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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Karakteristik </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Karakteristik </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sifat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Sifat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemiripan_dengan_lantanida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemiripan_dengan_lantanida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Kemiripan dengan lantanida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemiripan_dengan_lantanida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_dan_reaksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_dan_reaksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Senyawa dan reaksi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_dan_reaksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop_dan_nukleosintesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop_dan_nukleosintesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Isotop dan nukleosintesis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop_dan_nukleosintesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Keterjadian </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Keterjadian </button> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kelimpahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelimpahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Kelimpahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelimpahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Produksi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Aplikasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsumen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsumen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Konsumen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsumen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garnet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garnet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Garnet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garnet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peningkat_bahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peningkat_bahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Peningkat bahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peningkat_bahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Medis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superkonduktor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superkonduktor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Superkonduktor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superkonduktor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baterai_litium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baterai_litium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Baterai litium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baterai_litium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Aplikasi lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pencegahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencegahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Pencegahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pencegahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Lihat pula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliografi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bacaan lebih lanjut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Itrium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 139 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" > 139 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ይትሪየም – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ይትሪየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="إتريوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إتريوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="إيطريوم – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيطريوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="اتريوم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتريوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriu" title="Itriu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Itriu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ttirium" title="İttirium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İttirium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrium" title="Ittrium – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ittrium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyo" title="Itriyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Itriyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Ітрый – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ітрый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ітар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ітар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Итрий – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Итрий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यिट्रियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यिट्रियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইট্রিয়াম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইট্রিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡི་ཊི་རིམ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡི་ཊི་རིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriom" title="Itriom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Itriom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Itrij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itri" title="Itri – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Itri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyo" title="Itriyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Itriyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ئیتیریۆم – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیتیریۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittriu" title="Ittriu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ittriu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytriwm" title="Ytriwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ytriwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8E%CF%84%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ύττριο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ύττριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ctrium" title="Ütrium – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ütrium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایتریم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایتریم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ctrium" title="Ütrium – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ütrium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itri" title="Itri – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Itri" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriam" title="Itriam – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Itriam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="ઈટ્રીયમ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈટ્રીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="איטריום – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איטריום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="इट्रियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इट्रियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Itrij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrium" title="Ittrium – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ittrium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Իտրիում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իտրիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitrio" title="Yitrio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yitrio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttr%C3%ADn" title="Yttrín – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Yttrín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrio" title="Ittrio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ittrio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="イットリウム – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イットリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrtitri" title="jinmrtitri – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrtitri" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იტრიუმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტრიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%96tr%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Ɩtrɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɩtrɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಟ್ರಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಟ್ರಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="이트륨 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이트륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Etriy%C3%BBm" title="Îtriyûm – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îtriyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytriom" title="Ytriom – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ytriom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrio" title="Ittrio – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ittrio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itris" title="Itris – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Itris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrijs" title="Itrijs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Itrijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Иттри – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Иттри" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итриум – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Итриум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="യിട്രിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യിട്രിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Иттри – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иттри" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="इट्रियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इट्रियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အိတ်တြီယမ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိတ်တြီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यितृयम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="यितृयम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itri" title="Itri – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Itri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrii" title="Ittrii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ittrii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଇଟ୍ରିଅମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଟ୍ରିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਇਟਰੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਟਰੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यितृयम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="यितृयम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itr" title="Itr – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Itr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytrio" title="Ytrio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ytrio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایتریم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایتریم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ايتريوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايتريوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ítrio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyu" title="Itriyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Itriyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytriu" title="Ytriu – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ytriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriu" title="Itriu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Itriu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यितृयम – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यितृयम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ctriu" title="Ìtriu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìtriu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittriu" title="Ittriu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ittriu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrijum" title="Itrijum – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Itrijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytrium" title="Ytrium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ytrium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Itrij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyaam" title="Itriyaam – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Itriyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriumi" title="Itriumi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Itriumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итријум – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Итријум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytri" title="Ytri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ytri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இற்றியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இற்றியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="యిట్రియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యిట్రియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="อิตเทรียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิตเทรียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyo" title="Itriyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Itriyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0triyum" title="İtriyum – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtriyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ئىتترىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىتترىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ітрій – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ітрій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="یٹریئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یٹریئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittriy" title="Ittriy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ittriy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrii" title="Ittrii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ittrii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytri" title="Ytri – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ytri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itryo" title="Itryo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Itryo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Иттриум – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Иттриум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="איטריום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איטריום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%94" title="釔 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釔" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%94" title="釔 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmYambi" title="UmYambi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmYambi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q941#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Itrium" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Iterbium</a>. Untuk grup peretas yang kadang disebut YTTRIUM, lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cozy_Bear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cozy Bear (halaman belum tersedia)">Cozy Bear</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;">39Y</div>Itrium</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4952" data-file-height="3368" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Itrium tersublimasi dendritis dan kubus itrium 1 cm3</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yttrium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Yttrium_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Yttrium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Yttrium_spectrum_visible.png/330px-Yttrium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Yttrium_spectrum_visible.png/440px-Yttrium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum itrium</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">/itrium/<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">putih keperakan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Itrium dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_039_Yttrium.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 039 Yttrium.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Electron_shell_039_Yttrium.svg/50px-Electron_shell_039_Yttrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Electron_shell_039_Yttrium.svg/75px-Electron_shell_039_Yttrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Electron_shell_039_Yttrium.svg/100px-Electron_shell_039_Yttrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"> 39Y</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Berilium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Silikon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)">Clor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium">Potasium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Besi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Nikel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Seng</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)">Selen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> ↑ Y ↓ <a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">stronsium</a> ← itrium → <a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">zirkonium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">39</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">golongan 3</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 5</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">  <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> (Ar)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>88,905838±0,000002</li><li>88,906±0,001 (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4d1 5s2 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 9, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1799 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1526 °C, 2779 