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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malankara_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malankara_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Malankara Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malankara_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hierarchy_and_doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hierarchy_and_doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hierarchy and doctrine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hierarchy_and_doctrine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hierarchy and doctrine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hierarchy_and_doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liturgy_and_canonical_hours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgy_and_canonical_hours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Liturgy and canonical hours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgy_and_canonical_hours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Metropolitan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_Malankara_metropolitans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Malankara_metropolitans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>List of Malankara metropolitans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Malankara_metropolitans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholicate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Catholicate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_Catholicos_of_the_East_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Catholicos_of_the_East_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>List of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Catholicos_of_the_East_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1934_church_constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1934_church_constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1934 church constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1934_church_constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malankara_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malankara_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Malankara Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malankara_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Co-trustees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Co-trustees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Co-trustees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Co-trustees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dioceses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dioceses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Dioceses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dioceses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_bishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_bishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Metropolitan bishops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_bishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches_with_historical_importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches_with_historical_importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Churches with historical importance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches_with_historical_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monasteries_and_convents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monasteries_and_convents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Monasteries and convents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Monasteries_and_convents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Monasteries and convents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Monasteries_and_convents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monasteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monasteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Monasteries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monasteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Convents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiritual_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiritual_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spiritual organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiritual_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seminaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seminaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Seminaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seminaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orphanages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orphanages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Orphanages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orphanages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Hospitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Medical College</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Engineering Colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Degree_Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Degree_Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Degree Colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Degree_Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TEACHER_TRAINING_INSTITUTIONS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TEACHER_TRAINING_INSTITUTIONS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TEACHER_TRAINING_INSTITUTIONS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecumenical_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecumenical_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ecumenical relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecumenical_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecumenical relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecumenical_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Order_of_St._Thomas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_St._Thomas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Order of St. Thomas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_St._Thomas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89gll%C3%A9se_malancara_ortodoxe" title="Égllése malancara ortodoxe – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Égllése malancara ortodoxe" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Индийска православна църква – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индийска православна църква" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavn%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev_Indie" title="Pravoslavná církev Indie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pravoslavná církev Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisch-Orthodoxe_Kirche" title="Indisch-Orthodoxe Kirche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indisch-Orthodoxe Kirche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_ortodoxa_de_Malankara" title="Iglesia ortodoxa de Malankara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia ortodoxa de Malankara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Ortodoksa_Eklezio" title="Malankara Ortodoksa Eklezio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malankara Ortodoksa Eklezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_malankare_orthodoxe" title="Église malankare orthodoxe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église malankare orthodoxe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="말랑카라 시리아 정교회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말랑카라 시리아 정교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%BC_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Մալանկարա ուղղափառ ասորական եկեղեցի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալանկարա ուղղափառ ասորական եկեղեցի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="मलंकारा रूढ़िवादी सीरियाई गिरजा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलंकारा रूढ़िवादी सीरियाई गिरजा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijska_pravoslavna_Crkva" title="Indijska pravoslavna Crkva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indijska pravoslavna Crkva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_siriaca_del_Malankara" title="Chiesa ortodossa siriaca del Malankara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa ortodossa siriaca del Malankara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanisa_la_Kisiria_la_Kiorthodoksi_la_Malankara" title="Kanisa la Kisiria la Kiorthodoksi la Malankara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kanisa la Kisiria la Kiorthodoksi la Malankara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Syro-Malankara_Orthodoxa" title="Ecclesia Syro-Malankara Orthodoxa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia Syro-Malankara Orthodoxa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiai_ortodox_egyh%C3%A1z" title="Indiai ortodox egyház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indiai ortodox egyház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD" title="മലങ്കര ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് സുറിയാനി സഭ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലങ്കര ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് സുറിയാനി സഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكنيسة الهنديه الارثوذكسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكنيسة الهنديه الارثوذكسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankaarse_Syrisch-Orthodoxe_Kerk" title="Malankaarse Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kerk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malankaarse Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_malankarisk-ortodoks-syriske_kirke" title="Den malankarisk-ortodoks-syriske kirke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den malankarisk-ortodoks-syriske kirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankarski_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Ortodoksyjny" title="Malankarski Kościół Ortodoksyjny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malankarski Kościół Ortodoksyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_Sir%C3%ADaca_Malankara" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca Malankara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca Malankara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83_din_Malankara" title="Biserica Ortodoxă din Malankara – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biserica Ortodoxă din Malankara" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Маланкарская православная церковь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маланкарская православная церковь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Маланкарска оријентално-православна црква – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маланкарска оријентално-православна црква" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankarska_pravoslavna_sirijska_crkva" title="Malankarska pravoslavna sirijska crkva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malankarska pravoslavna sirijska crkva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="คริสตจักรออร์ทอดอกซ์ซีเรียมลังกระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสตจักรออร์ทอดอกซ์ซีเรียมลังกระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Ortodoks_S%C3%BCryani_Kilisesi" title="Malankara Ortodoks Süryani Kilisesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malankara Ortodoks Süryani Kilisesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Маланкарська православна сирійська церква – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маланкарська православна сирійська церква" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ملنکارا راسخ الاعتقاد سریانی کلیسیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملنکارا راسخ الاعتقاد سریانی کلیسیا" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Indian Orthodox Church" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Indian_Orthodox_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Orthodox churches">Indian Orthodox churches</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern denomination. For the historic church body, see <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church<br /> Indian Orthodox Church</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Devalokam_Aramana,_Kottayam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large, white two-storey building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg/250px-Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg/375px-Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg/500px-Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="620" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">MOSC Catholicate Palace</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Governance</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Episcopal Synod</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Primate</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Nasrani</a> diaspora</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and other Indian regional languages</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Liturgy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Catholicate Palace, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> (according to tradition)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysius of Vattasseril">Dionysius VI</a><sup id="cite_ref-AutoD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dissident_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dissident-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 285">: 285 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gorgias_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorgias-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">AD 52</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Independence</th><td class="infobox-data">1912 (Establishment of Catholicate)<sup id="cite_ref-CNEWA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNEWA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Separated from</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Branched from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Separations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a> (1930)<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 197">: 197 </span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">0.5 million in Kerala<sup id="cite_ref-Population_kerala_pdf_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population_kerala_pdf-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>മലങ്കര സഭ</b><br /> (<b>Malankara Church</b>)<br /><b>Indian Orthodox Church</b><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Oriental Orthodoxy"> a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy"><span style="color:7a2cfe;font-size:14pt">Oriental Orthodoxy</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristCopticArt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ChristCopticArt.png/100px-ChristCopticArt.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/ChristCopticArt.png 1.5x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="263" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#7a2cfe; color:#FFFFFF;"> Oriental Orthodox churches</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Independent churches</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a>: <a href="/wiki/British_Orthodox_Church" title="British Orthodox Church">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a>: <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Autonomous churches</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a>: <a href="/wiki/French_Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="French Coptic Orthodox Church">French Coptic Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">History and theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">History of Oriental Orthodoxy</a>:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_history" title="Coptic history">Coptic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Timeline of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Ecumenical Councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Ephesus" title="Second Council of Ephesus">Ephesus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Ephesus" title="Third Council of Ephesus">Ephesus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Dvin" title="First Council of Dvin">Dvin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Dvin" title="Second Council of Dvin">Dvin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Dvin" title="Third Council of Dvin">Dvin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Dvin" title="Fourth Council of Dvin">Dvin IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Manzikert" title="Council of Manzikert">Manzikert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Capharthutha" title="Council of Capharthutha">Capharthutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Shirakavan" title="Council of Shirakavan">Shirakavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Hromkla" title="Council of Hromkla">Hromkla</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Theology:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Theology">Oriental Orthodox Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Non-Chalcedonian Christianity">Non-Chalcedonian Christianity</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgy and practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li>Anaphora & Rites:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_Saint_Gregory" title="Anaphora of Saint Gregory">Anaphora of Saint Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Cyril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurobo" title="Holy Qurobo">Holy Qurobo</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Calendars:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Armenian_Apostolic_Church)" title="Calendar of saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Bible:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Bible">Coptic Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Bible">Armenian Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Tewahedo Bible">Orthodox Tewahedo Bible</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Cross:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_cross" title="Coptic cross">Coptic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cross" title="Armenian Cross">Armenian Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_cross" title="Saint Thomas Christian cross">St. Thomas Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cross" title="Ethiopian cross">Ethiopian cross</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addai_of_Edessa" title="Addai of Edessa">Mor Addai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abgar_V" title="Abgar V">Abgar V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Saints" title="Nine Saints">Nine Saints of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Armenia" title="Tiridates III of Armenia">Tiridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Awgin" title="Mar Awgin">Mar Awgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezana_of_Axum" title="Ezana of Axum">Ezana of Axum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frumentius" title="Frumentius">Frumentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenoute" title="Shenoute">Shenoute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesrop_Mashtots" title="Mesrop Mashtots">Mesrop Mashtots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_of_Antioch" title="Severus of Antioch">Severus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_(Copt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham (Copt)">Abraham of Farshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yared" title="Yared">Yared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Tanner" title="Simon the Tanner">Simon the Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerses_IV_the_Gracious" title="Nerses IV the Gracious">Nerses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Syrian" title="Michael the Syrian">Michael the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Hebraeus" title="Bar Hebraeus">Bar Hebraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giyorgis_of_Segla" title="Giyorgis of Segla">Giyorgis of Segla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Thoma I">Mar Thoma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorios_Abdal_Jaleel" title="Gregorios Abdal Jaleel">Gregorios Abdal Jaleel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala">Geevarghese Gregorios</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuna" title="Abuna">Abuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_India" title="Catholicos of India">Catholicos of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch"> Patriarch of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maphrian" title="Maphrian">Maphrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Ethiopian ecclesiastical titles">Ethiopian titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Church-Ordinance" title="Apostolic Church-Ordinance">Apostolic Church-Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_monasticism" title="Coptic monasticism">Coptic monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Coptic_saints" title="List of Coptic saints">Coptic saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debtera" title="Debtera">Debtera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonan_Cross_Oath" title="Coonan Cross Oath">Coonan Cross Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_chant" title="Ethiopian chant">Ethiopian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_of_Nineveh" title="Fast of Nineveh">Fast of Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Tewahedo fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timkat" title="Timkat">Timkat</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible 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href="/wiki/Meitei_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Christians">Meitei Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Mizoram" title="History of Christianity in Mizoram">Mizo Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nagaland" title="Christianity in Nagaland">Naga Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Christians" title="Punjabi Christians">Punjabi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Christians">Tamil Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Christians" title="Telugu Christians">Telugu Christians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsa_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception">Saint Alphonsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Saint Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonsalo_Garcia" title="Gonsalo Garcia">Saint Gonsalo Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrasia_Eluvathingal" title="Euphrasia Eluvathingal">Saint Euphrasia Eluvathingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriakose_Elias_Chavara" title="Kuriakose Elias Chavara">Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Saint Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Bl.Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth" title="Mar Sabor and Mar Proth">Mar Sabor and Mar Proth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldho_Mor_Baselios" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldho Mor Baselios">Mar Baselios Eldho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paremmakkal_Thoma_Kathanar" title="Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar">Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Cana" title="Thomas of Cana">Thomas of Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Elias_III" title="Ignatius Elias III">Ignatius Elias III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala_Thirumeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Parumala Thirumeni">Mar Gregorios of Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly">Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Panjikaran" title="Joseph C. Panjikaran">Mar Joseph C. Panjikaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Mar_Athanasius_Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan">Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril">Mar Geevarghese Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Ivanios" title="Geevarghese Ivanios">Mar Geevarghese Ivanios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Malpan" title="Abraham Malpan">Abraham Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Maria_Bernini" title="Giuseppe Maria Bernini">Giuseppe Maria Bernini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Sundar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu Sundar Singh">Sadhu Sundar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palackal_Thoma_Malpan" class="mw-redirect" title="Palackal Thoma Malpan">Palackal Thoma Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Augustine_Kandathil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Augustine Kandathil">Mar Augustine Kandathil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_(missionary)" title="William Carey (missionary)">William Carey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist" style="padding-top:0.3em;"> <p><u><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Saint Thomas Christian denominations</a></b></u><br /> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_India" title="Catholic Church in India">Catholic</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Catholic Church">Latin Catholic</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> </p> <dl><dd><i><b>Independent Oriential Orthodox</b></i><br /></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Oriental Protestant Christian</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical</a> </p><p><u><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_India" title="Protestantism in India">Protestant denominations</a></b></u><br /> <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church">Andhra Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_Jehovah_Shammah" title="Assemblies Jehovah Shammah">Assemblies Jehovah Shammah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Revival_Church" title="Christian Revival Church">Christian Revival Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garo_Baptist_Convention" title="Garo Baptist Convention">Garo Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Brethren" title="Indian Brethren">Indian Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Full_Gospel)_in_India" title="Church of God (Full Gospel) in India">Church of God (Full Gospel)</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Bank_Baptist_Christian_Association" title="North Bank Baptist Christian Association">North Bank Baptist Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church">Northern Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_India" title="Methodist Church in India">Methodist Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Presbyterian Church of India">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_India" title="United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India">United Evangelical Lutheran</a> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India" title="National Council of Churches in India">National Council of Churches in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Conference_of_Indian_Christians" title="All India Conference of Indian Christians">All India Conference of Indian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Catholic_Union" title="All India Catholic Union">All India Catholic Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</b> (<b>MOSC</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the <b>Indian Orthodox Church</b> (<b>IOC</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply as the <b>Malankara Church</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephalous</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNEWA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNEWA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox church</a> headquartered in <a href="#Catholicate">Devalokam</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It serves India's <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christian</a> (also known as <i>Nasrani</i>) population. According to tradition, these communities originated in the missions of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> in the 1st century (circa 52 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-Erwin_Fahlbusch_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erwin_Fahlbusch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It employs the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a>, an Indian form of the <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical rite">liturgical rite</a>. </p><p>The MOSC descends from the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a> and its affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>. However, between 1909 and 1912, a <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox-Jacobite_church_dispute" title="Malankara Orthodox-Jacobite church dispute">schism</a> over the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Antioch_and_All_the_East" title="Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East">Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch</a> resulted in the dissolution of the unified Malankara Church and establishment of the overlapping and conflicting MOSC and <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a> (JSCC).<sup id="cite_ref-Gorgias_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorgias-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1912, the MOSC has maintained a <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">catholicate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan</a> of Malankara Orthodox Church–presently <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a>–who is the primate of the church. </p><p>The MOSC drafted and formally adopted a constitution in 1934, in order to define the relationship it has with the Syriac Orthodox Church and the patriarch, wherein it defined itself a division of the Syriac Orthodox Church with its supreme spiritual leader being the Patriarch of Antioch. However the constitution stipulated that all the spiritual duties of the patriarch in the Malankara Church was entrusted to the Catholicos of the East and reiterated that its administration was the prerogative of the Malankara Metropolitan. The constitution further declared that the positions of the Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan are to be held by the same person from then on, who shall henceforth act as the spiritual and administrative head of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-:ConstitutionMOSC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:ConstitutionMOSC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church asserts <a href="/wiki/Communion_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communion (Christian)">communion</a> with the other Oriental Orthodox churches. However, regular legal and occasional physical confrontations between the MOSC and the Syriac Orthodox JSCC have continued despite multiple efforts to reconcile the churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorgias_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorgias-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FirstPost_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstPost-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dissident_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dissident-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 272">: 272 </span></sup> </p><p>The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church accepts <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">miaphysitism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinkler199733-40_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinkler199733-40-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrock201645–52_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrock201645–52-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which holds that in the one person of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, divinity and humanity are united in one (μία, <i>mia</i>) nature (φύσις – "<a href="/wiki/Physis" title="Physis">physis</a>") without separation, without confusion, without alteration and without mixing<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Christ is <a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">consubstantial</a> with <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>. Around 500 bishops within the Patriarchates of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> refused to accept the <a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">dyophysitism</a> (two natures) doctrine decreed by the 4th ecumenical council, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> in 451,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (July 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church#Dubious" title="Talk:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">discuss</a></i>]</sup> an incident that resulted in the second major split in the main body of the Christian Church (after the <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_schism" title="Nestorian schism">Nestorian schism</a>). While the Oriental Orthodox churches rejected the <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonian definition">Chalcedonian definition</a>, the sees that would later become the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> accepted this council.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Self-reporting roughly 2.5 million members (with external estimates of roughly 1 million)<sup id="cite_ref-MOSCGorgias_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSCGorgias-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> across 32 <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> worldwide, a significant proportion of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church's adherents reside in the southern India state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> with the Malankara communities in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka,South America, Australia and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-MOSCPOP_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSCPOP-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Saint Thomas Christian denominations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malankara%E2%80%93Persia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara–Persia relations">Malankara–Persia relations</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg/420px-Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg/630px-Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg/840px-Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Chronological diagram of Saint Thomas Christian denominations</figcaption></figure> <p>According to tradition, Christianity first arrived in India with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> during the 1st century AD, evolving into <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christianity</a> over several centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While isolated and generally independent in administration, Indian Christians maintained contact with the Christian hierarchies of <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, Persia, and potentially Alexandria.<sup id="cite_ref-newadvent.org_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Saint Thomas Christians had relationships with the Persian <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a> from at least the 6th century onward. The Indians inherited its <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="East Syriac dialect">East Syriac dialect</a> for liturgical use and gradually became Syriac Christians in ritual and doctrine. They received clerical support from Persian bishops, who traveled to <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in merchant ships on the <a href="/wiki/Spice_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Spice route">spice route</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrykenberg200893Wilmshurst2000343_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrykenberg200893Wilmshurst2000343-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For much of this period, Saint Thomas Christians were under the leadership of an <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">archdeacon</a> (a native ecclesiastical head with temporal powers, deriving from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>arkhidiākonos</i>). </p><p>During the 16th century, efforts by the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Padroado" title="Padroado">Padroado</a></i>–an arm of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>–to bring the Saint Thomas Christians under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> and attempts to <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Latinisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Latinisation">Latinize</a> the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a> led to the first of several rifts in the community. These divisions intensified following the 1599 <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a>. Saint Thomas Christians who were opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Padroado" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Padroado">Portuguese Padroado</a> missionaries took the <a href="/wiki/Coonan_Cross_Oath" title="Coonan Cross Oath">Coonan Cross Oath</a> on 3 January 1653.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1956100_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1956100-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaumWinkler2003115-116_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaumWinkler2003115-116-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeill2004316_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeill2004316-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> expulsion of the Portuguese from much of Malabar enabled the reconciliation of some Saint Thomas Christians and the Catholic Church, with this group eventually evolving into the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic Church</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> church that adopted the <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a>'s <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dyophysite_Christology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyophysite Christology">Diophysite christology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malankara_Church">Malankara Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Malankara Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a></div> <p>Many Saint Thomas Christian chose to remain independent from the Catholic Church. Patriarch Gregorios Abdal Jaleel, the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Archbishop_of_Jerusalem" title="Syriac Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem">Syriac Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem</a>, witnessed the 1665 ordination of Thomas as Bishop <a href="/wiki/Thoma_I" title="Thoma I">Thoma I</a>, who forged a renewed relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> of Antioch and Saint Thomas Christians, which laid the foundation for adopting <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syrian liturgy</a> and practices over the next two centuries. Those who supported the indigenous church leader of Malankara, Thoma I, and adopted <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syrian</a> liturgies and practices and <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysite</a> faith evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVadakkekara200784,_86Frykenberg2008361_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVadakkekara200784,_86Frykenberg2008361-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Arthat Padiyola declared that the administration of Malankara Church was independent and the bishops from Rome, Antioch, and Babylon had no role in the Malankara Church hierarchy, despite continued efforts to integrate the remaining independent Saint Thomas Christians into these patriarchates. In 1807, four gospels of Holy Bible in Syriac were translated to Malayalam by Kayamkulam Philipose Ramban. The Malankara Orthodox Theological Seminary in Kottayam was established in 1815 under the leadership of Pulikottil Ittup Ramban (Mar Dionysius II). The Mavelikara Synod (Padiyola) led by Cheppad Mar Dionysius rejected the suggestions put forward by Anglican missioneries and Reformation group and declared the beliefs and theology of Malankara Church were same as the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril">Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril</a>, who became the Malankara metropolitan bishop in 1908, played a significant role with the other clerical and lay leaders of Malankara in re-establishing the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East</a> in India in 1912. In 1909 the relations with the Syrian Orthodox Church soured, when Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Abded_Aloho_II" title="Ignatius Abded Aloho II">Ignatius Abded Aloho II</a> who arrived in India, began demanding registered deeds granting the patriarch temporal authority over the church. Dionysius rejected the request and thus emerged two factions in the church. The faction that supported the Patriarch came to be called as "Bava Kakshi" (Patriarch Faction) and the faction that supported the Malankara Metropolitan came to be known as "Methran Kakshi" (Metropolitan Faction).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church wanted to retain its <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephaly</a>, and appealed to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch">Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch</a> <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Abdul_Masih_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignatius Abdul Masih II">Ignatius Abdul Masih II</a>. He enthroned Murimattathil Paulose Ivanios as Baselios Paulose I, <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East" title="Catholicos of the East">Catholicos of the East</a>, on the apostolic throne of St. Thomas at St. Mary's Church in <a href="/wiki/Niranam" title="Niranam">Niranam</a> on 15 September 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, The Malankara Church adopted a constitution for smooth functioning of the church, parishes and institution. In 1947, Saint Gregorios of Parumala was declared as a saint by the Church. In 1952 the Official Residence of the Malankara Metropolitan and the Headquarters of Malankara Church was shifted to Devalokam from Pazhaya Seminary. In 1958, The Supreme Court declared Catholicos Baselios Geevarghese II as the legitimate Malankara Metropolitan. The two factions of the Malankara Orthodox Church rejoined. In 1964, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch participated in the enthronement ceremony of the Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan, Baselios Augen I. In 1995, the Supreme Court of India declared the MOSC constitution adopted in 1934 was valid.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, fresh elections were conducted in Malankara Association under the observation of Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court declared Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews II">Baselios Marthoma Mathews II</a> is the official and legitimate Malankara Metropolitan and also declared that this decision cannot be disputed in any platform. In 2003, Vattasheril <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysius VI">Dionysius VI</a> was declared as a saint. In 2012, the centennial of the establishment of the church and Catholicate were celebrated with history classes and church publications.<sup id="cite_ref-TOICentennial_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOICentennial-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 July 2017, a major verdict by the Supreme Court of India declared the MOSC legally applicable to all parishes in disputed possession between the MOSC and <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hierarchy_and_doctrine">Hierarchy and doctrine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hierarchy and doctrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg/272px-Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="411" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg/408px-Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg/543px-Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4325" data-file-height="6541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a> Present Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan</figcaption></figure> <p>The spiritual head of the church is the Catholicos of the East, and its temporal head is the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>. Since 1934, both titles have been vested in one person; the official title of the head of the church is "The Catholicos of the Apostolic Throne of Saint Thomas and The Malankara Metropolitan". Baselios Marthoma Mathews III was enthroned as the Malankara Metropolitan and the Catholicos of the East. He is the eighth <a href="/wiki/Catholicose_of_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicose of the East">Catholicose of the East</a> in Malankara and the 21st <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a>, including the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, accept only the first three <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">ecumenical councils</a>: the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a>. The church, like all other Oriental Orthodox Churches, uses the original <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without the <a href="/wiki/Filioque_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Filioque clause">filioque clause</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>, it primarily uses the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">liturgy of Saint James</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and other Indian languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgy_and_canonical_hours">Liturgy and canonical hours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liturgy and canonical hours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Eucharist celebration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg/220px-Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg/330px-Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg/440px-Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption>Eucharist celebration of the church.