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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">查看“︁木糖醇”︁的源代码</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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href="/zh-hans/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E6%259C%25A8%25E7%25B3%2596%25E9%2586%2587%26action%3Dedit"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E6%259C%25A8%25E7%25B3%2596%25E9%2586%2587%26action%3Dedit"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212093" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">←<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" title="木糖醇">木糖醇</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>根据以下的原因，您并无权限去编辑该页面： </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <table id="mw-blocked-text" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,rgba(0,0,0,0.4)); border-radius: 3px; width:100%; margin:0 auto 6px auto; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin: 1.3em 0 1.3em 0;"><div style="font-size:1.6em; color:var(--color-error,rgba(221,51,51,1));"><b>您現在使用的IP地址目前不能編輯維基百科</b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; padding: 0 2em; border-radius: 3px;"><b>您可以瀏覽頁面</b>，但不能編輯或建立頁面</div></div> </div> <div style="margin:auto; width:70%;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <p>目前，IP地址區段「<u>8.222.0.0/16</u>」已被‪Jimmy-abot‬<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLOCK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLOCK">封禁</a></b>，而您所使用的IP地址正位於被封禁的範圍內。該IP地址區段被封禁的 </p> <div style="margin:1em; background: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); padding:0.6em 2em; border:0px var(--border-color-notice,#666) solid; border-radius: 3px;" id="mw-blocked-text-reason"> <div style="color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1))">封禁理由：</div> <div style="color: var(--color-error,rgba(221,51,51,1)); margin:0.5em 1em"> <table class="user-block" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); padding: 0.5em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banned_proxys.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/50px-Banned_proxys.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/75px-Banned_proxys.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/100px-Banned_proxys.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>您正在使用的<a href="/wiki/IP%E4%BD%8D%E5%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="IP位址">IP地址</a>被判定用于代理工具，因此这一IP已经被封禁。 <p>为防止破坏，<b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/No_open_proxies/zh" class="extiw" title="m:No open proxies/zh">维基媒体基金会禁止使用部分代理工具来编辑维基百科</a></b>。 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; padding-top: 0.5em;"> <p><b>为什么？</b> </p><p>您当前访问维基百科使用的IP被我们判定为代理（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="突破网络审查">突破网络审查</a>）工具所使用的IP。因代理工具可以隐藏用户的真实IP，使破坏者可以以人工或程序对维基百科进行破坏，故禁止使用公共代理工具进行编辑。 </p><p><b>怎么办？</b> </p> <ul><li>直接访问维基百科，不经过代理服务。</li> <li>如果您在中国大陆而必须使用代理服务器，或是有特殊需要，请您 <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock-zh/Blocked_proxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Unblock-zh/Blocked proxy"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" role="button">使用网站</span></a></span> 或者 <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPBEMAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPBEMAIL"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" role="button">使用电邮</span></a></span> 申请IP封禁豁免。带有此权限的用户可以使用被封禁的代理编辑维基百科。</li> <li>如果您相信自己并未运行或使用代理，那很可能是因为上一个从<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%BE%9B%E5%BA%94%E5%95%86" title="互联网服务供应商">互联网服务供应商</a>分配到此IP地址的用户运行了代理。那么请在您的<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:讨论页">讨论页</a>使用{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>}}模板申请解除封禁。极少数情况下，您的网络设备或服务提供商可能未进行正确配置，或已被恶意软件（如病毒）入侵。</li> <li>您如果无法自行解决问题，可至<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93" title="Wikipedia:IRC聊天频道">IRC聊天频道</a>寻求其他编者的帮助。