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3203 K (2930 °C, 5306 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> mendekati <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">4,472 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">4,24 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">11,42 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">363 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">26,53 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada <abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>1883 </td> <td>2075 </td> <td>(2320) </td> <td>(2627) </td> <td>(3036) </td> <td>(3607) </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,<a href="#cite_note-Cloke1993-2">[2]</a> +1, +2, +3 (oksida <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a> lemah)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 1,22 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 600 kJ/mol ke-2: 1180 kJ/mol ke-3: 1980 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris: 180 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">190±7 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susunan_padat_bola_serupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susunan padat bola serupa (halaman belum tersedia)">susunan padat heksagon</a> (hcp)<div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Hexagonal close packed untuk itrium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a> batang ringan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3300 m/s (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">α, poli: 10,6 µm/(m·K) (pada <abbr title="suhu kamar">s.k.</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">17,2 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">α, poli: 596 nΩ·m (pada <abbr title="suhu kamar">s.k.</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a><a href="#cite_note-magnet-3">[3]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">+2,15×10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">63,5 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">25,6 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">41,2 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Rasio_Poisson" title="Rasio Poisson">Rasio Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,243 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Brinell" title="Uji kekerasan Brinell">Skala Brinell</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">200–589 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7440-65-5 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penamaan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">dari <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a> (Swedia) dan mineralnya <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">iterbit</a> (gadolinit)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (halaman belum tersedia)">J. Gadolin</a> (1794)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Isolasi pertama</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">F. Wöhler</a> (1838)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_itrium" title="Isotop itrium">Isotop itrium</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> (t1/2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">87Y </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetis" title="Radioisotop sintetis">sintetis</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">3,4 hri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium-87" class="mw-redirect" title="Stronsium-87">87Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">γ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">88Y </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">106,6 hri </td> <td>ε </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium-88" class="mw-redirect" title="Stronsium-88">88Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>γ </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">89Y </th> <td style="text-align:right">100% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">90Y </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">2,7 hri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium-90" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirkonium-90">90Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>γ </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">91Y </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">58,5 hri </td> <td>β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium-91" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirkonium-91">91Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>γ </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ffc0c0; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_itrium" title="Templat:Kotak info itrium">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_itrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info itrium (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_itrium&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941" class="extiw" title="d:Q941">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Itrium adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> Y (dari Latin yttrium) dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 39. Ia adalah <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a> berwarna keperakan yang secara kimiawi mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">lantanida</a> dan sering diklasifikasikan sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">unsur tanah jarang</a>".<a href="#cite_note-IUPAC1-5">[5]</a> Itrium hampir selalu ditemukan dalam kombinasi dengan unsur lantanida lainnya dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_tanah_jarang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral tanah jarang (halaman belum tersedia)">mineral tanah jarang</a>, dan tidak pernah ditemukan di alam sebagai unsur bebas. 89Y adalah satu-satunya <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> itrium yang stabil, serta satu-satunya yang ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Kerak_(geologi)" title="Kerak (geologi)">kerak Bumi</a>. Penggunaan itrium yang paling penting adalah <a href="/wiki/Dioda_pemancar_cahaya" title="Dioda pemancar cahaya">LED</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, khususnya fosfor merah dalam tampilan <a href="/wiki/Tabung_sinar_katode" title="Tabung sinar katode">tabung sinar katoda</a> perangkat televisi.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a> Itrium juga digunakan dalam produksi <a href="/wiki/Elektrode" title="Elektrode">elektroda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektrolit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filter_elektronik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filter elektronik (halaman belum tersedia)">filter elektronik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas" title="Superkonduktivitas">superkonduktor</a>, berbagai aplikasi medis, dan <a href="/wiki/Unsur_renik" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsur renik">melacak</a> berbagai bahan untuk meningkatkan sifat-sifatnya. Itrium tidak memiliki peran <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologis</a> yang diketahui. Paparan senyawa itrium dapat menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_pernapasan" title="Penyakit pernapasan">penyakit paru-paru</a> pada manusia.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> Unsur ini dinamai dari <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">iterbit</a> (ytterbite), sebuah mineral yang pertama kali diidentifikasi oleh ahli kimia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Axel_Arrhenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Axel Arrhenius (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl Axel Arrhenius</a> pada tahun 1787. Dia menamai mineral itu dari nama desa <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>, tempat mineral itu ditemukan. Ketika salah satu bahan kimia dalam iterbit kemudian ditemukan sebagai unsur yang sebelumnya tak teridentifikasi, itrium, unsur tersebut kemudian dinamai dari mineralnya. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat">Sifat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Itrium adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a> yang lunak, berwarna keperakan, berkilau, dan sangat kristalin dalam <a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">golongan 3</a>. Seperti yang diperkirakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Tren_periodik" title="Tren periodik">tren periodik</a>, ia kurang <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">elektronegatif</a> daripada anggota sebelumnya dalam golongannya, <a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">skandium</a>, dan kurang elektronegatif daripada anggota <a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">periode 5</a> berikutnya, <a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">zirkonium</a>. Namun, karena <a href="/wiki/Kontraksi_lantanida" title="Kontraksi lantanida">kontraksi lantanida</a>, ia juga kurang elektronegatif dibandingkan anggota berikutnya dalam golongannya, <a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">lutesium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p946-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hammond-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Itrium adalah unsur <a href="/wiki/Blok_tabel_periodik#Blok-d" title="Blok tabel periodik">blok-d</a> pertama pada periode kelima. Itrium murni relatif stabil di udara dalam bentuk curah, dikarenakan adanya <a href="/wiki/Pasivasi_(kimia)" title="Pasivasi (kimia)">pasivasi</a> film pelindung oksida (Y2O3) yang terbentuk di permukaan. Film ini dapat mencapai ketebalan 10 <a href="/wiki/Mikrometer_(satuan)" title="Mikrometer (satuan)">µm</a> ketika itrium dipanaskan hingga 750 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> Namun, ketika terbagi halus, itrium sangat tidak stabil di udara; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatal (halaman belum tersedia)">serutannya</a> dapat menyala di udara pada suhu melebihi 400 °C.