</figcaption></figure> <p>The church has used the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a>, since the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite Church">Jacobite Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a> also belong to the same liturgical family. In the first half of the fifth century, the Antiochene church adopted the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a>. In the 4th and 5th centuries, The liturgical language of fourth- and fifth-century Jerusalem and Antioch was Greek, and the original liturgy was composed in Greek. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> in 451, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Church">Eastern Church</a> was divided in two; one group accepted the council, and the other opposed it. Both groups continued to use the Greek version of the Saint James liturgy. The <a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Byzantine emperor Justin</a> (518–527) expelled the opponents from Antioch, and they took refuge in the Syriac-speaking <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> on the Roman–Persian border (modern eastern Syria, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and southeastern Turkey). The Antiochene liturgical rites were gradually translated into Syriac, and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_sacral_music" title="Syriac sacral music">Syriac hymns</a> were introduced. </p><p>Gregorios Abdal Jaleel came to Malankara from Jerusalem in 1665 and introduced Syriac Orthodox liturgical rites. The most striking characteristic of the Antiochene liturgy is its large number of <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">anaphoras</a> (celebrations of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>). About eighty are known, and about a dozen are used in India. All have been composed following the Liturgy of Saint James.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christians of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church pray the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">fixed prayer times</a> seven times a day.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurian2020_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurian2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Addai_and_Mari" title="Liturgy of Addai and Mari">liturgy of Mor Addai</a> is still in use, in anaphora form, similar to the Maronite Sharar. The <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">anaphora of St. John Chrysostom</a> is sometimes used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saints">Saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Category:Saint Thomas Christians">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em; background:lavender; padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasrani_cross.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Thomas Christian cross"><img alt="Saint Thomas Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nasrani_cross.jpg/175px-Nasrani_cross.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nasrani_cross.jpg/263px-Nasrani_cross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nasrani_cross.jpg/350px-Nasrani_cross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="1473" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background-color: lavender;"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Cana" title="Thomas of Cana">Thomas of Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth" title="Mar Sabor and Mar Proth">Mar Sabor and Mar Proth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharisapalli_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tharisapalli plates">Tharisapalli plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonan_Cross_Oath" title="Coonan Cross Oath">Coonan Cross Oath</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background-color: lavender;"> Religion</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_cross" title="Saint Thomas Christian cross">Crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_churches_of_Kerala" title="Syrian churches of Kerala">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_music" title="Saint Thomas Christian music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background-color: lavender;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="List of Saint Thomas Christians">Prominent persons</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Malpan" title="Abraham Malpan">Abraham Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjilimoottil_Itty_Thommen_Kathanar" title="Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen Kathanar">Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen Kathanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paremmakkal_Thoma_Kathanar" title="Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar">Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam_Philipose_Ramban" title="Kayamkulam Philipose Ramban">Kayamkulam Philipose Ramban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kuriakose_Elias_Chavara" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara">Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly">Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Thoma I">Mar Thoma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsa_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception">Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Kochoonju_Upadesi" title="Sadhu Kochoonju Upadesi">Sadhu Kochoonju Upadesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariattil_Iousep" title="Kariattil Iousep">Kariattil Iousep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril">Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala">Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Ivanios" title="Geevarghese Ivanios">Geevarghese Ivanios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrasia_Eluvathingal" title="Euphrasia Eluvathingal">Euphrasia Eluvathingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_of_Villarvattom" title="Thoma of Villarvattom">Thoma of Villarvattom</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background-color: lavender;"> Culture</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margamkali" title="Margamkali">Margamkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parichamuttukali" title="Parichamuttukali">Parichamuttukali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kerala#Cuisine_of_the_St._Thomas_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Kerala">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriyani_Malayalam" title="Suriyani Malayalam">Suriyani Malayalam</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Template:Saint Thomas Christians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Template talk:Saint Thomas Christians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saint Thomas Christians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In conformity with other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox churches</a>, and also with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church adheres to the tradition of seeking the <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercession of saints</a>. Several have been <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonized</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Gregorios_of_Parumala" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala">Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala</a>: Entombed in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Parumala" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala</a>, and canonized by Geevarghese II in 1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Yeldo" title="Baselios Yeldo">Baselios Yeldo</a>: Entombed in <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Church,_Kothamangalam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thomas Church, Kothamangalam">St. Thomas Church, Kothamangalam</a>, and canonised by Geevarghese II in 1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril">Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril</a>: Entombed in the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Theological_Seminary,_Kottayam" title="Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam">Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam</a>, and canonized by Mathews II in 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Francisco_Xavier_Alvares" title="Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares">Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares</a>: Entombed in St. Mary's Orthodox Church, Ribandar, and declared a regional saint by Paulose II in 2015. (Not officially canonized a saint)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr._Roque_Zephrin_Noronah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fr. Roque Zephrin Noronah (page does not exist)">Fr. Roque Zephrin Noronah</a>: Entombed in St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Brahmavar, and declared a regional saint by Paulose II in 2015 (Not officially canonized a saint)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala"><img alt="Painted icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg/232px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 135px"><div class="gallerytext">Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril"><img alt="Another icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg/242px-Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 142px"><div class="gallerytext">Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juliusthirumeni.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares"><img alt="Another icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Juliusthirumeni.jpg/274px-Juliusthirumeni.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Juliusthirumeni.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 163px"><div class="gallerytext">Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan">Metropolitan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Metropolitan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The temporal, ecclesiastical and spiritual administration of the church is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>, subject to the church constitution which was adopted in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malankara Metropolitan is president of the Malankara Syrian Christian Association (Malankara Association) and its managing committee, and trustee of community properties. He is the custodian of the Pazhaya Seminary and other common properties of Malankara Syrian Community. He is also the custodian of vattipanam interest which was deposited in Travancore Government by Marthoma VII. He is elected by the Malankara association. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_Malankara_metropolitans">List of Malankara metropolitans</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: List of Malankara metropolitans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_I" title="Thoma I">Thoma I</a> (1653–1670)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_II" title="Thoma II">Thoma II</a> (1670–1686)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_III" title="Thoma III">Thoma III</a> (1686–1688)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_IV" title="Thoma IV">Thoma IV</a> (1688–1728)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_V" title="Thoma V">Thoma V</a> (1728–1765)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I,_Metropolitan_of_Malankara" title="Dionysius I, Metropolitan of Malankara">Thoma VI</a> (1765–1808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_VII" title="Thoma VII">Thoma VII</a> (1808–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_VIII" title="Thoma VIII">Thoma VIII</a> (1809–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_IX" title="Thoma IX">Thoma IX</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulikkottil_Dionysius_II" title="Pulikkottil Dionysius II">Dionysius II</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punnathra_Dionysius_III" title="Punnathra Dionysius III">Dionysius III</a> (1817–1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_IV_of_Cheppad" title="Dionysius IV of Cheppad">Dionysius IV</a> (1825–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Athanasius" title="Mathews Athanasius">Mathews Athanasius</a> (1852–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysious_V" title="Dionysious V">Dionysius V</a> (1865–1909)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril">Dionysius VI</a> (1909–1934)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_II" title="Baselios Geevarghese II">Geevarghese II</a> (1934–1964)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>From 1934 Malankara Metropolitan also holds the office of <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East" title="Catholicos of the East">Catholicos of the East</a> of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Augen_I" title="Baselios Augen I">Augen I</a> (1964–1975), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews I">Mathews I</a> (1975–1991), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews II">Mathews II</a> (1991–2005),<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Didymos_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Didymos I">Didymos I</a> (2005–2010), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulose_II_(Indian_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church)">Paulose II</a> (2010–2021), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Mathews III</a> (15 October 2021 – present), also Catholicos of the East<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholicate">Catholicate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Catholicate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Catholicos" means "the general head", and can be considered equivalent to "universal bishop."<sup id="cite_ref-Catholicate_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholicate-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early church had three priestly ranks: <i>episcopos</i> (bishop), priest and deacon. By the end of the third century, bishops of important cities in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> became known as metropolitans. The fourth-century ecumenical councils recognized the authority of the metropolitan. By the fifth century, the bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria and Antioch gained control of the churches in surrounding cities.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They gradually became the heads of the regional churches, and were known as patriarchs (common father). </p><p>Outside the Roman Empire, patriarchs were known as catholicos. There were four catholicates before the fifth century: the Catholicate of the East, the Catholicate of Armenia, the Catholicate of Georgia and the Catholicate of Albania. The archdeacons reigned from the fourth to the 16th centuries; in 1653, the archdeacon was elevated to bishop by the community as Mar Thoma I. </p><p>The Catholicate of the East was relocated to India in 1912, and <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Paulose_I" title="Baselios Paulose I">Baselios Paulose I</a> was seated on the apostolic throne of St. Thomas as the Catholicos of the East by the disposed Patriarch of Antioch Abdul Masih. The headquarters of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church and the Catholicos of the East is the Catholicate Palace at Devalokam, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, which was consecrated on 31 December 1951. The new palace, built in 1961, was dedicated by visiting Armenian Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_I" title="Vazgen I">Vazgen I</a>. </p><p>The Holy Synod and Managing committee designated H.G.Dr. Mathews Mor Severios to the new Malankara Metropolitan and Catholicos of Malankara Church succeeding Baselios Marthoma Paulose II. He was consecrated as the 22nd Malankara Metropolitan during the Malankara Association that took place on 14 October 2021 at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala and enthroned as the 9th Catholicos of Malankara Church on 15 October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">Relics</a> of St. Thomas are kept in the catholicate chapel, and <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_II" title="Baselios Geevarghese II">Geevarghese II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Augen_I" title="Baselios Augen I">Augen I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews I">Mathews I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paulose_II_(Indian_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church)">Paulose II</a> are interred there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_Catholicos_of_the_East_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church">List of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list of <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East" title="Catholicos of the East">Catholicos of the East</a> of Malankara Church: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Paulose_I" title="Baselios Paulose I">Baselios Paulose I</a> (1912–1914) <ul><li>Vacant (1914–1925)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_I" title="Baselios Geevarghese I">Baselios Geevarghese I</a> (1925–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_II" title="Baselios Geevarghese II">Baselios Geevarghese II</a> (1929–1964) <ul><li>From 1934 Catholicos is also holding the office of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Augen_I" title="Baselios Augen I">Baselios Augen I</a> (1964–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews I">Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I</a> (1975–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews II">Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II</a> (1991–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Didymos_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Didymos I">Baselios Mar Thoma Didymos I</a> (2005–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Paulose_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Paulose II">Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews III</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the 17th century, the church was administered by the archdeacon (Malankara Moopan).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elected archdeacon was in charge of day-to-day affairs, including the ordination of deacons to the priesthood. Ordinations were performed by Persian bishops visiting India. The Malankara Palliyogam (a forerunner of the Malankara Association) consisted of elected representatives from individual parishes. The isolation of the Malankara church from the rest of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> preserved the apostolic age's democratic nature through interactions with Portuguese (Roman Catholic) and British (Anglican) colonialists. From the 17th to the 20th centuries, the church had five pillars of administration: </p> <ul><li>The Episcopal Synod, presided over by the Catholicos of the East</li> <li>The Malankara Association, presided by <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a></li> <li>Three trustees: the Malankara metropolitan and <a href="/wiki/Priest_Trustee" title="Priest Trustee">priest</a> and lay trustees</li> <li>The Malankara Association's managing and working committees<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1934_church_constitution">1934 church constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1934 church constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Envisioned by Dionysius VI, the church's general and day-to-day administration was codified in its 1934 constitution. The constitution<sup id="cite_ref-mosc_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosc-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was presented at the 26 December 1934 Malankara Christian Association meeting at M. D. Seminary,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adopted and enacted. It has been amended three times. Although the constitution was challenged in court by dissident supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a> rulings in 1958, 1995, 2017 and 2018 upheld its validity.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution's first article asserts the relationship between the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> and the Malankara Church. The second article addresses the establishment of the Malankara Church by St. Thomas and ascribes primacy to the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a>. The third article regards the church's name. The fourth article describes the faith and its traditions. The fifth article examines church governance <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malankara_Association">Malankara Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Malankara Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The elected Malankara Association, consisting of parish members, manages the church's religious and social concerns. Formerly the Malankara Palli-yogam (മലങ്കര പള്ളി യോഗം; Malankara Parish Assembly, its modern form is believed to have been founded in 1873 as the Mulanthuruthy Synod, a gathering of parish representatives in <a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a>. In 1876, the Malankara Association began.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The church constitution outlines the association's powers and responsibilities. The <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan</a> is the president, and the diocesan <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan bishops</a> are vice-presidents. All positions are elected. Each parish is represented in the association by an elected priest and laypeople, proportional to parish-membership size. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Co-trustees">Co-trustees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Co-trustees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of co-trustees (<a href="/wiki/Priest_Trustee" title="Priest Trustee">priest trustee</a> & lay trustee) elected by the Malankara Association of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church:<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 10%; color: #000000;">Year of Election </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Clergy Trustee </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Duration </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Lay Trustee </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Duration </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1869 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Punnathra Chacko Chandapilla Kathanar </td> <td style="text-align: center;">21 Oct 1869 – 13 Sep 1886 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Kulangara Ittychan Pailey </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12 Oct 1869 – ? </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1886 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Konat Kora Yohannan Kathanar </td> <td style="text-align: center;">13 Sep 1886 – 9 Mar 1890 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Kunnumpurath Kora Ulahannan, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">13 Sep 1886 & <br />31 Mar 1892 – 24 Feb 1901 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1892 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Konat Kora Mathan Malpan </td> <td style="text-align: center;">31 Mar 1892 & <br />23 Nov 1895 – 7 Sep 1911 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1901 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">C. J. Kurien (Kunnumpurath Ulahannan Kora), Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">25 Apr 1901 – 7 Sep 1911 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1911 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Palappalil Mani Paulose Kathanar Pampakuda </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7 Sep 1911 – 21 Dec 1955 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Chirakadavil Kora Kochu Korula, Kottayam (d. 1931) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">07 Sep 1911 – 31 May 1931 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1931 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">E. I Joseph, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10 Jul 1931 – 15 Jul 1946 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1958 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Manalil Jacob Kathanar </td> <td style="text-align: center;">26 Dec 1958 – 28 Dec 1965 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ooppoottil Kurian Abraham, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">26 Dec 1958 – 12 Dec 1978 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1965 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Thengumthottathil T. S. Abraham Cor Episcopa </td> <td style="text-align: center;">28 Dec 1965 – 28 Dec 1982 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1980 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Padinjarekkara P. C. Abraham, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 May 1980 – 21 Mar 2007 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1982 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Konat Abraham Malpan </td> <td style="text-align: center;">28 Dec 1982 – 3 Mar 1987 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1987 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Mathai Nooranal </td> <td style="text-align: center;">29 Dec 1987 – 29 Nov 2002 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2004 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Dr. O. Thomas </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10 Jun 2004 – 21 Mar 2007 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2007 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Johns Abraham Konat </td> <td style="text-align: center;">21 Mar 2007 – 7 Mar 2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">M.G. George Muthoot </td> <td style="text-align: center;">21 Mar 2007 – 7 Mar 2012 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Johns Abraham Konat </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7 Mar 2012 – 1 Mar 2017 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">M.G. George Muthoot </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7 Mar 2012 – 1 Mar 2017 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2017 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Dr. M.O. John </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 Mar 2017 – 4 Aug 2022 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">George Paul (d. 2019) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 Mar 2017 – 26 Nov 2019 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2022 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Dr. Thomas Varghese Amayil </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4 Aug 2022 – present </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ronny Varghese Abraham </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4 Aug 2022 – present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dioceses">Dioceses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dioceses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Dioceses<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thiruvananthapuram Orthodox Diocese">Thiruvananthapuram Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kollam Orthodox Diocese">Kollam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara_Punaloor_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottarakkara Punaloor Orthodox Diocese">Kottarakkara Punaloor Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor_Kadampanad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Adoor Kadampanad Orthodox Diocese">Adoor Kadampanad Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumpamon_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thumpamon Orthodox Diocese">Thumpamon Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakal_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Nilakal Orthodox Diocese">Nilakal Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Mavelikara Orthodox Diocese">Mavelikara Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Chengannur Orthodox Diocese">Chengannur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranam_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Niranam Orthodox Diocese">Niranam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Central_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Central Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Idukki Orthodox Diocese">Idukki Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandanad_West_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad West Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandanad_East_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad East Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad East Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kochi Orthodox Diocese">Kochi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Angamaly Malankara Orthodox Diocese">Angamaly Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thrissur Orthodox Diocese">Thrissur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kunnamkulam Orthodox Diocese">Kunnamkulam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar Diocese">Malabar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulthan_Bathery_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Sulthan Bathery Orthodox Diocese">Sulthan Bathery Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavar_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Brahmavar Orthodox Diocese">Brahmavar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bangalore Orthodox Diocese">Bangalore Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Madras Orthodox Diocese">Madras Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Bombay Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Ahmedabad Orthodox Diocese">Ahmedabad Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Delhi Orthodox Diocese">Delhi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Calcutta Orthodox Diocese">Calcutta Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">UK, Europe and Africa Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Northeast_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America">Northeast America Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Southwest_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America">Southwest America Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Canada" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada">Canada Diocese</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Asia_Pacific" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific Diocese</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_bishops">Metropolitan bishops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Metropolitan bishops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The church's episcopal synod has the following diocesan bishops:<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a> Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan.<a href="/wiki/Kandanad_West_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bangalore Orthodox Diocese">Bangalore Diocese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Central_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Asia_Pacific" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific Diocese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Canada" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada">Canada Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mar_Athanasius_(Malankara_bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mar Athanasius (Malankara bishop)">Thomas Athanasius</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kandanad_East_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad East Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad East Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Meletius" title="Yuhanon Meletius">Yuhanon Meletius</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thrissur Orthodox Diocese">Thrissur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriakose_Clemis" title="Kuriakose Clemis">Kuriakose Clemis</a> Valiya Metropolita<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – Retired</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Coorilose" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Coorilose">Geevarghese Coorilose</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Bombay Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Nicholovos" title="Zachariah Nicholovos">Zachariah Nicholovos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Northeast_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America">Northeast America Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Canada" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada">Canada Diocese</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakob_Irenios" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakob Irenios">Yakob Irenios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kochi Orthodox Diocese">Kochi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gregorios" title="Gabriel Gregorios">Gabriel Gregorios</a> -Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thiruvananthapuram Orthodox Diocese">Trivandrum Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Chrysostamos" title="Yuhanon Chrysostamos">Yuhanon Chrysostamos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Niranam_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Niranam Orthodox Diocese">Niranam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Policarpos" title="Yuhanon Policarpos">Yuhanon Policarpos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Angamaly_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Angamaly Malankara Orthodox Diocese">Ankamali Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Theodosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Theodosius">Mathews Theodosius</a> - On Leave</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dionysius" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Dionysius">Joseph Dionysius</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kollam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kollam Orthodox Diocese">Kollam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ephiphanios" title="Abraham Ephiphanios">Abraham Ephiphanios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Mavelikara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Mavelikara Orthodox Diocese">Mavelikara Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Thimothios" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Thimothios">Mathews Thimothios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Chengannur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Chengannur Orthodox Diocese">Chengannur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Eusebios" title="Alexios Eusebios">Alexios Eusebios</a> - Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Calcutta Orthodox Diocese">Calcutta Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanon_Dioscoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuhanon Dioscoros (page does not exist)">Yuhanon Dioscoros</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Central_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Central</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Asia_Pacific" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific Diocese</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youhanon_Demetrios" title="Youhanon Demetrios">Youhanon Demetrios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Delhi Orthodox Diocese">Delhi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Thevodoros" title="Yuhanon Thevodoros">Yuhanon Thevodoros</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara_Punalur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottarakkara Punalur Orthodox Diocese">Kottarakara–Punalur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakob_Elias" title="Yakob Elias">Yakob Elias</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Brahmavar_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Brahmavar Orthodox Diocese">Brahmavar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Nicodemos" title="Joshua Nicodemos">Joshua Nicodemos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Nilakal_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Nilakal Orthodox Diocese">Nilackal Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Aprem" title="Zacharias Aprem">Zacharias Aprem</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Adoor_Kadampanad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Adoor Kadampanad Orthodox Diocese">Adoor–Kadampanadu Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Yulios" title="Geevarghese Yulios">Geevarghese Yulios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kunnamkulam Orthodox Diocese">Kunnamkulam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Seraphim" title="Abraham Seraphim">Abraham Seraphim</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Thumpamon_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thumpamon Orthodox Diocese">Thumbamon Diocese</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Stephanos" title="Abraham Stephanos">Abraham Stephanos</a>-Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">UK, Europe, Africa Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ivanios" title="Thomas Ivanios">Thomas Ivanios</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Southwest_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America">Southwest America Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Theophilos" title="Geevarghese Theophilos">Geevarghese Theophilos</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Ahmedabad Orthodox Diocese">Ahmedabad Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Bombay Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Philexinos" title="Geevarghese Philexinos">Geevarghese Philexinos</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Madras_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Madras Orthodox Diocese">Madras Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bangalore Orthodox Diocese">Bangalore Diocese</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Pachomios" title="Geevarghese Pachomios">Geevarghese Pachomios</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar Orthodox Diocese">Malabar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Barnabas" title="Geevarghese Barnabas">Geevarghese Barnabas</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Sulthan_Bathery_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Sulthan Bathery Orthodox Diocese">Sulthan Bathery Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zachariah_Severios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zachariah Severios (page does not exist)">Zachariah Severios</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Idukki_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Idukki Orthodox Diocese">Idukki Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kandanad_West_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad West Diocese</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches_with_historical_importance">Churches with historical importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Churches with historical importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parumala_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Parumala_Church.jpg/200px-Parumala_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Parumala_Church.jpg/300px-Parumala_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Parumala_Church.jpg/400px-Parumala_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3098" data-file-height="2065" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Parumala" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg/200px-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg/300px-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg/400px-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Niranam" title="St. Mary's Church, Niranam">St. Mary's Church, Niranam</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arappally02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Arappally02.jpg/200px-Arappally02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Arappally02.jpg/300px-Arappally02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Arappally02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="235" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Thiruvithamcode" title="St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode">St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chengannur_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chengannur_2.JPG/200px-Chengannur_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chengannur_2.JPG/300px-Chengannur_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chengannur_2.JPG/400px-Chengannur_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Old_Syrian_Church,_Chengannur" title="Old Syrian Church, Chengannur">Old Syrian Church, Chengannur</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vettickal_Dayara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vettickal_Dayara.jpg/200px-Vettickal_Dayara.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vettickal_Dayara.jpg/300px-Vettickal_Dayara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vettickal_Dayara.jpg/400px-Vettickal_Dayara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2367" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St.Thomas_Dayara,_Vettikkal" class="mw-redirect" title="St.Thomas Dayara, Vettikkal">St.Thomas Dayara, Vettikkal</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg/200px-St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg/300px-St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg/400px-St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St_George_Orthodox_Koonan_Kurishu_Old_Syrian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church">St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg/200px-StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg/300px-StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg/400px-StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Puthuppally" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Puthuppally">St. George Orthodox Church, Puthuppally</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg/200px-Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg/300px-Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg/400px-Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8672" data-file-height="5784" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Chandanapally" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Church, Chandanapally">St. George's Church, Chandanapally</a></div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Parumala" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Chandanapally" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Chandanapally">St. George's Church, Chandanapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Arthat" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Arthat">St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Arthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Thiruvithamcode" title="St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode">St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode</a>, established by Apostle Saint Thomas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Niranam" title="St. Mary's Church, Niranam">St. Mary's Church, Niranam</a>, established by Apostle Saint Thomas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%E2%80%99s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Puthencavu" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu">St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Beshanania_Orthodox_Church,_Vanchithra,_Kozhencherry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mar Beshanania Orthodox Church, Vanchithra, Kozhencherry (page does not exist)">Mar Beshanania Orthodox Church, Vanchithra, Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Pazhanji" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji">St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Kottayam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Church, Kottayam">St. Mary's Church, Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallada" title="Kallada">Kallada</a><a href="/wiki/Valiyapally" title="Valiyapally">Valiyapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundara" title="Kundara">Kundara</a><a href="/wiki/Valiyapally" title="Valiyapally">Valiyapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Orthodox_Syrian_Cathedral,_Mulanthuruthy" title="St. Thomas Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Mulanthuruthy">St. Thomas Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Mulanthuruthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumpamon_Valiya_Pally" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumpamon Valiya Pally">Thumpamon Valiya Pally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bazar_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bazar Church">Ambalam Pally, Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevalakkara" title="Thevalakkara">Thevalakkara</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthikappally" title="Karthikappally">Kottakkakathu Old Syrian Church, Karthikappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Puthuppally" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Puthuppally">Puthuppally Pally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Kandanad" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Kandanad">St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Kandanad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George_Orthodox_Valiyapally,_Mylapra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George Orthodox Valiyapally, Mylapra (page does not exist)">St. George Orthodox Valiyapally, Mylapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Kadampanad" title="St. Thomas Orthodox Cathedral, Kadampanad">St. Thomas Orthodox Cathedral, Kadampanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Kolenchery" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Kolenchery">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Cheppad" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Cheppad">St. George Orthodox Church, Cheppad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Syrian_Cathedral,_Piravom" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Piravom">St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Piravom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Kadamattom" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Church, Kadamattom">St. George's Church, Kadamattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Orthodox_Church,_Kallooppara" title="St Mary's Orthodox Church, Kallooppara">St Mary's Orthodox Church, Kallooppara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Chandanapally" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Church, Chandanapally">St. George's Church, Chandanapally</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Mary%E2%80%99s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Puthiyacavu_Mavelikara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthiyacavu Mavelikara (page does not exist)">St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthiyacavu Mavelikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Syrian_Church,_Chengannur" title="Old Syrian Church, Chengannur">Old Syrian Church, Chengannur</a></li> <li>St. Stephen's Orthodox Cathedral, Kudassanad</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadeesa_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Kayamkulam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadeesa Orthodox Cathedral, Kayamkulam (page does not exist)">Kadeesa Orthodox Cathedral, Kayamkulam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monasteries_and_convents">Monasteries and convents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Monasteries and convents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monasteries">Monasteries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Monasteries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Thomas,_Vettikkal" title="Monastery of Saint Thomas, Vettikkal">Monastery of Saint Thomas, Vettikkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor_Monastery,_Pathanapuram" title="Mount Tabor Monastery, Pathanapuram">Mount Tabor Monastery, Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bethany_Ashram" title="The Bethany Ashram">The Bethany Ashram</a>,Perunad</li> <li>Bethlehem Ashram, Chengamanad, Kottarakara</li> <li>St. George Dayara, Othera</li> <li>St. Paul’s Ashram, Puthuppady, Kozhikode</li> <li>St. Basil Dayara, Pathanamthitta</li> <li>Holy Trinity Ashram, Angady, Ranni</li> <li>Mar Kuriakose Ashram, Kumbazha North</li> <li>Mar Baselius Dayara, Njaliakuzhy, Vakathanam</li> <li>Mount Carmel Ashram, Mathilakom, East Kallada</li> <li>Mount Horeb Ashram, Muthupilakad</li> <li>MGD Ashram and Balabhavan, Karunagiri, Karukachal</li> <li>Christa Sishya Ashram, Thadagom , Coimbatore (T.N.)