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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Malachi 1:3 but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals."</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/malachi/1-3.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/19/39_Mal_01_03.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Malachi 1:3 - The LORD's Love for Israel" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/malachi/1-3.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/malachi/1-3.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/malachi/">Malachi</a> > <a href="/malachi/1.htm">Chapter 1</a> > Verse 3</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad3.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/malachi/1-2.htm" title="Malachi 1:2">◄</a> Malachi 1:3 <a href="/malachi/1-4.htm" title="Malachi 1:4">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/malachi/1.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/malachi/1.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />but Esau I have hated, and I have turned his hill country into a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.&#8221<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/malachi/1.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />but I rejected his brother, Esau, and devastated his hill country. I turned Esau’s inheritance into a desert for jackals.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/malachi/1.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />but Esau I have hated. I have laid waste his hill country and left his heritage to jackals of the desert.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/malachi/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/malachi/1.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/malachi/1.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />But Esau I have hated, And laid waste his mountains and his heritage For the jackals of the wilderness.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/malachi/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and <i>given</i> his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/malachi/1.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and appointed his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness.&#8221<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/malachi/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation, and <i>appointed</i> his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/malachi/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />but I have hated Esau, and I have set his mountains <i>to be</i> a desolation and his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/malachi/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />but [in comparison with My love for Jacob] I have hated Esau (Edom), and I have made his mountains a wasteland, and <i>have given</i> his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/malachi/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />but I hated Esau. I turned his mountains into a wasteland, and gave his inheritance to the desert jackals.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/malachi/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />but I hated Esau. I turned his mountains into a wasteland, and gave his inheritance to the desert jackals.&#8221 <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/malachi/1.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/malachi/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />instead of Esau. And I turned Esau's hill country into a barren desert where jackals roam. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/malachi/1.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/malachi/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />but Esau I hated. I turned his mountains into a wasteland and left his inheritance to the jackals in the desert.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/malachi/1.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />and have hated Esau and his descendants. I have devastated Esau's hill country and abandoned the land to jackals." <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/malachi/1.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />rejected Esau, turned his mountains into a wasteland, and gave his inheritance to desert jackals. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/malachi/1.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />and rejected Esau. I turned Esau's mountains into a deserted wasteland and gave his territory to the wild jackals." <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/malachi/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness."<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/malachi/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.<div class="vheading2"><b>Majority Text Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/malachi/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/malachi/1.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.” <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/malachi/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />Is not Esau Jacob’s brother?” A declaration of YHWH, "" “And I love Jacob, and Esau I have hated, "" And I make his mountains a desolation, "" And his inheritance for dragons of a wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/malachi/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> Is not Esau Jacob's brother? -- an affirmation of Jehovah, And I love Jacob, and Esau I have hated, And I make his mountains a desolation, And his inheritance for dragons of a wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/malachi/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And I hated Esau, and I will set his mountains a desolation, and his inheritance for the jackals of the desert.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/malachi/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />But have hated Esau? and I have made his mountains a wilderness, and given his inheritance to the dragons of the desert. