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class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Madagascar,République_de_Madagascar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madagascar,République_de_Madagascar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span><b>Madagascar,<i>République de Madagascar</i></b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madagascar,République_de_Madagascar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matakaskar_Kapolongan_Kitakit_(kuwaping_a_sowal:_馬達加斯加共和國)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matakaskar_Kapolongan_Kitakit_(kuwaping_a_sowal:_馬達加斯加共和國)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Matakaskar Kapolongan Kitakit (kuwaping a sowal: 馬達加斯加共和國)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matakaskar_Kapolongan_Kitakit_(kuwaping_a_sowal:_馬達加斯加共和國)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Takaray_sowal(概略)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takaray_sowal(概略)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Takaray sowal(概略)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takaray_sowal(概略)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rikisi_(歷史)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rikisi_(歷史)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rikisi (歷史)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rikisi_(歷史)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換 Rikisi (歷史) 子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rikisi_(歷史)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-To'asan_Miheca_(早期)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#To'asan_Miheca_(早期)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>To'asan Miheca (早期)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-To'asan_Miheca_(早期)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matakaskar_Hontian_Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matakaskar_Hontian_Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Matakaskar Hontian Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matakaskar_Hontian_Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-_Nikowanan_no_Fransu_a_mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_Nikowanan_no_Fransu_a_mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span> N<b>ikowanan no Fransu a mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_Nikowanan_no_Fransu_a_mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niyahpikowan_a_kitakit(獨立後)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niyahpikowan_a_kitakit(獨立後)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Niyahpikowan a kitakit(獨立後)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niyahpikowan_a_kitakit(獨立後)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palapalaan_ato_Taliyokan(地理和生態)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palapalaan_ato_Taliyokan(地理和生態)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Palapalaan ato Taliyokan(地理和生態)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palapalaan_ato_Taliyokan(地理和生態)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamdaw(人口)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamdaw(人口)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tamdaw(人口)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamdaw(人口)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sowal_(語言)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sowal_(語言)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span><b>Sowal (語言)</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sowal_(語言)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitooran(宗教)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitooran(宗教)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span><b>Pitooran(宗教)</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitooran(宗教)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punka_(文化)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punka_(文化)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span><b>Punka (文化)</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punka_(文化)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pihapinangan_a_Tilid(註腳)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pihapinangan_a_Tilid(註腳)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pihapinangan a Tilid(註腳)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pihapinangan_a_Tilid(註腳)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitiri'an_tilid(參考文件)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitiri'an_tilid(參考文件)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pitiri'an tilid(參考文件)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitiri'an_tilid(參考文件)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Madagascar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 251 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-251" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">251 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 阿布哈茲文" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈茲文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 亞齊文" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亞齊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典範條目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B3%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD" title="ማዳጋስካር – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማዳጋስካር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasika" title="Madagasika – 奧博洛語" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Madagasika" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奧博洛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="माडागास्कार – 昂加文" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="माडागास्कार" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%B1" title="مدغشقر – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدغشقر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DD%A3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداݣاسكار – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماداݣاسكار" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مادجاسكار – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مادجاسكار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="মাদাগাস্কাৰ – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাদাগাস্কাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikara" title="Madagasikara – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Madagasikara" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaqaskar" title="Madaqaskar – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Madaqaskar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداقاسکار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماداقاسکار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 巴什喀爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什喀爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 峇里文" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="峇里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskars" title="Madagaskars – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Madagaskars" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मेडागास्कर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मेडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 比斯拉馬文" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉馬文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 班巴拉文" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মাদাগাস্কার – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাদাগাস্কার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ད་གཱ་སི་ཀར། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ད་གཱ་སི་ཀར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মাদাগাস্কার – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মাদাগাস্কার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 沙伊安文" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="沙伊安文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسکار – 中庫德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماداگاسکار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中庫德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascara" title="Madagascara – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Madagascara" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 土耳其文（克里米亞半島）" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="土耳其文（克里米亞半島）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 卡舒布文" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мадагаскар Республики – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мадагаскар Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasgar" title="Madagasgar – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Madagasgar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagathkar" title="Madagathkar – 丁卡文" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Madagathkar" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 下索布文" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मडागास्कर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6" title="މަޑަގަސްކަރަ – 迪維西文" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަޑަގަސްކަރަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪維西文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasi" title="Malagasi – 埃維文" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Malagasi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Μαδαγασκάρη – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαδαγασκάρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典範條目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaro" title="Madagaskaro – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Madagaskaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascal" title="Madagascal – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Madagascal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسکار – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماداگاسکار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaska" title="Madagaska – 富拉文" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Madagaska" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推薦條目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaqasika" title="Madaqasika – 斐濟文" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Madaqasika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐濟文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasc%C3%A2r" title="Madagascâr – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Madagascâr" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 加告茲文" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告茲文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandagaka" title="Mandagaka – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mandagaka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0" title="મડાગાસ્કર – 古吉拉特文" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મડાગાસ્કર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 弗拉弗拉文" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="弗拉弗拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 豪薩文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪薩文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="מדגסקר – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדגסקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मेडागास्कर – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 上索布文" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaszk%C3%A1r" title="Madagaszkár – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Madagaszkár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Մադագասկար – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադագասկար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Մատակասքար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մատակասքար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 伊布文" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="優良條目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%80%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB" title="マダガスカル – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マダガスカル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagiaska" title="Madagiaska – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Madagiaska" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhagaskar" title="Madhagaskar – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madhagaskar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მადაგასკარი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადაგასკარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madakas%C9%A9kar%C9%A9" title="Madakasɩkarɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Madakasɩkarɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mada%CC%B1ga%CC%B1si%CC%B1ka" title="Mada̱ga̱si̱ka – 卡塔布文" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Mada̱ga̱si̱ka" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasi" title="Malagasi – 剛果文" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Malagasi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="剛果文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 吉庫尤文" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉庫尤文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ម៉ាដាហ្កាស្កា – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ាដាហ្កាស្កា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಡಗಾಸ್ಕರ್ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಡಗಾಸ್ಕರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%A4%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4" title="마다가스카르 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마다가스카르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 庫德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascaria" title="Madagascaria – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Madagascaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 拉迪諾文" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪諾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasicara" title="Madagasicara – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Madagasicara" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 干達文" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="干達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikari" title="Madagasikari – 林加拉文" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Madagasikari" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaras" title="Madagaskaras – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madagaskaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskars" title="Madagaskars – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Madagaskars" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskara" title="Madagaskara – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Madagaskara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 莫克沙文" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikara" title="Madagasikara – 馬達加斯加文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Madagasikara" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬達加斯加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marak%C4%81hia" title="Marakāhia – 毛利文" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Marakāhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC" title="മഡഗാസ്കർ – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഡഗാസ്കർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%94" title="ꯃꯦꯗꯒꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯔ – 曼尼普爾文" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯗꯒꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मादागास्कर – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मादागास्कर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%82%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မဒါဂတ်စကားနိုင်ငံ – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဒါဂတ်စကားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسکار – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماداگاسکار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="माडागास्कर – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मादागास्कर – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मादागास्कर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 北索托文" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%C3%AD_Bitsee%CA%BC_Nood%C7%AB%CC%81z%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Magí Bitseeʼ Noodǫ́zí Bikéyah – 納瓦荷文" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Magí Bitseeʼ Noodǫ́zí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="納瓦荷文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaar" title="Madagaskaar – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Madagaskaar" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 潘帕嘉文" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="潘帕嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 帕皮阿門托文" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿門托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मडगास्कर – 巴利文" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मडगास्कर" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="مڈغاسکر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مڈغاسکر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD" title="Μαδαγασκάρην – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μαδαγασκάρην" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="مادغاسکر – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مادغاسکر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madag%C3%A1scar" title="Madagáscar – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madagáscar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathaqaskar" title="Mathaqaskar – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mathaqaskar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikari" title="Madagasikari – 盧安達文" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Madagasikari" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="盧安達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मडगास्कर – 梵文" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मडगास्कर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ – 桑塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasc%C3%A0r" title="Madagascàr – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Madagascàr" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%8A%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%B1" title="مڊگاسڪر – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڊگاسڪر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 北薩米文" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagask%C3%A4ra" title="Madagaskära – 桑戈文" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Madagaskära" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mada%C9%A3acqar" title="Madaɣacqar – 希爾哈文" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Madaɣacqar" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希爾哈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%81%A2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းမၢတ်ႈတႃႇၵၢတ်ႈသၵႃႇ – 撣文" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမၢတ်ႈတႃႇၵၢတ်ႈသၵႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="撣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="මැඩගස්කරය – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැඩගස්කරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 薩摩亞文" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="薩摩亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 伊納里薩米文" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊納里薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matagadzikwa" title="Matagadzikwa – 紹納文" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Matagadzikwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="紹納文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskari" title="Madagaskari – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Madagaskari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMadagasikha" title="IMadagasikha – 斯瓦特文" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMadagasikha" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 塞索托文" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="塞索托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaska" title="Madagaska – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madagaska" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மடகாசுகர் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மடகாசுகர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="మడగాస్కర్ – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మడగాస్కర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศมาดากัสการ์ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมาดากัสการ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B3%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD" title="ማዳጋስካር – 提格利尼亞文" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ማዳጋስካር" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matakasika" title="Matakasika – 東加文" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Matakasika" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="東加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 太魯閣文" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="太魯閣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 圖姆布卡文" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="圖姆布卡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matatatihata" title="Matatatihata – 大溪地文" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Matatatihata" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="大溪地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 烏德穆爾特文" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="烏德穆爾特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسكار – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماداگاسكار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="مڈغاسکر – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مڈغاسکر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典範條目"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagase%C3%A4n" title="Malagaseän – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Malagaseän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaar" title="Madagaskaar – 沃洛夫文" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Madagaskaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="馬達加斯加 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="馬達加斯加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მადაგასკარი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მადაგასკარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8" title="מאדאגאסקאר – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאדאגאסקאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madag%C3%A1s%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Madagásíkà – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Madagásíkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madahaskar" title="Madahaskar – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Madahaskar" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94" title="ⵎⴰⴷⴰⴳⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⴷⴰⴳⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典範條目"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马达加斯加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="馬達加斯加 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬達加斯加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="馬達加斯加 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬達加斯加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMadagasika" title="IMadagasika – 祖魯文" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMadagasika" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖魯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1019#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="misinanot to katatongod no caay kalecad a sowal" class="wbc-editpage">misinanot tongod</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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Madagascar</i></b></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="mikawit to rekad：Madagascar,République de Madagascar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Madagascar,République de Madagascar"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matakaskar_Kapolongan_Kitakit_(kuwaping_a_sowal:_馬達加斯加共和國)"><span id="Matakaskar_Kapolongan_Kitakit_.28kuwaping_a_sowal:_.E9.A6.AC.E9.81.94.E5.8A.A0.E6.96.AF.E5.8A.A0.