</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1))">這次封禁的結束時間是：<b>2025年7月23日 (三) 10:52 (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>)</b></div> </div> <p>如您对此封禁有疑问或异议，您可以： </p> <div style="margin:1em; background: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1)); padding:0.6em 2em; border:0px var(--border-color-notice,#666 solid); border-radius: 3px;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.4em;"><b>网站申诉</b>：前往<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unblock-zh.org/new/zhwp">-{R|https://unblock-zh.org/new/zhwp}-</a>，如果您没有账户，请选择“无法创建账户”。如果您有账户，请选择“已有账户，但无法编辑”。在页面下方的“IP地址和IPBE”一节，请您选择“检测并提供我的IP地址信息，同时申请IPBE权限”。如果您使用代理/翻墙工具，请确保您开启全局模式，以保证我们获得您的准确IP信息。管理员将手工处理您的请求。</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.4em;"><b>邮件申诉</b>：将您的用户名和申诉理由写入电子邮件，发送至 <b><samp>unblock-zh<span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="@"><img alt="@" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/12px-Nospam_at.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/18px-Nospam_at.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/24px-Nospam_at.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>lists.wikimedia.org</samp></b>。管理员将在收到邮件后考虑您的请求。请注意邮件发送可能会有延时，请勿重复多次发送。</div> <div class="user-show"><b>联络管理员</b>：聯絡<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%94%B5%E9%82%AE%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB/Jimmy-abot" title="Special:电邮联系/Jimmy-abot">执行封禁的管理员‪Jimmy-abot‬</a>或者其他的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95#在任管理员" title="Wikipedia:管理员名单">管理員</a>，討論這次封禁。如果您希望使用「電郵用戶」功能聯絡管理員，請注意您必须已于您的<a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE" title="Special:参数设置">参数设置</a>中設定了一個有效的電子郵件地址，并且在管理员执行封禁时没有被禁止发送电子邮件。</div></div> <p>您目前的IP地址是8.222.208.146，而該封鎖ID是#566341。請您在所有申訴中註明此IP地址及封鎖ID。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div style="height: 2em;"></div> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>您的IP地址属于已<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">在所有维基媒体基金会维基受到封禁</a>的地址段。</b> <p>封禁执行者是<a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>。封禁原因是<i><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </i>。 </p> <ul><li>封禁开始时间：2023年8月27日 (日) 15:12</li> <li>封禁期满时间：2028年8月27日 (日) 15:12</li></ul> <p>您当前的IP地址是8.222.208.146。封禁的地址段是8.222.128.0/17。 </p> 请在进行咨询时提供上面所有详情。如果您认为您受到错误封禁，您可以在<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">禁止公开代理</a>全域方针里找到更多信息和说明。您也可以<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">到元维基发布复查申请</a>讨论该封禁。您还可以给<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">监管员</a><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a>队列（<kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd>）发送提供上面所有详情的电子邮件。</li></ul><hr /> <p>您可以查看和复制此页面的源代码。 </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="zh" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{noteTA|G1=生命科学}} {{Chembox | Name = 木糖醇 | Reference =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9925453|title=MSDS for xylitol|accessdate=2008-05-13|archivedate=2007-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090902/http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9925453|dead-url=no}}</ref> | ImageFile = Xylitol-2D-structure.svg | ImageSize = 200px | ImageName = 木糖醇 | ImageFile1 = Xylitol crystals.jpg | ImageSize1 = 250px | ImageCaption1 = 木糖醇晶体 | IUPACName = (''2R,3R,4S'')-Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentanol | OtherNames = 1,2,3,4,5-五羟基戊烷、晒駱駝{{NoteTag|[[香港]]和[[台灣]]一個廣告取英語 Xylitol 的[[粵語]]諧音而稱之为“曬駱駝”。}}、戊五醇 | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 87-99-0 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | SMILES = C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O | InChI = 1/C5H12O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h3-10H,1-2H2 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}| UNII = VCQ006KQ1E | ChEMBL = 96783 | PubChem = 6912 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}| ChemSpiderID = 6646 | InChIKey = HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYBA | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}| StdInChI = 1S/C5H12O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h3-10H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5+ | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}| StdInChIKey = HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = [[碳|C]]<sub>5</sub>[[氢|H]]<sub>12</sub>[[氧|O]]<sub>5</sub> | MolarMass = 152.15 | Density = 1.52 g/cm³ | MeltingPt = {{convert|92|-|96|°C|°F K}} | BoilingPt = {{convert|216|°C|°F K}} | Solubility = 极易溶 }} | Section8 = {{Chembox Related | Function = [[烷烃]] | OtherFunctn = [[戊烷]] }} }} '''木糖醇'''（xylitol），即'''(''2R,3R,4S'')-戊五醇'''，為[[糖醇]]的一種，是一种可以作为[[蔗糖]]替代物的[[戊糖|五碳]][[糖醇]]，是[[木糖]][[木糖代谢|代谢]]的产物，木糖广泛存在于各种植物中，可从[[白桦]]、[[覆盆子]]、[[玉米]]、[[燕麦|燕麥]]殼<ref>{{Cite web|last=foodnavigator.com|title=Fazer introduces world’s first – and possibly most sustainable – xylitol made from Nordic oats|url=https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/05/25/fazer-introduces-world-s-first-and-possibly-most-sustainable-xylitol-made-from-nordic-oats|access-date=2022-12-28|website=foodnavigator.com|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626205929/https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/05/25/fazer-introduces-world-s-first-and-possibly-most-sustainable-xylitol-made-from-nordic-oats|dead-url=no}}</ref>等植物原料中提取，目前主要产自[[中国]]。木糖醇主要由[[木糖]]的加氢还原得到。木糖醇被用作[[糖類食品]]及[[糖類食品|代糖品]]，其[[E编码|E編碼]]為E967。木糖醇對人類來說是可食用的[[食品添加物]]，甜度与[[蔗糖]]相当，但[[热量]]只有等重蔗糖的60%，可被用來替代[[蔗糖]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Xylitol |year=2018 |website=Drugs.com |url=https://www.drugs.com/npp/xylitol.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.drugs.com/npp/xylitol.html |date=20230318085610 }}</ref>。但木糖醇對於[[犬|狗]]等多種動物具有毒性。<ref>{{cite web |title=甜味劑木糖醇對狗狗健康有害的原因 |url=https://www.hills.com.tw/dog-care/nutrition-feeding/is-xylitol-harmful-to-dogs |website=希爾思™寵物營養 |access-date=2021-09-09 |archive-date=2021-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909033049/https://www.hills.com.tw/dog-care/nutrition-feeding/is-xylitol-harmful-to-dogs |dead-url=no }}</ref> == 医学领域 == [[File:Chewing gum stick.jpg|thumb|含有木糖醇的口香糖]] ===牙科=== 由于木糖醇不能被细菌分解，它可取代甜品中的[[糖|糖份]]以防止[[蛀牙]]。木糖醇产品在[[芬兰]]十分普遍，给儿童食用的糖果都以木糖醇代替蔗糖，以保护儿童[[牙齿]]健康。目前市面上許多無糖[[口香糖]]皆採用木糖醇来提供[[甜|甜味]]。2015年的一份研究表明，相比使用不含木糖醇的含氟牙膏的儿童，使用带有木糖醇的含氟牙膏的儿童患龋齿的機率要低，但现有的证据品質较低不足以笼统概括。<ref name="riley">{{Cite journal|title=Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25809586|last=Riley|first=Philip|last2=Moore|first2=Deborah|date=2015-03-26|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=3|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010743.pub2|pages=CD010743|issn=1469-493X|pmid=25809586|last3=Ahmed|first3=Farooq|last4=Sharif|first4=Mohammad O.|last5=Worthington|first5=Helen V.|access-date=2021-03-26|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804073259/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25809586/|dead-url=no}}</ref> ===糖尿病=== 木糖醇代谢时不需要[[胰岛素]]即可直接进入[[细胞]]，且代谢速度快，只会轻微引起[[血糖]]升高，也沒有[[果糖]]的健康危害，是[[糖尿病]]患者理想的[[蔗糖]]替代品。 ===减肥=== 木糖醇甜度与蔗糖相当，但是[[热量]]较低，且食用木糖醇不会使血液中的中性[[脂肪]]增加，还可以抑制[[甘油]]、[[脂肪酸]]的合成（[[果糖]]會增加血脂），因此具有减肥的功效。 ===肺炎=== 根據[[艾奧瓦大學]]在《[[每日科學]]》雜誌刊登的研究指，木糖醇可以使[[纤维囊肿]]患者的[[呼吸道]]表面黏液层中的盐度下降，有利于患者恢复预防[[肺]]部感染的能力<ref>{{Cite web|title=University Of Iowa Researchers Find That A Simple Sugar May Prevent Lung Infections In CF Patients|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/10/001010071915.htm|accessdate=2021-03-26|work=ScienceDaily|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313191501/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/10/001010071915.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url =http://et.21cn.com/modern/meirong/2003-05-10/1037342.html|title=木糖醇可防止肺部感染|date=2003-05-10|publisher=21CN|dead-url=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050311202622/http://et.21cn.com/modern/meirong/2003-05-10/1037342.html|archivedate=2005-03-11}}</ref>。 ===骨质疏松=== 芬兰科学家发现木糖醇有助于防止小白鼠的[[骨质疏松]]并能增加[[骨]]密度。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Improved bone biomechanical properties in xylitol-fed aged rats|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11782878/|last=Mattila|first=P. T.|last2=Svanberg|first2=M. J.|date=2002-01|journal=Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental|issue=1|doi=10.1053/meta.2002.28105|volume=51|pages=92–96|issn=0026-0495|pmid=11782878|last3=Jämsä|first3=T.|last4=Knuuttila|first4=M. L. E.