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id="toc-Contraindications_and_precautions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraindications_and_precautions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contraindications and precautions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraindications_and_precautions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adverse effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Blood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Liver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Skin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dapsone_hypersensitivity_syndrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dapsone_hypersensitivity_syndrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dapsone_hypersensitivity_syndrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Discovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_use_in_antimalarial_drugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_use_in_antimalarial_drugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Proposed use in antimalarial drugs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_use_in_antimalarial_drugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dapsone_gel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dapsone_gel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dapsone gel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dapsone_gel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dapsone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="دابسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دابسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="داپسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داپسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsona" title="Dapsona – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dapsona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="داپسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داپسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsone" title="Dapsone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dapsone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%91%EC%86%90" title="댑손 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="댑손" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsone" title="Dapsone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dapsone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="דפסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דפסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%B3" title="ジアフェニルスルホン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジアフェニルスルホン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsona" title="Dapsona – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dapsona" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D" title="ଡାପ୍‌ସୋନ୍ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଡାପ୍‌ସୋନ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ډاپسون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډاپسون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsona" title="Dapsona – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dapsona" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson%C4%83" title="Dapsonă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dapsonă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дапсон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дапсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsoni" title="Dapsoni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dapsoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="డాప్సోన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డాప్సోన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99" title="แดพโซน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แดพโซน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dapson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дапсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дапсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsone" title="Dapsone – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dapsone" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E8%8B%AF%E7%A2%B8" title="氨苯碸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氨苯碸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%99%AE%E9%A0%8C" title="達普頌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達普頌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q422226#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dapsone" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dapsone" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Antibiotic medication</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pharmaceutical compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1269284339">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Dapsone">Dapsone</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dapsone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dapsone.svg/220px-Dapsone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dapsone.svg/330px-Dapsone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dapsone.svg/440px-Dapsone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="219" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size dark_mode_safe" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dapsone3d.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dapsone3d.png/220px-Dapsone3d.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dapsone3d.png/330px-Dapsone3d.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dapsone3d.png/440px-Dapsone3d.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Aczone, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dapsone.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682128.html">a682128</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Dapsone">Dapsone</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">By mouth, topical</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D10" title="ATC code D10">D10AX05</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D10AX05">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J04" title="ATC code J04">J04BA02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J04BA02">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a></li> <li>In general: ℞ (Prescription only)</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70 to 80%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70 to 90%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/CYP2E1" title="CYP2E1">CYP2E1</a>-mediated)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">20 to 30 hours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">Kidney</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">4-[(4-aminobenzene)sulfonyl]aniline</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=80-08-0">80-08-0</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2955">2955</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00250">DB00250</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2849.html">2849</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/8W5C518302">8W5C518302</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00592">D00592</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:4325">CHEBI:4325</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1043">ChEMBL1043</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4020371">DTXSID4020371</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422226#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.001.136">100.001.136</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422226#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>12</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>12</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>2</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub><span