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<span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Argobba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Argobba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable Argobba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Argobba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="عرقوبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عرقوبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argobba_(Volk)" title="Argobba (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Argobba (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_argoba" title="Pueblo argoba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo argoba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argobba_(peuple)" title="Argobba (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Argobba (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argobba" title="Argobba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Argobba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аргоббалар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аргоббалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Аргобба – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аргобба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argobba" title="Argobba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Argobba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argobas" title="Argobas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Argobas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Argobba</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">140,134 (2007 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Argobba_language" title="Argobba language">Argobba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harari_language" title="Harari language">Harari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Amhara_people" title="Amhara people">Amhara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gurage_people" title="Gurage people">Gurage</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harari_people" title="Harari people">Harari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tigrayans" title="Tigrayans">Tigrayans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tigrigni" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigrigni">Tigrinya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zay_people" title="Zay people">Zay</a> • other <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Semitic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Semitic languages">Ethiopian Semitic</a> peoples<sup id="cite_ref-Joireman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joireman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Argobba</b> are an ethnic group inhabiting <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ethiopia" title="Islam in Ethiopia">Muslim</a> community, they are spread out through isolated village networks and towns in the north-eastern and eastern parts of the country. Group members have typically been astute traders and merchants, and have adjusted to the <a href="/wiki/Economic_indicator" title="Economic indicator">economic trends</a> in their area. These factors have led to a decline in usage of the <a href="/wiki/Argobba_language" title="Argobba language">Argobba language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zelealem_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zelealem-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argobba are considered endangered today due to exogamy and destitution as well as ethnic cleansing by the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Abyssinian</a> state over the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harar,_porta_argoba_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Harar%2C_porta_argoba_02.jpg/300px-Harar%2C_porta_argoba_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Harar%2C_porta_argoba_02.jpg/450px-Harar%2C_porta_argoba_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Harar%2C_porta_argoba_02.jpg/600px-Harar%2C_porta_argoba_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Main door of the <a href="/wiki/Argoberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Argoberi">Argoba gate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harar" title="Harar">Harar</a> named in honor of those who fled <a href="/wiki/Ifat_(historical_region)" title="Ifat (historical region)">Ifat</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Girma Demeke, some time after the 9th century AD, the Argobba diverged from their closest relative, the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_people" title="Amhara people">Amharas</a>, probably due to religious differences as the Argobba adopted Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to scholars, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</a>'s army moved south beyond <a href="/wiki/Angot" title="Angot">Angot</a>, encountering a nomadic people named Galab in eastern <a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a>, who are supposedly the precursors to Argobba.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ethnic group would become known as Argobba after their conversion to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in the 10th century. Modern Argobba claim they originate from the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> through Zeila in what is now <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> and before settling in <a href="/wiki/Ifat_(historical_region)" title="Ifat (historical region)">Ifat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argobba have historical links with Harari and Harla people.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argobba people consider the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Doba_(historical_region)" title="Doba (historical region)">Doba</a> their ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a>, the southward shift of the Christian Ethiopian state saw the rise of the political importance of <a href="/wiki/Ifat_(historical_region)" title="Ifat (historical region)">Ifat</a>. Ifat became an economic powerhouse as it sat on the trade routes between <a href="/wiki/Zeila" title="Zeila">Zeila</a> and the interior hinterlands, developing significant ties to the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>. The Argobba are associated with the <a href="/wiki/Walashma_dynasty" title="Walashma dynasty">Walashma dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ifat_(historical_region)" title="Ifat (historical region)">Ifat</a>, which would become the rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ifat" title="Sultanate of Ifat">Sultanate of Ifat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adal_Sultanate" title="Adal Sultanate">Adal Sultanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Harari_language" title="Harari language">Harari</a> tradition numerous Argobba had fled Ifat and settled around Harar in the <a href="/wiki/Adal_(historical_region)" title="Adal (historical region)">Aw Abdal</a> lowlands during their conflict with Abyssinia in the fifteenth century, a gate was thus named after them called the <a href="/wiki/Argoberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Argoberi">gate of Argobba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Argobba and the <a href="/wiki/Harla_people" title="Harla people">Harla people</a> seem to have relied on each other in the Islamic period.