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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Американски протей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Американски протей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necturus_maculosus" title="Necturus maculosus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Necturus maculosus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C3%A1brono%C5%A1_skvrnit%C3%BD" title="Žábronoš skvrnitý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žábronoš skvrnitý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefleckter_Furchenmolch" title="Gefleckter Furchenmolch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gefleckter Furchenmolch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1%C5%82t%C5%82%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1h_tsxilgh%C3%A1%C3%A1h_%C3%ADiyis%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Táłtłʼááh tsxilghááh íiyisígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Táłtłʼááh tsxilghááh íiyisígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necturus_maculosus" title="Necturus maculosus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Necturus maculosus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necturus_maculosus" title="Necturus maculosus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Necturus maculosus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necture_tachet%C3%A9" title="Necture tacheté – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Necture tacheté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necturus_maculosus" title="Necturus maculosus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Necturus maculosus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%9D%99%EA%B0%95%EC%95%84%EC%A7%80" title="진흙강아지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진흙강아지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99" title="נקטורוס מצוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נקטורוס מצוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foltos_bar%C3%A1zd%C3%A1sg%C5%91te" title="Foltos barázdásgőte – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Foltos barázdásgőte" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudpuppy" title="Mudpuppy – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mudpuppy" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudpuppy" title="Mudpuppy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mudpuppy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odmieniec_ameryka%C5%84ski" title="Odmieniec amerykański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odmieniec amerykański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necturus_maculosus" title="Necturus maculosus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Necturus maculosus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Американский протей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американский протей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_mudpuppy" title="Common mudpuppy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Common mudpuppy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koirasalamanteri" title="Koirasalamanteri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koirasalamanteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_olm" title="Amerikansk olm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amerikansk olm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Species of salamander</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Common mudpuppy<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene</a> - Recent<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Necturus_maculosus_maculosus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Necturus_maculosus_maculosus.jpg/220px-Necturus_maculosus_maculosus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Necturus_maculosus_maculosus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Necturus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">Urodela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proteidae" title="Proteidae">Proteidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Necturus" title="Necturus"><i>Necturus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>N. maculosus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Necturus maculosus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque-Schmaltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz">Rafinesque</a>, 1818)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Necturus_maculosus_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Necturus_maculosus_map.svg/220px-Necturus_maculosus_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Necturus_maculosus_map.svg/330px-Necturus_maculosus_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Necturus_maculosus_map.svg/440px-Necturus_maculosus_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1325" data-file-height="927" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Range of <i>N. maculosus</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Sirena maculosa</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque-Schmaltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz">Rafinesque</a>, 1818</small> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>common mudpuppy</b> (<i><b>Necturus maculosus</b></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">salamander</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Proteidae" title="Proteidae">Proteidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mattison,_Chris_2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattison,_Chris_2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lives an entirely aquatic lifestyle in parts of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> in lakes, rivers, and ponds. It goes through <a href="/wiki/Paedomorphosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paedomorphosis">paedomorphosis</a> and retains its <a href="/wiki/External_gills" title="External gills">external gills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because skin and lung respiration alone is not sufficient for gas exchange, the common mudpuppy must rely on external gills as its primary means of gas exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-Chiasson,_Richard_B_1969_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiasson,_Richard_B_1969-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is usually a rusty brown color<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can grow to an average total length (including tail) of 13 in (330 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Nocturnal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturnal">nocturnal</a> creature, and is active during the day only if the water in which it lives is murky.<sup id="cite_ref-Mattison,_Chris_2005_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattison,_Chris_2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its diet consists of almost anything it can get into its mouth, including <a href="/wiki/Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mollusks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusks">mollusks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Earthworms" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthworms">earthworms</a> (as well as other <a href="/wiki/Annelids" class="mw-redirect" title="Annelids">annelids</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once a female common mudpuppy reaches <a href="/wiki/Sexual_maturity" title="Sexual maturity">sexual maturity</a> at six years of age, she can lay an average of 60 eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wild, the average lifespan of a common mudpuppy is 11 years.