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<li class="service-links-printmail last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523140814/http://www.hrw.org/es/printmail/news/2013/01/31/eeuu-prevalece-la-injusticia-en-las-carceles" title="Send to a friend" class="service-links-printmail" rel="nofollow"><img src="/web/20130523140814im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/themes/hrw/images/icons/mail.png" width="21" height="22"/> Email</a></li> </ul></div><div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Materiales relacionados : </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130523140814/http://www.hrw.org/es/world-report/2013/country-chapters/informe-mundial-2013-estados-unidos">Informe Mundial 2013: Estados Unidos</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">14 de Enero de 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-news-link"> <div class="field-label">More Coverage: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523140814/http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/01/31/actualidad/1359655516_441710.html">EL PAÍS: Human Rights Watch denuncia la falta de libertades individuales en América Latina</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <p>Estados Unidos ha demostrado escaso interés en abordar las prácticas abusivas que han contribuido a engrosar la ya inmensa población penitenciaria. Lamentablemente, son los sectores más vulnerables de la sociedad –las minorías raciales y étnicas, los grupos con ingresos bajos, los inmigrantes, los niños y los ancianos –quienes están más expuestos a sufrir injusticias en el sistema de justicia penal.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Maria McFarland, subdirectora del programa sobre Estados Unidos </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Washington, DC) – La gigantesca población carcelaria de <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523140814/http://www.hrw.org/united-states">Estados Unidos</a> refleja en parte el resultado de prácticas sistemáticas severas en las que se imponen sentencias que contravienen lo dispuesto por el derecho internacional, indicó hoy Human Rights Watch en su <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523140814/http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013">Informe Mundial 2013</a>. Entre estas prácticas figuran períodos de encarcelamiento largos y desproporcionados, la imposición de condenas automáticas sin posibilidad de libertad condicional y la penalización de jóvenes delincuentes que son juzgados como si fueran adultos. Estados Unidos es el país con mayor cantidad de personas en prisión en todo el mundo –1,6 millones– y presenta la proporción de encarcelamiento per cápita más elevada.</p> <p>Las investigaciones efectuadas en 2012 por Human Rights Watch determinaron que este porcentaje excesivo de personas en prisión incluye a una cantidad cada vez mayor de ancianos en instituciones carcelarias que no tienen los recursos adecuados para alojarlos, además de aproximadamente 93.000 jóvenes menores de 18 años en centros de detención para adultos y otros 2.200 en prisiones para adultos. Cientos de menores son confinados en celdas de aislamiento. El porcentaje de minorías raciales y étnicas entre la población carcelaria continúa siendo desproporcionado.</p> <p>“Estados Unidos ha demostrado escaso interés en abordar las prácticas abusivas que han contribuido a engrosar la ya inmensa población penitenciaria”, indicó <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523140814/http://www.hrw.org/bios/maria-mcfarland-s-nchez-moreno">Maria McFarland</a>, subdirectora del programa sobre Estados Unidos de Human Rights Watch. “Lamentablemente, son los sectores más vulnerables de la sociedad –las minorías raciales y étnicas, los grupos con ingresos bajos, los inmigrantes, los niños y los ancianos – quienes están más expuestos a sufrir injusticias en el sistema de justicia penal”.</p> <p>En su informe de 665 páginas, Human Rights Watch evaluó los avances en materia de derechos humanos en más de 90 países durante el año pasado, incluido un análisis de las secuelas de la Primavera Árabe. La voluntad de los nuevos gobiernos para que se respeten los derechos determinará si la Primavera Árabe será el origen de democracias genuinas o simplemente propiciará el mismo autoritarismo de siempre bajo una nueva máscara, indicó Human Rights Watch.</p> <p>El capítulo del Informe Mundial sobre Estados Unidos analiza los acontecimientos vinculados con los derechos humanos en el sistema de justicia penal e inmigratoria estadounidense, además de otros temas relacionados con salud, trabajo y los derechos de la mujer, los niños, las personas con discapacidad y la población de lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y personas transgénero. También examinó abusos vinculados con graves irregularidades en las políticas contra el terrorismo implementadas por Estados Unidos.