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A power struggle erupted between the Abadir dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Harari_people" title="Harari people">Harari</a> and the Walashma dynasty of Argobba throughout the Islamic period until <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Ghazi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi</a> took control of Adal Sultanate by executing the Walashma sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad">Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad</a> in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the wars between the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ifat" title="Sultanate of Ifat">Ifat Sultanate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a>, the region of <a href="/wiki/Ifat_(historical_region)" title="Ifat (historical region)">Ifat</a> was incorporated into Ethiopia having been an integral part of the empire for over a century since early medieval times.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period of incorporation, large sections of the local Argobba population embraced Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to French explorer, Charles-Xavier Rochet d'Héricourt, who had visited the region of <a href="/wiki/Ifat_(historical_region)" title="Ifat (historical region)">Ifat</a>. He stated that in 1517, an invasion from a formidable force suddenly fell upon the eastern provinces of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a>. An army of <a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harari_people" title="Harari people">Hararis</a>, led by a bold and fanatical chief named <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Ghazi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi</a>, entered the province of <a href="/wiki/Ifat_(historical_region)" title="Ifat (historical region)">Ifat-Argobba</a> and had already forced the inhabitants to embrace Islam again.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late sixteenth century, Argobba were involved in several conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Oromo_people" title="Oromo people">Oromo</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Oromo_migrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromo migrations">Oromo migrations</a>, and due to the withdrawal of Adal from Ethiopia, came partially under <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> rule losing land rights.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the nineteenth century, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Yohannes_IV" title="Yohannes IV">Yohannes IV</a> ordered the <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced displacement</a> of Argobba for refusing to convert to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Argobba were <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">forcibly baptized</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a> by <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to expansions from two dominant ethnic groups, many Argobba speak either <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wollo_Province" title="Wollo Province">Wollo Province</a>; however, those who self-identify as originally Argobba are substantial in the region. The last remaining villages of a once larger Argobba-speaking territory are <a href="/wiki/Shonke" title="Shonke">Shonke</a> and Ṭollaḥa.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1902 upon visiting an Argobba inhabited town in the Harari region, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> traveler <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Neumann" title="Oscar Neumann">Oscar Neumann</a> describes the people:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"It is remarkable that, in spite of their proximity to Harar, next to nothing was known of the interesting Argobba people and their old stone buildings. The remains of this probably once powerful nation dwell on the eastern slopes of the Hakim, a mountain ridge situated to the south of Harar. Their houses were built of stone, had high watchtowers in the centre, and were surrounded by strong walls; they are now mostly fallen into decay, and are only partly inhabited. The old ruins overlooking the Erer valley resemble medieval castles, and present a picturesque appearance. Scattered amongst them are the straw huts of the Ala Galla, who form the greater part of the population of today."</p></blockquote> <p>Under the new government of Ethiopia, the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Democratic_Front" title="Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front">Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front</a>, ushered in the early 90s the Argobba obtained regional political power after launching <a href="/wiki/Argoba_Nationality_Democratic_Organization" title="Argoba Nationality Democratic Organization">Argoba Nationality Democratic Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Argobba communities can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Afar_Region" title="Afar Region">Afar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harari_Region" title="Harari Region">Harari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oromia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia Region">Oromia</a> Regions, in and along the <a href="/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley,_Ethiopia" title="Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia">Great Rift Valley</a>. They include Yimlawo, Gusa, <a href="/wiki/Shonke" title="Shonke">Shonke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berehet" title="Berehet">Berehet</a>, Khayr Amba, Melka Jilo, <a href="/wiki/Aliyu_Amba" title="Aliyu Amba">Aliyu Amba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metehara" title="Metehara">Metehara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shewa_Robit" title="Shewa Robit">Shewa Robit</a>, and the surrounding rural villages.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abyssinian religious persecutions forced numerous Argobba to flee Ifat region in the 1800s, and migrate to the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Harar" title="Emirate of Harar">Emirate of Harar</a> however the townsman were unwilling to accommodate them leading to Argobba people settling outside the walled city of <a href="/wiki/Harar" title="Harar">Harar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argobba suffered from stigma in <a href="/wiki/Harar" title="Harar">Harar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harari_people" title="Harari people">Harari</a> children believe that the Argobba are <a href="/wiki/Werehyena" title="Werehyena">were-hyenas</a> and chant at Argobba women as they come to town, "Argobba, Argobba, night-time hyena, day-time human".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urban legends regarding the Argobba exist among the Harari and Oromo in Harar region. It is said by them that the Argobba participate in cannibalism.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Argobba are exclusive adherents to the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> faith.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also widely believed to be the first to accept Islam collectively, in the Horn of Africa and vanguards for early Islamic expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shonke Argobba reportedly forbid their children from attending school due to the possible unislamic influence it might have on them.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Argobba traditionally speak Argobba, an <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Semitic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Semitic languages">Ethiopian Semitic</a> language within the <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic language family</a>. According to Getahun Amare, Argobba is not a dialect of Amharic as previous linguists believed, but a separate language.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argobba language evolved from proto Amharic and Argobba.