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<span>Shaktism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaktism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kamakshi-shrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamakshi-shrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kamakshi-shrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamakshi-shrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durvasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durvasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Durvasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durvasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tirukkalvanur_Divya_Desam_(Vishnu)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tirukkalvanur_Divya_Desam_(Vishnu)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tirukkalvanur Divya Desam (Vishnu)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tirukkalvanur_Divya_Desam_(Vishnu)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_sacred_history_of_the_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_sacred_history_of_the_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related sacred history of the place</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_sacred_history_of_the_place-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related sacred history of the place subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_sacred_history_of_the_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shakti_Peetha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shakti_Peetha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Shakti Peetha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shakti_Peetha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tripura_Sundari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tripura_Sundari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tripura Sundari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tripura_Sundari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhandasura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhandasura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bhandasura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhandasura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Shiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adi_Shankara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adi_Shankara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Adi Shankara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adi_Shankara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_rituals_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_rituals_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Temple rituals and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_rituals_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanchi_Kamakoti_Peetham" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanchi_Kamakoti_Peetham"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanchi_Kamakoti_Peetham-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamakshi Amman Temple</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0" title="कामाक्षी मन्दिर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कामाक्षी मन्दिर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakshi-Tempel" title="Kamakshi-Tempel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kamakshi-Tempel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_Kamak%C5%9Di_Amman" title="Templo Kamakŝi Amman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Templo Kamakŝi Amman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakshi_Amman_tenplua" title="Kamakshi Amman tenplua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kamakshi Amman tenplua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0,_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="कामाक्षी अम्मन मंदिर, कांचीपुरम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कामाक्षी अम्मन मंदिर, कांचीपुरम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="കാമാക്ഷി അമ്മൻ കോവിൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാമാക്ഷി അമ്മൻ കോവിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%89_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85,_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="معبد كاماكشى عمان (كانتشيبورام, الهند) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معبد كاماكشى عمان (كانتشيبورام, الهند)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempulli_Kamakshi_Aman" title="Tempulli Kamakshi Aman – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tempulli Kamakshi Aman" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD" title="කන්චි කාමාක්ෂී කෝවිල – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කන්චි කාමාක්ෂී කෝවිල" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="காஞ்சிபுரம் காமாட்சியம்மன் கோயில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஞ்சிபுரம் காமாட்சியம்மன் கோயில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF)" title="కామాక్షి అమ్మవారి దేవాలయం (కంచి) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కామాక్షి అమ్మవారి దేవాలయం (కంచి)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2738610#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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79.703238</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hindu temple in Kanchipuram</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #FFC569">Kamakshi Amman Temple</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanchipuram.in_Kamakshi-Amman_Temple_-_panoramio_-_SINHA_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The temple tower at Kanchi Kamakshi temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kanchipuram.in_Kamakshi-Amman_Temple_-_panoramio_-_SINHA_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kanchipuram.in_Kamakshi-Amman_Temple_-_panoramio_-_SINHA_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kanchipuram.in_Kamakshi-Amman_Temple_-_panoramio_-_SINHA_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kanchipuram.in_Kamakshi-Amman_Temple_-_panoramio_-_SINHA_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kanchipuram.in_Kamakshi-Amman_Temple_-_panoramio_-_SINHA_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Kanchipuram.in_Kamakshi-Amman_Temple_-_panoramio_-_SINHA_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="744" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Main <a href="/wiki/Gopuram" title="Gopuram">gopuram</a> (entrance tower) to the temple</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">District</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram_district" title="Kanchipuram district">Kanchipuram district</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakshi">Kamakshi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram Town</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&params=12.840684_N_79.703238_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°50′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°42′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.840684°N 79.703238°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.840684; 79.703238</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian architecture</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kamakshi Amman Temple</b>, also known as <b>Kamakoti Nayaki Kovil</b>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> temple dedicated to the goddess <a href="/wiki/Tripura_Sundari" title="Tripura Sundari">Kamakshi</a>, one of the highest aspects of <a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Adi Parashakti</a>, the supreme goddess in <a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a>. The temple is located in the historic city of <a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>It may have been founded in the 5th-8th century CE by the <a href="/wiki/Pallava" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava">Pallava</a> kings,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose capital was in Kanchipuram. It may also have been built by the <a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Cholas</a> in the 14th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabu202025_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabu202025-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and legend also says it was built as recent as 1783.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoskoff2008991-992_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoskoff2008991-992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple is one of the most important centers of <a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. The temple is dedicated mainly to Kamakshi, but also has a shrine for <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, in his form of <a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tirukkalvanoor_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tirukkalvanoor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>web 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kamakshi is worshipped in the shrine in five forms. </p><p>The temple is also the center for the <a href="/wiki/Kanchi_Kamakoti_Peetham" title="Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham">Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temple may have been founded by the <a href="/wiki/Pallava" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava">Pallava</a> kings in the 5th-8th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose capital was in Kanchipuram. The temple is glorified by the 6th-9th century <i><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a> <a href="/wiki/Alwars" class="mw-redirect" title="Alwars">Alvars</a></i> (Tamil saint poets) in the <a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (compiled 9th century). It was modified in the fourteenth and seventeenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENN2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENN2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Babu, it was built by the <a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola's</a> in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabu202025_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabu202025-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koskoff refers to a legend about the golden statue of Kamakshi. According to this legend, after the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire in 1565 the statue had been carried throughout South India by attendants, seeking a permanent temple. From 1739 to 1781 it was enshrined in the Tiruvarur temple, and in 1783 the Kamakshi Amman temple was built for the idol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoskoff2008991-992_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoskoff2008991-992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shaktism">Shaktism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Shaktism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sri Kamakshi Amman Temple, along with the goddesses <a href="/wiki/Meenakshi" title="Meenakshi">Meenakshi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, and either <a href="/wiki/Vishalakshi_Temple" title="Vishalakshi Temple">Vishalakshi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Akilandeswari" title="Akilandeswari">Akhilandeshwari</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thiruvanaikaval" title="Thiruvanaikaval">Thiruvanaikovil</a>, is one of the most important centers of <a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. The Sri Kamakshi Amman Temple is dedicated to the goddess <a href="/wiki/Kamakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakshi">Kamakshi</a>, one of the highest aspects of <a href="/wiki/Adi_Parashakti" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Parashakti">Adi Parashakti</a>, the mighty goddess in <a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a>. Kamakshi is praised as 'Sri Mata' (respected mother) as the first name in the <a href="/wiki/Lalitha_Sahasranama" class="mw-redirect" title="Lalitha Sahasranama">Lalitha Sahasranama</a>. This temple is also one of the 18 main <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakta_Pithas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakta Pithas (page does not exist)">Shakti Peethas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temple occupies an area of 5 acres (2.0 ha). The sanctum houses the image of <a href="/wiki/Kamakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakshi">Kamakshi</a> in a seated posture and is flanked by the trinity of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>. There are smaller shrines of Bangaru (Golden) <a href="/wiki/Tripura_Sundari" title="Tripura Sundari">Kamakshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a> around the sanctum.