizia_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Letizia Bonaparte">Maria Letizia Bonaparte</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oddone,_Duke_of_Montferrat" title="Prince Oddone, Duke of Montferrat">Oddone Eugenio Maria</a> (1846–1866), Duke of <a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Montferrat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_of_Savoy" title="Maria Pia of Savoy">Maria Pia</a> (1847–1911), who married King <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Portugal">Louis of Portugal</a>.</li> <li>Carlo Alberto (2 June 1851 – 28 June 1854), <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Chablais" title="Duke of Chablais">Duke of Chablais</a>, died in early childhood.</li> <li>Vittorio Emanuele (6 July 1852 – 6 July 1852) died in infancy.</li> <li>Vittorio Emanuele (18 January 1855 – 17 May 1855), Count of <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, died in infancy.</li></ul> <p>In 1869 he married <a href="/wiki/Morganatically" class="mw-redirect" title="Morganatically">morganatically</a> his principal mistress <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Vercellana" title="Rosa Vercellana">Rosa Vercellana</a> (3 June 1833 – 26 December 1885). Popularly known in <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a> as "Bela Rosin", she was born a commoner but made Countess of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda in 1858. Their offspring were: </p> <ul><li>Vittoria Guerrieri (2 December 1848 – 29 December 1905), married three times: to Giacomo Spinola, Luigi Spinola and Paolo DeSimone.</li> <li>Emanuele Alberto Guerrieri (16 March 1851 – 24 December 1894), Count of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg/140px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 140px;height: 194px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg/140px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg" data-width="140" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg/210px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg/280px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Caricature_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_-_Thomas_Nast_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Caricature of King Victor Emmanuel II by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nast" title="Thomas Nast">Thomas Nast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to his morganatic second wife, Victor Emmanuel II had several other mistresses: </p><p>1) <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bon" title="Laura Bon">Laura Bon</a> at Stupinigi, who bore him two children: </p> <ul><li>Stillborn child (1852-1852).</li> <li>Emanuela of Roverbella (6 September 1853 – 1896).</li></ul> <p>2) Baroness Vittoria Duplesis who bore him another daughter: </p> <ul><li>Maria Savoiarda Projetti (1854–1885/1888).</li></ul> <p>3) Unknown mistress at Mondovì, mother of: </p> <ul><li>Donato Etna (15 June 1858 – 11 December 1938) who became a soldier during the First World War.</li></ul> <p>4) Virginia Rho at Turin, mother of two children: </p> <ul><li>Vittorio di Rho (1861 – <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, 10 October 1913). He became a notable photographer.</li> <li>Maria Pia di Rho (25 February 1866 – <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, 19 April 1947). Married to count Alessandro Montecuccoli.</li></ul> <p>5) Rosalinda Incoronata De Domenicis (1846–1916), mother of one daughter: </p> <ul><li>Vittoria De Domenicis (1869–1935) who married doctor Alberto Benedetti (1870–1920), with issue.</li></ul> <p>6) Angela Rosa De Filippo, mother of: </p> <ul><li>Actor Domenico Scarpetta (1876–1952)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Honours_and_arms">Honours and arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honours and arms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #CCBBEE; color: #000066;"><span style="font-size:80%">Styles of</span><br><b><span class="fn">King Victor Emmanuel II</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg/75px-Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="260"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 119px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg/75px-Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg.png" data-width="75" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg/113px-Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg/150px-Royal_Monogram_of_King_Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Majesty</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian">Italian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Italian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Order of the Annunciation</a>, <i>23 December 1836</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Cibrario1869_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cibrario1869-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grand Master, <i>23 March 1849</i></li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a>, <i>1836</i>; Grand Master, <i>23 March 1849</i></li> <li>Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Military_Order_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Military Order of Savoy">Military Order of Savoy</a></li> <li>Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy" title="Order of the Crown of Italy">Order of the Crown of Italy</a></li> <li>Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Order_of_Savoy" title="Civil Order of Savoy">Civil Order of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_Military_Valour" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Medal of Military Valour">Gold Medal of Military Valour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Military_Valor" title="Medal of Military Valor">Silver Medal of Military Valour</a></li> <li>Medal of the Liberation of Rome (1849–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Medal_of_the_Unity_of_Italy" title="Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy">Commemorative Medal of Campaigns of Independence Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Medal_of_the_Unity_of_Italy" title="Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy">Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany"><noscript><img alt="Tuscany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg.png" data-alt="Tuscany" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_with_Great_Coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscan Grand Ducal family</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Joseph" title="Order of Saint Joseph">Order of St. Joseph</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign">Foreign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Foreign" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>: <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a>, <i>1841</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Stephen_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Stephen of Hungary">Order of St. Stephen</a>, <i>1869</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/46px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_Fidelity" title="House Order of Fidelity">House Order of Fidelity</a>, <i>1864</i></li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Z%C3%A4hringer_Lion" title="Order