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B.29"></span>Matakaskar Kapolongan Kitakit (<a href="/wiki/Kuwaping_a_sowal" title="Kuwaping a sowal">kuwaping a sowal</a>: 馬達加斯加共和國)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="mikawit to rekad：Matakaskar Kapolongan Kitakit (kuwaping a sowal: 馬達加斯加共和國)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Matakaskar Kapolongan Kitakit (kuwaping a sowal: 馬達加斯加共和國)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Takaray_sowal(概略)"><span id="Takaray_sowal.28.E6.A6.82.E7.95.A5.29"></span>Takaray sowal(概略)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="mikawit to rekad：Takaray sowal(概略)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Takaray sowal(概略)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O saka’etipay no Satimalan Kanatanatal a Finacadan ko ka itiraan nona <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitakit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitakit (awaayay a felih)">kitakit</a>, pakinien I sowal no Matakaskar I <i>Repoblikan'i Madagasikara<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#_ftn1"><b>[1]</b></a>,</i> na o mikowanan no Ferans itiya ho, sano Feransuen a sowal I <i>République de Madagascar.</i> Matakaskar Kapolongan Kitakit sanay ko tadangangan, i’ayaw no nini I Matakasi Kapolongan Kitakit hananay, sakamoko’ han a mitahidang to Matakaskar, oninian to ko ma’alaay a pangangan. </p><p>Itiraay I katimol saka’etip no Afrika ko kaitiraan, o saksepat ko ka tata’ang itini I polong no kitakit. Na malakitingay ho sera ato Into, I’ayaw no 8,800’emang ko mihecaan a malaliyas sacecay sa tomireng itini, malaay to icowacowaay a pala, sa ma’osaw ho kina’orip ato maamaan no hakal, o sa’adihayay ko maamaan kina’orip I hakal, mahaop ko 80% a kina’orip awaay iroma akanatal, ‘edeng itini ko iraay. Nikawrira, ona kakafahekaan a kina’orip mafolkok no ka’aloman no tamdaw a mafolaw a tayni. </p><p>O ngangan tora Matakaskar hananay caay ko nano sowal no itiniay tamdaw sanay, o nani ngoyosay no Yoropa a tamdaw i ka citelongan(中世紀)<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#_ftn2">[2]</a>, I 13sici o nani Winisu a mihahinamay a tamdaw ci Makopolo ko sa’ayaway a mitilid to 「Madageiscar」sanay a tilid, masasifod ningra ko itiraay I minato no Samaliya a sowal toya Mokatisyu（Mogadishu）sa ko sowal. [[Faylo:Isbaheysiga Mosque in Mogadishu (2).jpg|thumb|Isbaheysiga Mosque in Mogadishu (2)]]. </p><p>Itiya to I 1500miheca, o mihahinamay a tamdaw no <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Polutokaru</a> ci Tiaoku·Tiyas macakat tona kanatal pangangan han ningra to「São Lourenço」（聖洛倫索）, nikawrira, oni Makopolo ho a pangangan ko pido’edoan no Yoropa a pangangan to rayaray kanatal,sa tahanini o maalaay a pangangan i oya to「Madagasikara」ko matenakay. I sowal no itiniay a tamdaw away ho ko i’ayaway no「Madagasikara」sanay a ngangan.<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#_ftn3">[3]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rikisi_(歷史)"><span id="Rikisi_.28.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2.29"></span>Rikisi (歷史)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="mikawit to rekad：Rikisi (歷史)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Rikisi (歷史)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O rikisi no Matakaskar I sepatay ko kasasaer: To’asan, Hontian, Mikowanan no Ferans ato Pi’ikedan a Mikowan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="To'asan_Miheca_(早期)"><span id="To.27asan_Miheca_.28.E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.29"></span>To'asan Miheca (早期)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="mikawit to rekad：To'asan Miheca (早期)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯章節的原始碼： To'asan Miheca (早期)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I to’asan miheca i’ayaw no 2500miheca itiniay to a maro’ ko Matakaskar tamdaw sanay ko sowal no mikakarkaray tono to’asan ho a dafong a singsi no tata’angay pitilidan. Iraho ko masasiromaromaay a sowal, o miriniay a pawacay no singsi I caay ka telang ko mihecan ko tamdaw a maro’ itini sanay.[4] Itiya ho o dodang ko pikalican nani Poloco mafolaw a tayni,nikawrira, o lamit no remes tora DNA I mingataay tono I Afrika a kohetingay tamdaw. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg/220px-Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg/330px-Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg/440px-Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Cilamlam to remes no Afrika (Malagasy girls Madagascar Merina)</figcaption></figure> <p>Yo kahatayni ho tamdaw adihay ho a manengneng ko matiyaay o co ko tata’ang a ‘ayam, o ‘aloay ‘efa,to ikor to I ma’adop ko ma’adopay , ma’eco no tamdaw ko kaitiraan malahedaw ko ka’oripan no ‘a’adopen.[6] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matakaskar_Hontian_Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)"><span id="Matakaskar_Hontian_Kitakit.28.E9.A6.AC.E9.81.94.E5.8A.A0.E6.96.AF.E5.8A.A0.E7.8E.8B.E5.9C.8B.29"></span>Matakaskar Hontian Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="mikawit to rekad：Matakaskar Hontian Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Matakaskar Hontian Kitakit(馬達加斯加王國)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Itiya I pisatapangan no 17sici Milina fanacadan mipatireng to Imolina Hontian kitakit takaraway tokatokasan, pasasitiri’en to ilawacay no riyar a hontian kitakit, caay ka samaan ko ‘icel nona kitakit.[7] Isatapangan no 18sici kalisepaten ni Anteliyamasinnawalona(<i>Andriamasinavalona</i>)Honti kona kitakit, alacecaen ningra a palilam ko sepat a wawa ningra, tongal sa ko kaawa no ‘icel no kitakit. Cecay a so’ot ko mihecan a malalaood, ci Anteliyananpoynaymilina(<i>Andrianampoinimerina</i>安德里亞南普伊奈梅里納)Honti ko miliyaway a palacecay to Imolina Hontian Kitakit. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Andrianampoinimerina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Andrianampoinimerina.jpg/220px-Andrianampoinimerina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Andrianampoinimerina.jpg/330px-Andrianampoinimerina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Andrianampoinimerina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Andrianampoinimerina</figcaption></figure> <p>Namikowan kona honti macowat ningra ko ilawacay a kitakit sa tata’ang sato ko sera. O wawa to ni Anteliya ci Ratama Sakacecay(<i>Radama I</i>) ko milaheciay a matireng ko malacecayay a kitakit. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Ranavalona_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ranavalona_I.jpg/220px-Ranavalona_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Ranavalona_I.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Ranavalona I</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> Na mapatay ci Ratama Sakacecay honti, o fafahi to ningra ci Ranafalona sakacecay(<i>Ranavalona I</i>；1778年—1861)ko malahontiay, na kalahontian ni Ranafalona matongalmatongal pakisici to pakisaka’orip to pakipunka to ko pi’enec no Ikiris, sa itira to a milalang to pipatenak to Kristo pitooran,laplapen ko Yoropa a tamdaw. </p><p>Namikowan kona honti macowat ningra ko ilawacay a kitakit sa tata’ang sato ko sera. O wawa to ni Anteliya ci Ratama Sakacecay(<i>Radama I</i>) ko milaheciay a matireng ko malacecayay a kitakit. </p><p>Na mapatay ci Ratama Sakacecay honti, o fafahi to ningra ci Ranafalona sakacecay(<i>Ranavalona I</i>；1778年—1861)ko malahontiay, na kalahontian ni Ranafalona matongalmatongal pakisici to, pakisaka’orip to, pakipunka to,mai’enec no Ikiris, sa itira to a milalang to pipatenak tono Kristo pitooran,laplapen ko Yoropa a tamdaw. </p><p>O wawa ni Ranafalona sakacecay ci Latama sakatosa(<i>RadamaⅡ,1861~1863</i>) mido’edo a malahonti i, falicen nako koya ca’edasay a demak no winaan kalahonti, sadamsay nako ko pidipot to finawlan saan. Nikawrira,palahedawen to kono hontian a pikowan sanay ko kakeridan no kitakit ci Raynifoninahiteliniawni<i>(Rainivoninahitriniony</i>，1852~1865 ko kalakakeridan no kitakit), itira a mikomod toya I sifo’aay a Mirina Hongtian Kitaki(<i>Kingdom of Madagascar，1540–1897,or Kingdom of Imerina</i>）ato Hofa tamdaw malacafay a miwarwar mipalasawad ko Latama sakatosa honti(<i>RadamaⅡ).