<sup id="cite_ref-Diwakar_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diwakar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple is maintained and administered by the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Religious_and_Charitable_Endowments_Department" title="Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department">Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Government of Tamil Nadu">Government of Tamil Nadu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRCE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRCE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kamakshi-shrine">Kamakshi-shrine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kamakshi-shrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamakshi_Ambal_in_Garbhalayam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Kamakshi_Ambal_in_Garbhalayam.jpg/220px-Kamakshi_Ambal_in_Garbhalayam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Kamakshi_Ambal_in_Garbhalayam.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>A painting of Goddess Kamakshi in the sanctum </figcaption></figure> <p>Goddess Kamakshi is worshipped in the shrine in five forms: </p> <ol><li><b>Sri Kamakshi Para Bhattarika</b> – Kamakshi is the main deity of the temple. The idol is seated in the center of the inner sanctum of the shrine from the Gayatri Mandapa. According to the <i>Kamakshi Rahasya</i>, this hall was built by the celestials with the four walls representing the four <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> and the twenty-four pillars representing the twenty-four syllables of the <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Mantra" title="Gayatri Mantra">Gayatri Mantra</a>. The idol, which forms the inner core of the Gayatri Hall, is enshrined at the center of the hall as Kamakshi. She is seated on a throne made from the five <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahmas</a> and sports in her four hands a <a href="/wiki/Noose" title="Noose">noose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">goad</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> <a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">bow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flower</a> <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">arrow</a>. The idol is depicted seated in the <i><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_lotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian lotus">Lotus</a> pose) and faces south-east. The idol of Kamakshi has been described as representing her three forms: <i>Sthula</i> (symbolizing <a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a>), <i>Sukshma</i> (symbolizing <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a>), and <i>Karana</i> or <i>Vasanatmaka</i>. In front of the idol is a <a href="/wiki/Shri_Yantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yantra">Sri Yantra</a>, which according to the temple history was placed there by <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankaracharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Shankaracharya">Adi Shankaracharya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Tapa Kamakshi</b> – This form of Kamakshi can be seen to the right of the main idol and close to the Bila gate. Legend says that <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> was separated from <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, and appeared first as <a href="/wiki/Annapurna_(goddess)" title="Annapurna (goddess)">Annapurneshwari</a> in either <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Horanadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Horanadu">Horanadu</a> and then following the advice of sage <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ty%C4%81yana" title="Kātyāyana">Katyayana</a>, moved to Kanchipuram to worship Shiva as <a href="/wiki/Ekambareswarar_Temple_(Kanchipuram)" title="Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)">Ekambareswara</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> tree near the Vegavati river and married him. Goddess Kamakshi is depicted as a <a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">yogini</a> in a balancing yoga pose in this idol.</li> <li><b>Anjana Kamakshi</b> – Also known as Arupa Lakshmi (formless <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>), her shrine is situated to the left of the main idol, facing the north and in front of the <i>Saubhagya <a href="/wiki/Ganapati" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganapati">Ganapati</a></i> shrine. According to legend, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, due to a curse, is said to have performed penance on her husband <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>'s insistence to regain her lost beauty in this place and, due to the incident, a Lakshmi shrine was built and offerings of <a href="/wiki/Kumkuma" title="Kumkuma">kumkuma</a> are offered to her here before being accepted by the devotees. While she represents Lakshmi in her form as <i>Lakshmi Bija</i>, she represents Kamakshi in the form of <i>Kamakalakshara</i> which is inherent in the Lakshmi shrine.