title="Sulfur">S</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002248300000000000♠"></span>248.30</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DS%28%3DO%29%28c1ccc%28N%29cc1%29c2ccc%28N%29cc2">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">175 to 176 °C (347 to 349 °F)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=S(=O)(c1ccc(N)cc1)c2ccc(N)cc2</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C12H12N2O2S/c13-9-1-5-11(6-2-9)17(15,16)12-7-3-10(14)4-8-12/h1-8H,13-14H2<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=460773489&page2=Dapsone">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dapsone</b>, also known as <b>4,4'-sulfonyldianiline</b> (<b>SDA</b>) or <b>diaminodiphenyl sulfone</b> (<b>DDS</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a> commonly used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clofazimine" title="Clofazimine">clofazimine</a> for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a second-line medication for the treatment and prevention of <a href="/wiki/Pneumocystis_pneumonia" title="Pneumocystis pneumonia">pneumocystis pneumonia</a> and for the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis</a> in those who have <a href="/wiki/Immunocompromise" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunocompromise">poor immune function</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, it has been used for <a href="/wiki/Acne_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acne vulgaris">acne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">dermatitis herpetiformis</a>, and various other skin conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhu2001_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhu2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dapsone is available both topically and by mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-Joe2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joe2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Severe side effects may include a <a href="/wiki/Agranulocytosis" title="Agranulocytosis">decrease in blood cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemolysis" title="Hemolysis">red blood cell breakdown</a> especially in those with <a href="/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiency" title="Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency">glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency</a> (G-6-PD), or hypersensitivity.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common side effects include nausea and loss of appetite.<sup id="cite_ref-Joe2012_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joe2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other side effects include <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">liver inflammation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a number of types of skin rashes.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the safety of use during pregnancy is not entirely clear some physicians recommend that it be continued in those with leprosy.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is of the <a href="/wiki/Sulfone" title="Sulfone">sulfone</a> class.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapsone was first studied as an antibiotic in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhu2001_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhu2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use for leprosy began in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhu2001_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhu2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The form, which is taken by mouth, is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic drug</a> and not very expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infections">Infections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dapsone is commonly used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clofazimine" title="Clofazimine">clofazimine</a> for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used to both treat and prevent <a href="/wiki/Pneumocystis_pneumonia" title="Pneumocystis pneumonia">pneumocystis pneumonia</a> (PCP).<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMH_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used for <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis</a> in people unable to tolerate <a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim" title="Trimethoprim">trimethoprim</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole" title="Sulfamethoxazole">sulfamethoxazole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AMH_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapsone by mouth was one of the first medications used to treat moderate to severe acne vulgaris, and is still occasionally prescribed for the treatment of severe cases.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A topical form of dapsone is also effective with potentially less side effects.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is unclear if the combination with <a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">pyrimethamine</a> is useful in the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autoimmune_disease">Autoimmune disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Autoimmune disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dapsone is effective and safe in persons with moderate, severe, or refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Dapsone is effective and safe for adjunctive glucocorticoid-sparing treatment of persons with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and is preferred over danazol or interferon alpha in those people with antinuclear antibodies.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_spontaneous_urticaria" title="Chronic spontaneous urticaria">Chronic spontaneous urticaria</a>. Dapsone is effective and safe for treatment of second-line therapy for people with <a href="/wiki/Chronic_spontaneous_urticaria" title="Chronic spontaneous urticaria">chronic spontaneous urticaria</a> in those for whom antihistamines and other first-line agents have failed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Relapsing polychondritis. There are no clinical trials but there are many case reports that dapsone is effective at doses of 25 mg/day to 200 mg/day for treatment of relapsing polychondritis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">Dermatitis herpetiformis</a> in combination with a <a href="/wiki/Gluten-free_diet" title="Gluten-free diet">gluten-free diet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapsone may be used to treat <a href="/wiki/Brown_recluse_spider" title="Brown recluse spider">brown recluse spider</a> bites that become <a href="/wiki/Necrotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Necrotic">necrotic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapsone is the recommended treatment for <a href="/wiki/Erythema_elevatum_diutinum" title="Erythema elevatum diutinum">erythema elevatum diutinum</a>, as a review found that using oral dapsone alone was effective in 80% of early cases of the disease. However, dapsone can potentially cause severe side effects, meaning that sometimes steroids or other antibiotics should be used instead, although these alternative treatments are much less effective.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An August 2015 review notes that dapsone is reported to be effective against <a href="/wiki/Generalized_granuloma_annulare" title="Generalized granuloma annulare">generalized granuloma annulare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapsone has been used as a monomer in the design of dye adsorbent polymers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications_and_precautions">Contraindications and precautions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contraindications and precautions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People with <a href="/wiki/Porphyria" title="Porphyria">porphyria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, cardiac disease, lung disease, <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> infection, <a href="/wiki/G6PD_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="G6PD deficiency">G6PD deficiency</a>, and liver impairment are at higher risks of adverse effects when using dapsone.