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/malachi/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />but held hatred for Esau? And I have set his mountains in solitude, and his inheritance with the serpents of the desert.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/malachi/1.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?—oracle of the LORD. I loved Jacob, but rejected Esau; I made his mountains a waste, his heritage a desert for jackals. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/malachi/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />but I have hated Esau; I have made his hill country a desolation and his heritage a desert for jackals.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/malachi/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And I have made his mountains waste and his heritage for camps of shepherds in the wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/malachi/1.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />I have made his mountains into desolation and his inheritance into sheepfolds of the wilderness<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/malachi/1.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />But Esau I hated, And made his mountains a desolation, And gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/malachi/1.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />and hated Esau and laid waste his borders, and made his heritage as dwellings of the wilderness?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/malachi/1-3.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/B6KyAs1WSHw?start=19" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/malachi/1.htm">The LORD's Love for Israel</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">2</span>“I have loved you,” says the LORD. But you ask, “How have You loved us?” “Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?” declares the LORD. “Yet Jacob I have loved, <span class="reftext">3</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: wə·’eṯ- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self.">but</a> <a href="/hebrew/6215.htm" title="6215: ‘ê·śāw (N-proper-ms) -- Apparently a form of the passive participle of asah in the original sense of handling; rough; Esav, a son of Isaac, including his posterity.">Esau</a> <a href="/hebrew/8130.htm" title="8130: śā·nê·ṯî (V-Qal-Perf-1cs) -- To hate. A primitive root; to hate.">I have hated,</a> <a href="/hebrew/7760.htm" title="7760: wā·’ā·śîm (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-1cs) -- To put, place, set. Or siym; a primitive root; to put.">and I have made</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2022.htm" title="2022: hā·rāw (N-mpc:: 3ms) -- Mountain, hill, hill country. A shortened form of harar; a mountain or range of hills.">his mountains</a> <a href="/hebrew/8077.htm" title="8077: šə·mā·māh (N-fs) -- Devastation, waste. Or shimamah; feminine of shamem; devastation; figuratively, astonishment.">a wasteland</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: wə·’eṯ- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5159.htm" title="5159: na·ḥă·lā·ṯōw (N-fsc:: 3ms) -- From nachal; properly, something inherited, i.e. occupancy, or an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion.">and left his inheritance</a> <a href="/hebrew/4057.htm" title="4057: miḏ·bār (N-ms) -- A pasture, a desert, speech. From dabar in the sense of driving; a pasture; by implication, a desert; also speech.">to the desert</a> <a href="/hebrew/8568.htm" title="8568: lə·ṯan·nō·wṯ (Prep-l:: N-cp) -- A female jackal. Probably feminine of tan; a female jackal.">jackals.”</a> </span><span class="reftext">4</span>Though Edom may say, “We have been devastated, but we will rebuild the ruins,” this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “They may build, but I will demolish. They will be called the Land of Wickedness, and a people with whom the LORD is indignant forever.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/9-13.htm">Romans 9:13</a></span><br />So it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/25-23.htm">Genesis 25:23</a></span><br />and He declared to her: “Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you will be separated; one people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/27-41.htm">Genesis 27:41</a></span><br />Esau held a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing his father had given him. And Esau said in his heart, “The days of mourning for my father are at hand; then I will kill my brother Jacob.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/12-16.htm">Hebrews 12:16-17</a></span><br />See to it that no one is sexually immoral, or is godless like Esau, who for a single meal sold his birthright. / For you know that afterward, when he wanted to inherit the blessing, he was rejected. He could find no ground for repentance, though he sought the blessing with tears.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/obadiah/1-10.htm">Obadiah 1:10</a></span><br />Because of the violence against your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame and cut off forever.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/25-30.htm">Genesis 25:30-34</a></span><br />He said to Jacob, “Let me eat some of that red stew, for I am famished.” (That is why he was also called Edom.) / “First sell me your birthright,” Jacob replied. / “Look,” said Esau, “I am about to die, so what good is a birthright to me?” ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/27-37.htm">Genesis 27:37-40</a></span><br />But Isaac answered Esau: “Look, I have made him your master and given him all his relatives as servants; I have sustained him with grain and new wine. What is left that I can do for you, my son?” / Esau said to his father, “Do you have only one blessing, my father? Bless me too, O my father!” Then Esau wept aloud. / His father Isaac answered him: “Behold, your dwelling place shall be away from the richness of the land, away from the dew of heaven above. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/obadiah/1-18.htm">Obadiah 1:18</a></span><br />Then the house of Jacob will be a blazing fire, and the house of Joseph a burning flame; but the house of Esau will be stubble—Jacob will set it ablaze and consume it. Therefore no survivor will remain from the house of Esau.” For the LORD has spoken.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/49-10.htm">Jeremiah 49:10</a></span><br />But I will strip Esau bare; I will uncover his hiding places, and he will be unable to conceal himself. His descendants will be destroyed along with his relatives and neighbors, and he will be no more.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/35-3.htm">Ezekiel 35:3-9</a></span><br />and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, O Mount Seir. I will stretch out My hand against you and make you a desolate waste. / I will turn your cities into ruins, and you will become a desolation. Then you will know that I am the LORD. / Because you harbored an ancient hatred and delivered the Israelites over to the sword in the time of their disaster at the final stage of their punishment, ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/amos/1-11.htm">Amos 1:11</a></span><br />This is what the LORD says: “For three transgressions of Edom, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because he pursued his brother with the sword and stifled all compassion; his anger raged continually, and his fury flamed incessantly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/36-1.htm">Genesis 36:1</a></span><br />This is the account of Esau (that is, Edom).<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/36-8.htm">Genesis 36:8</a></span><br />So Esau (that is, Edom) settled in the area of Mount Seir.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/34-5.htm">Isaiah 34:5-6</a></span><br />When My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens, then it will come down upon Edom, upon the people I have devoted to destruction. / The sword of the LORD is bathed in blood. It drips with fat—with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams. For the LORD has a sacrifice in Bozrah, a great slaughter in the land of Edom.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/63-1.htm">Isaiah 63:1</a></span><br />Who is this coming from Edom, from Bozrah with crimson-stained garments? Who is this robed in splendor, marching in the greatness of His strength? “It is I, proclaiming vindication, mighty to save.”</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.</p><p class="hdg">hated.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/29-30.htm">Genesis 29:30,31</a></b></br> And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/deuteronomy/21-15.htm">Deuteronomy 21:15,16</a></b></br> If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and they have born him children, <i>both</i> the beloved and the hated; and <i>if</i> the firstborn son be hers that was hated: … </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/luke/14-26.htm">Luke 14:26</a></b></br> If any <i>man</i> come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple.</p><p class="hdg">laid.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/34-9.htm">Isaiah 34:9-12</a></b></br> And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/jeremiah/49-16.htm">Jeremiah 49:16-18</a></b></br> Thy terribleness hath deceived thee, <i>and</i> the pride of thine heart, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that holdest the height of the hill: though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as the eagle, I will bring thee down from thence, saith the LORD… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/ezekiel/25-13.htm">Ezekiel 25:13,14</a></b></br> Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also stretch out mine hand upon Edom, and will cut off man and beast from it; and I will make it desolate from Teman; and they of Dedan shall fall by the sword… </p><p class="hdg">the.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/13-21.htm">Isaiah 13:21,22</a></b></br> But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/34-13.htm">Isaiah 34:13,14</a></b></br> And thorns shall come up in her palaces, nettles and brambles in the fortresses thereof: and it shall be an habitation of dragons, <i>and</i> a court for owls… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/35-7.htm">Isaiah 35:7</a></b></br> And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, <i>shall be</i> grass with reeds and rushes.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/zechariah/13-8.htm">Affirmation</a> <a href="/zephaniah/3-18.htm">Appointed</a> <a href="/zechariah/14-15.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/zechariah/8-7.htm">Country</a> <a href="/zephaniah/3-3.htm">Desert</a> <a href="/zephaniah/2-15.htm">Desolation</a> <a href="/zechariah/14-11.htm">Destruction</a> <a href="/micah/1-8.htm">Dragons</a> <a href="/malachi/1-2.htm">Esau</a> <a href="/zechariah/8-17.htm">Hated</a> <a href="/zechariah/9-4.htm">Heritage</a> <a href="/micah/4-8.htm">Hill</a> <a href="/zechariah/8-12.htm">Inheritance</a> <a href="/micah/1-8.htm">Jackals</a> <a href="/malachi/1-2.htm">Jacob</a> <a href="/malachi/1-2.htm">Jacob's</a> <a href="/zechariah/11-2.htm">Laid</a> <a href="/zechariah/14-5.htm">Mountains</a> <a href="/zechariah/14-10.htm">Turned</a> <a href="/zechariah/11-6.htm">Waste</a> <a href="/ezekiel/29-9.htm">Wasteland</a> <a href="/zephaniah/2-13.htm">Wilderness</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/numbers/14-28.htm">Affirmation</a> <a href="/matthew/6-11.htm">Appointed</a> <a href="/mark/1-13.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/matthew/2-12.htm">Country</a> <a href="/matthew/3-1.htm">Desert</a> <a href="/matthew/12-25.htm">Desolation</a> <a href="/malachi/4-6.htm">Destruction</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/32-33.htm">Dragons</a> <a href="/romans/9-13.htm">Esau</a> <a href="/matthew/10-22.htm">Hated</a> <a href="/matthew/5-5.htm">Heritage</a> <a href="/matthew/5-1.htm">Hill</a> <a href="/matthew/21-38.htm">Inheritance</a> <a href="/job/30-29.htm">Jackals</a> <a href="/malachi/2-12.htm">Jacob</a> <a href="/john/4-6.htm">Jacob's</a> <a href="/matthew/8-6.htm">Laid</a> <a href="/matthew/18-12.htm">Mountains</a> <a href="/malachi/2-6.htm">Turned</a> <a href="/malachi/1-4.htm">Waste</a> <a href="/numbers/21-20.htm">Wasteland</a> <a href="/matthew/3-1.htm">Wilderness</a><div class="vheading2">Malachi 1</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/malachi/1-1.htm">Malachi complains of Israel's unkindness;</a></span><br><span class="reftext">2. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/malachi/1-2.htm">of their irreverence and profaneness.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/malachi/1.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/malachi/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/malachi/1.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>but Esau I have hated</b><br>This phrase reflects the divine choice and rejection seen in the narrative of Jacob and Esau, the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah. In <a href="/genesis/25-23.htm">Genesis 25:23</a>, God foretells that "the older will serve the younger," indicating His sovereign election. The term "hated" here is understood in the context of preference and covenantal love, as seen in <a href="/romans/9-13.htm">Romans 9:13</a>, where Paul discusses God's sovereign choice. This does not imply personal animosity but rather a rejection of Esau's line in favor of Jacob's, through whom the covenant promises would continue.<p><b>and I have made his mountains a wasteland</b><br>The mountains refer to the region of Edom, Esau's descendants' territory, located southeast of Israel. Historically, Edom was a mountainous region, and its desolation is a fulfillment of prophetic judgment. <a href="/obadiah/1-8.htm">Obadiah 1:8-10</a> and <a href="/jeremiah/49-17.htm">Jeremiah 49:17-18</a> prophesy Edom's downfall due to its pride and hostility towards Israel. Archaeological evidence shows that Edom was indeed devastated and never regained its former power, aligning with the biblical narrative of divine judgment.<p><b>and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”</b><br>The inheritance of Esau, or Edom, being left to "desert jackals" symbolizes complete desolation and abandonment. Jackals are often associated with desolate places in Scripture, as seen in <a href="/isaiah/34-13.htm">Isaiah 34:13</a> and <a href="/jeremiah/9-11.htm">Jeremiah 9:11</a>. This imagery underscores the totality of Edom's destruction and serves as a warning of the consequences of opposing God's chosen people. The desolation of Edom is a testament to God's faithfulness in executing judgment and fulfilling His word, as seen throughout the prophetic literature.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/e/esau.htm">Esau</a></b><br>The elder twin brother of Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah. Esau is often associated with the nation of Edom, which descended from him. In this verse, Esau represents those who are outside of God's covenant blessings.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/j/jacob.htm">Jacob</a></b><br>The younger twin brother of Esau, chosen by God to carry on the Abrahamic covenant. Jacob's descendants became the nation of Israel.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/e/edom.htm">Edom</a></b><br>The nation descended from Esau, often in conflict with Israel. Edom's desolation is a symbol of God's judgment.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/m/mountains_and_wasteland.htm">Mountains and Wasteland</a></b><br>Symbolic of Edom's desolation and God's judgment against them. The mountains represent strength and stability, which are turned into wasteland as a sign of divine retribution.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/j/jackals_of_the_desert.htm">Jackals of the Desert</a></b><br>Creatures that inhabit desolate places, symbolizing the complete desolation and abandonment of Edom's inheritance.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_in_election.htm">God's Sovereignty in Election</a></b><br>God's choice of Jacob over Esau demonstrates His sovereign will and purpose. Believers are reminded that God's plans are beyond human understanding and are rooted in His divine wisdom.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/j/judgment_and_justice.htm">Judgment and Justice</a></b><br>The desolation of Edom serves as a reminder of God's justice. It is a call for believers to live righteously and align themselves with God's will to avoid judgment.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/c/covenant_faithfulness.htm">Covenant Faithfulness</a></b><br>God's love for Jacob and His covenant with Israel highlight the importance of faithfulness to God's promises. Believers are encouraged to trust in God's faithfulness and remain steadfast in their faith.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_rejection.htm">The Consequences of Rejection</a></b><br>Esau's rejection and the resulting desolation of Edom illustrate the consequences of turning away from God. This serves as a warning to prioritize spiritual inheritance over worldly desires.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_malachi_1.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Malachi 1</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/does_evidence_show_edom_stayed_desolate.htm">Does archaeological evidence support the claim in Malachi 1:3–4 that Edom’s territory would remain desolate, or does history contradict this? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_don't_records_confirm_edom's_fall.htm">If Obadiah 1:10–14 prophesies Edom’s utter destruction, why do archaeological records not uniformly confirm this total collapse? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_to_confirm_isaiah_21_11-12_on_dumah.htm">How can Isaiah 21:11–12’s prophecy concerning Dumah be confirmed when archaeological evidence about its fate is so limited?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_is_edom's_fate_in_the_bible.htm">What fate awaits Edom according to biblical prophecies?