<b>[1]</b></i> Yo mapalasawad to ko kalahonti ni Latama sakatosa(<i>RadamaⅡ)</i>i,mihayi ko finawlan to fafahi ningra ci Rasohirina(<i>Rasoherina，1863~1868)</i>a malahonti, nikawrira , irako salongoc no fanawlan to malalamod kiso aci Raynifoninahiteliniawni<i>(Rainivoninahitriniony)</i> nga’ mihayi kami to pikowan iso han no fanawlan,malacecay kamo a mikowan malalikel to tatayalen nga’ caka sakakinih ko ’icel. Milayap ci Rasohirina<i>(Rasoherina)</i>to hatiniay a sa’ali no finawlan lalamod sato ci Raynifoninahiteliniawnian,lalamoda saho sawaden ningra, paliyaw a cifainay to safa ni Raynifoninahiteliniawnian, ona safa a Raynifoninahiteliniawnian i,30miheca ko kalakakeridan no kitakit. Nakalakakeridan cingra i patireng icowacowa to pitilidan,paci’ecien a papitilid ko ka’emangay, tahidangen ningra ko Ikiris tamdaw malakomon no sofitay, sa matongal ko kaci’icel no sofitay.[2] Oloma sato mifalican a demak o pipalasawad to aduhayay ko kacifafahi,o kristo pitooran malapitooran no lalomaan no honti,sanoyanan sato a ‘aloman ko mitooray, nika caay ka sawad kono to’asan ho a pitooran demak.[3] O rikec no kitakit mitodongay tono Ikiris a rikec,i tatapangan aniyaro’ mikihatiya tono Yoropa tolo ko kasafatafatd.[4] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_Nikowanan_no_Fransu_a_mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)"><span id="_Nikowanan_no_Fransu_a_mihecahecaan.28.E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B.E6.AE.96.E6.B0.91.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.29"></span> N<b>ikowanan no Fransu a mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="mikawit to rekad： Nikowanan no Fransu a mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Nikowanan no Fransu a mihecahecaan(法國殖民時期)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Micomod ko Fransu to sapi’ecoaw amikowan I 1883miheca, mitoker ko tamdaw no Matakaskar ta malalood ato Fransu.[8] Yo malahecai to ko lalood kelit han no Matakaskar ko isaka’amisay a minato Ancilanana pafeli ko Fransu, mipatefoc ho to 50’emang Falang(法郎).[9] Itiya sato i 1890miheca, pakidosaan a sapafeliaw i Ikiris ko Fransu to Matakaskar, caka pihai ko Matakaskar to matiniay pakidosanay demak, o Fransu to I nani 1894miheca 12folad tahira I 1895miheca sakacecay folad ko pisalifong ta ‘ecoen ko ikawaliay a minato Towamasina<i>(Toamasina)</i> ato ika’etipay a niyaro’ Mahacanca(<i>Mahajanga</i>).[10] Hatini to ko pisalifong no Fransu macangalen ho to sapipelengaw to Matakaskar, tahidangen ho nani Afrika ko ‘alomanay sofitay a mipadang milood, tatiih ko lemed taha ‘adada to Malaliya(niyieci han no kaping) ‘aloman ko mapatayay.1895miheca 9folad,tangasa to koya mamipadang a sofitay saromi’ami’ad hanto nangra a misalifong ko kamaro’an no honti, cato ka pakolilo ko Matakaskar kosang sato ko honti Linawalona sakatosa.[11] Toya cila a mihecaan 1896,paci’eci han to no Fransu a mi’eco a maro’ ko Matakaskar,malnikowanan niyam sato a palosiyang i papotal, la’eto sato a mapalasawad ko Imolina Hontian Kitakit, o laloma’an saato no honti i malaplap tayra i Alciliya i Afrika. </p><p>1896miheca,mapalahedaw ko mali’acaay to koli a demak,nikawrira, 50’emang ko ka’adihay no koli away ko kalaklakan a maro’ sa kinaitiratira I loma’ no tawki a maro’, malamimaomahay , anca malatofangay.[12] I lawac no kakahaday lalan no syoto Antanalifopo adihay mapatireng ko malokasopsopan a loma’[13] to pilafinan no koli. Oya sa loma’ no honti malapiterian to tadamaanay dafong.[14] Adihay to ko mipatirengan a pitilidan, halo ya caayay ho ka tahiraan no Milina tamdaw toya maraayay ikemoday a niyaro’ ato salawacan no riyar mapatireng ko pitiridan. 6~13 ko mihecaan a ka’emangay mipaci’ecian a papitilid a mihatatanam to sowal no Fransu ato sakatayal a kicic. </p><p>Itiya I no hontian ho, o tayal ko sapasata no kalotamdaw to honti, onini a demak I mi’osawan no Fransu to sapisanga’ to lalan no cilamalay ato kalolalan.[15] </p><p>Itiya sato I sakacecay a kalaloodan no polong a kitakit,mikapot I sofitay no Fransu ko Matakaskar.[16] Tahayni sato I 20sici(‘ayaw no cecay so’ot miheca) ira ko pasaharateng no sifo no Toic to sapifaolawaw to Yotaya tamdaw tayra I Matakaskar.[17] Namalowid to ko Toic I caay sato ka laheci kona sapifolawaw to Yotaya a demak. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Hitler,_Speer_y_Breker_en_Par%C3%ADs,_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hitler%2C_Speer_y_Breker_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg/220px-Hitler%2C_Speer_y_Breker_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hitler%2C_Speer_y_Breker_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg/330px-Hitler%2C_Speer_y_Breker_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hitler%2C_Speer_y_Breker_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg/440px-Hitler%2C_Speer_y_Breker_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="2444" /></a><figcaption>ci Hitora o congtong no Toic(Hitler, Speer y Breker en París, 23 de junio de 1940)</figcaption></figure> <p>I sakatosa a kaloodan no polong a kitakit, ma’eco no Toic ko Fransu, mangoyangoy ko faloco’ no tamdaw no Matakaskar to pikowan no Fransu,ka o pisa’iked to a miniyahpikowan sato a misaharterateng no Matakaskar tamdaw, yo laheci saho ko lsakatosa lalood, i 1947miheca looden to no Matakaskar to mikowanay a Fransu.[18] I 1958miheca 10folad 14romi’ad, palosyang to pitatireng to Marakasi Kapolongan Kitaki,o cecay no komodan no Fransu a Niyahpikowan a kitakit,i 1959miheca malaheci a masanga’ ko Kinpo,ta patireng to Pacarcaray Sifo, 1960miheca saka’enem folad sakasepat safaw romi’ad malaheci to tomireng ko Malakasi Kapolongan Kitakit.[19] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niyahpikowan_a_kitakit(獨立後)"><span id="Niyahpikowan_a_kitakit.28.E7.8D.A8.E7.AB.8B.E5.BE.8C.29"></span>Niyahpikowan a kitakit(獨立後)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="mikawit to rekad：Niyahpikowan a kitakit(獨立後)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Niyahpikowan a kitakit(獨立後)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mapatireng ko Malakasi Kapolongan Kitakit, kinasepatay to misariyariyad ko kapolongan kitakit, mipatireng to fa’elohay kitakit I miriyad a misang’ amisafa’eloh to kinpo. Nani 1960miheca tahira 1972miheca o sakacecay a kapolongan kitakit,o mitoro’an no Fransu ci Filipir．Cilanana(<i>Philibert Tsiranana</i>，1912年10月18日－1978年4月16日）)ko malacongtongay. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg/220px-Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg/330px-Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg/440px-Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>o sa'ayaway congtong Filipir．Cilanana(Philibert Tsiranana 1962)</figcaption></figure> <p>O mitoro’an no Fransu sanaw o mitayalan ningra o sakaci’etan to, o sapikowan to toor hananay ko sowal no Fransu. Patinako han, o malakakeridan nomaamaan to a tatayalen sahetoay o Fransu a tamdaw,o singsi o Fransu to atamdaw, o sapipasifana’ o no Fransu tilid. Ciharateng sato ko finawlan ona tayal ni Cilanana caay ka sasiroma to pikowan no Fransu, o「fa’elohay a palatepesay mikowan」sa onian ko pakarawraw to finawlan a misapifelihaw tona sifo, 1972miheca saso’eli’elin sato a mafelih no finawlan.[20] </p><p>Toyanan to a miheca,o kakeridan no i palaay sofita malapacarcaray a congtong ato kakeridan no kitakit, caay ko mihaian no finawlan ko kalacongtong ningra,sakatolo miheca i 1975 tararikor sato a misawad. Do’edo’ sa ci Risyal Racimantorawa(<i>Richard Ratsimandrava</i>) ko malacongtongay, ’edeng’edeng ’enem a romi’ad ko kalacongtongan mapacok ta mapatay. O mido’edo’ay ci Cir Antoliyamahaco(<i>Gilles Andriamahazo</i>) ko malacongtongay,sepat a folad ko kalacongtong mafalic ni Titir Raciraka(<i>Didier Ratsiraka</i>，1975年－1993年；1997年－2002年) [[Faylo:Gvtratsiraka1.jpg|thumb|Gvtratsiraka1]] sanosofitay han ningra kopikowan to finawlan, falicen ko ngangan no kitakit to Matakaskar,misasyakaysyuki demak no kitakit. </p><p>Itiya sato i sakacecay kanikawan to simal(1973~1974), awa to ko katayalan mataring to ko tada no kitakit, o ‘orip sato no finawlan tadapakoyoc to,[21] i 1979miheca la’eto sato a mapeleng kona sifo. </p><p>Awa to ko kakeridan no sifo I, ci Aropet Cafi(Albert Zafy) ko micadaay a patireng to pacarcaray sifo, maala cingra i1992miheca a sinkiw to congtong, nipatirengan to sakakinatolo kapolongan a kitakit.[22] O misafa’elohan a kinpo i mihai to kasasiromaroma a saopo no sici, masaroma ko salongoc no finawlan,onini ko faco no fa’elohay a sifo. </p><p>2010miheca, mitopa ko polong tamdaw to pihai to misafa’elohan heca a kinpo, patireng to sakasept a kapolongan a kitakit,itini tona miliyawan a misafa’eloh a kinpo matiliday ama’osaw ko o finawlan ko pi’arawan a mikowan ato pihai to kasasiromaroma saopo no sici.