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taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li id="n-İçindekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>İçindekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rastgele madde</span></a></li><li id="n-Seçkin-içerik" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Görünüm" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Görünüm</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" 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class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Fennoskandiya" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kişisel araçlar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fennoskandiya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 55 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandinavien" title="Fennoskandinavien - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fennoskandinavien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فينوسكنديا - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فينوسكنديا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فينوسكانديا - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فينوسكانديا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoscandia" title="Fenoscandia - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fenoscandia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandiya" title="Fennoskandiya - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fennoskandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фенаскандыя - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фенаскандыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Феноскандия - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Феноскандия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennosc%C3%A0ndia" title="Fennoscàndia - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fennoscàndia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فێنۆسکەندیا - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فێنۆسکەندیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandin%C3%A1vie" title="Fennoskandinávie - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fennoskandinávie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Фенносканди - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фенносканди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandinavien" title="Fennoskandinavien - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fennoskandinavien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandinavien" title="Fennoskandinavien - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fennoskandinavien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φινοσκανδιναβία - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φινοσκανδιναβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandia" title="Fennoscandia - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fennoscandia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoskandio" title="Fenoskandio - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fenoskandio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoscandia" title="Fenoscandia - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fenoscandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandia" title="Fennoskandia - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fennoskandia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandia" title="Fennoskandia - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fennoskandia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فنواسکاندیا - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فنواسکاندیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandia" title="Fennoskandia - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fennoskandia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandie" title="Fennoscandie - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fennoscandie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoscandia" title="Fenoscandia - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fenoscandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="פנוסקנדיה - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנוסקנדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoskandija" title="Fenoskandija - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fenoskandija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti-%C5%91sf%C3%B6ld" title="Balti-ősföld - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balti-ősföld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandia" title="Fennoskandia - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fennoskandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenn%C3%B3skand%C3%ADa" title="Fennóskandía - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fennóskandía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandia" title="Fennoscandia - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fennoscandia" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2" title="フェノスカンジア - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェノスカンジア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფენოსკანდინავია - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფენოსკანდინავია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandiya" title="Fennoskandiya - Karakalpakça" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Fennoskandiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фенноскандия - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фенноскандия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B8%EB%94%94%EC%95%84" title="페노스칸디아 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페노스칸디아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фенноскандия - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фенноскандия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandinavien" title="Fennoskandinavien - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fennoskandinavien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoskandija" title="Fenoskandija - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fenoskandija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Феноскандија - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Феноскандија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenno-Skandinavja" title="Fenno-Skandinavja - Maltaca" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fenno-Skandinavja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandinavien" title="Fennoskandinavien - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fennoskandinavien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandinavi%C3%AB" title="Fennoscandinavië - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fennoscandinavië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandia" title="Fennoskandia - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fennoskandia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandia" title="Fennoskandia - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fennoskandia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Fennoskandzki" title="Półwysep Fennoskandzki - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Półwysep Fennoskandzki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fino-Escandin%C3%A1via" title="Fino-Escandinávia - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fino-Escandinávia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandia" title="Fennoscandia - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fennoscandia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фенноскандия - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фенноскандия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finoskandija" title="Finoskandija - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Finoskandija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandia" title="Fennoscandia - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fennoscandia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoskandija" title="Fenoskandija - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fenoskandija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Финоскандија - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Финоскандија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фенноскандія - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фенноскандія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoskandiya" title="Fennoskandiya - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fennoskandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandia" title="Fennoscandia - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fennoscandia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" title="芬諾斯堪底亞 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="芬諾斯堪底亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q604496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fennoskandiya" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fennoskandiya&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fennoskandiya&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fennoscandia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q604496" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Fennoscandia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fennoscandia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Fennoscandia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fennoscandia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Fennoscandia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Fennoscandia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Fennoscandia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Harita üzerinde Fennoskandiya gösterimi</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fennoskandiya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Fince" title="Fince">Fince</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7%C3%A7e" title="İsveççe">İsveççe</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Norve%C3%A7%C3%A7e" title="Norveççe">Norveççe</a>: Fennoskandia; <a href="/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça">Rusça</a>: Фенноскандия, <a href="/wiki/Latin_alfabesi" title="Latin alfabesi">Latin harfleriyle</a>: Fennoskandiya) veya <b>Fennoskandiya Yarımadası</b>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skandinav_Yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="İskandinav Yarımadası">İskandinav Yarımadası</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Kola_Yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Kola Yarımadası">Kola Yarımadasını</a> kapsayan bir <a href="/wiki/Yar%C4%B1mada" title="Yarımada">yarımadadır</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yönetimsel olarak, <a href="/wiki/Norve%C3%A7" title="Norveç">Norveç</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7" title="İsveç">İsveç</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Finlandiya" title="Finlandiya">Finlandiya</a>'nın yanı sıra<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rusya'ya bağlı <a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Murmansk Oblastı">Murmansk Oblastı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Karelya_Cumhuriyeti" title="Karelya Cumhuriyeti">Karelya Cumhuriyeti</a> bu coğrafi bölgede yer alır. <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Leningrad Oblastı">Leningrad Oblastı</a>'nın kuzey bölgeleri de dahil edilebilir. </p><p>Terim Latince <i>Fennia</i> (Finlandiya) ile <i>Scandia</i> (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skandinavya" title="İskandinavya">İskandinavya</a>) sözcüklerinin birleşiminden türetilmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terimi ilk kez 1898'de Finlandiyalı jeolog Wilhelm Ramsay kullanmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Fenno-İskandinavya</b> kimi zaman Fennoskandiya'nın yerine kullanılabilir. Her iki terim de Finlandiya ile birlikte <a href="/wiki/Nordik_%C3%BClkeler" title="Nordik ülkeler">Nordik ülkeler</a> olarak anılan <a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a>, İsveç ve Norveç'i ifade eder.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fennoskandiya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fennoskandiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers</i>, eds. Vicki Cummings; Peter Jordan; Marek Zvelebil (Oxfored; New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), p. 838</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Sten Lavsund; Tuire Nygren; Erling Solberg (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306140352/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-140524869.html">"Status of moose populations and challenges to moose management in Fennoscandia"</a>. Alces. 2003. HighBeam Research.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071021040901/http://www.yourdictionary.com/fennoscandia">"Fennoscandia [fen′ō skan′dē ə]"</a>. <i>Your Dictionary</i>. LoveToKnow, Corp. 21 Ekim 2007 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/fennoscandia">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">20 Nisan</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Fennoscandia+%5Bfen%E2%80%B2%C5%8D+skan%E2%80%B2d%C4%93+%C9%99%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourdictionary.com%2Ffennoscandia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFennoskandiya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten_De_Geer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sten De Geer (sayfa mevcut değil)">De Geer, Sten</a> (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.ut.ee/bitstream/handle/10062/15327/geologische_de_geer_ocr.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y">"Das geologische Fennoskandia und das geographische Baltoskandia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografiska_Annaler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografiska Annaler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Geografiska Annaler</a></i> (Almanca). Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography. <b>10</b>: 119-139. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/604361828">604361828</a>. 23 Nisan 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423033404/https://dspace.ut.ee/bitstream/handle/10062/15327/geologische_de_geer_ocr.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Nisan</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Das+geologische+Fennoskandia+und+das+geographische+Baltoskandia&rft.pages=119-139&rft.pub=Swedish+Society+for+Anthropology+and+Geography&rft.date=1928&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F604361828&rft.aulast=De+Geer&rft.aufirst=Sten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.ut.ee%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10062%2F15327%2Fgeologische_de_geer_ocr.pdf%3Fsequence%3D5%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFennoskandiya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bulletin - Canadian Library Association</i>, Volume 20. Canadian Library Association., 1963. p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/69278">Fennoscandia, n.</a> 28 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728143102/https://www.oed.com/start;jsessionid=3520E198D394BEA1BAC928ACCA39289F?authRejection=true&url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F69278">arşivlendi</a>.", <i>Oxford English Dictionary Online</i>, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2019). 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