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other areas, the people have shifted to neighboring languages for economic reasons. At this time there are only a few areas left where the Argobba are not at least bilingual in Amharic, Oromo or <a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zelealem_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zelealem-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Argobba">Notable Argobba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable Argobba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talha_Jafar" title="Talha Jafar">Talha Jafar</a>, nineteenth century rebel of Ifat</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doba_(historical_region)" title="Doba (historical region)">Doba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argobba_special_woreda_(Afar)" title="Argobba special woreda (Afar)">Argobba special woreda</a> in the Afar Regon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argobba_special_woreda_(Amhara)" title="Argobba special woreda (Amhara)">Argobba special woreda</a> in the Amhara Regon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argoba_Nationality_Democratic_Organization" title="Argoba Nationality Democratic Organization">Argoba Nationality Democratic Organization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf">"Census 2007"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305231227/http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf">Archived</a> March 5, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, first draft, Table 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joireman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joireman_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05341-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05341-9"><bdi>978-3-447-05341-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tradition+and+Transformation%3A+The+Argobba+of+Ethiopia&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-447-05341-9&rft.aulast=Kifleyesus&rft.aufirst=Abbebe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DplclkFB9KZwC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed2013" class="citation book cs1">Mohammed, Abdul Kader Saleh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwjX_yVT7AoC&pg=PA174"><i>The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness</i></a>. 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Ethiopian Economic Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99944-54-03-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-99944-54-03-7"><bdi>978-99944-54-03-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Fourth+International+Conference+on+the+Ethiopian+Economy&rft.pub=Ethiopian+Economic+Association&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-99944-54-03-7&rft.aulast=Alemu&rft.aufirst=Getnet&rft.au=Yoseph%2C+Getachew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_DsAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=agj">"Argobba: A language of Ethiopia"</a>, Ethnologue website (accessed 25 May 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHecht1987" class="citation journal cs1">Hecht, E.D. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24328618">"HARAR AND LAMU — A COMPARISON OF TWO EAST AFRICAN MUSLIM SOCIETIES"</a>. <i>Transafrican Journal of History</i>. <b>16</b>. Gideon Were Publications: 18. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24328618">24328618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transafrican+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=HARAR+AND+LAMU+%E2%80%94+A+COMPARISON+OF+TWO+EAST+AFRICAN+MUSLIM+SOCIETIES&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24328618%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hecht&rft.aufirst=E.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24328618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeekes1984" class="citation book cs1">Weekes, Richard V. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-lZIAAAAMAAJ"><i>Muslim Peoples: Acehnese</i></a>. Greenwood Press. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-24639-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-24639-5"><bdi>978-0-313-24639-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Peoples%3A+Acehnese&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-313-24639-5&rft.aulast=Weekes&rft.aufirst=Richard+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-lZIAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeumann1904" class="citation book cs1">Neumann, Oscar (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XTQ6AQAAMAAJ"><i>From the Somali Coast Through Southern Ethiopia to the Sudan</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 776.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Somali+Coast+Through+Southern+Ethiopia+to+the+Sudan&rft.pages=776&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXTQ6AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaim2002" class="citation book cs1">Naim, Abdullah (11 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hg0zCFM0fwkC&q=argobba+muslim&pg=PA71"><i>Islamic Family Law in A Changing World: A Global Resource Book</i></a>. Zed Books. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781842770931" title="Special:BookSources/9781842770931"><bdi>9781842770931</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Family+Law+in+A+Changing+World%3A+A+Global+Resource+Book&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2002-10-11&rft.isbn=9781842770931&rft.aulast=Naim&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHg0zCFM0fwkC%26q%3Dargobba%2Bmuslim%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegashaw" class="citation book cs1">Begashaw, Kassaye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214353/http://portal.svt.ntnu.no/sites/ices16/Proceedings/Volume%201/Kassaye%20Begashaw%20-%20The%20Archaeology%20of%20Islam.pdf"><i>The Archaeology of Islam in North East Shoa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.svt.ntnu.no/sites/ices16/Proceedings/Volume%201/Kassaye%20Begashaw%20-%20The%20Archaeology%20of%20Islam.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Islam+in+North+East+Shoa&rft.pages=15&rft.aulast=Begashaw&rft.aufirst=Kassaye&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.svt.ntnu.no%2Fsites%2Fices16%2FProceedings%2FVolume%25201%2FKassaye%2520Begashaw%2520-%2520The%2520Archaeology%2520of%2520Islam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/10/81/77/108177637604072555094058302787980464885/SILESR2002_026.pdf"><i>Sociolinguistic Survey Report of the Argobba Language of Ethiopia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SIL International. pp. 30–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistic+Survey+Report+of+the+Argobba+Language+of+Ethiopia&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Freapdata%2F10%2F81%2F77%2F108177637604072555094058302787980464885%2FSILESR2002_026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmare2017" class="citation book cs1">Amare, Getahun (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320469840"><i>Argobba and Amharic: Putting a Stop to a Quandary</i></a>. Addis Ababa University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argobba+and+Amharic%3A+Putting+a+Stop+to+a+Quandary&rft.pub=Addis+Ababa+University&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Amare&rft.aufirst=Getahun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F320469840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, Grover. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30028766"><i>Reviewed Work: Ethiopic Documents: Argobba Grammar and Dictionary by Wolf Leslau</i></a>. Trustees of Indiana University. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30028766">30028766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reviewed+Work%3A+Ethiopic+Documents%3A+Argobba+Grammar+and+Dictionary+by+Wolf+Leslau&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Trustees+of+Indiana+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30028766%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Grover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30028766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgobba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aklilu Asfaw, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ethio_0066-2127_2000_num_16_1_973">"A short History of the Argobba", <i>Annales d'Éthiopie</i></a>, <b>16</b> (2000), pp. 173–183.