</li> <li>Mar Gregorios Bethel Ashram, Kuttikonam, Kunnicode</li> <li>St. George Mount Ashram, Chayalode</li> <li>St. Thomas Ashram, Nellipathy, Agali P.O., Palakkad</li> <li>St. Thomas Karunya Vishranthi Bhavan, Trivandrum</li> <li>St. Thomas Karunya Ashram, Trivandrum</li> <li>St. Thomas Karunya MAS, SAF, SHF, Trivandrum</li> <li>Mount Calvary Ashram, Pattazhy, Kottarakara</li> <li>St. George Ashram, Kulamudi, Mylom, Kottarakara</li> <li>Mount Tabore Ashram, Mathuramala, Pattazhi</li> <li>Mar Augen Ashram, Piramadom (S), Pampakkuda</li> <li>St. Gregorios Mount Ashram, Kottarakara</li> <li>St. Thomas Ashram, Sooranad, Kollam</li> <li>St. Basil Dayara, Pathanamthitta</li> <li>Bethany Ashram,Kunnamkulam</li> <li>Bethany Ashram,kuzhimattom</li> <li>St Anthony's Ashram,Thannithodu</li> <li>St Thomas Ashram,Bhilai</li> <li>Gregorian Community,Roha</li> <li>St Anthony's Ashram,Mallapally</li> <li>Mount Olive Ashram,Idukki</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Convents">Convents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Convents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bethany Convent, Ranni – Perunad</li> <li>Mount Tabore Convent, Pathanapuram</li> <li>St. Mary Magdalene Convent, Adupputty, Kunnamkulam</li> <li>Bethlehem Convent, Kizhakkambalam, Alwaye</li> <li>Nazareth Convent, Kadampanad South</li> <li>Basalel Convent, Sooranad , Kollam</li> <li>St. Mary’s Convent, Kozhimala, Vallamkulam</li> <li>St. Mary’s Asha Bavan, Kozhimala, Vallamkulam</li> <li>St. Paul’s Convent and Balikabhavan,</li></ul> <p>Puthuppady, Kozhikode </p> <ul><li>Mount Carmel Convent, East Kallada, Kollam</li> <li>Gethsemon Convent, Adichanalloor, Kollam</li> <li>Holy Cross Convent, Sreekariyam – Trivandrum</li> <li>St. Mary’s Convent, Thumpamon</li> <li>St. Gregorios Convent, Kalanthode, NITC,Kozhikode</li> <li>Gregorian Community</li> <li>St Thomas Convent,Bhilai</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spiritual_organizations">Spiritual organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Spiritual organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The church has a number of spiritual organizations: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Orthodox Syrian Sunday School Association of the East (OSSAE)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Orthodox Christian Youth Movement (OCYM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Gregorios_Orthodox_Christian_Student_Movement" title="Mar Gregorios Orthodox Christian Student Movement">Mar Gregorios Orthodox Christian Student Movement</a> (MGOCSM)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Divyabodhanam (Theological Education Programme for the Laity)</li> <li>St. Paul's & St.Thomas Suvishesha Sangam (National Association for Mission Studies)</li> <li>Orthodox Sabha Gayaka Sangham</li> <li>Malankara Orthodox Baskiyoma Association</li> <li>Servants of the Cross</li> <li>Akhila Malankara Prayer Group Association</li> <li>Akhila Malankara Orthodox Shusrushaka Sangham (AMOSS)</li> <li>Mission Board and Mission Society</li> <li>Ministry of Human Empowerment</li> <li>Akhila Malankara Balasamajam</li> <li>St. Thomas Orthodox Vaidika Sanghom</li> <li>Marth Mariam Vanitha Samajam (women's wing)</li> <li>Sruti School of Liturgical Music</li> <li>Ecological Commission</li> <li>Ardra Charitable Trust<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seminaries">Seminaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Seminaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two seminaries which offers bachelor's and master's degrees in theology are <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Theological_Seminary,_Kottayam" title="Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam">Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Orthodox_Theological_Seminary,_Nagpur" title="St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary, Nagpur">St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary, Nagpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malankara Orthodox Seminary at Kottayam is the first Orthodox Seminary in Asia established in year 1815. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orphanages">Orphanages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Orphanages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prathyasa, Prasanthi, Pretheesha, Meempara</li> <li>Baselios Marthoma Didymus I Balika Bhavan, Pothukal,Nilambur</li> <li>Zachariah Mar Dionysius Memorial Bala Bhavan, Thengali.</li> <li>St. Mary’s Boys’ Home, Thalacode, Mulanthuruthy</li> <li>St. Paul’s Bala Bhavan, Puthuppady, Kozhikode</li> <li>Mar Baselius Children’s Home, Mannapra, Palakkad</li> <li>Mar Baselius Children’s Home, Vadavucode</li> <li>St. Thomas Children’s Home, Bhilai, (C.G.)</li> <li>St. Thomas Mission Centre, Haripad</li> <li>M.G.D. Asram & Balabhavan, Karunagiri, Karukachal</li> <li>St. Gregorios Balagram, Nirmalagiri, Yacharam, A.P.</li> <li>M.G.M. Abhaya Bhavan, Pothenpuram, Pampady</li> <li>Holy Trinity Disabled Children’s Home,Alathara, Sreekariyam,TVM</li> <li>Mar Greogorios Asram & Children’s Home,Kandanad, Mulamthuruthy</li> <li>Mar Greogorios Rehabilitation Centre, Kodunganoor,TVM</li> <li>M.G. Bethel Karuna Centre, Karassery, Thathankulam P.O. (T.N.)</li> <li>St. Mary’s Balikamandiram, Kizhakambalam, Alwaye</li> <li>Basalel Girls’ Home, Sooranad</li> <li>St. George Balikagram, St. Thomas Nagar, Mamurdy,Pune</li> <li>Joseph Mar Pachomios Memorial Pratheeksha Bhavan,Koothattukulam</li> <li>Mar Baselius Santhi Bhavan, Thalavoor, Kottarakkara</li> <li>Bethanya Bhavan, Tiruvalla</li> <li>NAMS Snehasadan,Vodarahalli.</li> <li>Mar Baselius Gregorios Mercy Home, Mannadisala, Vechoochira, Ranni</li> <li>St. Thomas Balabhavan, Nellipathy, Agali , Palakkad</li> <li>Karunya Visranthi Bhavan, Kattela, Sreekaryam, Tvm.</li> <li>Sr. Macreena Santhi Bhavan, Baselios Convent, Kottarakkara</li> <li>Cheppad Mar Dionysius Foundation Oldage Home, Cheppad</li> <li>St. Paul’s Balagram, P.B. 45, Raisalpur, Itarsi</li> <li>BMM II Sneha Bhavan, Kizhakketheruvu, Kottarakara</li> <li>Vattasseril Mar Dionysius Home, Madavoor, Muvattupuzha</li> <li>St. Gregorios Balika Bhavan, Panamthop, Kunnathoor, Kollam</li> <li>St. Gregorios Balabhavan, Thadagom, Coimbatore</li> <li>BMM II Balabhavan, Chengamanadu, Kottarakara</li> <li>Karunyanilayam, Belavadi ,Mysore</li> <li>Kottukulam Visranthi Bhavan, Kuzhimattom</li> <li>Mar Athanasius Memorial Prathyasa Bhavan, Kuzhimattom</li> <li>Pulikottil Mar Dionysius Bhavan, Kottappady</li> <li>Mar Baselius Augen I Memorial Prathyasa Bhavan,Piramadom</li> <li>Mar Baselius Paulose I Memorial Prasanthi Bhavan,</li> <li>Kadayirippu Asha Bhavan, Kozhimala, Thiruvalla.</li> <li>Bethel Convent & Sneha Bhavan, Ambalam ,Tirunelvely</li> <li>Prerana Nikethan, St. Thomas OTS, Nagpur</li> <li>St. Gregorios Daya Bhavan, No. 69, Bhaktharahalli ,Tumkur</li> <li>St. Gregorios Special School, Mount Olive,</li></ul> <p>Kottakkunnu, S. Battery </p> <ul><li>St. Gregorios Mission Centre, Sreevaikuntam ,</li></ul> <p>Thoothukkudy, (T.N.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Hospitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>St. Gregorios Mission Hospital,Parumala</li> <li>St. Mary’s Hospital, Eraviperoor</li> <li>Malankara Medical Mission Hospital,</li></ul> <p>Kolencherry </p> <ul><li>Paret Mar Ivanios Hospital, Puthuppally, Kottayam</li> <li>MGDM Hospital, Devagiri, Kangazha</li> <li>M.D. Cheriapally Hospital, Kottayam</li> <li>Mar Theodosius Memorial Bethany Hospital,Ranni – Perunad</li> <li>Mar Theodosius Medical Mission Hospital,Poruvazhy,Kollam</li> <li>St. George’s Hospital, Puthuppady, Kozhikode</li> <li>Joseph Mar Pachomios Medical Centre, Piravom</li> <li>Idukki Orthodox Medical Centre, Nettithozhu, Kumily</li> <li>Malankara Medical Mission Hospital,</li></ul> <p>Kunnamkulam </p> <ul><li>Kurisupally General Eye Clinic, Puthenangady, Kottayam</li> <li>Bishop Walsh Medical Memorial Hospital,Coimbatore</li> <li>Madras Medical Mission, Chennai</li> <li>BPM Mission Hospital, Uditnarayanpur,Kalahandi</li> <li>M.G. Asram Medical Aid Clinic, Mulamthuruthy</li> <li>Malankara Medical Mission Eye Hospital,Kariampady</li> <li>Mount Tabore Medical Mission Hospital,Pudukottai Dt. (T.N.)</li> <li>St. Thomas Mission Hospital, Attappady; Agali, Palakkad</li> <li>BGM Trust Hospital, Kundara, Kollam</li> <li>St. Mary’s Hospital, Pothanikad, Muvattupuzha</li> <li>St. Paul’s Dispensary, Panimunda, Orissa</li> <li>St. Mary’s Medical Centre, Aya Nagar, New Delhi</li> <li>St. Thomas Charitable Dispensary, Kolkatta</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_College">Medical College</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Medical College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Malankara Medical Mission Hospital,</li></ul> <p>Kolencherry </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineering_Colleges">Engineering Colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Engineering Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mar Baselios Christian College of Engineering & Technology, Kuttikkanam, Peermade</li> <li>Baselios Mathews II College of Engineering,Sasthamcotta</li> <li>Christian College of Engineering and Technology,Bhilai</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Degree_Colleges">Degree Colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Degree Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta</li> <li>Baselius College, Kottayam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_College,_Sulthan_Bathery" title="St Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery">St Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery</a></li> <li>St. Gregorios College, Kottarakara</li> <li>St. Stephen’s College, Maloor, Pathanapuram</li> <li>Baselios Mathews II B.Ed College, Adoor</li> <li>Kuriakose Gregorios College, Pampady</li> <li>Mar Dionysius College, Pazhanji</li> <li>St. Cyril’s College, Adoor</li> <li>Mount Tabore Training College, Pathanapuram</li> <li>BMM II Training College, Kottarakkara</li> <li>St. Thomas College, Bhilai</li> <li>M. G. M. Junior College, Bhilai</li> <li>Theophilos College of Nursing, Kangazha</li> <li>SG College of Nursing, Parumala</li> <li>SG College of Social Science, Parumala</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TEACHER_TRAINING_INSTITUTIONS">TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>MSSTTI Thazhakara,Alapuzha</li> <li>RMTTI Vadavucode,Ernakulam</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecumenical_relations">Ecumenical relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ecumenical relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The church was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholicos Geevarghese II and other metropolitan participated in the 1937 Conference on Faith and Order in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>; a church delegation participated in the 1948 WCC meeting in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> in 1948, and the church played a role in the 1961 WCC conference in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Paulos_Gregorios" title="Paulos Gregorios">Paulos Gregorios</a> was president of the WCC from 1983 to 1991. </p><p>The church participated in the 1965 Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Order_Commission" title="Faith and Order Commission">Faith and Order Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Conference_of_Asia" title="Christian Conference of Asia">Christian Conference of Asia</a> and the Global Christian Forum. A number of primates of sister churches have visited, including <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Justinian_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Justinian of Romania">Patriarch Justinian of Romania</a> in February 1957 and in January 1969; <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians">Catholicos of All Armenians</a> <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_I" title="Vazgen I">Vazgen I</a> in December 1963; Armenian Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Yeghishe_Derderian_of_Jerusalem" title="Yeghishe Derderian of Jerusalem">Derderian</a> of Jerusalem in December 1972; <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Pimen_I_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow">Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow</a> in January 1977; <a href="/wiki/Catholicos-Patriarch_of_All_Georgia" title="Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia">Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Ilia_II_of_Georgia" title="Ilia II of Georgia">Ilia II</a> in September 1982; Archbishop of Canterbury <a href="/wiki/Robert_Runcie" title="Robert Runcie">Robert Runcie</a> in 1986, Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Teoctist_Ar%C4%83pa%C8%99u" title="Teoctist Arăpașu">Teoctist Arăpașu</a> of Romania in 1989; <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a> <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I</a> in November 2000; Metropolitan (later Patriarch) <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Kirill</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> in December 2006; <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians">Catholicos of All Armenians</a> <a href="/wiki/Karekin_II" title="Karekin II">Karekin II</a> in November 2008, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Abunas_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Abunas of Ethiopia">Patriarch of Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Abune_Paulos" title="Abune Paulos">Abune Paulos</a> in December 2008; the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia</a> <a href="/wiki/Aram_I" title="Aram I">Aram I Keshishian</a> in February 2010, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Abunas_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Abunas of Ethiopia">Patriarch of Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Abune_Mathias" title="Abune Mathias">Abune Mathias</a> in November 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_St._Thomas">Order of St. Thomas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Order of St. Thomas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Thomas_(award)" title="Order of St. Thomas (award)">Order of St. Thomas</a>, the church's highest award is presented to heads of state and churches by the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan</a>. Recipients include <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I of Constantinople</a>, Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians <a href="/wiki/Karekin_II" title="Karekin II">Karekin II</a>, Patriarch of Ethiopia <a href="/wiki/Abune_Paulos" title="Abune Paulos">Abune Paulos</a>, Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia <a href="/wiki/Aram_I" title="Aram I">Aram I</a>, and Patriarch of Ethiopia <a href="/wiki/Abune_Mathias" title="Abune Mathias">Abune Mathias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li 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href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AutoD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AutoD_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smiocbristol.org/vattasseril-thirumeni">"St. Vattasseril Geevarghese Mar Dionysios"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pilning" title="Pilning">Pilning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>: St. Mary's Indian Orthodox<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Vattasseril+Geevarghese+Mar+Dionysios&rft.place=Pilning%2C+Bristol&rft.pub=St.+Mary%27s+Indian+Orthodox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmiocbristol.org%2Fvattasseril-thirumeni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dissident-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dissident_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dissident_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttwater,_Donald1937" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Attwater" title="Donald Attwater">Attwater, Donald</a> (1937). <i>The Dissident Eastern Churches</i>. <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>: Bruce Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dissident+Eastern+Churches&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.pub=Bruce+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1937&rft.au=Attwater%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorgias-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gorgias_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorgias_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorgias_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock,_Sebastian_P.2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Brock" title="Sebastian Brock">Brock, Sebastian P.</a> (2018). "Thomas Christians". In Mardutho, Beth (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians"><i>Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Gorgias_Press" title="Gorgias Press">Gorgias Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thomas+Christians&rft.btitle=Gorgias+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+the+Syriac+Heritage%3A+Electronic+Edition&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Brock%2C+Sebastian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgedsh.bethmardutho.org%2FThomas-Christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNEWA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNEWA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNEWA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnewa.org/eastern-christian-churches/oriental-orthodox-churches/the-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church/">"The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Near_East_Welfare_Association" title="Catholic Near East Welfare Association">Catholic Near East Welfare Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.pub=Catholic+Near+East+Welfare+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnewa.org%2Feastern-christian-churches%2Foriental-orthodox-churches%2Fthe-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CEC_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttwater,_Donald1935" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Attwater" title="Donald Attwater">Attwater, Donald</a> (1935). "The Malankarese". <i>The Catholic Eastern Churches</i> (1937 revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>: Bruce Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Malankarese&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Eastern+Churches&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.edition=1937+revised&rft.pub=Bruce+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Attwater%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population_kerala_pdf-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Population_kerala_pdf_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZachariah2016" class="citation web cs1">Zachariah, K.C. (April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611195258/http://14.139.171.199:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/87/WP468.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"Religious denominations of Kerala"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kerala: Centre for Development Studies (CDS). Working paper 468. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://14.139.171.199:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/87/WP468.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+denominations+of+Kerala&rft.place=Kerala&rft.pub=Centre+for+Development+Studies+%28CDS%29&rft.date=2016-04&rft.aulast=Zachariah&rft.aufirst=K.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F14.139.171.199%3A8080%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F87%2FWP468.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Arthur_Russell2010" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Arthur Russell (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FmMarHDbglgC&pg=PT40"><i>Comparative Christianity: A Student's Guide to a Religion and Its Diverse Traditions</i></a>. Universal-Publishers. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59942-877-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59942-877-2"><bdi>978-1-59942-877-2</bdi></a>. <q>The Malankara Orthodox Church of India(also called by a variety of names, such as the Malankara Church). It is located in Kerala, India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Christianity%3A+A+Student%27s+Guide+to+a+Religion+and+Its+Diverse+Traditions&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Universal-Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59942-877-2&rft.au=Thomas+Arthur+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFmMarHDbglgC%26pg%3DPT40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neamericandiocese.org/index.aspx">"Home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Northeast_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America">Northeast American Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Northeast+American+Diocese+of+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neamericandiocese.org%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnAnthony_McGuckin2010" class="citation book cs1">John; Anthony McGuckin (November 2010). <i>The Encyclopedia Of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, 2 Volume Set</i>. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwells. p. 878. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9254-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9254-8"><bdi>978-1-4443-9254-8</bdi></a>. <q>The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, also known as <b>Indian Orthodox Church</b> also <b>Malankara Church</b>, is one of the major and oldest churches in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Of+Eastern+Orthodox+Christianity%2C+2+Volume+Set&rft.place=West+Sussex&rft.pages=878&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwells&rft.date=2010-11&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9254-8&rft.au=John&rft.au=Anthony+McGuckin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucian_N._Leustean2010" class="citation book cs1">Lucian N. Leustean (2010). <i>Eastern Christianity and the Cold War, 1945–91</i>. New York: Routeledge Taylor & Francis Group. p. 317. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-86594-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-86594-1"><bdi>978-0-203-86594-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Christianity+and+the+Cold+War%2C+1945%E2%80%9391&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Routeledge+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-203-86594-1&rft.au=Lucian+N.+Leustean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahlbuschLochmanMbitiPelikan2010" class="citation book cs1">Fahlbusch; Lochman; Mbiti; Pelikan (November 2010). <i>The Encyclopedia Of Christianity, Volume 5 S-Z</i>. Gittingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck&Rupercht. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-2417-2</bdi></a>. <q>The autocephalous Malankara Orthodox Church is governed by Holy Episcopal Synod of 24 Bishops presided over by His Holiness Moran Mar Baselios Mar Thoma Didimos Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Of+Christianity%2C+Volume+5+S-Z&rft.place=Gittingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck%26Rupercht&rft.date=2010-11&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2417-2&rft.au=Fahlbusch&rft.au=Lochman&rft.au=Mbiti&rft.au=Pelikan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erwin_Fahlbusch-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Erwin_Fahlbusch_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC&q=Muziris"><i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5</i></a> by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing – 2008. p. 285. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2">978-0-8028-2417-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:ConstitutionMOSC-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:ConstitutionMOSC_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" class="citation book cs1">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/moscconstitutionenglish"><i>The Constitution of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church in English</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church+in+English&rft.au=Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoscconstitutionenglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FirstPost-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FirstPost_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFP_Staff2019" class="citation web cs1">FP Staff (27 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/malankara-church-row-all-you-need-to-know-about-century-old-dispute-behind-high-drama-between-jacobite-orthodox-factions-in-kerala-7414211.html">"Malankara church row: All you need to know about century-old dispute between Jacobite, Orthodox factions in Kerala"</a>. <i>FirstPost</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FirstPost&rft.atitle=Malankara+church+row%3A+All+you+need+to+know+about+century-old+dispute+between+Jacobite%2C+Orthodox+factions+in+Kerala&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.au=FP+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Fmalankara-church-row-all-you-need-to-know-about-century-old-dispute-behind-high-drama-between-jacobite-orthodox-factions-in-kerala-7414211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinkler199733-40-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinkler199733-40_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWinkler1997">Winkler 1997</a>, p. 33-40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrock201645–52-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrock201645–52_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrock2016">Brock 2016</a>, p. 45–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity</i> by Ken Parry 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4443-3361-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4443-3361-5">1-4443-3361-5</a> page 88 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&dq=Miaphysitism&pg=PA88">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07218b.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon"</a>. Newadvent.org. 1 June 1910<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Henoticon&rft.pub=Newadvent.org&rft.date=1910-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07218b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOSCGorgias-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOSCGorgias_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarghese2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Baby_Varghese" title="Baby Varghese">Varghese, Baby</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malankara-Orthodox-Syrian-Church">"Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"</a>. In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). <i>Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gorgias_Press" title="Gorgias Press">Gorgias Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.btitle=Gorgias+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+the+Syriac+Heritage%3A+Electronic+Edition&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Varghese&rft.aufirst=Baby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgedsh.bethmardutho.org%2FMalankara-Orthodox-Syrian-Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOSCPOP-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOSCPOP_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mosc.in/the_church/the-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church">"The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"</a>. Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.pub=Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmosc.in%2Fthe_church%2Fthe-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaby_Varghese2010" class="citation journal cs1">Baby Varghese (2010). "Renewal in the Malankara Orthodox Church, India". <i>Studies in World Christianity</i>. <b>16</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">226–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fswc.2010.0102">10.3366/swc.2010.0102</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-9901">1354-9901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+World+Christianity&rft.atitle=Renewal+in+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Church%2C+India&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E226-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fswc.2010.0102&rft.issn=1354-9901&rft.au=Baby+Varghese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"St. Thomas Christians". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14678a.htm#X"><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125064004/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14678a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/New_Advent" title="New Advent">New Advent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+Christians&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14678a.htm%23X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock" class="citation journal cs1">Brock, Sebastian P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians">"Thomas Christians"</a>. <i>eGEDSH</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eGEDSH&rft.atitle=Thomas+Christians&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Sebastian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgedsh.bethmardutho.org%2FThomas-Christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrykenberg200893Wilmshurst2000343-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrykenberg200893Wilmshurst2000343_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrykenberg2008">Frykenberg 2008</a>, p. 93; <a href="#CITEREFWilmshurst2000">Wilmshurst 2000</a>, p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1956100-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1956100_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1956">Brown 1956</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaumWinkler2003115-116-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaumWinkler2003115-116_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaumWinkler2003">Baum & Winkler 2003</a>, p. 115-116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeill2004316-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeill2004316_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeill2004">Neill 2004</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVadakkekara200784,_86Frykenberg2008361-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVadakkekara200784,_86Frykenberg2008361_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVadakkekara2007">Vadakkekara 2007</a>, pp. 84, 86; <a href="#CITEREFFrykenberg2008">Frykenberg 2008</a>, p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Synod of Diamper." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 23 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the Acts and Decrees of the Synod cf. Michael Geddes, "A Short History of the Church of Malabar Together with the Synod of Diamper &c." London, 1694;Repr. in George Menachery, Ed., Indian Church History Classics, Vol.1, Ollur 1998, pp.33-112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thekkedath, History of Christianity in India"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene Cardinal Tisserant, "Eastern Christianity in India"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/feud-began-19th-century-what-happened-jacobite-orthodox-locked-horns-96295">"A feud that began in 19th century: What happened before Jacobite-Orthodox locked horns"</a>. 6 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+feud+that+began+in+19th+century%3A+What+happened+before+Jacobite-Orthodox+locked+horns&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Ffeud-began-19th-century-what-happened-jacobite-orthodox-locked-horns-96295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/1599-today-tracing-kerala-s-jacobite-vs-orthodox-church-battle-66476">"From 1599 to today: Tracing Kerala's Jacobite vs Orthodox church battle"</a>. 8 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+1599+to+today%3A+Tracing+Kerala%27s+Jacobite+vs+Orthodox+church+battle&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2F1599-today-tracing-kerala-s-jacobite-vs-orthodox-church-battle-66476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100127171538/http://niranamchurch.com/">"About the church"</a>. Niranam St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niranamchurch.com/">the original</a> on 27 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indianorthodoxireland.ie&rft.atitle=Liturgy+Holy+Qurbana+St.+Thomas+Indian+Orthodox+Church&rft.date=2016-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianorthodoxireland.ie%2Fcatholicate%2Fliturgy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=242">"Malankara Orthodox Church – Holy Qurbana"</a>. Malankaraorthodoxchurch.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430041054/http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=242">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malankara+Orthodox+Church+%E2%80%93+Holy+Qurbana&rft.pub=Malankaraorthodoxchurch.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalankaraorthodoxchurch.in%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D16%26Itemid%3D242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kurian2020-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kurian2020_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurian" class="citation web cs1">Kurian, Jake. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ds-wa.org/seven-times-a-day-i-praise-you-the-sheema-prayers.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Seven Times a Day I Praise You" – The Shehimo Prayers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Southwest_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America">Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Seven+Times+a+Day+I+Praise+You%22+%E2%80%93+The+Shehimo+Prayers&rft.pub=Diocese+of+South-West+America+of+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.aulast=Kurian&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ds-wa.org%2Fseven-times-a-day-i-praise-you-the-sheema-prayers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilipAlexander2018" class="citation book cs1">Philip, Dr. Ajesh T.; Alexander, George (May 2018). <i>The Mission Untold</i>. Western Rites of Syriac-Malankara Orthodox Churches. Vol. I. India: OCP Publications, Alappuzha. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-387-80316-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-387-80316-3"><bdi>978-1-387-80316-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mission+Untold&rft.place=India&rft.series=Western+Rites+of+Syriac-Malankara+Orthodox+Churches&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=OCP+Publications%2C+Alappuzha&rft.date=2018-05&rft.isbn=978-1-387-80316-3&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Ajesh+T.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilipAlexander2018" class="citation book cs1">Philip, Dr. Ajesh T.; Alexander, George (May 2018). <i>The Mission Untold</i>. Western Rites of Syriac-Malankara Orthodox Churches. Vol. I. India: OCP Publications, Alappuzha. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-387-80316-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-387-80316-3"><bdi>978-1-387-80316-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mission+Untold&rft.place=India&rft.series=Western+Rites+of+Syriac-Malankara+Orthodox+Churches&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=OCP+Publications%2C+Alappuzha&rft.date=2018-05&rft.isbn=978-1-387-80316-3&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Ajesh+T.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502165529/http://www.ovsonline.in/1934-constitution-malankara-orthodox-church/">"1934 constitution of The Malankara Church (മലങ്കരസഭ ഭരണഘടന)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ovsonline.in/1934-constitution-malankara-orthodox-church/">the original</a> on 2 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1934+constitution+of+The+Malankara+Church+%28%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ovsonline.in%2F1934-constitution-malankara-orthodox-church%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224140528/http://koonankurishu.net/koonan-kurishu-old-syrian-church/koonan-kurishu-sathyam/amp/">"Coonan Cross Oath History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koonankurishu.net/koonan-kurishu-old-syrian-church/koonan-kurishu-sathyam/amp/">the original</a> on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coonan+Cross+Oath+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoonankurishu.net%2Fkoonan-kurishu-old-syrian-church%2Fkoonan-kurishu-sathyam%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1883692/">"Royal Court Verdict declared Pulikottil Joseph Dionysius as the rightful Malankara Metropolitan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Court+Verdict+declared+Pulikottil+Joseph+Dionysius+as+the+rightful+Malankara+Metropolitan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiankanoon.org%2Fdoc%2F1883692%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiankanoon.org/doc/107194354/?type=print/">"In 1929, Travancore High Court declared Dionysius of Vattasseril will remain as the Malankara Metropolitan (Vattipanam Suit)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+1929%2C+Travancore+High+Court+declared+Dionysius+of+Vattasseril+will+remain+as+the+Malankara+Metropolitan+%28Vattipanam+Suit%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiankanoon.org%2Fdoc%2F107194354%2F%3Ftype%3Dprint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiankanoon.org/doc/107194354/?type=print/">"In 1958, Supreme Court of India declared Baselios Geevarghese II is the rightful Malankara Metropolitan (Samudayam Suit)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+1958%2C+Supreme+Court+of+India+declared+Baselios+Geevarghese+II+is+the+rightful+Malankara+Metropolitan+%28Samudayam+Suit%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiankanoon.org%2Fdoc%2F107194354%2F%3Ftype%3Dprint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malankaraorthodox.tv/?p=60636">"Supreme Court Order July 12, 2002 declared Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II is the unquestionable Malankara Metropolitan of the Malankara Church"</a>.</cite><span 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Metropolitan of Canada Diocese (Kalpana No. MOSC/CMM/270/2024)"</a>. neamericandiocese.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orthodox+Theological+Seminary+Kottayam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ots.edu.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stots.in/">"St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary {STOTS), Nagpur"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Thomas+Orthodox+Theological+Seminary+%7BSTOTS%29%2C+Nagpur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstots.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wcca5/page/230/mode/2up?q=list">"World council of churches, Amsterdam 1948"</a>. <i>archive.org</i>. 1948. p. 230.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=World+council+of+churches%2C+Amsterdam+1948&rft.pages=230&rft.date=1948&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwcca5%2Fpage%2F230%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dlist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theorthodoxchurch.info/aacp/resolutions/addis-ababa-conference/">"Addis Ababa Conference"</a>. <i>theorthodoxchurch.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theorthodoxchurch.info&rft.atitle=Addis+Ababa+Conference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theorthodoxchurch.info%2Faacp%2Fresolutions%2Faddis-ababa-conference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malankaraorthodox.tv/?p=62396">"Recipients of the order of St. Thomas"</a>. <i>Malankaraorthodox.tv</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malankaraorthodox.tv&rft.atitle=Recipients+of+the+order+of+St.+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalankaraorthodox.tv%2F%3Fp%3D62396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumWinkler2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Baum_(historian)" title="Wilhelm Baum (historian)">Baum, Wilhelm</a>; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnSCAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Church of the East: A Concise History</i></a>. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134430192" title="Special:BookSources/9781134430192"><bdi>9781134430192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Church+of+the+East%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.place=London-New+York&rft.pub=Routledge-Curzon&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781134430192&rft.aulast=Baum&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Dietmar+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCnSCAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_P._Brock" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian P. Brock">Brock, Sebastian P.</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TwKJDAEACAAJ">"Miaphysite, not Monophysite!"</a>. <i>Cristianesimo Nella Storia</i>. <b>37</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">45–</span>52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788815261687" title="Special:BookSources/9788815261687"><bdi>9788815261687</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cristianesimo+Nella+Storia&rft.atitle=Miaphysite%2C+not+Monophysite%21&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9788815261687&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Sebastian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTwKJDAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1956" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Leslie W. (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H9gYAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Indian Christians of St Thomas: An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Christians+of+St+Thomas%3A+An+Account+of+the+Ancient+Syrian+Church+of+Malabar&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Leslie+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH9gYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahlbusch198" class="citation cs2">Fahlbusch, Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (198), <i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-2417-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing%2C+2008&rft.date=198&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2417-2&rft.aulast=Fahlbusch&rft.aufirst=Erwin+Fahlbusch%2C+Geoffrey+William+Bromiley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrykenberg2008" class="citation book cs1">Frykenberg, Robert E. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mXgSDAAAQBAJ"><i>Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-826377-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-826377-7"><bdi>978-0-19-826377-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity+in+India%3A+From+Beginnings+to+the+Present&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-826377-7&rft.aulast=Frykenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmXgSDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Joseph Cheeran, et al.(2002) Tradition and History of Indian Orthodox Church, p. 300–423</li> <li>Menachery, George (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianchristianity.com/"><i>The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India Vol. II</i></a>.</li> <li>Menachery, George (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianchristianity.com/"><i>The Indian Church History Classics: The Nazranies</i></a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeill1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Neill" title="Stephen Neill">Neill, Stephen</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgdLAAAAIAAJ"><i>Colonialism and Christian Missions</i></a>. New York: McGraw-Hill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism+and+Christian+Missions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWgdLAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeill2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Neill" title="Stephen Neill">Neill, Stephen</a> (2004) [1984]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RH4VPgB__GQC"><i>A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521548854" title="Special:BookSources/9780521548854"><bdi>9780521548854</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Christianity+in+India%3A+The+Beginnings+to+AD+1707&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780521548854&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRH4VPgB__GQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeill2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Neill" title="Stephen Neill">Neill, Stephen</a> (2002) [1985]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi-tvrYbYxMC"><i>A History of Christianity in India: 1707-1858</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521893329" title="Special:BookSources/9780521893329"><bdi>9780521893329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Christianity+in+India%3A+1707-1858&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780521893329&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXi-tvrYbYxMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tamcke, Martin (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2UYCm6b2v0C&dq=%22Ignatius+Abdul+Masih+II%22&pg=PA214"><i>Die Christen vom tur Abdin: Hinführung zur Syrisch-orthodoxen Kirche</i></a>. Verlag Otto Lembeck. 