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/malachi/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 3.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And I hated Esau.</span> St. Paul quotes these words (<a href="/romans/9-13.htm">Romans 9:13</a>) in order to illustrate his position, "that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth." Even before his birth Jacob was the chosen one, and Esau, the elder, was to serve the younger. This mystery of Divine election has seemed to some to be stated so harshly that they have thought that the words of the text need to be softened, or to be modified by their explanation. Thus they give the glosses, "I have preferred Jacob to Esau;" "I have loved Esau less than Jacob;" or they have limited the terms "love" end "hatred" to the bestowing or withholding of temporal blessings; or they have affirmed that Esau was hated because God foresaw his unworthiness, and Jacob was beloved owing to his foreseen piety and faithfulness. The whole question is discussed by Augustine, 'De Div. Quint. ad Simplic.,' 1:18 (11:433). He ends by saying, "Deus odit impietatem: in aliis etiam punit per damnationem, in aliis adimit per justificationem." But Malachi is not speaking of the predestination of the one brother and the reprobation of the other; he is contrasting the histories of the two peoples represented by them; as Jerome puts it, "In Jacob vos dilexi, in Esau Idumaeos odio habui." Both nations sinned; both are punished; but Israel by God's free mercy was forgiven and restored, while Edom was left in the misery which it had brought upon itself by its own iniquity. Thus is proved God's love for the Israelites (Knabenbauer). That it is of the two nations that the prophet speaks, rather than of the two brothers, is seen by what follows. <span class="cmt_word">Laid his mountains... waste.</span> While the Israelites were repeopling and cultivating their land, and their cities were rising from their ruins, and the temple and the capital were rebuilt, Edom, which had suffered at the hand of the same enemies, had never recovered from the blow, and still lay a scene of desolation and ruin. It seems that Nebuchadnezzar attacked and conquered Edom some few years after he had taken Jerusalem. This event happened during one of his expeditions against Egypt, one of which took place in the thirty-seventh year of his reign, as we learn from a record lately deciphered (see 'Transact. of Soc. of Bibl. Archaeology,' 7:210, etc.). (For Edom and its history, see the Introduction to Obadiah.) <span class="cmt_word">Dragons</span>; rather, jackals (<a href="/micah/1-8.htm">Micah 1:8</a>); Septuagint, <span class="greek">εἰς</span> <span class="greek">δώματα ἐρήμου</span>, "for habitations of the desert;" Vulgate, <span class="accented">dracones deserti</span>, whence the Authorized Version. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/malachi/1-3.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">but</span><br /><span class="heb">וְאֶת־</span> <span class="translit">(wə·’eṯ-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_853.htm">Strong's 853: </a> </span><span class="str2">Untranslatable mark of the accusative case</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Esau</span><br /><span class="heb">עֵשָׂ֖ו</span> <span class="translit">(‘ê·śāw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6215.htm">Strong's 6215: </a> </span><span class="str2">Esau -- oldest son of Isaac</span><br /><br /><span class="word">I have hated,</span><br /><span class="heb">שָׂנֵ֑אתִי</span> <span class="translit">(śā·nê·ṯî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8130.htm">Strong's 8130: </a> </span><span class="str2">To hate</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and I have made</span><br /><span class="heb">וָאָשִׂ֤ים</span> <span class="translit">(wā·’ā·śîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7760.htm">Strong's 7760: </a> </span><span class="str2">Put -- to put, place, set</span><br /><br /><span class="word">his mountains</span><br /><span class="heb">הָרָיו֙</span> <span class="translit">(hā·rāw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2022.htm">Strong's 2022: </a> </span><span class="str2">Mountain, hill, hill country</span><br /><br /><span class="word">a wasteland</span><br /><span class="heb">שְׁמָמָ֔ה</span> <span class="translit">(šə·mā·māh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8077.htm">Strong's 8077: </a> </span><span class="str2">Devastation, astonishment</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and left his inheritance</span><br /><span class="heb">נַחֲלָת֖וֹ</span> <span class="translit">(na·ḥă·lā·ṯōw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5159.htm">Strong's 5159: </a> </span><span class="str2">Something inherited, occupancy, an heirloom, an estate, patrimony, portion</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to the desert</span><br /><span class="heb">מִדְבָּֽר׃</span> <span class="translit">(miḏ·bār)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4057.htm">Strong's 4057: </a> </span><span class="str2">A pasture, a desert, speech</span><br /><br /><span class="word">jackals.”</span><br /><span class="heb">לְתַנּ֥וֹת</span> <span class="translit">(lə·ṯan·nō·wṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Noun - common plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8568.htm">Strong's 8568: </a> </span><span class="str2">A female jackal</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/malachi/1-3.htm">Malachi 1:3 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/malachi/1-3.htm">OT Prophets: Malachi 1:3 But Esau I hated and made his (Malachi Mal Ml) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/malachi/1-2.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Malachi 1:2"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Malachi 1:2" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/malachi/1-4.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Malachi 1:4"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Malachi 1:4" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>