of the Zähringer Lion">Order of the Zähringer Lion</a>, <i>1864</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Hubert">Order of St. Hubert</a>, <i>1869</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a>, <i>25 July 1855</i><sup id="cite_ref-Veldekens1858_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veldekens1858-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Elephant" title="Order of the Elephant">Order of the Elephant</a>, <i>2 September 1861</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French Empire</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_militaire" title="Médaille militaire">Médaille militaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_medal_of_the_1859_Italian_Campaign" title="Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign">Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Kingdom of Hawaii</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Kamehameha_I" title="Royal Order of Kamehameha I">Order of Kamehameha I</a>, <i>1865</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/23px-Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/23px-Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/35px-Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/46px-Imperial_Standard_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexican Empire</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Imperial_Orders#Imperial_Order_of_the_Mexican_Eagle" title="Mexican Imperial Orders">Order of the Mexican Eagle</a>, with Collar, <i>1865</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-prus_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prus-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Black_Eagle" title="Order of the Black Eagle">Order of the Black Eagle</a>, <i>12 January 1866</i>; with Collar, <i>1875</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a> (military), <i>29 May 1872</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/35px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/45px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rue_Crown" title="Order of the Rue Crown">Order of the Rue Crown</a>, <i>1850</i><sup id="cite_ref-Sachsen1866_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachsen1866-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><noscript><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" data-alt="Sweden" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><noscript><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/21px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/21px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png" data-alt="Norway" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/32px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/41px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden-Norway">Sweden-Norway</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of the Seraphim">Order of the Seraphim</a>, <i>30 August 1861</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Tunis" title="Beylik of Tunis">Beylik of Tunis</a>: Husainid Family Order<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span>: Stranger Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a>, <i>5 December 1855</i><sup id="cite_ref-p59_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p59-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Coat of Arms</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_(Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms as knight of the Golden Fleece"><noscript><img alt="Arms as knight of the Golden Fleece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="1104"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg.png" data-alt="Arms as knight of the Golden Fleece" data-width="70" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg/141px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victor_Emmanuel_II_and_Umberto_I_of_Italy_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arms as knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_(1848-1870).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms as King of Sardinia (1849–1861)"><noscript><img alt="Coat of arms as King of Sardinia (1849–1861)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1057"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 101px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg.png" data-alt="Coat of arms as King of Sardinia (1849–1861)" data-width="120" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_variant_%281848-1870%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms as King of Sardinia (1849–1861)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1870-1890).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greater coat of arms as King of Italy (1861–1878)"><noscript><img alt="Greater coat of arms as King of Italy (1861–1878)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg/93px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2313" data-file-height="2980"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg/93px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg.png" data-alt="Greater coat of arms as King of Italy (1861–1878)" data-width="93" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg/140px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg/186px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281870-1890%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greater coat of arms as King of Italy (1861–1878)</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ancestry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Victor Emmanuel II</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano">Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano">Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Lorraine" title="Princess Joséphine of Lorraine">Joséphine of Lorraine</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert of Sardinia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Courland" title="Charles, Duke of Courland">Charles, Duke of Courland</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Christina_of_Saxony_(1770%E2%80%931851)" title="Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (1770–1851)">Maria Christina of Saxony</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Franciszka_Krasi%C5%84ska" title="Franciszka Krasińska">Franciszka Krasińska</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Louisa_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Louisa of Spain">Maria Louisa of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Maria Theresa of Austria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Luisa of Naples and Sicily</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">Maria Carolina of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Victor Emmanuel II Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Islands_of_the_Aegean" title="Italian Islands of the Aegean">Italian Islands of the Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Pietro Badoglio</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-efn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-efn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-efn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Victor Emmanuel and his successors retained the title "King of Sardinia" after the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1861.