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The common mudpuppy can be a rusty brown color with gray and black and usually has blackish-blue spots, but some albino adults have been reported in Arkansas.<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In clear, light water, their skin gets darker, likewise in darker water, their skin gets lighter in color.<sup id="cite_ref-Chiasson,_Richard_B_1969_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiasson,_Richard_B_1969-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At sexual maturity, mudpuppies can be 20 cm (8 in) long and continue to grow to an average length of 33 cm (13 in), though specimens up to 43.5 cm (17.1 in) have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their external gills resemble ostrich plumes and their size depends on the oxygen levels present in the water. In stagnant water, mudpuppies have larger gills, whereas in running streams where oxygen is more prevalent, they have smaller gills.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distal portions of the gills are very filamentous and contain many capillaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mudpuppies also have small, flattened limbs which can be used for slowly walking on the bottoms of streams or ponds, or they can be flattened against the body during short swimming spurts.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have <a href="/wiki/Skin#Mucous_Glands" title="Skin">mucous glands</a> which provide a slimy protective coating <sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neoteny">Neoteny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Neoteny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mudpuppies are one of many species of salamanders that fail to undergo <a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis" title="Metamorphosis">metamorphosis</a>. Most hypotheses surrounding the origin of <i>Necturus</i>'s lack of metamorphosis concern the effectiveness of the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid gland</a>. The thyroid gland in some salamanders, like the <a href="/wiki/Axolotl" title="Axolotl">axolotl</a>, produce normal thyroid hormones (THs), but cells in the organism express thyroid hormone receptors (TR) that are mutated, and do not bond correctly with thyroid hormones, leading to some salamanders in a state of perpetual juvenile-hood.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to axolotls, in mudpuppies, these THs are normally expressed. However, it is believed that instead of having TH-insensitive tissues that block the effects of THs, some mudpuppy tissues, such as the external gills, have lost the ability to be regulated by TH over time.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This selective insensitivity to THs suggests a normal level of activity in the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in developing mudpuppies, unlike other <a href="/wiki/Salamander#Reproduction_and_development" title="Salamander">salamander</a> species. </p><p>The common mudpuppy also does not have a <a href="/wiki/Parathyroid_gland" title="Parathyroid gland">parathyroid gland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of salamanders with parathyroid glands rely on them to help with hypercalcemic regulation; hypercalcemic regulation in mudpuppies is primarily done by the <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In common mudpuppies, the purpose of the absence of a parathyroid gland is poorly understood. One reason for the absence might be the lack of variability in the climate of mudpuppies, as the parathyroid glands of salamanders vary greatly depending on seasonal changes, or whether the organism hibernates.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Necturus maculosus</i> specimens live in streams, lakes, and ponds in the eastern part of North America.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They appear in the southern section of Canada, as far south as Georgia, and from the Midwest United States to North Carolina. Behaviorally, they hide under cover such as rocks and logs during the day and become more active at night.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in muddy waters, the mudpuppy may become active during the day.<sup id="cite_ref-Mattison,_Chris_2005_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattison,_Chris_2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mudpuppies can even live under the ice when lakes freeze.<sup id="cite_ref-Mattison,_Chris_2005_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattison,_Chris_2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is an introduced population in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Composite_photo_of_mudpuppy_mouth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Composite_photo_of_mudpuppy_mouth.jpg/392px-Composite_photo_of_mudpuppy_mouth.jpg" decoding="async" width="392" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Composite_photo_of_mudpuppy_mouth.jpg/588px-Composite_photo_of_mudpuppy_mouth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Composite_photo_of_mudpuppy_mouth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>A) Overall view of common mudpuppy mouth. B) Ventral view of vomerine and premaxillary teeth, located on the upper part of the mudpuppy mouth. C) Lower jaw, or dentary from a common mudpuppy showing the homodont dentary teeth. Specimen from the Pacific Lutheran University Natural History collection</figcaption></figure> <p>Mudpuppies use rows of teeth to eat their prey.<sup id="cite_ref-Chiasson,_Richard_B_1969_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiasson,_Richard_B_1969-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salamanders have three different sets of teeth: dentary, premaxillary, and vomerine teeth, which are named due to their location in the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the teeth, despite their different locations, are very similar. They are small and conical, meaning mudpuppies are <a href="/wiki/Homodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Homodont">homodonts</a> due to their similar shape.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common mudpuppy never leaves its aquatic environment and therefore does not undergo morphogenesis; however, many <a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">salamanders</a> do and develop differentiated teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-Xiong2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xiong2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquatic salamander teeth are used to hinder escape of the prey from the salamander; they do not have a crushing function.<sup id="cite_ref-Xiong2014_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xiong2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This aids the salamander when feeding. When the salamander performs the "suck and gape" feeding style, the prey is pulled into the mouth, and the teeth function to hold the prey inside the mouth and prevent the prey from escaping.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At both sides of their mouths their lips interlock, which allows them to use suction feeding.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are carnivorous creatures and will eat almost anything they can get into their mouths. Typically they prey upon animals such as insects and their larvae,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mollusks, annelids, crayfish,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> small fish, amphibians, earthworms, and <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spiders</a>. The jaw of a mudpuppy also plays a significant role in its diet. The mudpuppy jaw is considered <a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">metaautostyly</a>, like most amphibians, meaning the jaw is more stable and that the salamander has a <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">dentary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This affects their diet by limiting the flexibility of the jaw to take in larger prey. The mudpuppy has few predators which may include fish, <a href="/wiki/Crayfish" title="Crayfish">crayfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nerodia" title="Nerodia">water snakes</a>. Fishermen also frequently catch and discard them.