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abebe Kifleyesus, <i>Tradition and Transformation: The Argobba of Ethiopia.</i> Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05341-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05341-9">978-3-447-05341-9</a></li> <li>Richard Wilding, <i>The Arla, the Argobba and Links between the Coast and the Highlands. A Preliminary Archeological Survey.</i> Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Arts, 1975</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" 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groups in Ethiopia">Ethnic groups in Ethiopia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_people" title="Afar people">Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agaw_people" title="Agaw people">Agaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbore_people" title="Arbore people">Arbore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awi_people" title="Awi people">Awi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daasanach_people" title="Daasanach people">Daasanach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danta_people" title="Danta people">Danta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabra_people" title="Gabra people">Gabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedeo_people" title="Gedeo people">Gedeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadiya_people" title="Hadiya people">Hadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irob_people" title="Irob people">Irob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambaata_people" title="Kambaata people">Kambaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konso_people" title="Konso people">Konso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_people" title="Oromo people">Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qemant_people" title="Qemant people">Qemant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saho_people" title="Saho people">Saho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidama_people" title="Sidama people">Sidama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsamai_people" title="Tsamai people">Tsamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyto_(African_caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weyto (African caste)">Weyto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_people" title="Amhara people">Amhara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Argobba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Abraham" title="Beta Abraham">Beta Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falash_Mura" title="Falash Mura">Falash Mura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurage_people" title="Gurage people">Gurage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soddo_Gurage_people" title="Soddo Gurage people">Soddo Gurage people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebo_people" title="Chebo people">Chebo people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harari_people" title="Harari people">Harari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt%27e_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Silt'e people">Silt'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolane_people" title="Wolane people">Wolane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigrayans" title="Tigrayans">Tigrayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werji_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Werji people">Werji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zay_people" title="Zay people">Zay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Omotic_languages" title="Omotic languages">Omotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aari_people" title="Aari people">Aari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna_people" title="Banna people">Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketo_people" title="Basketo people">Basketo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_people" title="Bench people">Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chara_people" title="Chara people">Chara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawro_people" title="Dawro people">Dawro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizi_people" title="Dizi people">Dizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorze_people" title="Dorze people">Dorze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamo_people" title="Gamo people">Gamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofa_people" title="Gofa people">Gofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamar_people" title="Hamar people">Hamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konta_people" title="Konta people">Konta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koore_people" title="Koore people">Koore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maale_people" title="Maale people">Maale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinasha_people" title="Shinasha people">Shinasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welayta_people" title="Welayta people">Wolaitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yem_people" title="Yem people">Yemsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zayse_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zayse people (page does not exist)">Zayse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuak_people" title="Anuak people">Anuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rer_Bare_people" title="Rer Bare people">Bare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berta_people" title="Berta people">Berta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumuz_people" title="Gumuz people">Gumuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichepo_people" title="Kichepo people">Kichepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwama_people" title="Kwama people">Kwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwegu_people" title="Kwegu people">Kwegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majang_people" title="Majang people">Majang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekan_people" title="Mekan people">Mekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murle_people" title="Murle people">Murle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mursi_people" title="Mursi people">Mursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuer_people" title="Nuer people">Nuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyangatom_people" title="Nyangatom people">Nyangatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabo_people" title="Shabo people">Shabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanqella" title="Shanqella">Shanqella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shita_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Shita people">Shita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surma_people" title="Surma people">Surma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirma_people" title="Tirma people">Tirma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ethiopia" title="Armenians in Ethiopia">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ethiopia" title="Chinese people in Ethiopia">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks in Ethiopia">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Ethiopia" title="Italians of Ethiopia">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaicans_in_Ethiopia" title="Jamaicans in Ethiopia">Jamaicans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q648031#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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