</p> <p>Entre los cambios relevantes para los derechos humanos que se produjeron en Estados Unidos durante el año pasado cabe mencionar:</p> <p>• Connecticut abolió la pena de muerte, y se sumó así a los otros 16 estados, además del Distrito de Columbia, que ya pusieron fin a esta práctica. No obstante, la pena de muerte aún está permitida en 33 estados;</p> <p>• En mayo, el Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos emitió una serie de estándares definitivos en el marco de la Ley para la Eliminación de las Violaciones Sexuales en Prisión (Prison Rape Elimination Act, PREA) con el objeto de detectar, prevenir y sancionar este delito. Los estándares tendrán efectos vinculantes inmediatos para todos los establecimientos del Departamento de Justicia;</p> <p>• En el ejercicio económico 2012, la Oficina de Inmigración y Aduanas (Immigration and Customs Enforcement, ICE) de Estados Unidos deportó a 396.906 extranjeros, una cantidad récord hasta el momento. El drástico incremento en la cantidad de procesos federales por infracciones migratorias, y en el número de inmigrantes que están detenidos, ha propiciado un sistema nacional de detención que cuenta con más de 250 establecimientos;</p> <p>• El ingreso ilegal reincidente a Estados Unidos se ha convertido en el delito federal que ha dado lugar a la mayor cantidad de procesos penales. En 2011, hubo más de 34.000 y 37.000 procesos por ingreso ilegal e ingreso ilegal reincidente a Estados Unidos, respectivamente. Muchas de las personas juzgadas por estos delitos sólo han cometido delitos menores o no tienen antecedentes penales, y mantienen fuertes lazos con Estados Unidos;</p> <p>• En diciembre, el Senado de Estados Unidos no ratificó la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. La Convención recibió el voto favorable de 61 senadores de un total de 100, pero se necesitaban 66 votos para la sanción. Varios senadores se comprometieron a impulsar otra votación para ratificar el tratado a principios de 2013;</p> <p>• En abril, el Departamento de Trabajo dio marcha atrás en una serie de reglamentaciones propuestas en 2011 que habrían actualizado, por primera vez en décadas, la lista de tareas agrícolas peligrosas que están prohibidas para menores de 16 años;</p> <p>• El Congreso no prorrogó la Ley sobre Violencia contra la Mujer (Violence Against Women Act, VAWA), la principal norma federal que brinda protección y servicios legales a víctimas de violencia doméstica y sexual. En muchas jurisdicciones sigue siendo común que no se denuncien las agresiones sexuales o que estas sólo se investiguen superficialmente. Algunos grupos, como los trabajadores inmigrantes que ingresan al país sin autorización para desempeñarse en el sector agrícola, enfrentan obstáculos significativos al intentar obtener justicia;</p> <p>• En junio, la Suprema Corte de Estados Unidos ratificó la Ley para la Atención de la Salud Asequible (Affordable Care Act), que amplía significativamente el acceso a seguro de salud y atención médica de numerosos ciudadanos;</p> <p>• Las infecciones de VIH continuaron afectando de manera desproporcionada a comunidades minoritarias, hombres que mantienen relaciones sexuales con otros hombres y mujeres transgénero. Muchos estados no han protegido a personas con VIH positivo frente a actos de discriminación o no han proporcionado fondos suficientes para la prevención del VIH y la atención de las personas infectadas; y</p> <p>• Por primera vez en la historia, en dos estados y en el Distrito de Columbia se legalizó el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo por consulta popular. No obstante, la legislación federal aún no reconoce a los matrimonios entre parejas del mismo sexo y no ofrece protección frente a actos de discriminación por orientación sexual o identidad de género.</p> <p>Tanto el gobierno de Obama como el Congreso apoyaron leyes y políticas antiterroristas abusivas, como la detención de personas en la prisión de Bahía de Guantánamo sin que se les impute ningún delito, las restricciones al traslado de personas que están detenidas en ese establecimiento y los juicios dentro de un sistema de comisiones militares, que presenta equivocaciones sustanciales.</p> <p>Estados Unidos efectuó ataques aéreos teledirigidos en Pakistán, Somalia, Yemen y otros sitios, y aún no se han esclarecido graves interrogantes sobre la legalidad de estos ataques.</p> <p>El gobierno no ha adoptado medidas para que funcionarios estadounidenses rindan cuentas a la justicia por actos de tortura y otros abusos cometidos en el marco de la denominada “guerra contra el terrorismo”, y una investigación penal impulsada por el Departamento de Justicia sobre posibles abusos contra detenidos concluyó sin que se recomendara la acusación de ningún responsable. La Comisión Especial de Inteligencia del Senado (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence) completó un informe de más de 6.000 páginas donde se describe el programa de entregas extraordinarias, detenciones e interrogatorios de la CIA, pero aún debe gestionar que se desclasifique el informe para que pueda ser difundido al público.</p> <p>“El gobierno de Obama tiene la posibilidad, durante su segundo mandato, de formular junto con el Congreso un plan viable para cerrar Guantánamo y poner fin de una vez y para siempre a prácticas abusivas en la lucha contra el terrorismo”, indicó McFarland. “Si esta oportunidad no se aprovecha, Obama se arriesga a pasar a la historia como el presidente que permitió que la detención por tiempo indefinido sin un juicio se convierta en una característica permanente de la legislación estadounidense”.</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first last"><a 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