<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mudpuppies take six years to reach sexual maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mating typically takes place in autumn, though eggs are not laid till much later.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When males are ready to breed, their <a href="/wiki/Cloaca" title="Cloaca">cloacae</a> become swollen. Males deposit their <a href="/wiki/Spermatophores" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophores">spermatophores</a> in the substratum of the environment. The female will then pick them up with her cloaca and store them in a small specialized gland, a <a href="/wiki/Spermatheca" title="Spermatheca">spermatheca</a>, until the eggs are fertilized.<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Females store the sperm until ovulation and internal fertilization take place, usually just prior to deposition in the spring.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the eggs are deposited, male mudpuppies leave the nest.<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once ready, the female deposits the eggs in a safe location, usually on the underside of a rock or log.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can lay from 20 to 200 eggs,<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually an average of 60.<sup id="cite_ref-Petranka_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petranka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eggs are not pigmented and are about 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) mm in diameter. The female stays with her eggs during the incubation period (around 40 days). Hatchlings are about 2.5 cm (0.98 in) long and grow to 3.6 cm (1.4 in) before the yolk is completely consumed.<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_and_Nussbaum._7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans_and_Nussbaum.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subspecies">Subspecies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subspecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> are recognized as being valid, including the <a href="/wiki/Nominotypical_subspecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominotypical subspecies">nominotypical subspecies</a>. </p> <ul><li><i>Necturus maculosus louisianensis</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Percy_Viosca" title="Percy Viosca">Viosca</a>, 1937</small> (Red River mudpuppy)</li> <li><i>Necturus maculosus maculosus</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a>, 1818)</small> (common mudpuppy)</li> <li><i>Necturus maculosus stictus</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Sherman_C._Bishop" title="Sherman C. Bishop">Bishop</a>, 1941</small> (Lake Winnebago mudpuppy)</li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nota_bene" title="Nota bene">Nota bene</a></i>: A <a href="/wiki/Trinomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinomen">trinomial authority</a> in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> other than <i><a href="/wiki/Necturus" title="Necturus">Necturus</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37356">"Fossilworks: <i>Necturus </i>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fossilworks%3A+Necturus+&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaleobiodb.org%2Fclassic%2FcheckTaxonInfo%3Ftaxon_no%3D37356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+mudpuppy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Amphibian_Specialist_Group2015" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/59433/64731610">"<i>Necturus maculosus </i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T59433A64731610. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59433A64731610.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59433A64731610.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Mudpuppy." in <i>Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians: An Essential Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of the World.</i> Thunder Bay Press, pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday,_Tim_R._1986_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Halliday, Tim R., and <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kraig_Kerr_Adler" class="extiw" title="species:Kraig Kerr Adler">Kraig Adler</a> (editors) (1986). 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"Further Account of Discoveries in Natural History, in the Western States". <i>American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review</i> <b>4</b>: 39–42. (<i>Sirena maculosa</i>, new species, p. 41).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_mudpuppy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Necturus_maculosus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Necturus maculosus">Necturus maculosus</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528125522/http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite/glfc-amphibians/necturus-maculosus">Mudpuppy (<i>Necturus maculosus</i>)</a>, Natural Resources Canada</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Necturus maculosus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604445" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q604445">Q604445</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Necturus_maculosus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Necturus maculosus">Necturus maculosus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/AmphibiaWeb" title="AmphibiaWeb">AmphibiaWeb</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4226">4226</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/necturus-maculosus/">necturus-maculosus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Amphibian_Species_of_the_World" title="Amphibian Species of the World">ASW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Caudata/Proteidae/Necturus/Necturus-maculosus">Necturus-maculosus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=142728">142728</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/463VD">463VD</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/313513">313513</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2432048">2432048</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" title="Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1988">1988</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/27685">27685</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10189046">10189046</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=173630">173630</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/88373148">88373148</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NAS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=156">156</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105412/">2.105412</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=42757">42757</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/203969/">203969</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=963035">963035</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=376115">376115</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=61509">61509</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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