<sup id="cite_ref-AMH_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hypersensitivity reactions occur in 1.4% of persons treated with dapsone, and can be fatal in medical settings with low resources.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a form of <a href="/wiki/Severe_cutaneous_adverse_reactions" title="Severe cutaneous adverse reactions">severe cutaneous adverse reactions</a> (SCARs) in which a SCARs disorder, primarily the <a href="/wiki/DRESS_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="DRESS syndrome">DRESS syndrome</a> or a DRESS syndrome-like reaction occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-Bocquet_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bocquet-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28885988_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28885988-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood">Blood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Blood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hemolysis" title="Hemolysis">Hemolysis</a> is the most prominent side-effect, occurring in about 20 % of patients treated with dapsone,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it is dose-related. It may lead to <a href="/wiki/Hemolytic_anemia" title="Hemolytic anemia">hemolytic anemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The side-effect is more common and severe in those with <a href="/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiency" title="Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency">glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency</a>, leading to the dapsone-containing antimalarial combination Lapdap being withdrawn from clinical use.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lapdap_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lapdap-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A case of hemolysis in a neonate from dapsone in breast milk has been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanders1982_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanders1982-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agranulocytosis" title="Agranulocytosis">Agranulocytosis</a> occurs rarely when dapsone is used alone but more frequently in combination regimens for malaria prophylaxis.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abnormalities in <a href="/wiki/White_blood_cell" title="White blood cell">white blood cell</a> formation, including <a href="/wiki/Aplastic_anemia" title="Aplastic anemia">aplastic anemia</a>, are rare, yet are the cause of the majority of deaths attributable to dapsone therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">Methemoglobinemia</a> occurs in about 15 % of patients treated with long-term dapsone at standard doses (100 mg/day). Only special multi-wavelength oximeters (<a href="/wiki/CO-oximeter" title="CO-oximeter">CO-oximeters</a>) can detect <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a> directly. When there is a "saturation gap" between a low ordinary <a href="/wiki/Pulse_oximeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse oximeter">pulse oximeter</a> reading and a high arterial <a href="/wiki/Blood_gas_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood gas analysis">blood gas analysis</a> result, methemoglobinemia may be suspected.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liver">Liver</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toxic <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cholestatic_jaundice" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholestatic jaundice">cholestatic jaundice</a> have been reported by the manufacturer. These toxic reactions may also occur as part of the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (a form of SCARs-see above) or dapsone syndrome (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-Bocquet_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bocquet-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dapsone is metabolized by the <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450">Cytochrome P450</a> system, specifically <a href="/wiki/Isozymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Isozymes">isozymes</a> <a href="/wiki/CYP2D6" title="CYP2D6">CYP2D6</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP2B6" title="CYP2B6">CYP2B6</a>, <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CYP2C19" title="CYP2C19">CYP2C19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dapsone metabolites produced by the <a href="/wiki/CYP2C19" title="CYP2C19">cytochrome P450 2C19</a> isozyme are associated with the <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a> side effect of the drug.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skin">Skin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Skin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When used topically, dapsone can cause mild skin irritation, redness, dry skin, burning, and itching. When used together with benzoyl peroxide products, temporary yellow or orange skin discolorations can occur.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dapsone_hypersensitivity_syndrome">Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hypersensitivity" title="Hypersensitivity">Hypersensitivity</a> reactions occur in some patients. This reaction may be more frequent in patients receiving multiple-drug therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reaction always involves a <a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">rash</a>, may also include <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, jaundice, and <a href="/wiki/Eosinophilia" title="Eosinophilia">eosinophilia</a>, and is likely to be one manifestation of the SCARs reaction viz., the <a href="/wiki/DRESS_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="DRESS syndrome">DRESS syndrome</a> (see above).<sup id="cite_ref-Bocquet_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bocquet-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, these symptoms will occur within the first six weeks of therapy or not at all, and may be ameliorated by <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroid</a> therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-AMH_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_adverse_effects">Other adverse effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other adverse effects include <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">rash</a> (which are common), and <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy" title="Peripheral neuropathy">peripheral neuropathy</a>. Effects on the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a> occur rarely and may be serious, though are generally reversible.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an <a href="/wiki/Antibacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial">antibacterial</a>, dapsone inhibits <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacterial</a> synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Dihydrofolic_acid" title="Dihydrofolic acid">dihydrofolic acid</a>, via competition with <a href="/wiki/4-Aminobenzoic_acid" title="4-Aminobenzoic acid">para-aminobenzoate</a> for the active site of <a href="/wiki/Dihydropteroate_synthase" title="Dihydropteroate synthase">dihydropteroate synthase</a>, thereby inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though structurally distinct from dapsone, the <a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">sulfonamide</a> group of antibacterial drugs also work in this way.