[23] [[Faylo:Hery Rajaonarimampianina 2014.jpg|thumb|Hery Rajaonarimampianina </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Hery_Rajaonarimampianina_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hery_Rajaonarimampianina_2014.jpg/220px-Hery_Rajaonarimampianina_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hery_Rajaonarimampianina_2014.jpg/330px-Hery_Rajaonarimampianina_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Hery_Rajaonarimampianina_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Hery Rajaonarimampianina 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>2014]2013miheca,saka10folad,saka25romi’ad,misinkiw to congtong ato lipoiing, awaay ko paka’alaay to fatad no satopa no fanawlan, sa miliyaw ho to sakakinatosa a mitopa ko finawlan tono congtong a sinkiw I 2013miheca saka12folad,saka20romi’ad. I 2014miheca sakacecay folad saka7romi’ad, mapatalahekal ko lekal,ci Aili Matiyal Rakotoyalimanana Raciyawlimamanpiyani(Hery Martial Rakotoarimanana Rajaonarimampianina) 53.5% ko maalaay a satopa ta malacongtong.[24] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palapalaan_ato_Taliyokan(地理和生態)"><span id="Palapalaan_ato_Taliyokan.28.E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E5.92.8C.E7.94.9F.E6.85.8B.29"></span>Palapalaan ato Taliyokan(地理和生態)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="mikawit to rekad：Palapalaan ato Taliyokan(地理和生態)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Palapalaan ato Taliyokan(地理和生態)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O dadahal no pala 59,2800㎢ saka47 laylay i polong kitakit , o sakasepat ko katata’ang a kanatal. I sawaliay no Afrika, o sangataay a kitakit i, o Mosanpiko. I kawali misi’ayaway to riyar no Into, o lawac no riyar i kawali i, sahetoay o kilakilangan, i sifo’ an i, o masa’apilisay a omaomahan. </p><p>I ’ayaw no 1,35’ok(億)miheca, malipowak ko cikiw malapecih ko Matakaskar,katimolay lawac no cikiw , Into a karopaw ato Afrika ato Satimolan Amirika. I ‘ayaw no 8899 ofad miheca, miliyaw heca a mapecih lacinowas sato ko Matalaslar ato Into, maraay ko piliyas to romaroma a hekal sa ma’osaw ho ko caay kafalic ko kalahad no maamaan a kina’orip, o kilakilangan ato ’a’adopen.[25] O sera no Matakaskar ira ko tafotafokan, ira ko semosemotan, ira ko sena’sena’an, adihay ko kasasiromaroma no pala. [[Faylo:Biogeographic timetable of Madagascar - journal.pone.0062086.g003.png|thumb|Biogeographic timetable of Madagascar - journal.pone.0062086.g003]] </p><p>O romi’ad 'i, saka11folad~saka4folad, kafodo’an ato kafaliyosan, i saka5folad~saka10folad kasi’emelan, o ka’oradan, sa kahenay a malahad ko kinairaira. I sasifo’an a takaraway a pala ma’icangay sa’emelay. I 2004miheca ira ko tata’angay afaliyos, 172tamdaw ko mapatayay,21’ofad 4260tamdaw ko mafolaway. </p><p>Nano katelangan a miheca malaliyas to karopaw, sa caay ka cilamlam to samaamaanay a kinairaira, 90% odeng itini a ira, o lotong to, o ‘ayam to sahetoay o kakafahekaan a kinaira.[26] </p><p>I matakaskar iraay ko cecay ’ofad no kasasiromaroma no kina’orip,80% o itiniay aca a ira ko nini.patinako han o Lan hana(蘭花)ira ko 860 ko kasasiromaroma, o kalitolo no sepat o tadamaanay no nini.[27] Ira ho koroma a patinakoan, itini i mitahepoan no kakarayan i faloay ko kasasiroma no lotong hanaay facidol,o itiratiraay aca i Afrika cecay,i Awco cecay, ’enem i Matakaskar.[28][[Faylo:Penang Malaysia Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg|thumb|Penang Malaysia Ravenala-madaga </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg/220px-Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg/330px-Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg/440px-Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3102" data-file-height="5022" /></a><figcaption>Penang Malaysia Ravenala-madagascariensis-01</figcaption></figure> <p>Oroma sa o nangesan a kilang(棕櫚科)ira ko 170 ko kasasiroma,o sa’adihayay i tini Afrika, tona 170 no kasasiroma 165 itiniay aca i Matakaskar a malengaw.[29] Adihay ho ko masasiromaromaay a talod, manga’ayay kalasapa’iyoen, patinako han oya cangcunhua(長春花) o lalengawan i nani Matakaskar a matenak taracowacowa to akitakit, faloay ko tatapngan a kahirahira, pito ko kahirahira itini i Matkaskar.[30] ona hana tonini i,o sapisanga’ sapi’ada to kang(癌症)adada a sapaiyo sanay ko mikakinkiway.O kakafahekan a kilang i o rafinala(<i>ravinala</i>)hananay o itiniay a tamdaw a pangang, matiya o macelakay ko wikor a ‘ayam, tadamakapahay sa malatahapinangan no kitakit ato hikoki no Matakaskar.[31] </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Biogeographic_timetable_of_Madagascar_-_journal.pone.0062086.g003.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Biogeographic_timetable_of_Madagascar_-_journal.pone.0062086.g003.png/220px-Biogeographic_timetable_of_Madagascar_-_journal.pone.0062086.g003.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Biogeographic_timetable_of_Madagascar_-_journal.pone.0062086.g003.png/330px-Biogeographic_timetable_of_Madagascar_-_journal.pone.0062086.g003.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Biogeographic_timetable_of_Madagascar_-_journal.pone.0062086.g003.png/440px-Biogeographic_timetable_of_Madagascar_-_journal.pone.0062086.g003.png 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="4163" /></a><figcaption>O kasasiromaroma a kina'orip(Biogeographic timetable of Madagascar - journal.pone.0062086.g003)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tamdaw(人口)"><span id="Tamdaw.28.E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3.29"></span>Tamdaw(人口)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="mikawit to rekad：Tamdaw(人口)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Tamdaw(人口)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 2016miheca a misa’osi 2500 ’ofad ko polong tamdaw no Matakaskar.[32] Ilaloma’ nona tamtamdaw I,90% ko Matakaskar tamdaw, 18 kokasasiromaroma a finacadan.[33] I’ayaw no cecay so’ot miheca to pihapinang to lamit no ‘ilang oya DNA hananay, mapawacay to makalitosaay no Satimolan Finacadan a ‘ilang ato nani Afrikaay Panto Finacadan a ’ilang.[34] Oya maro’ay i sifo’ay no kitakit a tokotokasan pala a tamdaw o Satimalon Finacadan ko ‘alomanay, mahaop ko 26% no polong tamdaw no Matakaskar, o itiraay i lawac no riyariyaran a maro’ay tamdaw o Panto ko ‘alomanay, o polong no maro’ay I salawacan no riyar a tamdaw I o Pieti tamdaw ko sa’alomanay mahaop ko 14% no polong no kitakit tamdaw,do’edo sa I o Cimiheti tamdaw 6% ko haop, ato Sakalawa tamdaw.[35] </p><p>O caay ka hakowa ko tamdaw a finacadan ira ko Kaping, Into ato Tomo tamdaw,o cilamlamay to ‘ilang ko Yoropa a tamdaw caay to ka hakowa, naw iro malowan ko tamdaw hani, namasakakinih no itinitiniay aca a maro’, patinako han I 1976miheca marawraw a malaplap no Mahacanciya ko Kotomo atamdaw sa milaliw a mafolaw. O teloc no Yoropa matiya to a malowan. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png/181px-Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png/271px-Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png/362px-Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Kasasiromaroma Finacadan(Ethnic groups of Madagascar Map)</figcaption></figure> <p>2009miheca o katongal no masofocay tamdaw i 2.7%, o polong tamdaw nani 1900miheca 220 ‘ofad, macakat i 2012miheca to 2200 ’ofad. Kamoko’ay ko ‘orip, o caay ho ka tangasa i 15 ko mihecan mahaop 42.5%, nani 15 ko mihecan tahira 64 ko mihecan a tamdaw mahaop ko 54.5%, orasaka, o mata’elifay ko 65 ko mihecaan a malitengay haop sa to 3% aca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sowal_(語言)"><span id="Sowal_.28.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80.29"></span><b>Sowal (語言)</b></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="mikawit to rekad：Sowal (語言)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Sowal (語言)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O lalengawan sowal no Mtakaskar nano Malay-Polinisya Finacadan,o matenakay a sowal tona kanatal, nikawrira, adihay ho ko masasiromaromaay a sowal, nika talikeda ko tamtamdaw to masasiromaay sowal.