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idol-of-bangaru-kamakshi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Idol-of-bangaru-kamakshi.jpg/220px-Idol-of-bangaru-kamakshi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Idol-of-bangaru-kamakshi.jpg/330px-Idol-of-bangaru-kamakshi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Idol-of-bangaru-kamakshi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Bangaru Kamakshi in Thanjavur</figcaption></figure></li> <li><b>Swarna Kamakshi</b> – The shrine of this deity, also known as Bangaru Kamakshi in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, is situated in the second enclosure. It is said that this form was created by Kamakshi herself, from her third eye to serve as the consort of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ekambareswarar_Temple_(Kanchipuram)" title="Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)">Ekambareswara</a>. After marrying Shiva, she was known as Goddess Elavarkuzhali. The original idol that appeared is seen today in <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a>. The golden idol was transported to Thanjavur by Kamakshi Dasa, in the wake of Muslim invasions. The current idol is made of <a href="/wiki/Panchaloha" title="Panchaloha">panchaloha</a>, an alloy of 5 metals.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utsava_Kamakshi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Utsava_Kamakshi.jpg/220px-Utsava_Kamakshi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Utsava_Kamakshi.jpg/330px-Utsava_Kamakshi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Utsava_Kamakshi.jpg/440px-Utsava_Kamakshi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Utsava Kamakshi</figcaption></figure></li> <li><b>Utsava Kamakshi</b> – The shrine of Utsava Kamakshi, the idol which is brought out during processions, is located in the second enclosure. The idol is accompanied on either side by idols of <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>. While the gods and goddesses are generally accompanied by their consorts in most cases, on account of Kamakshi being powerful than Shiva, there is no shrine for Shiva here. <a href="/wiki/Tripura_Sundari" title="Tripura Sundari">Tripura Sundari</a>, who appeared from the <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> for the destruction of Bhandasura, was presented to the world by <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> with the name Kamakshi. Thus, <i>Kamakshi</i> is the special epithet of the goddess. As she brings joy to the mind of Shiva alias Kameshwara, she is referred to as <i>Kameshwari</i>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Durvasa">Durvasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Durvasa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamakshi_Amman_Temple_Golden_Gopurams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kamakshi_Amman_Temple_Golden_Gopurams.jpg/220px-Kamakshi_Amman_Temple_Golden_Gopurams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kamakshi_Amman_Temple_Golden_Gopurams.jpg/330px-Kamakshi_Amman_Temple_Golden_Gopurams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kamakshi_Amman_Temple_Golden_Gopurams.jpg/440px-Kamakshi_Amman_Temple_Golden_Gopurams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3044" data-file-height="2283" /></a><figcaption>Kamakshi Amman Temple with the golden overlay over its sanctum.</figcaption></figure> <p>In front of the main shrine, is the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Durvasa" title="Durvasa">Durvasa</a>, considered to be an avatar of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. There are thirty-two chief assistants of the goddess eg. <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a>, etc. Among these, <a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kamadeva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lopamudra" title="Lopamudra">Lopamudra</a> and Durvasa are the chief assistants. </p><p>Durvasa represents the <a href="/wiki/Sattva" title="Sattva">sattva</a> power of the goddess, used to protect and correct her devotees, and thus her limitless power and grace. It is Durvasa who is believed to have established the shrine by consecrating a Sri Yantra in front of the idol. He composed the <i>Lalita Stavaratna</i>, also called the <i>Arya Dwishati</i>, describing <a href="/wiki/Manidvipa" title="Manidvipa">Manidvipa</a>, the abode of Kamakshi. He also composed the <i>Tripura Mahimna Stotra</i>, a complete <a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">shastra</a> in itself, and also the <i>Para Shambho Mahima Stotra</i>. Due to a curse by <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a>, he was born as a deaf and mute man and was graced by Kamakshi with <i>Anugraha Diksha</i>, relieving a part of his curse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tirukkalvanur_Divya_Desam_(Vishnu)"><span id="Tirukkalvanur_Divya_Desam_.28Vishnu.29"></span>Tirukkalvanur Divya Desam (Vishnu)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tirukkalvanur Divya Desam (Vishnu)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temple also houses a shrine for <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha Perumal</a>. The Tirukkalvanur <a href="/wiki/Divya_Desam" title="Divya Desam">Divya Desam</a> is one of the <i>108 Divya Desams</i> (Vishnu and Lakshmi temples that are mentioned in the works of the <a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tirukkalvanoor_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tirukkalvanoor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>web 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original temple was a little further from the Kamakshi temple; due to the ruined state of the old shrine, the deity is now placed inside the Kamakshi temple, in the belief that Vishnu is the brother of Kamakshi.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A shrine dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a>, an avatar of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> and the sage <a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a> can be seen in the third enclosure of the temple, at the location where Agastya learned the <i>Lalita Sahasranamam</i> from Hayagriva.