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As an <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a>, dapsone inhibits the myeloperoxidase-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-halide-mediated cytotoxic system in polymorphonucleocytes.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_burst" title="Respiratory burst">respiratory burst</a> that <a href="/wiki/Neutrophil" title="Neutrophil">neutrophils</a> use to kill bacteria, myeloperoxidase converts hydrogen peroxide (<span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>) into <a href="/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid" title="Hypochlorous acid">hypochlorous acid</a> (HOCl). HOCl is the most potent oxidant generated by neutrophils, and can cause significant tissue damage during inflammation. Dapsone arrests myeloperoxidase in an inactive intermediate form, reversibly inhibiting the enzyme. This prevents accumulation of hypochlorous acid, and reduces tissue damage during inflammation.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Myeloperoxidase inhibition has also been suggested as a neuron-sparing mechanism for reducing inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a> and stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapsone's <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> and immunomodulatory effects<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are thought to be its mechanism of action in treating <a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">dermatitis herpetiformis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapsone is an odorless white to creamy-white crystalline powder with a slightly bitter taste.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery">Discovery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dapsone_synthesis_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Dapsone_synthesis_2.svg/400px-Dapsone_synthesis_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Dapsone_synthesis_2.svg/600px-Dapsone_synthesis_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Dapsone_synthesis_2.svg/800px-Dapsone_synthesis_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="49" /></a><figcaption>Synthesis of dapsone from <a href="/wiki/4-nitrochlorobenzene" class="mw-redirect" title="4-nitrochlorobenzene">4-nitrochlorobenzene</a> by E. Fromm and J. Wittmann, 1908<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 20th century, the German chemist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> was developing theories of selective toxicity based largely on the ability of certain <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dyes</a> to kill <a href="/wiki/Microbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbe">microbes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a>, who would later win a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> for his efforts, made a major breakthrough in 1932 with the discovery of the antibacterial <a href="/wiki/Prontosil" title="Prontosil">prontosil red</a> (sulfonamidochrysoidine). Further investigation into the involved chemicals opened the way to <a href="/wiki/Sulfa_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfa drug">sulfa drug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfone" title="Sulfone">sulfone therapy</a>, first with the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Sulfanilamide" title="Sulfanilamide">sulfanilamide</a>, the active agent of prontosil, by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a> and his team at <a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">Pasteur Institute</a> (1935),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then with that of dapsone independently by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" title="Ernest Fourneau">Ernest Fourneau</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in France and Gladwin Buttle<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-urlLeprosy_|14_History_of_dapsone_and_dyes_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlLeprosy_|14_History_of_dapsone_and_dyes-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_use_in_antimalarial_drugs">Proposed use in antimalarial drugs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Proposed use in antimalarial drugs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The spread of drug-resistant <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in Africa has encouraged the development of new, low-cost antimalarial drugs. <i><a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum" title="Plasmodium falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a></i>, one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium">Plasmodium</a></i> species that causes malaria, has developed resistance both to <a href="/wiki/Chloroquine" title="Chloroquine">chloroquine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine" title="Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine">sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine</a>, two of the most common treatments for malaria. <a href="/wiki/Artemisinin" title="Artemisinin">Artemisinin</a>, another antimalarial drug, had been developed in the 1980s but was too expensive for large-scale use. This led <a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline</a> to develop <a href="/wiki/Lapdap" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapdap">Lapdap</a>, a combination drug consisting of <a href="/wiki/Chlorproguanil" title="Chlorproguanil">chlorproguanil</a> and dapsone. Lapdap was licensed in the United Kingdom starting in October 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Lapdap_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lapdap-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One advantage of Lapdap was that chlorproguanil and dapsone are both low-cost drugs. Another was that by virtue of being a combination drug, it was less likely to cause drug resistance. However, because dapsone causes hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency, and because G6PD deficiency affects 10-25% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa, it was discovered that Lapdap is not safe for use in Africa. It was available in many African countries for four years before GlaxoSmithKline took it off the market in February 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Lapdap_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lapdap-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dapsone_gel">Dapsone gel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dapsone gel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dapsone had been reported in a few cases to effectively treat acne, but the risk of hemolytic anemia kept it from being widely used for this purpose. For many years scientists attempted to develop a topical formulation of dapsone that would be as effective against acne as oral dapsone, but without the hemolysis side effect. This was difficult to accomplish because dapsone is highly insoluble in aqueous solvents. In the early 2000s QLT USA developed Aczone, a 5% dapsone gel that was shown to be effective against acne without causing clinically significant declines in hemoglobin levels, even in subjects with G6PD deficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2016, the FDA approved a 7.5% dapsone gel. This higher strength has the advantage of a once-daily application, versus twice-daily application of the 5% formulation.