3874765806.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVadakkekara2007" class="citation book cs1">Vadakkekara, Benedict (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7f3YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Origin of Christianity in India: A Historiographical Critique</i></a>. Delhi: Media House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788174952585" title="Special:BookSources/9788174952585"><bdi>9788174952585</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin+of+Christianity+in+India%3A+A+Historiographical+Critique&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Media+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788174952585&rft.aulast=Vadakkekara&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7f3YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Van der Ploeg, J. P. M. (1983). <i>The Christians of St. Thomas in South India and their Syriac Manuscripts</i>. Dharmaram Publications.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmshurst2000" class="citation book cs1">Wilmshurst, David (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jB8ir0ek8bgC"><i>The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913</i></a>. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042908765" title="Special:BookSources/9789042908765"><bdi>9789042908765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecclesiastical+Organisation+of+the+Church+of+the+East%2C+1318%E2%80%931913&rft.place=Louvain&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789042908765&rft.aulast=Wilmshurst&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjB8ir0ek8bgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmshurst2011" class="citation book cs1">Wilmshurst, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zfxNtwAACAAJ"><i>The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East</i></a>. London: East & West Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781907318047" title="Special:BookSources/9781907318047"><bdi>9781907318047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Martyred+Church%3A+A+History+of+the+Church+of+the+East&rft.place=London&rft.pub=East+%26+West+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781907318047&rft.aulast=Wilmshurst&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzfxNtwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1997" class="citation journal cs1">Winkler, Dietmar W. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15344445">"Miaphysitism: A New Term for Use in the History of Dogma and in Ecumenical Theology"</a>. <i>The Harp</i>. <b>10</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">33–</span>40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harp&rft.atitle=Miaphysitism%3A+A+New+Term+for+Use+in+the+History+of+Dogma+and+in+Ecumenical+Theology&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Dietmar+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15344445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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title="Believers Eastern Church">Believers Eastern Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Full_Gospel)_in_India" title="Church of God (Full Gospel) in India">Church of God (Full Gospel) in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Brethren" title="Kerala Brethren">Kerala Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Church" title="Syro-Malabar Church">Syro-Malabar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png/120px-India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png/180px-India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png/240px-India_image_with_Golden_cross_on_it.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Retreat_Centre,_Muringoor" title="Divine Retreat Centre, Muringoor">Divine Retreat Centre, Muringoor</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Angamaly_police_firing" title="Angamaly police firing">Angamaly police firing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst_Hanxleden" title="Johann Ernst Hanxleden">Arnos Pathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bailey_(missionary)" title="Benjamin Bailey (missionary)">Benjamin Bailey (missionary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Malayalam" title="Bible translations into Malayalam">Bible translations into Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites_of_Mary_Immaculate" title="Carmelites of Mary Immaculate">Carmelites of Mary Immaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Saint_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux">Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gundert" title="Hermann Gundert">Hermann Gundert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara-Persian_ecclesiastical_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara-Persian ecclesiastical relations">Malankara-Persian ecclesiastical relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maramon_Convention" title="Maramon Convention">Maramon Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism_in_Kerala" title="Pentecostalism in Kerala">Pentecostalism in Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Abhaya_murder_case" title="Sister Abhaya murder case">Sister Abhaya murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Destitute" title="Sisters of the Destitute">Sisters of the Destitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_churches_of_Kerala" title="Syrian churches of Kerala">Syrian churches of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas 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href="/wiki/Protestant_Eastern_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Eastern Christianity">Oriental Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Believers_Eastern_Church" title="Believers Eastern Church">Believers Eastern Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_India" title="Protestantism in India">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church">Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcot_Lutheran_Church" title="Arcot Lutheran Church">Arcot Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Bodo Evangelical Lutheran Church">Bodo Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_the_Himalayan_States" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States">Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossner_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Chotanagpur_and_Assam" title="Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam">Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="India Evangelical Lutheran Church">India Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church">Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church">Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Andhra_Lutheran_Church" title="South Andhra Lutheran Church">South Andhra Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church">Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_India" title="United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India">United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Church_in_India" title="Congregational Church in India">Congregational Church in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Maraland" title="Evangelical Church of Maraland">Evangelical Church of Maraland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church,_Kalimpong" title="Free Presbyterian Church, Kalimpong">Free Presbyterian Church, Kalimpong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Presbyterian Church of India">Presbyterian Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Free_Church_of_Central_India" title="Presbyterian Free Church of Central India">Presbyterian Free Church of Central India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_North_East_India" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India">Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of India">Reformed Presbyterian Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India_Reformed_Churches" title="South India Reformed Churches">South India Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Northern_India_%E2%80%93_Presbyterian_Synod" title="United Church of Northern India – Presbyterian Synod">United Church of Northern India – Presbyterian Synod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>/United</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baptist_denominations_in_India" title="List of Baptist denominations in India">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church_of_Mizoram" title="Baptist Church of Mizoram">Baptist Church of Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_North_India" title="Baptist Union of North India">Baptist Union of North India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Orissa_Bihar_Baptist_Convention" title="Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention">Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Baptist_Church_Association" title="Boro Baptist Church Association">Boro Baptist Church Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Baptist_Convention" title="Boro Baptist Convention">Boro Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Baptist_Churches_of_Northern_Circars" title="Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars">Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Baptist_Churches_in_Northeast_India" title="Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India">Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Arunachal Baptist Church Council">Arunachal Baptist Church Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Baptist_Convention" title="Assam Baptist Convention">Assam Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Baptist_Convention" title="Garo Baptist Convention">Garo Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi-Anglong_Baptist_Convention" title="Karbi-Anglong Baptist Convention">Karbi-Anglong Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Baptist_Convention" title="Manipur Baptist Convention">Manipur Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Nagaland Baptist Church Council">Nagaland Baptist Church Council</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Baptist_Convention" title="Evangelical Baptist Convention">Evangelical Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_Baptist_Kebang" title="Mising Baptist Kebang">Mising Baptist Kebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bank_Baptist_Christian_Association" title="North Bank Baptist Christian Association">North Bank Baptist Christian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Baptist_Evangelistic_Crusade" title="Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade">Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavesam_of_Telugu_Baptist_Churches" title="Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches">Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Telugu Baptist Church Council">Telugu Baptist Church Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Baptist_Christian_Union" title="Tripura Baptist Christian Union">Tripura Baptist Christian Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Assemblies of God in India">Assemblies of God in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Congregation_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Congregation in India">Christian Congregation in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Revival_Church" title="Christian Revival Church">Christian Revival Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manna_Full_Gospel_Churches" title="Manna Full Gospel Churches">Manna Full Gospel Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Maranatha_Gospel_Church" title="Pentecostal Maranatha Gospel Church">Pentecostal Maranatha Gospel Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_India" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in India">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdenominational<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Christian_Council" title="All India Christian Council">All India Christian Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church%27s_Auxiliary_for_Social_Action" title="Church's Auxiliary for Social Action">Church's Auxiliary for Social Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India" title="National Council of Churches in India">National Council of Churches in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Assam" title="Christianity in Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jharkhand" title="Christianity in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Karnataka" title="Christianity in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Maharashtra" title="Christianity in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Manipur" title="Christianity in Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Meghalaya" title="Christianity in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mizoram" title="Christianity in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nagaland" title="Christianity in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Odisha" title="Christianity in Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Christianity in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_in_Northeast_India" title="List of Christian denominations in Northeast India">List of Christian denominations in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_denominations_in_India" title="Category:Christian denominations in India">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dioceses_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church254" style="background: #ffffff;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #DFAD70;;background: #FDF9D6;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dioceses_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Template:Dioceses of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dioceses_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Template talk:Dioceses of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/Chengannur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Chengannur Orthodox Diocese">Chengannur Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Idukki Orthodox Diocese">Idukki Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandanad_West_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandanad_East_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad East Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad East Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kochi Orthodox Diocese">Kochi Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kollam Orthodox Diocese">Kollam Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara_Punalur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottarakkara Punalur Orthodox Diocese">Kottarakkara Punalur Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Central_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kunnamkulam Orthodox Diocese">Kunnamkulam Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Diocese_(Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church)" title="Malabar Diocese (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church)">Malabar Diocese (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Mavelikara Orthodox Diocese">Mavelikara Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakal_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Nilakal Orthodox Diocese">Nilakal Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranam_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Niranam Orthodox Diocese">Niranam Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulthan_Bathery_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Sulthan Bathery Orthodox Diocese">Sulthan Bathery Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thiruvananthapuram Orthodox Diocese">Thiruvananthapuram Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thrissur Orthodox Diocese">Thrissur Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumpamon_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thumpamon Orthodox Diocese">Thumpamon Orthodox Diocese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DFAD70;;width:1%">Dioceses outside Kerala</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Ahmedabad Orthodox Diocese">Ahmedabad Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bangalore Orthodox Diocese">Bangalore Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Bombay Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavar_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Brahmavar Orthodox Diocese">Brahmavar Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Calcutta Orthodox Diocese">Calcutta Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Delhi Orthodox Diocese">Delhi Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Madras Orthodox Diocese">Madras Orthodox Diocese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DFAD70;;width:1%">Dioceses outside India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Northeast_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America">Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Southwest_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America">Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Canada" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada">Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Asia_Pacific" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific">Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #DFAD70;"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syriac_Christianity_footer" title="Template:Syriac Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syriac_Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Syriac Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syriac_Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syriac Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syriac_Christianity644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a>, legacy of <br />the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Antioch" title="Church of Antioch">Church of Antioch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a> (685)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Church</a> (1662)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> (512)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a>, legacy of<br />the <i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></i><br />(the <i>"Nestorian Church"</i>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon" title="Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon">410</a>–<a href="/wiki/Schism_of_1552" title="Schism of 1552">1552</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schism_of_1552" title="Schism of 1552">1552</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a> (1552)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient Church of the East</a> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Eastern Protestant</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Evangelical_Church" title="Assyrian Evangelical Church">Assyrian Evangelical Church</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Pentecostal_Church" title="Assyrian Pentecostal Church">Assyrian Pentecostal Church</a> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Saint Thomas Christians</a>,<br />legacy of<br />the <i><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a></i><br />(active 1st century–1601)<br />in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Eastern_Catholic222" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Church</a> (East Syriac) (1665)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a> (West Syriac) (1932)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a> (1665)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a> (1772)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nestorian (<a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian Church</a> (1701)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Eastern Protestant</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believers_Eastern_Church" title="Believers Eastern Church">Believers Eastern Church</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrahat" title="Aphrahat">Aphrahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Baradaeus" title="Jacob Baradaeus">Jacob Baradaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Serugh" title="Jacob of Serugh">Jacob of Serugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_of_Antioch" title="Severus of Antioch">Severus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Jew" title="Paul the Jew">Paul the Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maron" title="Maron">Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoxenus_of_Mabbug" title="Philoxenus of Mabbug">Philoxenus of Mabbug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Cana" title="Thomas of Cana">Thomas of Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_the_Syrian" title="Isaac the Syrian">Isaac the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maron" title="John Maron">John Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth" title="Mar Sabor and Mar Proth">Mar Sabor and Mar Proth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_bar_Salibi" title="Dionysius bar Salibi">Dionysius bar Salibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Hebraeus" title="Bar Hebraeus">Bar Hebraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimun_VIII_Yohannan_Sulaqa" title="Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa">Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Angamaly" title="Abraham of Angamaly">Abraham of Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorios_Abdal_Jaleel" title="Gregorios Abdal Jaleel">Gregorios Abdal Jaleel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_I" title="Thoma I">Thoma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Koorilos_I" title="Abraham Koorilos I">Abraham Koorilos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Andrew_Akijan" title="Ignatius Andrew Akijan">Ignatius Andrew Akijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_VI_Tanas" title="Cyril VI Tanas">Cyril VI Tanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Mellus" title="Elias Mellus">Elias Mellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysius of Vattasseril">Dionysius of Vattasseril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Ivanios" title="Geevarghese Ivanios">Geevarghese Ivanios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorilos_Paulose" title="Coorilos Paulose">Coorilos Paulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_Darmo" title="Thoma Darmo">Thoma Darmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Paulose_II" title="Baselios Paulose II">Baselios Paulose II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suret_language" title="Suret language">Assyrian Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Bohtan" title="Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan">Bohtan Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suret_language" title="Suret language">Chaldean Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garshuni" title="Garshuni">Garshuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Hertevin" title="Neo-Aramaic dialect of Hertevin">Hertevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koy_Sanjaq_Christian_Neo-Aramaic" title="Koy Sanjaq Christian Neo-Aramaic">Koy Sanjaq Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mla%E1%B8%A5s%C3%B4_language" title="Mlaḥsô language">Mlaḥsô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Senaya" title="Christian Neo-Aramaic dialect of Senaya">Senaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriyani_Malayalam" title="Suriyani Malayalam">Syriac Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turoyo_language" title="Turoyo language">Turoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> (Liturgical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_nationalism" title="Assyrian nationalism">Assyrian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyrian homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_independence_movement" title="Assyrian independence movement">Assyrian independence movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_Assyrian_autonomy_in_Iraq" title="Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq">Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_diaspora" title="Assyrian diaspora">Assyrian diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terms_for_Syriac_Christians" title="Terms for Syriac Christians">Terms for Syriac Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Arameans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicianism" title="Phoenicianism">Phoenicianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara%E2%80%93Persian_ecclesiastical_relations" title="Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations">Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_sacral_music" title="Syriac sacral music">Syriac sacral music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* Defunct with <a href="/wiki/Schism_of_1552" title="Schism of 1552">schism of 1552</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, 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(religion)">communion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephalous</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">churches</a> from <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nubia#Christian_Nubia" title="Nubia">Sudan</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephalous<br />churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Holy See of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristCopticArt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ChristCopticArt.png/50px-ChristCopticArt.