<sup id="cite_ref-Meena_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meena-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_sacred_history_of_the_place">Related sacred history of the place</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Related sacred history of the place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shakti_Peetha">Shakti Peetha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Shakti Peetha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dakshayani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dakshayani.jpg/220px-Dakshayani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dakshayani.jpg/330px-Dakshayani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dakshayani.jpg/440px-Dakshayani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5280" data-file-height="3714" /></a><figcaption>Shiva carrying the burnt corpse of <a href="/wiki/Sati_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sati (goddess)">Sati</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Daksha_Yaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Daksha Yaga">Daksha Yaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Peethas">Shakti Peethas</a></div> <p>The ancient story of <a href="/wiki/Daksha_yajna" title="Daksha yajna">Daksha yajna</a> and Sati's self-immolation is the main theme in the origin of Shakti Peethas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Peethas">Shakti Peethas</a> are the divine temples of <a href="/wiki/Adi_Parashakti" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Parashakti">Adi Parashakti</a>. The cause of the presence of the goddess is due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of <a href="/wiki/Sati_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sati (goddess)">Sati</a>, Shiva's first wife. The <a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">navel</a> part of Sati's body is believed to have fallen here in Kanchipuram, giving the name <i>Nabhi Peetham</i> or <i>Odhyana Peetham</i>. There are 51 Shakti Peethas linked to the 51 alphabets in Sanskrit, out of which 18 are the most visited.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindu_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tripura_Sundari">Tripura Sundari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tripura Sundari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to legend, <a href="/wiki/Tripura_Sundari" title="Tripura Sundari">Tripura Sundari</a> settled here after killing a <a href="/wiki/Bhandasura" title="Bhandasura">demon</a>. Tantric texts such as Tripura Rahasya, Bahvrucha Upanishad, as well as Puranas such <a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a> discuss how <a href="/wiki/Tripura_Sundari" title="Tripura Sundari">Tripura Sundari</a> resides in Kanchipuram.<sup id="cite_ref-Diwakar_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diwakar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhandasura">Bhandasura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bhandasura"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to ancient scriptures, the gods were tormented by the demon <a href="/wiki/Bhandasura" title="Bhandasura">Bhandasura</a>, and performed penance to appease the goddess <a href="/wiki/Adi_Parashakti" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Parashakti">Adi Parashakti</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Rose-ringed_parakeet" title="Rose-ringed parakeet">parrots</a>, perching on <a href="/wiki/Magnolia_champaca" title="Magnolia champaca">champaka</a> trees at the temple, since parrots always perch on the right hand of the goddesses <a href="/wiki/Meenakshi" title="Meenakshi">Meenakshi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamakshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakshi">Kamakshi</a>. Pleased with their penance, the goddess is said to have appeared through the <i>Bila</i> gate and killed Bhandasura. The Bila gate leading to the <i>Bilakasha</i> tree can be seen today in front of the Tapa Kamakshi shrine inside the sanctum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shiva">Shiva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Shiva"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is said that <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, the inseparable husband of <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a> worshipped the goddess in the four <a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">yugas</a> assuming the forms of the sages Krodha Bhattaraka in the <a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya Yuga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta Yuga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhaumya" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhaumya">Dhaumya</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dwapara_Yuga" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwapara Yuga">Dwapara Yuga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a>. </p><p>It is also said that Shiva assumed the form of <a href="/wiki/Durvasa" title="Durvasa">Durvasa</a> on her emergence from the tree and first worshipped her by chanting the <a href="/wiki/Shri_Vidya" title="Shri Vidya">Sri Vidya</a> <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a> and consecrating a huge structure of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Yantra" title="Sri Yantra">Sri Yantra</a> in a yoni shaped trough, in-front of the Kamakshi idol. Durvasa is thus the traditional teacher of Sri Vidya and foremost Gurus of the Sri Vidhya Parampara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adi_Shankara">Adi Shankara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adi Shankara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a> is credited for consecrating the current Sri Yantra sculpture. The deities who composed the <i><a href="/wiki/Lalita_Sahasranama" title="Lalita Sahasranama">Lalita Sahasranama</a></i> can be seen around the Sri Yantra in the same positions as depicted in <a href="/wiki/Manidvipa" title="Manidvipa">Manidvipa</a>, the abode of Kamakshi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temple_rituals_and_festivals">Temple rituals and festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Temple rituals and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four worship services are offered each day. Every day the temple rituals start with the <a href="/wiki/Kamadhenu" title="Kamadhenu">Gau</a> Pooja and <a href="/wiki/Airavata" title="Airavata">Gaja</a> Pooja. There is a separate shed with elephants, which performs pooja to the deity by trumpeting every day early morning at 5 AM. </p><p>The annual festival falls in Spring, in the Tamil month of Masi, which runs from mid-February to mid-March. During this Mahotsavam, the most important day to be celebrated is Maasi Pooram, which is the Avirbhava dhina of Lalitha Maha Tripura Sundari in Kanchi. Other than that, the chariot festival (<a href="/wiki/Temple_car" title="Temple car">Ther</a>) and float festival, (Theppam) are held.