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>4,4-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone also finds uses as a <a href="/wiki/Curing_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Curing agent">curing agent</a> for materials like <a href="/wiki/Epoxy_resins" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoxy resins">epoxy resins</a> and imine-based <a href="/wiki/Vitrimers" title="Vitrimers">vitrimers</a>, applications include in printed circuit boards, adhesives and coatings.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use in epoxy systems typically give a resin with a high <a href="/wiki/Glass-transition_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass-transition temperature">glass-transition temperature</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promin" title="Promin">Promin</a>, a more-soluble derivative</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/dapsomed-medsurge-pharma-pty-ltd">https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/dapsomed-medsurge-pharma-pty-ltd</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dapsone.html">"Dapsone Use During Pregnancy"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. 11 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Dapsone+Use+During+Pregnancy&rft.date=2019-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fpregnancy%2Fdapsone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADapsone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemke2008" class="citation book cs1">Lemke TL (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R0W1ErpsQpkC&pg=PA1142"><i>Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry</i></a>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780781768795" title="Special:BookSources/9780781768795"><bdi>9780781768795</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193954/https://books.google.ca/books?id=R0W1ErpsQpkC&pg=PA1142">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foye%27s+Principles+of+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.pages=1142&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780781768795&rft.aulast=Lemke&rft.aufirst=TL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR0W1ErpsQpkC%26pg%3DPA1142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADapsone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dapsone.html">"Dapsone (Systemic) Monograph for Professionals"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150112133333/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/dapsone.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aczone+%28dapsone%29+7.5%25+Gel+Prescribing+Information&rft.pub=Allergan&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almirall.us%2Fpdf%2Faczone_7-5_pi_2019-09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADapsone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/es/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13793/3/1/5">"ECHA dapsone registration dossier"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ECHA+dapsone+registration+dossier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecha.europa.eu%2Fes%2Fregistration-dossier%2F-%2Fregistered-dossier%2F13793%2F3%2F1%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADapsone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atul.co.in/polymers/product/lapox-ash-10">"LAPOX ASH-10"</a>. <i>Atul Ltd</i>. 3 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atul+Ltd&rft.atitle=LAPOX+ASH-10&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atul.co.in%2Fpolymers%2Fproduct%2Flapox-ash-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADapsone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoustraDijksmanZuilhofSmulders2020" class="citation journal cs1">Schoustra SK, Dijksman JA, Zuilhof H, Smulders MM (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8178953">"Molecular control over vitrimer-like mechanics - tuneable dynamic motifs based on the Hammett equation in polyimine materials"</a>. <i>Chemical Science</i>. <b>12</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">293–</span>302. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fd0sc05458e">10.1039/d0sc05458e</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8178953">8178953</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34163597">34163597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Science&rft.atitle=Molecular+control+over+vitrimer-like+mechanics+-+tuneable+dynamic+motifs+based+on+the+Hammett+equation+in+polyimine+materials&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E293-%3C%2Fspan%3E302&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8178953%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34163597&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fd0sc05458e&rft.aulast=Schoustra&rft.aufirst=SK&rft.au=Dijksman%2C+JA&rft.au=Zuilhof%2C+H&rft.au=Smulders%2C+MM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8178953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADapsone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapsone&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/dapsone">"Dapsone"</a>. <i>Drug Information Portal</i>. U.S. National Library of Medicine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Portal&rft.atitle=Dapsone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdruginfo.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdrugportal%2Fname%2Fdapsone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADapsone" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">Rifamycins</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/RNA_polymerase" title="RNA polymerase">RNA polymerase</a> inhibitor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifabutin" title="Rifabutin">Rifabutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifapentine" title="Rifapentine">Rifapentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifalazil" title="Rifalazil">Rifalazil</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antifolate" title="Antifolate">Antifolates</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dihydropteroate_synthetase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor">DSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dapsone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acedapsone" title="Acedapsone">Acedapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diucifon" title="Diucifon">Diucifon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promin" title="Promin">Promin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solasulfone" title="Solasulfone">Solasulfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfoxone" title="Sulfoxone">Sulfoxone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ASA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/4-Aminosalicylic_acid" title="4-Aminosalicylic acid">4-Aminosalicylic acid</a></i><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Calcium_aminosalicylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium aminosalicylate">Calcium aminosalicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_aminosalicylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium aminosalicylate">Sodium aminosalicylate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Topoisomerase_inhibitor" title="Topoisomerase inhibitor">Topoisomerase inhibitors</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">quinolones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gatifloxacin" title="Gatifloxacin">Gatifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxifloxacin" title="Moxifloxacin">Moxifloxacin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protein_synthesis_inhibitor" title="Protein synthesis inhibitor">Protein synthesis