|access-date=2021-03-26|archive-date=2021-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017121835/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11782878/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>Mattila, PT (1999). Dietary xylitol in the prevention of experimental osteoporosis: Beneficial effects on bone resorption, structure and biomechanics. Dissertation, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu. ([http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn951425158X/ 在线文章] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406080906/http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn951425158X/|date=2005-04-06}})</ref> ====糖类转化==== 木糖醇作为糖醇一类其[[代谢]]机理及其实际代谢过程产生的热量一直存在争议，有部分学者認為绝大多数木糖醇通过[[肝脏]]代谢，其余大部分被[[脑]]及[[心脏]]利用，只有少量参与皮下脂肪代谢。但木糖醇被肝脏吸收之后，50%以上会被进一步转化为[[葡萄糖]]，45%左右被[[氧化]]，其他很少一部分变成[[乳酸]]。<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://news.foodmate.net/2006/12/55897.html|title = 交流：糖醇代谢及其实际生理热量探讨|author = 中国发酵工业协会|date = 2006-12-30|accessdate = 2019-05-06|archivedate = 2019-05-06|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190506095502/http://news.foodmate.net/2006/12/55897.html|dead-url = no}}</ref> ==毒性== ===對人類=== 有证据表示过量摄入木糖醇因其在[[肠道]]内吸收率不到20%，容易在肠壁积累，易造成渗透性[[腹泻]]。<ref name=Wang1981>{{Cite journal|title=Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6821187|last=Wang|first=Y. M.|last2=van Eys|first2=J.|date=1981|journal=Annual Review of Nutrition|doi=10.1146/annurev.nu.01.070181.002253|volume=1|pages=437–475|issn=0199-9885|pmid=6821187|access-date=2021-03-26|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506112839/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6821187/|dead-url=no}}</ref> ===對狗=== 木糖醇對於狗來說具有毒性，每公斤體重攝入超過0.1克可能致死。<ref name=Dunayer_2006_acute>{{Cite journal|title=Acute hepatic failure and coagulopathy associated with xylitol ingestion in eight dogs|url=http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.229.7.1113|last=Dunayer|first=Eric K.|last2=Gwaltney-Brant|first2=Sharon M.|date=2006-10|journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association|issue=7|doi=10.2460/javma.229.7.1113|volume=229|pages=1113–1117|language=en|issn=0003-1488|pmid=17014359|access-date=2021-03-26|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164844/https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.229.7.1113|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=Dunayer_2004>{{cite journal|last=Dunayer|first=Erik K.|title=Hypoglycemia following canine ingestion of xylitol-containing gum|journal=Veterinary and human toxicology|date=April 2004|volume=46|issue=2|pages=87–88|pmid=15080212}}</ref><ref name=Dunayer_2006_new>{{Cite journal|title=Pustular dermatosis caused by fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) stings in a dog|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00555.x|last=Conceição|first=Lissandro G.|last2=Haddad|first2=Vidal|date=2006-12|journal=Veterinary Dermatology|issue=6|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00555.x|volume=17|pages=453–455|language=en|issn=0959-4493|last3=Loures|first3=Fabricia Hallack}}</ref> ===對野鳥=== 在[[南非]][[赫爾馬努斯]]（Hermanus）的一個花園裡，三十隻{{le|開普頓雁|Cape sugarbird}}在30分鐘內飲用木糖醇溶液后死亡。原因疑为木糖醇引發的[[胰島素]]大量釋放，導致血糖不可逆轉的下降<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beta.iol.co.za/scitech/science/environment/xylitol-could-kill-sugarbirds---and-pets-1847533|title=Xylitol could kill sugarbirds - and pets|work=Independent Online|accessdate=12 July 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023432/http://beta.iol.co.za/scitech/science/environment/xylitol-could-kill-sugarbirds---and-pets-1847533|archivedate=2015年11月17日}}</ref>。 == 参见 == {{Portal box|饮食|化学}} * [[甜味剂]] * [[阿斯巴甜]] * [[樺樹液]] * [[L-木酮糖还原酶]] * [[三氯蔗糖]] * [[糖醇]] ==註釋== {{NoteFoot}} ==參考文獻== {{Reflist}} == 外部链接 == * [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=87-99-0&Units=SI NIST] {{Wayback|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=87-99-0&Units=SI |date=20210421223949 }} {{en icon}} * [http://www.315sd.com/news/viewnews.aspx?id=6891 木糖醇也有“副作用”]{{dead link|date=2018年3月|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} {{-}} {{糖醇}} 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