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindu_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other festivals include Navaratri, Aadi and Aippasi Pooram, Sankara Jayanthi and Vasanta Utsavam in the Tamil month of Vaikasi. All Fridays are considered sacred, though the Fridays in the Tamil months of Adi (mid-July to mid-August) and Thai (mid-January to mid-February) are celebrated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanchi_Kamakoti_Peetham">Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temple is also the center for the <a href="/wiki/Kanchi_Kamakoti_Peetham" title="Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham">Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPokhriyal2023_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPokhriyal2023">Pokhriyal (2023)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabu202025-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabu202025_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabu202025_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBabu2020">Babu (2020)</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoskoff2008991-992-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoskoff2008991-992_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoskoff2008991-992_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoskoff2008">Koskoff (2008)</a>, p. 991-992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENN2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENN2011_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNN2011">NN (2011)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diwakar-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diwakar_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diwakar_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDiwakar2011" class="citation book cs1">Diwakar, Macherla (2011). <i>Temples of South India</i> (1st ed.). Chennai: Techno Book House. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-83440-34-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-83440-34-4"><bdi>978-93-83440-34-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temples+of+South+India&rft.place=Chennai&rft.pages=140&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Techno+Book+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-93-83440-34-4&rft.aulast=Diwakar&rft.aufirst=Macherla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRCE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRCE_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009010850/https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf">"Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu. p. 244. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thirukoil+-+Temple+list+of+Tamil+Nadu&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Hindu+Religious+%26+Charitable+Endowments+Department%2C+Government+of+Tamil+Nadu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftnhrce.gov.in%2Fresources%2Fdocs%2Ftemple_list.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>South Indian shrines: illustrated </i>P.539.P. V. Jagadisa Ayyar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meena-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meena_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV.1974" class="citation book cs1">V., Meena (1974). <i>Temples in South India</i> (1st ed.). Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temples+in+South+India&rft.place=Kanniyakumari&rft.pages=41&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Harikumar+Arts&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=V.&rft.aufirst=Meena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kottiyoordevaswom.com/">"Kottiyoor Devaswam Temple Administration Portal"</a>. Kottiyoor Devaswam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kottiyoor+Devaswam+Temple+Administration+Portal&rft.pub=Kottiyoor+Devaswam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkottiyoordevaswom.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindu-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hindu_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindu_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Harsha" class="citation book cs1">Harshananda, Swami (2012). <i>Hindu Pilgrimage Centres</i> (second ed.). Bangalore: Ramakrishna Math. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7907-053-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7907-053-6"><bdi>978-81-7907-053-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Pilgrimage+Centres&rft.place=Bangalore&rft.pages=61&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Ramakrishna+Math&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-81-7907-053-6&rft.aulast=Harshananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Printed sources</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabu2020" class="citation book cs1">Babu, Ganesh (2020). <i>Tourism Guide. Tamilnadu and Pondicherry</i>. Archers & Elevators Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+Guide.+Tamilnadu+and+Pondicherry&rft.pub=Archers+%26+Elevators+Publishing+House&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Babu&rft.aufirst=Ganesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoskoff2008" class="citation book cs1">Koskoff, Ellen, ed. (2008). "Syama Sastri". <i>The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Volume 2. The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syama+Sastri&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music.+Volume+2.