inhibitor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aminoglycoside" title="Aminoglycoside">Aminoglycosides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amikacin" title="Amikacin">Amikacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanamycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanamycin">Kanamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin">Streptomycin</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2-Oxazolidone" class="mw-redirect" title="2-Oxazolidone">Oxazolidone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid">Linezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutezolid" title="Sutezolid">Sutezolid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polypeptide_antibiotic" title="Polypeptide antibiotic">Polypeptide antibiotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capreomycin" title="Capreomycin">Capreomycin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cell_envelope_antibiotic" title="Cell envelope antibiotic">Cell envelope antibiotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peptidoglycan" title="Peptidoglycan">Peptidoglycan</a> layer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">Alanine</a> analogue: <a href="/wiki/Cycloserine" title="Cycloserine">Cycloserine</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabinogalactan" title="Arabinogalactan">Arabinogalactan</a> layer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethylenediamine" title="Ethylenediamine">Ethylenediamine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arabinosyltransferase" title="Arabinosyltransferase">arabinosyltransferase</a> inhibitor: <a href="/wiki/Ethambutol" title="Ethambutol">Ethambutol</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SQ109" title="SQ109">SQ109</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mycolic_acid" title="Mycolic acid">Mycolic acid</a> layer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazide" title="Hydrazide">Hydrazides</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mycolic_acid" title="Mycolic acid">mycolic acid</a> synth. inhibition: <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">Isoniazid</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methaniazide" title="Methaniazide">Methaniazide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiocarbamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiocarbamide">Thiocarbamides</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ethionamide" title="Ethionamide">Ethionamide</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothionamide" title="Prothionamide">Prothionamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocarlide" title="Thiocarlide">Thiocarlide</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Others/unsorted: <a href="/wiki/Thioacetazone" title="Thioacetazone">Thioacetazone (amithiozone)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phenazine" title="Phenazine">Phenazine</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Clofazimine" title="Clofazimine">Clofazimine</a>)<sup>#</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrazine" title="Pyrazine">Pyrazine</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pyrazinamide" title="Pyrazinamide">Pyrazinamide</a><sup>#</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Morinamide" title="Morinamide">Morinamide</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isoxazole" title="Isoxazole">Isoxazole</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Terizidone" title="Terizidone">Terizidone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedaquiline" title="Bedaquiline">Bedaquiline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitroimidazole" title="Nitroimidazole">Nitroimidazole</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Delamanid" title="Delamanid">Delamanid</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pretomanid" title="Pretomanid">Pretomanid</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethambutol/isoniazid" title="Ethambutol/isoniazid">Ethambutol/isoniazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin" title="Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin">Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin" title="Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin">Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim" title="Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim">Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide" title="Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide">Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antibacterials_that_inhibit_nucleic_acid_(J01E,_J01M)902" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nucleic_acid_inhibitors" title="Template:Nucleic acid inhibitors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nucleic_acid_inhibitors" title="Template talk:Nucleic acid inhibitors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nucleic_acid_inhibitors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nucleic acid inhibitors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antibacterials_that_inhibit_nucleic_acid_(J01E,_J01M)902" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">Antibacterials</a> that <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_inhibitor" title="Nucleic acid inhibitor">inhibit nucleic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01E" title="ATC code J01">J01E</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01M" title="ATC code J01">J01M</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antifolate" title="Antifolate">Antifolates</a><br />(inhibit bacterial<br /><a href="/wiki/Purine_metabolism" title="Purine metabolism">purine metabolism</a>,<br />thereby inhibiting<br />DNA and RNA<br />synthesis)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase_inhibitor" title="Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor">DHFR inhibitor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2,4-Diaminopyrimidine" title="2,4-Diaminopyrimidine">2,4-Diaminopyrimidine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodimoprim" title="Brodimoprim">Brodimoprim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iclaprim" title="Iclaprim">Iclaprim</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormetoprim" title="Ormetoprim">Ormetoprim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">Pyrimethamine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetroxoprim" title="Tetroxoprim">Tetroxoprim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim" title="Trimethoprim">Trimethoprim</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamides</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Dihydropteroate_synthetase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor">DHPS inhibitor</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)#Short-acting" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Short-acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfisomidine" title="Sulfisomidine">Sulfaisodimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethizole" title="Sulfamethizole">Sulfamethizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadimidine" title="Sulfadimidine">Sulfadimidine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfamethazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfamethazine">Sulfamethazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfadimerazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfadimerazine">Sulfadimerazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfadimezine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfadimezine">Sulfadimezine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfapyridine" title="Sulfapyridine">Sulfapyridine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfasalazine" title="Sulfasalazine">Sulfasalazine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfafurazole" title="Sulfafurazole">Sulfafurazole</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetyl_sulfisoxazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetyl sulfisoxazole (page does not exist)">Acetyl