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArnold2002" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Guy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_UreS--MoD0C&pg=PA112"><i>Historical Dictionary of the Crimean War</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810866133" title="Special:BookSources/9780810866133"><bdi>9780810866133</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Crimean+War&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780810866133&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_UreS--MoD0C%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977355-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977355_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977355_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977">Bence-Jones, Vickers & Williamson 1977</a>, p. 355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mack Smith, Denis <i>Italy and its Monarchy</i>, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/issue/497/article/excommunicating-politicians">"Excommunicating Politicians"</a>. 27 September 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Excommunicating+Politicians&rft.date=2004-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Fissue%2F497%2Farticle%2Fexcommunicating-politicians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genealogical data from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sardimpex.com/savoia/savoia-carignano.htm">Savoia</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> page of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sardimpex.com/">Genealogie delle famiglie nobili italiane</a> website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cibrario1869-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cibrario1869_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuigi_Cibrario1869" class="citation book cs1">Luigi Cibrario (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2aP6enNFoYC&pg=PA107"><i>Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri</i></a>. Eredi Botta. p. 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notizia+storica+del+nobilissimo+ordine+supremo+della+santissima+Annunziata.+Sunto+degli+statuti%2C+catalogo+dei+cavalieri&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Eredi+Botta&rft.date=1869&rft.au=Luigi+Cibrario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ2aP6enNFoYC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5fOnwLsZxsC&pg=PA275"><i>Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855</i></a>. Stamperia Granducale. 1840. p. 275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanacco+Toscano+per+l%27anno+1855&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Stamperia+Granducale&rft.date=1840&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY5fOnwLsZxsC%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoettger" class="citation web cs1">Boettger, T. F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquesatoz.com/sgfleece/knights5.htm">"Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece"</a>. <i>La Confrérie Amicale</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Confr%C3%A9rie+Amicale&rft.atitle=Chevaliers+de+la+Tois%C3%B3n+d%27Or+-+Knights+of+the+Golden+Fleece&rft.aulast=Boettger&rft.aufirst=T.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquesatoz.com%2Fsgfleece%2Fknights5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm">"A Szent István Rend tagjai"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm">Archived</a> 22 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden</i> (1865), "Großherzogliche Orden" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1893788">pp. 55</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1893799">66</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern</i> (1873), "Königliche Orden" p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11038226?page=36">8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Veldekens1858-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Veldekens1858_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerdinand_Veldekens1858" class="citation book cs1">Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_6lAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP11"><i>Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer</i></a>. lelong. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_6lAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA214">214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+livre+d%27or+de+l%27ordre+de+L%C3%A9opold+et+de+la+croix+de+fer&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=lelong&rft.date=1858&rft.au=Ferdinand+Veldekens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_6lAAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJørgen_Pedersen2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jørgen Pedersen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ"><i>Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009</i></a> (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 466. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-434-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-434-2"><bdi>978-87-7674-434-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riddere+af+Elefantordenen%2C+1559%E2%80%932009&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=Syddansk+Universitetsforlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-87-7674-434-2&rft.au=J%C3%B8rgen+Pedersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dglw-AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228013523/https://www.crownofhawaii.com/order-of-kamehameha">"The Royal Order of Kamehameha"</a>. <i>crownofhawaii.com</i>. Official website of the Royal Family of Hawaii. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crownofhawaii.com/order-of-kamehameha">the original</a> on 28 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=crownofhawaii.com&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Order+of+Kamehameha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crownofhawaii.com%2Forder-of-kamehameha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VOAxAQAAMAAJ">"Seccion IV: Ordenes del Imperio"</a>, <i>Almanaque imperial para el año 1866</i> (in Spanish), 1866, p. 242<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seccion+IV%3A+Ordenes+del+Imperio&rft.btitle=Almanaque+imperial+para+el+a%C3%B1o+1866&rft.pages=242&rft.date=1866&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVOAxAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prus-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prus_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878864&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021">"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"</a>, <i>Preussische Ordens-Liste</i> (in German), <b>1</b>, Berlin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878864&view=1up&seq=16&skin=2021">12</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878864&view=1up&seq=28&skin=2021">24</a>, 1877</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preussische+Ordens-Liste&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6niglich+Preussische+Ordensliste&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=12%2C+24&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015049878864%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D5%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sachsen1866-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sachsen1866_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachsen1866" class="citation book cs1">Sachsen (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA4"><i>Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66</i></a>. Heinrich. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staatshandbuch+f%C3%BCr+den+Freistaat+Sachsen%3A+1865%2F66&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Heinrich&rft.date=1866&rft.au=Sachsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSBFTAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/statskal/1877/0392.html"><i>Sveriges statskalender</i></a> (in Swedish), 1877, p. 368<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2020</span> – via runeberg.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sveriges+statskalender&rft.pages=368&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fstatskal%2F1877%2F0392.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beaussant-lefevre.com/lot/86924/8138236?">"Nichan ad-Dam, ou ordre du Sang, institué... - Lot 198"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nichan+ad-Dam%2C+ou+ordre+du+Sang%2C+institu%C3%A9...+-+Lot+198&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beaussant-lefevre.com%2Flot%2F86924%2F8138236%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p59-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p59_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) <i>The Knights of England</i>, <b>I</b>, London, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n147/mode/2up">p. 59</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Victor Emmanuel II."><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Victor_Emmanuel_II.">"Victor Emmanuel II." </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Victor+Emmanuel+II.&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBence-JonesVickersWilliamson1977" class="citation book cs1">Bence-Jones, Mark; Vickers, Hugo; Williamson, David (1977). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.burkespeerage.com/preview.php?book=Preview%20of%20Burke%E2%80%99s%20Royal%20Families%20of%20the%20World%20Volume%20I&ref=pRoyalFamilies1&page=1&totalPages=10&from=subs_ind"><i>Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume I</i></a></span>. Burke's Peerage Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8"><bdi>0-85011-023-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burke%27s+Royal+Families+of+the+World+Volume+I&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage+Limited&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-85011-023-8&rft.aulast=Bence-Jones&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Vickers%2C+Hugo&rft.au=Williamson%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.burkespeerage.com%2Fpreview.php%3Fbook%3DPreview%2520of%2520Burke%25E2%2580%2599s%2520Royal%2520Families%2520of%2520the%2520World%2520Volume%2520I%26ref%3DpRoyalFamilies1%26page%3D1%26totalPages%3D10%26from%3Dsubs_ind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mack Smith, Denis (1972). <i>[Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento.] Vittorio Emanuele II. (Traduzione ... di Jole Bertolazzi.)</i>. Laterza. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/504679452">504679452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5BVictor+Emanuel%2C+Cavour+and+the+Risorgimento.%5D+Vittorio+Emanuele+II.+%28Traduzione+...+di+Jole+Bertolazzi.%29&rft.pub=Laterza&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F504679452&rft.au=Mack+Smith%2C+Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Thayer, William Roscoe (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zfwNAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Life and Times of Cavour vol 1</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Cavour+vol+1&rft.date=1911&rft.au=Thayer%2C+William+Roscoe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzfwNAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span> old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859]; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandtimescav00thaygoog">volume 2 online covers 1859–62</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Italian">In Italian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In Italian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Del Boca, Lorenzo (1998). <i>Maledetti Savoia</i>. Casale Monferrato: Piemme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maledetti+Savoia&rft.place=Casale+Monferrato&rft.pub=Piemme&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Del+Boca&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Gasparetto, Pier Francesco (1984). <i>Vittorio Emanuele II</i>. Milan: Rusconi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vittorio+Emanuele+II&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Rusconi&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Gasparetto&rft.aufirst=Pier+Francesco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mack Smith, Denis (1995). <i>Vittorio Emanuele II</i>. Milan: <a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Mondadori_Editore" title="Arnoldo Mondadori Editore">Mondadori</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vittorio+Emanuele+II&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Mondadori&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Mack+Smith&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Pinto, Paolo (1997). <i>Vittorio Emanuele II: il re avventuriero</i>. Milan: Mondadori.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vittorio+Emanuele+II%3A+il+re+avventuriero&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Mondadori&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Rocca, Gianni (1993). <i>Avanti, Savoia!: miti e disfatte che fecero l'Italia, 1848–1866</i>. Milan: Mondadori.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Avanti%2C+Savoia%21%3A+miti+e+disfatte+che+fecero+l%27Italia%2C+1848%E2%80%931866&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Mondadori&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rocca&rft.aufirst=Gianni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictor+Emmanuel+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Vittorio Emanuele II</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28Victor+Emmanuel+II+of+Italy%29%20OR%20%28%221820-1878%22%20AND%20Italy%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Victor Emmanuel II</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/gotha/italygen.htm">External link: Genealogy of recent members of the House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060701112641/http://www.freereservation.com/roma2/1.htm">View of Venezia Square Victor Emmanuel II monument</a> (archived 1 July 2006)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Victor Emmanuel II </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 14 March 1820</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 9 January 1878</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Sardinia">King of Sardinia</a> </b><br>23 March 1849 – 17 March 1861 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Himself</i><br>as <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">King of Italy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_counts_and_dukes_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of counts and dukes of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a> </b><br>23 March 1849 – 9 January 1878 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian monarchs">King of Italy</a> </b><br>17 March 1861 – 9 January 1878 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&oldid=1272353654">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&oldid=1272353654</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="CommonsDelinker" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1738042934"> <span>Last edited on 28 January 2025, at 05:42</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emanuel_II_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Victor Emanuel II van Italië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Victor Emanuel II van Italië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II." title="Viktor Emanuel II. – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II." data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II" title="Viktor Emanuel II – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uictor_Emmanuel_II_Italia_Cyning" title="Uictor Emmanuel II Italia Cyning – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Uictor Emmanuel II Italia Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="فيتوريو إمانويلي الثاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيتوريو إمانويلي الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Viktor_Emanuel" title="II Viktor Emanuel – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Viktor Emanuel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84" title="ایکینجی ویکتور امانوئل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی ویکتور امانوئل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_2-s%C3%A8" title="Vittorio Emanuele 2-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele 2-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%96%D0%BB_II" title="Віктар Эмануіл II – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віктар Эмануіл II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB_II_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Виктор Емануил II Савойски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виктор Емануил II Савойски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II" title="Vittorio Emanuele II – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_II" title="Víctor Manuel II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Víctor Manuel II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II." title="Viktor Emanuel II. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II,_brenin_yr_Eidal" title="Vittorio Emanuele II, brenin yr Eidal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II, brenin yr Eidal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emanuel_2._af_Italien" title="Victor Emanuel 2. af Italien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Victor Emanuel 2. af Italien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II." title="Viktor Emanuel II. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II" title="Vittorio Emanuele II – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%89%CF%81_%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AE%CE%BB_%CE%92%CE%84" title="Βίκτωρ Εμμανουήλ Β΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίκτωρ Εμμανουήλ Β΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_II_de_Italia" title="Víctor Manuel II de Italia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Víctor Manuel II de Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoro_Emanuelo_la_2-a_(Italio)" title="Viktoro Emanuelo la 2-a (Italio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viktoro Emanuelo la 2-a (Italio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II.a_Italiakoa" title="Viktor Emanuel II.a Italiakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II.a Italiakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="ویتوریو امانوئله دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویتوریو امانوئله دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor-Emmanuel_II" title="Victor-Emmanuel II – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Victor-Emmanuel II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II_na_Sav%C3%A1%C3%AD" title="Vittorio Emanuele II na Saváí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II na Saváí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Manuel_II_de_Italia" title="Vítor Manuel II de Italia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vítor Manuel II de Italia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4_%EC%97%90%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98%EB%A0%88_2%EC%84%B8" title="비토리오 에마누엘레 2세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비토리오 에마누엘레 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC_II" title="Վիկտոր Էմանուել II – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկտոր Էմանուել II" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF" title="विक्टर इमानुएल द्वितीय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विक्टर इमानुएल द्वितीय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II." title="Viktor Emanuel II. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_la_2ma_di_Italia" title="Vittorio Emanuele la 2ma di Italia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele la 2ma di Italia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Victor Emmanuel II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emman%C3%BAel_2." title="Viktor Emmanúel 2. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viktor Emmanúel 2." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II_di_Savoia" title="Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="ויטוריו אמנואלה השני, מלך איטליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויטוריו אמנואלה השני, מלך איטליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Victor Emmanuel II" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94_II" title="ვიტორიო ემანუელე II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიტორიო ემანუელე II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorius_Emmanuel_II_(rex_Italiae)" title="Victorius Emmanuel II (rex Italiae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Victorius Emmanuel II (rex Italiae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktors_Emanuels_II" title="Viktors Emanuels II – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viktors Emanuels II" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II._vun_Italien" title="Vittorio Emanuele II. vun Italien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II. vun Italien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoras_Emanuelis_II" title="Viktoras Emanuelis II – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viktoras Emanuelis II" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitori_Emanuell_II_de_Savoja" title="Vitori Emanuell II de Savoja – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vitori Emanuell II de