[36] O na kasaniyaro’ a sowal i,tosa ko pecih o sakawli a Matakaskar ato o saka’etip a Matakaskar: o sakawali a niyaro’an sowal itiraay o sakawali a lilis no kilakilangan pala ato takaraway pala, o Milina niyaro’an sowal no Antananalifo o capa’ to onini sowal; o maro’ay I ka’etip a lilis no riyar a finawlan sahetoay ono saka’etipay Matakaskar sowal. </p><p>Yo pikowanan ho Fransu o sowal no Fransu ko hasasowal no sifo i Matakaskar, 1958 mihea masanga’ ko sa’ayaway a kinpo, itini tona kinpo a rikec I, o Matakaskar ato Fransu sowal kono sifoan sowal sanay ko tilid, malamikapotay sato ko Matakaskar to o Fransu sowal a kitakitakit, orasak o mitiliday ma’emin maafana’ to sowal no Fransu. O miliyawan a misanga’ kinpo i1992miheca ono sifoan to sowal ko Matakaskar sowal, ono kitakit to sowal saan ko rikec,orasaka ono Fransu sowal ko tilid, ono Fransu sowal ko tilid no sifo,naw iro sato ko fanawlan ora ko saka pakokot i Hoing(法院) mipacalalay to kinpo saan. Nika caayay ho kalatiliden no rikec ko tilid no Matakaskar, sa o hasowal ho no sifo ko Fransu sowal sato ko pisawkit no Kinpo Pisawkitan(高等憲法法院). </p><p>2007miheca a fa’elohay kinpo palaliyad heca a patalehekal tono sifoan sowal, o sowal no Matakaskar, sowal no Fransu ato sowal no Ikiris mapolong to malasowal no sifo.[37] 2010miheca 11folad a Polongan Pitopa no Finawlan(全民公投) mapalahedaw ko kalasowal no sifo ko Ikiris sowal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pitooran(宗教)"><span id="Pitooran.28.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.29"></span><b>Pitooran(宗教)</b></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=12" title="mikawit to rekad：Pitooran(宗教)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Pitooran(宗教)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malakitosa ko tamdaw no Matakaskar mipaso’elinay ho tono to’asan a pitooran,o sowal no to’as i,o ma’oripay a tamdaw ato mapatayay iraay ho ko kali’eki’ay akalakiting sanay. Orasaka, adihay ko lisin to pingodo to to’as, o demak no mitooray i misafangcal to tadem, o itiraay i takaraway pala ko ‘orip a tamdaw ira ko「mifelih to tatirengan no mapatayay a pariko a lisin」(<i>famadihana</i>),onini haw i,karkaren nani tadem ko tatirengan no mapatayay, mahelek a misawsaw pariko’en to [[Faylo:Famadihana reburial razana ancestor Madagascar.jpg|thumb|Famadihana reburial razana ancesfa’elahy a fancalay kiradom ta liyawen ho a mitadem(misawsaw to ’okak lisin), itini to matiniyay a lisin i mapolongay ko salawinawina ato niyaro’ a malipahak a mingodo to to’as, o roma i matahidang ko fiyaw a niyaro’ tayni a palafang mili’epah, ma’acang, nikawrira, o paysin no to’as i misa’icelan a mido’edo ta madipot no to’as yo sanay. Ano ira ko citatiihay a tamdaw ato loma’ onika caay ka pingodo to to’as, mapalafo to no to’as sanay ko tatodong. O citatiihay sato a tamdaw ato ciloma’ay misakolong paka’en to to’as to sapisaysay to faloco’ no to’as ta caay to ka palatiih to i hekalay ho laloma’an. </p><p>O tamdaw no Matakaskar ira ko kalitosa to mitooray ci Yisoan, o Ciwlokiw ato Tinsikiw makalitos ko tamdaw. Anini sato sahetoay to mapalamlam ko pitoor to Kristo ato to’asay a pitooran,patinako han ano midemak to「mifelih to tatirengan no mapatayay a pariko a lisin」(famadihana) a lisin i, itira ho i kyokay a miinori, malaheci to itira to i pitademan kono to’as a lisin. O mitooray to Kristo ira ko Tinsikiw, Fa’elohay Pitooran, Sini Pitooran ato Senko Pitooran, wataay ko picirep to sici nona kitakit.[38] </p><p>Ira a matenak ko Islam Pitooran ato Into Pitooran tona kitakit, o mitooray to Islam a tamdaw ira ko Matakaskar, Into, Pakistan ato Komo tamdaw. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punka_(文化)"><span id="Punka_.28.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.29"></span><b>Punka (文化)</b></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=13" title="mikawit to rekad：Punka (文化)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Punka (文化)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tada ahihay ko kasasiromaroma no finacadan no Matakaskar kitakit, oya cecay a finacadan o cecay a punka, halafin to ko ’orip itini sa masasifasif kono niyah punka, faco no ’orip, lekakawa, ato pitooran. Nilawrira, ira ko pinapina a kasasitekelo no punka, malopatosokan no Matakaskar punka. Caay ko ’edengan o sowal aca ko malaliniay a mafana’ a somowal a mitengil, malacecay ko rarengawan to’as ato pita’omg to to’as a lisin, ono to’asan a nitahafan nokakarayan a harateng i,o 「madadama」<i>(fihavanana)</i>,「lemed」<i>(vintana)</i> ,「nokay no safalat」<i>(tody)</i> ato 「hasina」(<i>hasina</i>) ko micerepay i faloco’ no tamtadaw. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faylo:Famadihana_reburial_razana_ancestor_Madagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Famadihana_reburial_razana_ancestor_Madagascar.jpg/220px-Famadihana_reburial_razana_ancestor_Madagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Famadihana_reburial_razana_ancestor_Madagascar.jpg/330px-Famadihana_reburial_razana_ancestor_Madagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Famadihana_reburial_razana_ancestor_Madagascar.jpg/440px-Famadihana_reburial_razana_ancestor_Madagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>karkaren nani tadem liyawen pariko' a mitadem.(Famadihana reburial razana ancestor Madagascar)</figcaption></figure> <p>O「hasina」hananay i fancalay a ’icel no ’orip sanay ko tatodong nona sowal, nika paso’elin ko finawlan ona fancalay ’icel ko midipotay to niyaro’ ato lalomaan ato ha’icel no malatapangay. Orama a heci no punka ira ho ko: mitalikay mikelit to ofil no panga, misalimela to ngasaw, paso’elin to cikawasay, mi’edaw misalisin ato no to’as a sapa’iyo, o paifatafatadan no tamdaw: ira ko fafaway tamdaw, ira ko kalotamdaw ato koli.[39] Pakaynien I rikec no kitakit mapalahedaway to ko paifatafatadan no tamdaw alekakawa,nikawrira, o nano nika sa tisil i syakay , o pili’etan a tayal ato hakowaay ko ‘icel iso a pakangiyangi to syakay nani tiniay i tisil no ’orip(社會種性).[40] Ano mimaaman to, o pi’edaw(<i>Mpanandro</i>) ko pinengnengan to kalotayal. </p><p>O punka no Matakaskar mipalatalahekalay to kasasiroma a rarengawa no punka, patinakohan , o tiftif a potoy(<i>valiha</i>) o ’aol ko sapisanga’, o Citola tiftif hananay, o nani satimolan Kalimantan Sakowan a tamdaw ko mihawikiday a tayni, miriniay tono aniniay Inni ato Filipin a tiftif.  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pihapinangan_a_Tilid(註腳)"><span id="Pihapinangan_a_Tilid.28.E8.A8.BB.E8.85.B3.29"></span>Pihapinangan a Tilid(註腳)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=14" title="mikawit to rekad：Pihapinangan a Tilid(註腳)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Pihapinangan a Tilid(註腳)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> National Geographic. Style Manual. [2015-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-17）. </p><p><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Cousins, William Edward. Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects. London: The Religious Tract Society. 1895: 11–12 [2014-05-07]. </p><p><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Room, Adrian. Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. 2006: 230 [2014-05-07]. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7. （原始內容存檔於2014-05-13）. </p><p>[4] Crowley, B.E. A refined chronology of prehistoric Madagascar and the demise of the megafauna. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2010, 29 (19-20): 2591–2603. Bibcode:2010QSRv...29.2591C. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.030. </p><p>[5] Peter Forster, Shuichi Matsumutra, Matthieu Vizuete-Forster, Petya Belinda Blumbach & Robert Dewar. The Genetic Prehistory of Madagascar's Female Asian Lineages. Shuichi Matsumura, Peter Forster, Colin Renfrew (編). Simulations, Genetics and Human Prehistory. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Press. 2008: 71–77. </p><p>[6] Virah-Sawmy, M.; Willis, K.J.; Gillson, L. Evidence for drought and forest declines during the recent megafaunal extinctions in Madagascar. Journal of Biogeography. 2010, <b>37</b> (3): 506–519. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02203.x. </p><p>[7] Ogot, Bethwell. Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Paris: UNESCO. 1992: 418 [2014-05-08]. ISBN 978-92-3-101711-7. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-20）. </p><p>[8] Van Den Boogaerde, Pierre. Shipwrecks of Madagascar. New York: AEG Publishing Group. 2008: 7 [2014-05-09]. ISBN 978-1-60693-494-4. </p><p>[9] Randier, Jean. La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française. Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise: Babouji. 2006: 400. ISBN 2-35261-022-2. </p><p>[10] Curtin, Philip D. Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. 1998: 186 [2014-05-09]. ISBN 978-0-521-59835-4. （原始內容存檔於2014-05-27）. </p><p>[11] Oliver, Roland; Fage, John Donnelly; Sanderson, G.N. The Cambridge History of Africa 6. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 1985 [2014-05-10]. ISBN 978-0-521-22803-9. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-28）. </p><p>[12] Shillington, Kevin. Encyclopedia of African history. New York: CRC Press. 2005: 878. ISBN 1-57958-453-5. </p><p>[13] Fournet-Guérin, Catherine. Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache. Antananarivo, Madagascar: Karthala Editions. 2007: 45–54 [2014-05-09]. ISBN 978-2-84586-869-4. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-26）. </p><p>[14] Frémigacci, Jean. Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire?. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (編). Histoire d'Afrique. Paris: Editions Karthala. 1999: 421-444. ISBN 978-2-86537-904-0. </p><p>[15] Reinsch, Paul Samuel. Colonial Administration. New York: Macmillan. 1905: 377 [2014-05-09]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-08）. </p><p>[16] Bureau of African Affairs. Background Note: Madagascar. U.S. Department of State. 2011-05-03 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2011-08-24） </p><p>[17] Browning, Christopher R. The Origins of the Final Solution. Jerusalem: Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. 2004: 81–89 [2014-05-09]. ISBN 3-540-63293-X. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-13）. </p><p>[18] Lehoullier, Sara. Madagascar: Travel Companion. New York: Other Places Publishing. 2010: 107 [2014-05-09]. ISBN 978-0-9822619-5-8. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-08）. </p><p>[19] Pryor, Frederic L. The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. 1990: 209–210 [2014-05-09]. ISBN 978-0-19-520823-8. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-22） </p><p>[20] Metz, Helen Chapin. Library of Congress Country Studies: Madagascar. 1994 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-26）. </p><p>[21] Metz, Helen Chapin. Library of Congress Country Studies: Madagascar. 1994 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-26）. </p><p>[22] Madagascar: La Crise a un Tournant Critique?. International Crisis Group. [2014-05-09]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-09）. </p><p>[23] Madagascar: La Crise a un Tournant Critique?. International Crisis Group. [2014-05-09]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-09）. </p><p>[24] Madagascar Court confirms President-elect. Voice Of America. 2014-01-17 [2014-05-09]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-04）. </p><p>[25] University of Berkeley: Understanding Evolution. Where did all of Madagascar's species come from?. 2009-10 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-05）. </p><p>[26] Hobbes, Joseph; Dolan, Andrew. World Regional Geography. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. 2008: 517 [2014-05-07]. ISBN 978-0-495-38950-7. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-19）. </p><p>[27] Bradt, Hilary. Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide. London: Bradt Travel Guides. 2011 [2014-05-07]. ISBN 978-1-84162-341-2. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-13）. </p><p>[28] Baum DA, Small RL, Wendel JF. Biogeography and floral evolution of baobabs (Adansonia, Bombacaceae) as inferred from multiple data sets. Systematic Biology. 1998, 47 (2): 181–207. PMID 12064226. doi:10.1080/106351598260879. </p><p>[29] Bradt, Hilary. Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide. London: Bradt Travel Guides. 2011 [2014-05-07]. ISBN 978-1-84162-341-2. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-13）. </p><p>[30] Foster, Steven. From Herbs to Medicines: The Madagascar Periwinkle's Impact on Childhood Leukemia: A Serendipitous Discovery for Treatment. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 2010-12, 16 (6): 347–350. doi:10.1089/act.2010.16609. </p><p>[31] Lambahoany Ecotourism Centre. Nature of Madagascar. Lambahoany Ecotourism Centre. 2011-08-24 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-03） </p><p>[32] "World Population prospects – Population division". population.un.org. 聯合國經濟和社會事務部人口司. [2019-11-09]. </p><p>[33] Bureau of African Affairs. Background Note: Madagascar. U.S. Department of State. 2011-05-03 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2011-08-24）. </p><p>[34] Hurles ME, Sykes BC, Jobling MA, Forster P. The dual origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: evidence from maternal and paternal lineages. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2005-05-04, 76 (5): 894–901 [2014-05-10]. PMC 1199379. PMID 15793703. doi:10.1086/430051. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-19）. </p><p>[35] Metz, Helen Chapin. Library of Congress Country Studies: Madagascar. 1994 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-26）. <b>i'ayaway a tilid ko nini</b> Itini i 20 00 S, 47 00 E, noAfilika ko [[|Madagascar|Madagascar]]. Polong no sekalay i 587,041 sq km “saka 47 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 581,540 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 5,501 sq km ” Polong i 24,430,325 ko tamdaw. </p><p>[36] Rajaonarimanana, Narivelo. Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache. Langues INALCO. Paris: Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque. 2001: 8. ISBN 2-911053-79-6. </p><p>[37] Madagascar: 2007 Constitutional referendum. Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa. 2010-06 [2014-05-10]. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-13）. </p><p>[38] Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. International Religious Freedom Report: Madagascar. U.S. Department of State. 2006 [2014-05-10]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-14）. </p><p>[39] Metz, Helen Chapin. Library of Congress Country Studies: Madagascar. 1994 [2014-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-26）. </p><p>[40] Middleton, Karen. Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar. Los Angeles: Brill. 1999: 259–262, 272, 309 [2014-05-10]. ISBN 978-90-04-11289-6. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-21）. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pitiri'an_tilid(參考文件)"><span id="Pitiri.27an_tilid.28.E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6.29"></span>Pitiri'an tilid(參考文件)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=15" title="mikawit to rekad：Pitiri'an tilid(參考文件)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mikawit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=15" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Pitiri'an tilid(參考文件)"><span>o yin-se-ma no pisinanot</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 71.10%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) </p><p>a sera 21.50%, malo no roma to a sera 7.40%. </p><p>siyoto(首都) O [[|[Antananarivo]](安塔那那利佛) ko Siyoto. </p><p>katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakaenem 26 a romi’ad. </p><p>O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci [[|Hery Rajaonarimampianina|Hery Rajaonarimampianina]](埃里·拉喬納里馬曼皮亞尼納), patirengan a romi’ad i 2014 a miheca(年) saka 1 folad saka 25 a romi’ad. </p><p>Pi’arawan to lakaw </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/">CIA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html">外交部</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government">List of current heads of state and government</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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