+The+Middle+East%2C+South+Asia%2C+East+Asia%2C+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNN2011" class="citation book cs1">NN (2011). <i>Rough Guide to India</i>. Rough Guides UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+Guide+to+India&rft.pub=Rough+Guides+UK&rft.date=2011&rft.au=NN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPokhriyal2023" class="citation book cs1">Pokhriyal, Ramesh (2023). <i>Famous Temples in Tamil Nadu</i>. Diamond Pocket Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Temples+in+Tamil+Nadu&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Pokhriyal&rft.aufirst=Ramesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamakshi+Amman+Temple" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Web-sources</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tirukkalvanoor-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tirukkalvanoor_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tirukkalvanoor_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">templenet.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.templenet.com/Tamilnadu/df054.html">Abodes of Vishnu - Tirukkalvanoor</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakshi_Amman_Temple&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kamakshi_Amman_Temple" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kamakshi Amman Temple">Kamakshi Amman Temple</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kanchikamakshi.org/">Temple Information Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.templenet.com/Tamilnadu/kamakshi.html">Templenet entry for temple</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sss.vn.ua/india/tamilnadu/kanchipuram/kamakshi_en.htm">Photos of Kamakshi temple of Kanchipuram, 1280x960</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Chhinnamasta" title="Chhinnamasta">Chhinnamasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhumavati" title="Dhumavati">Dhumavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagalamukhi" title="Bagalamukhi">Bagalamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangi" title="Matangi">Matangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalatmika" title="Kamalatmika">Kamalatmika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shailaputri" title="Shailaputri">Shailaputri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharini" title="Brahmacharini">Brahmacharini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandraghanta" title="Chandraghanta">Chandraghanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushmanda" title="Kushmanda">Kushmanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandamata" title="Skandamata">Skandamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyayani" title="Katyayani">Katyayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaratri" title="Kalaratri">Kalaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahagauri" title="Mahagauri">Mahagauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhidhatri" title="Siddhidhatri">Siddhidhatri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakta_pithas" title="Shakta pithas">Shakta pithas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vimala_Temple" title="Vimala Temple">Bimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat_Kali_Temple" title="Kalighat Kali Temple">Kalighat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Temple" title="Kamakhya Temple">Kamakhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taratarini_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Taratarini Temple">Taratarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulja_Bhavani_Temple" title="Tulja Bhavani Temple">Tulja Bhavani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Kolhapur" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur">Mahalakshmi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Shakta_pithas" title="Category:Shakta pithas">More...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devi_Mahatmya" title="Devi Mahatmya">Devi Mahatmya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi-Bhagavata_Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Devi-Bhagavata Purana">Devi-Bhagavata Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalika_Purana" title="Kalika Purana">Kalika Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakta_Upanishads" title="Shakta Upanishads">Shakta Upanishads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Upanishad" title="Sita Upanishad">Sita Upanishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuratapini_Upanishad" title="Tripuratapini Upanishad">Tripuratapini Upanishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_Upanishad" title="Devi Upanishad">Devi Upanishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Upanishad" title="Tripura Upanishad">Tripura Upanishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana_Upanishad" title="Bhavana Upanishad">Bhavana Upanishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saubhagyalakshmi_Upanishad" title="Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad">Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati-rahasya_Upanishad" title="Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad">Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Regional variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Shaktism" title="Caribbean Shaktism">Caribbean Shaktism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_deities_and_texts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu Om symbol"><img alt="Hindu Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/50px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/75px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/100px-Om_symbol.svg.png 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title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangi" title="Matangi">Matangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(goddess)" title="Rohini (goddess)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjna" title="Sanjna">Sanjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daitya" title="Daitya">Daitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_directions" title="Guardians of the directions">Dikpāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yakshas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Texts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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