sulfisoxazole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfanilamide" title="Sulfanilamide">Sulfanilamide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prontosil" title="Prontosil">Prontosil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfathiazole" title="Sulfathiazole">Sulfathiazole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phthalylsulfathiazole" title="Phthalylsulfathiazole">Phthalylsulfathiazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Succinylsulfathiazole" title="Succinylsulfathiazole">Succinylsulfathiazole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfathiourea" title="Sulfathiourea">Sulfathiourea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)#Intermediate-acting" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Intermediate-acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole" title="Sulfamethoxazole">Sulfamethoxazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadiazine" title="Sulfadiazine">Sulfadiazine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamoxole" title="Sulfamoxole">Sulfamoxole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)#Long-acting" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Long-acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadimethoxine" title="Sulfadimethoxine">Sulfadimethoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine" title="Sulfadoxine">Sulfadoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfalene" title="Sulfalene">Sulfalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfametomidine" title="Sulfametomidine">Sulfametomidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfametoxydiazine" title="Sulfametoxydiazine">Sulfametoxydiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxypyridazine" title="Sulfamethoxypyridazine">Sulfamethoxypyridazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaperin" title="Sulfaperin">Sulfaperin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamerazine" title="Sulfamerazine">Sulfamerazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaphenazole" title="Sulfaphenazole">Sulfaphenazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamazone" title="Sulfamazone">Sulfamazone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafenide" title="Mafenide">Mafenide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfacetamide" title="Sulfacetamide">Sulfacetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfaclozine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfaclozine (page does not exist)">Sulfaclozine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadicramide" title="Sulfadicramide">Sulfadicramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaguanidine" title="Sulfaguanidine">Sulfaguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfametrole" title="Sulfametrole">Sulfametrole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfanitran" title="Sulfanitran">Sulfanitran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole" title="Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole">Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadimethoxine#with_ormetoprim" title="Sulfadimethoxine">Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrimethamine/dapsone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrimethamine/dapsone (page does not exist)">Pyrimethamine/dapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (page does not exist)">Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other DHPS inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acediasulfone" title="Acediasulfone">Acediasulfone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solasulfone" title="Solasulfone">Solasulfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfoxone" title="Sulfoxone">Sulfoxone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">Quinolones</a><br />(inhibit bacterial<br /><a href="/wiki/Topoisomerase_inhibitor" title="Topoisomerase inhibitor">topoisomerase</a><br />and/or <a href="/wiki/DNA_gyrase" title="DNA gyrase">DNA gyrase</a>,<br />thereby inhibiting<br /><a href="/wiki/DNA_replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#First_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">1st generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinoxacin" title="Cinoxacin">Cinoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumequine" title="Flumequine">Flumequine</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalidixic_acid" title="Nalidixic acid">Nalidixic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxolinic_acid" title="Oxolinic acid">Oxolinic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipemidic_acid" title="Pipemidic acid">Pipemidic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piromidic_acid" title="Piromidic acid">Piromidic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosoxacin" title="Rosoxacin">Rosoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">Fluoroquinolones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Second_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">2nd generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">Ciprofloxacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofloxacin" title="Ofloxacin">Ofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxacin" title="Enoxacin">Enoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleroxacin" title="Fleroxacin">Fleroxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomefloxacin" title="Lomefloxacin">Lomefloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadifloxacin" title="Nadifloxacin">Nadifloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Levonadifloxacin" title="Levonadifloxacin">Levonadifloxacin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alalevonadifloxacin" title="Alalevonadifloxacin">Alalevonadifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfloxacin" title="Norfloxacin">Norfloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pefloxacin" title="Pefloxacin">Pefloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufloxacin" title="Rufloxacin">Rufloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Third_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">3rd generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levofloxacin" title="Levofloxacin">Levofloxacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balofloxacin" title="Balofloxacin">Balofloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grepafloxacin" title="Grepafloxacin">Grepafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazufloxacin" title="Pazufloxacin">Pazufloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparfloxacin" title="Sparfloxacin">Sparfloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temafloxacin" title="Temafloxacin">Temafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosufloxacin" title="Tosufloxacin">Tosufloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Fourth_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">4th generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besifloxacin" title="Besifloxacin">Besifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delafloxacin" title="Delafloxacin">Delafloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatifloxacin" title="Gatifloxacin">Gatifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finafloxacin" title="Finafloxacin">Finafloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemifloxacin" title="Gemifloxacin">Gemifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxifloxacin" title="Moxifloxacin">Moxifloxacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinafloxacin" title="Clinafloxacin">Clinafloxacin</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garenoxacin" title="Garenoxacin">Garenoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prulifloxacin" title="Prulifloxacin">Prulifloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitafloxacin" title="Sitafloxacin">Sitafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trovafloxacin" title="Trovafloxacin">Trovafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Alatrofloxacin" title="Alatrofloxacin">Alatrofloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Veterinary_use" title="Quinolone