Savoja" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Viktor_Em%C3%A1nuel_olasz_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Viktor Emánuel olasz király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Viktor Emánuel olasz király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_II" title="Виктор Емануел II – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виктор Емануел II" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87,_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="दुसरा वित्तोरियो इमानुएले, इटली – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुसरा वित्तोरियो इमानुएले, इटली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="فيتوريو امانويلى التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيتوريو امانويلى التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II_dari_Itali" title="Vittorio Emanuele II dari Itali – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II dari Itali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emanuel_II_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Victor Emanuel II van Italië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Victor Emanuel II van Italië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC2%E4%B8%96" title="ヴィットーリオ・エマヌエーレ2世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィットーリオ・エマヌエーレ2世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emmanuel_II_av_Italia" title="Viktor Emmanuel II av Italia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Viktor Emmanuel II av Italia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emmanuel_II_av_Italia" title="Viktor Emmanuel II av Italia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Viktor Emmanuel II av Italia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II" title="Vittorio Emanuele II – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%B2rio_Emanuel_II" title="Vitòrio Emanuel II – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vitòrio Emanuel II" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Emanuel_II" title="Wiktor Emanuel II – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiktor Emanuel II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Emanuel_II_da_It%C3%A1lia" title="Vítor Emanuel II da Itália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vítor Emanuel II da Itália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emanuel_al_II-lea_al_Italiei" title="Victor Emanuel al II-lea al Italiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Victor Emanuel al II-lea al Italiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II" title="Vittorio Emanuele II – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB_II" title="Виктор Эммануил II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виктор Эммануил II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanueli_II" title="Viktor Emanueli II – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viktor Emanueli II" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittoriu_Emanueli_II_di_Savoia" title="Vittoriu Emanueli II di Savoia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vittoriu Emanueli II di Savoia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II." title="Viktor Emanuel II. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_II_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Виторио Емануеле II Савојски – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виторио Емануеле II Савојски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II_od_Italije" title="Vittorio Emanuele II od Italije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II od Italije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II" title="Viktor Emanuel II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Emanuel_II" title="Viktor Emanuel II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Viktor Emanuel II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Manuel_II" title="Victor Manuel II – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Victor Manuel II" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="พระเจ้าวิตโตรีโอ เอมานูเอเลที่ 2 แห่งอิตาลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าวิตโตรีโอ เอมานูเอเลที่ 2 แห่งอิตาลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Vittorio_Emanuele" title="II. Vittorio Emanuele – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Vittorio Emanuele" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%97%D0%BB_II" title="Віктор Емануїл II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віктор Емануїл II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="وکٹر ایمانوئل دوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وکٹر ایمانوئل دوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II_de_Savoja" title="Vittorio Emanuele II de Savoja – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II de Savoja" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C3%9D" title="Vittorio Emanuele II của Ý – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vittorio Emanuele II của Ý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_han_Italya" title="Victor Emmanuel II han Italya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Victor Emmanuel II han Italya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E8%8E%B1%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="维托里奥·埃马努埃莱二世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维托里奥·埃马努埃莱二世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%B4%90%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="維多·伊曼紐二世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維多·伊曼紐二世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E8%8E%B1%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="维托里奥·埃马努埃莱二世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维托里奥·埃马努埃莱二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 January 2025, at 05:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-dx6rg","wgBackendResponseTime":212,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.962","walltime":"1.244","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7940,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":177053,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":19126,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":123457,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1052.688 1 -total"," 27.77% 292.297 3 Template:Infobox"," 26.97% 283.895 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 15.16% 159.576 2 Template:Reflist"," 10.94% 115.168 14 Template:Cite_book"," 10.06% 105.945 4 Template:Langx"," 8.66% 91.203 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.01% 84.348 2 Template:Plainlist"," 7.85% 82.680 2 Template:Marriage"," 7.05% 74.188 30 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{\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-jxplv","timestamp":"20250214040421","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Victor Emmanuel II","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victor_Emmanuel_II","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q168691","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q168691","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-04-26T16:21:44Z","dateModified":"2025-01-28T05:42:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg","headline":"King of Sardinia (1849\u20131861) and King of Italy 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