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ChristCopticArt.png/75px-ChristCopticArt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ChristCopticArt.png/100px-ChristCopticArt.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="263" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><i>Armenian Apostolic</i>:</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople">Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Syriac Orthodox</i>:</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Malankara Jacobite</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</i>:</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brahmavar_(Goan)_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church">Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations#Independent_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="List of Christian denominations">Independent<br />churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/British_Orthodox_Church" title="British Orthodox Church">British Isles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Syncreticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncreticism">Syncretic Oriential Catholic Churches</a>: Communion of Western Orthodox Churches <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Orthodox_Church" title="Celtic Orthodox Church">Celtic Orthodox Church</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tigrayan_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_Saint_Gregory" title="Anaphora of Saint Gregory">Anaphora of Saint Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Cyril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Patriarchates_in_Christianity1384" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Patriarchates_in_Christianity" title="Template:Patriarchates in Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Patriarchates_in_Christianity" title="Template talk:Patriarchates in Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Patriarchates_in_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Patriarchates in Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Patriarchates_in_Christianity1384" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, sorted according to earliest <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic</a> legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:<br /> <b>bold blue</b> = <b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></b>, <span style="color:#000040;">light blue</span> = <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> (* unrecognized), <span style="color:#808000;"><b>bold/</b>light green</span> = <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy"><span style="color:#808000;">Oriental Orthodoxy</span></a>, <i>italic blue = <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></i>, <i><b>bold italic blue</b></i> = <a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">pre-schism</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Antiquity</a>)<br /><span class="nobold">(30–325/476)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a><br /><span class="nobold">(five<br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic See">apostolic<br />sees</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Rome</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></b> (since <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> (since 330)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople">Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></b> (1204–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople</span></a> (since 1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocephalous_Turkish_Orthodox_Patriarchate" title="Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate">Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate</a> (since 1924*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Antioch" title="Church of Antioch">Antioch</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs_of_Antioch" title="List of patriarchs of Antioch">Patriarchate of Antioch</a></b></i> (1st cent.–518)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Antioch_and_All_the_East" title="Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East"><span style="color:#808000;">Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch</span></a></b> (since 518)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch</a> (since 519)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch">Maronite Patriarchate</a></b> (since 685)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Latin Patriarchate of Antioch">Latin Patriarchate of Antioch</a></b> (1099–1964)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch</a></b> (since 1668)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch">Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch</a></b> (since 1724)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholicosate_of_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia</span></a></b> (since 1058)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Cilicia" title="Patriarchate of Cilicia">Patriarchate of Cilicia</a></b> (since 1740)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Alexandria" title="Church of Alexandria">Alexandria</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st cent.</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs_of_Alexandria" title="List of patriarchs of Alexandria">Patriarchate of Alexandria</a></b></i> (1st cent.–451)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria</a> (since <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria"><span style="color:#808000;">Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria</span></a></b> (since <a href="/wiki/451" title="451">451</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria">Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria</a></b> (1219–1964)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria">Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria</a></b> (since 1824)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a> (since 451)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem</span></a> (since 638)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a></b> (since 1099)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs,_archbishops_and_bishops_of_Carthage" class="mw-redirect" title="List of patriarchs, archbishops and bishops of Carthage">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Carthage" title="Archdiocese of Carthage">Carthage</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_2nd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the 2nd century">2nd cent.</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs,_archbishops_and_bishops_of_Carthage" class="mw-redirect" title="List of patriarchs, archbishops and bishops of Carthage">Patriarch of Carthage</a></b></i> (2nd cent.–1076)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_Church_of_the_East" title="Patriarch of the Church of the East">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_Province_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon" title="Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon">Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(280)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs_of_the_Church_of_the_East" title="List of patriarchs of the Church of the East">Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a></i> (280–1552)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Baghdad" title="Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad">Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad</a></b> (since 1553)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs_of_the_Church_of_the_East#Patriarchs_of_the_Church_of_the_East_from_1558_to_1861" title="List of patriarchs of the Church of the East">Patriarchs of the Church of the East (Eliya line)</a></i> (1558–1830)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs_of_the_Church_of_the_East#Patriarchs_of_the_Church_of_the_East_from_1558_to_1861" title="List of patriarchs of the Church of the East">Patriarchs of the Church of the East (Shimun line)</a></i> (1692–1830)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_patriarchs_of_the_Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="List of patriarchs of the Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a></i> (since 1830)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a></i> (since 1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <span class="nobold">(301)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians"><span style="color:#808000;">Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin)</span></a></b> (since 301)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholicosate_of_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia"><span style="color:#808000;">Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia</span></a></b> (since 1058)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Cilicia" title="Patriarchate of Cilicia">Patriarchate of Cilicia</a></b> (since 1740)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(476–1517)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Aquileia" title="Patriarchate of Aquileia">Patriarchate of Aquileia</a></b> (568–1751)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Grado" title="Patriarch of Grado">Patriarchate of Grado</a></b> (725–1451)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Bulgaria</a> (919*/927–1018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Georgia</a> (1010–1811)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Primate of Bulgaria</a></b> (1204–1235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnovo_Patriarchate" title="Tarnovo Patriarchate">Tarnovo Patriarchate</a> (1235–1394)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriarchate_of_Pe%C4%87" title="Serbian Patriarchate of Peć">Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć</a> (1346*/1375–1463)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Venice" title="Patriarchate of Venice">Patriarchate of Venice</a></b> (since 1451)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicate_of_Abkhazia" title="Catholicate of Abkhazia">Catholicate of Abkhazia</a> (15.*/16. century–1814)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Early Modern era</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(1517–1789) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_the_West_Indies" title="Patriarchate of the West Indies">Patriarchate of the West Indies</a></b> (since 1524)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Ethiopia" title="Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia">Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia</a></b> (1555–1663)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_the_East_Indies" title="Patriarchate of the East Indies">Patriarchate of the East Indies</a></b> (since 1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriarchate_of_Pe%C4%87#Early_Modern_Period_(1557–1766)" title="Serbian Patriarchate of Peć">Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć</a> (1557–1766)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Moscow</a> (since 1589)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Lisbon" title="Patriarchate of Lisbon">Patriarchate of Lisbon</a></b> (since 1716)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Late Modern era</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(since 1789)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Karlovci" title="Patriarchate of Karlovci">Patriarchate of Karlovci</a> (1848–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Georgia</a> (since 1917*/1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć</a> (since 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Romania</a> (since 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Orthodox_Church" title="Croatian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Croatia</a> (*1942–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Bulgaria</a> (since 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abunas_of_Ethiopia" title="List of abunas of Ethiopia"><span style="color:#808000;">Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia</span></a> (since 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">Patriarchate of Kyiv</a> (1992*–2018; since 2019*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abunas_of_Eritrea" title="List of abunas of Eritrea"><span style="color:#808000;">Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea</span></a> (since 1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Throne" title="Apostolic Throne">Apostolic Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">Episcopal see</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Christianity958" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Christianity" title="Template talk:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Christianity958" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History of Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">Spread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">2nd and 3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_4th_century" title="Christianity in the 4th century">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_5th_century" title="Christianity in the 5th century">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_6th_century" title="Christianity in the 6th century">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_7th_century" title="Christianity in the 7th century">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_8th_century" title="Christianity in the 8th century">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_9th_century" title="Christianity in the 9th century">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_10th_century" title="Christianity in the 10th century">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_11th_century" title="Christianity in the 11th century">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_12th_century" title="Christianity in the 12th century">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_13th_century" title="Christianity in the 13th century">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_14th_century" title="Christianity in the 14th century">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_15th_century" title="Christianity in the 15th century">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_16th_century" title="Christianity in the 16th century">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_17th_century" title="Christianity in the 17th century">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_18th_century" title="Christianity in the 18th century">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_19th_century" title="Christianity in the 19th century">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_20th_century" title="Christianity in the 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_21st_century" title="Christianity in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins and<br />Apostolic Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene<br />period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_in_early_Christian_theology" title="Diversity in early Christian theology">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donatism" title="Donatism">Donatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Roman_Africa_province" title="Christianity in the Roman Africa province">Early African</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_shift" title="Constantinian shift">Constantinian shift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Roman state religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Non-Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Non-Chalcedonian Christianity">Non-Chalcedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Development of primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Eastern Orthodox opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Lateran IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Xavier</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Monastery dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_rock" title="Mass rock">Mass rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priest_hole" title="Priest hole">priest holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Neo-Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Neo-Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">Vatican I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesial_community" title="Ecclesial community">Ecclesial community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Christianity" title="History of Eastern Christianity">Eastern<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#History" title="Icon">Icons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iconodulism" title="Iconodulism">Iconodulism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Armenia" title="Christianization of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_history" title="Coptic history">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">Slavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bohemia" title="Christianization of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Moravia" title="Christianization of Moravia">Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Poland" title="Christianization of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Pomerania" title="Christianization of Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Church" title="Bosnian Church">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Cathars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Brethren" title="Apostolic Brethren">Apostolic Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulcinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulcinian">Dulcinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Early_Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Early Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Five Ways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">Wycliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Papal Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Reformation" title="Bohemian Reformation">Bohemian Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Hus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">Conciliarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">Synods</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Calvinist%E2%80%93Arminian_debate" title="History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate">Calvinist–Arminian debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Politics" title="Counter-Reformation">Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_theory_in_the_Early_Modern_period#Christian_resistance_theories_of_the_early_modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance theory in the Early Modern period">Resistance theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Reformation" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemite" title="Nicodemite">Nicodemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnody_of_continental_Europe" title="Hymnody of continental Europe">Hymnody of continental Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_and_material_principles_of_theology" title="Formal and material principles of theology">Formal and material principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformation_literature" title="Template:Reformation literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">Ninety-five Theses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Worms" title="Diet of Worms">Diet of Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Melanchthon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Reformed_Christianity" title="History of Reformed Christianity">Calvinism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Anglicanism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_English_Reformation" title="Timeline of the English Reformation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Cranmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement" title="Elizabethan Religious Settlement">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">39 Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Church music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Brethren" title="Swiss Brethren">Swiss Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas 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title="Baptists">Baptists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptists_in_the_history_of_separation_of_church_and_state" title="Baptists in the history of separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_toleration#Early_modern_period" title="Edict of toleration">Edicts of toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerism" title="Millerism">Millerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merton_thesis" title="Merton thesis">Fostering of early experimental science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">1789–present</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="History of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="History of the Latter Day Saint movement">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a 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