antibiotic">Veterinary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danofloxacin" title="Danofloxacin">Danofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difloxacin" title="Difloxacin">Difloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrofloxacin" title="Enrofloxacin">Enrofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibafloxacin" title="Ibafloxacin">Ibafloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbofloxacin" title="Marbofloxacin">Marbofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbifloxacin" title="Orbifloxacin">Orbifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradofloxacin" title="Pradofloxacin">Pradofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafloxacin" title="Sarafloxacin">Sarafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newer non-fluorinated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemonoxacin" title="Nemonoxacin">Nemonoxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozenoxacin" title="Ozenoxacin">Ozenoxacin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related (<a href="/wiki/DNA_gyrase" title="DNA gyrase">DG</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminocoumarin" title="Aminocoumarin">Aminocoumarins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Novobiocin" title="Novobiocin">Novobiocin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_organism" title="Anaerobic organism">Anaerobic</a> DNA<br /><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_inhibitor#DNA_inhibitors" title="Nucleic acid inhibitor">inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nitroimidazole_derivatives30" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitroimidazole" title="Nitroimidazole">Nitroimidazole</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secnidazole" title="Secnidazole">Secnidazole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> synthesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">Rifamycins</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase" title="RNA-dependent RNA polymerase">RNA polymerase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifabutin" title="Rifabutin">Rifabutin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifapentine" title="Rifapentine">Rifapentine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifalazil" title="Rifalazil">Rifalazil</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lipiarmycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipiarmycin">Lipiarmycins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fidaxomicin" title="Fidaxomicin">Fidaxomicin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Acne-treating_agents_(D10)190" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acne-treating_agents" title="Template:Acne-treating agents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acne-treating_agents" title="Template talk:Acne-treating agents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acne-treating_agents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acne-treating agents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Acne-treating_agents_(D10)190" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Acne_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acne vulgaris">Acne</a>-treating agents (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D10" title="ATC code D10">D10</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiseptic" title="Antiseptic">Antibacterial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azelaic_acid" title="Azelaic acid">Azelaic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoyl_peroxide" title="Benzoyl peroxide">Benzoyl peroxide</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Hydroxyquinoline" title="8-Hydroxyquinoline">8-Hydroxyquinoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_therapy" title="Light therapy">Blue light therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">Tea tree oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Keratolytic" title="Keratolytic">Keratolytic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glycolic_acid" title="Glycolic acid">Glycolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_(pharmacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur (pharmacy)">Sulfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoyl_peroxide" title="Benzoyl peroxide">Benzoyl peroxide</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">Anti-inflammatory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niacinamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacinamide">Niacinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_therapy" title="Light therapy">Red light therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">Antibiotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">Clindamycin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfacetamide" title="Sulfacetamide">Sulfacetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline_antibiotics" title="Tetracycline antibiotics">Tetracyclines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lymecycline" title="Lymecycline">Lymecycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minocycline" title="Minocycline">Minocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxycycline" title="Doxycycline">Doxycycline</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">Hormonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">Drospirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retinoid" title="Retinoid">Retinoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adapalene" title="Adapalene">Adapalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotretinoin" title="Isotretinoin">Isotretinoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motretinide" title="Motretinide">Motretinide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazarotene" title="Tazarotene">Tazarotene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tretinoin" title="Tretinoin">Tretinoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifarotene" title="Trifarotene">Trifarotene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epristeride" title="Epristeride">Epristeride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesulfen" title="Mesulfen">Mesulfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelretin" title="Pelretin">Pelretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridex" title="Stridex">Stridex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioxolone" title="Tioxolone">Tioxolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adapalene/benzoyl_peroxide" title="Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide">Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin/adapalene/benzoyl_peroxide" title="Clindamycin/adapalene/benzoyl peroxide">Clindamycin/adapalene/benzoyl peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin/benzoyl_peroxide" title="Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide">Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin/tretinoin" title="Clindamycin/tretinoin">Clindamycin/tretinoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin/benzoyl_peroxide" title="Erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide">Erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin/isotretinoin" title="Erythromycin/isotretinoin">Erythromycin/isotretinoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfacetamide/sulfur" title="Sulfacetamide/sulfur">Sulfacetamide/sulfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tretinoin/benzoyl_peroxide" title="Tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide">Tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a 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