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)">Itrium nitrida</a> (YN) terbentuk ketika itrium dipanaskan hingga 1000 °C dalam <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemiripan_dengan_lantanida">Kemiripan dengan lantanida</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kemiripan dengan lantanida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kemiripan dengan lantanida">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">Logam tanah jarang</a></div> Kemiripan itrium dengan <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">lantanida</a> begitu kuat sehingga unsur tersebut secara historis dikelompokkan dengan mereka sebagai <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">logam tanah jarang</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IUPAC1-5">[5]</a> dan selalu ditemukan di alam bersama dengan mereka dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_tanah_jarang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral tanah jarang (halaman belum tersedia)">mineral tanah jarang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley498-13">[13]</a> Secara kimiawi, itrium menyerupai unsur-unsur tersebut lebih dekat daripada tetangganya dalam tabel periodik, <a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">skandium</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ECE810-14">[14]</a> dan jika sifat fisik diplot terhadap <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a>, ia akan memiliki jumlah yang tampak mulai dari 64,5 hingga 67,5, menempatkannya di antara lantanida <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECE815-15">[15]</a> Itrium juga sering berada dalam kisaran yang sama untuk urutan reaksi,<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> menyerupai <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">disprosium</a> dalam reaktivitas kimianya.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a> Ukuran itrium sangat dekat dengan apa yang disebut 'gugus itrium' dari ion lantanida berat sehingga dalam larutan, ia berperilaku seolah-olah ia adalah salah satunya.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p945-16">[16]</a> Meskipun lantanida berada satu baris lebih jauh di tabel periodik daripada itrium, kesamaan dalam jari-jari atom mungkin disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kontraksi_lantanida" title="Kontraksi lantanida">kontraksi lantanida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1234-17">[17]</a> Salah satu dari beberapa perbedaan penting antara kimia itrium dan lantanida adalah bahwa itrium hampir secara eksklusif <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valensi_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valensi (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">trivalen</a>, sedangkan sekitar setengah lantanida dapat memiliki valensi selain tiga; namun demikian, hanya untuk empat dari lima belas lantanida valensi lainnya yang penting dalam larutan berair (<a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">CeIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">SmII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">EuII</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">YbII</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_dan_reaksi">Senyawa dan reaksi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa dan reaksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa dan reaksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_itrium" title="Kategori:Senyawa itrium">Kategori:Senyawa itrium</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yttrium_%2B_carbonate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yttrium_%2B_carbonate.jpg/125px-Yttrium_%2B_carbonate.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yttrium_%2B_carbonate.jpg/188px-Yttrium_%2B_carbonate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yttrium_%2B_carbonate.jpg/250px-Yttrium_%2B_carbonate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="2680" /></a><figcaption>Kiri: Garam itrium terlarut bereaksi dengan karbonat, membentuk endapan putih itrium karbonat. Kanan: Itrium karbonat larut dalam larutan logam alkali karbonat berlebih</figcaption></figure> Sebagai logam transisi trivalen, itrium membentuk berbagai <a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">senyawa anorganik</a>, umumnya dalam keadaan oksidasi +3, dengan melepaskan ketiga <a href="/wiki/Elektron_valensi" title="Elektron valensi">elektron valensinya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p948-18">[18]</a> Salah satu contoh yang baik adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium(III) oksida</a> (Y2O3), juga dikenal sebagai itria, sebuah padatan putih dengan enam <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen_koordinasi" title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi">koordinat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p947-19">[19]</a> Itrium membentuk <a href="/wiki/Fluorida" title="Fluorida">fluorida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidroksida" title="Hidroksida">hidroksida</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Oksalat" title="Oksalat">oksalat</a> yang tidak larut dalam air, tetapi <a href="/wiki/Bromida" title="Bromida">bromida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klorida" title="Klorida">klorida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodida" title="Iodida">iodida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">sulfatnya</a> <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">larut</a> dalam air.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ion</a> Y3+ tidak berwarna dalam larutan karena tidak adanya elektron pada <a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">kulit elektron</a> d dan f.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">Air</a> mudah bereaksi dengan itrium dan senyawanya untuk membentuk Y2O3.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley498-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">Asam nitrat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_fluorida" title="Asam fluorida">fluorida</a> pekat tidak dapat menyerang itrium dengan cepat, tetapi asam kuat lainnya dapat.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> Dengan <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a>, itrium membentuk <a href="/wiki/Halida" title="Halida">trihalida</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium(III) fluorida</a> (YF3), <a href="/wiki/Itrium(III)_klorida" title="Itrium(III) klorida">itrium(III) klorida</a> (YCl3), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium(III) bromida</a> (YBr3) pada suhu di atas sekitar 200 °C.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> Demikian pula, <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">fosforus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">silikon</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a> dapat membentuk <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_biner" title="Senyawa biner">senyawa biner</a> dengan itrium pada suhu tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organoitrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organoitrium (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia organoitrium</a> adalah studi mengenai senyawa yang mengandung ikatan karbon–itrium. Beberapa di antaranya diketahui memiliki itrium dalam keadaan oksidasi 0.<a href="#cite_note-Cloke1993-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schumann-20">[20]</a> (Keadaan +2 telah teramati pada leburan klorida,<a href="#cite_note-Mikheev1992-21">[21]</a> dan +1 dalam gugus oksida dalam fase gas.<a href="#cite_note-Kang2005-22">[22]</a>) Beberapa reaksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimer_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimer (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">trimerisasi</a> dihasilkan dengan senyawa organoitrium sebagai katalis.<a href="#cite_note-Schumann-20">[20]</a> Sintesis ini menggunakan YCl3 sebagai bahan awal, diperoleh dari Y2O3 serta <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amonium_klorida" title="Amonium klorida">amonium klorida</a> pekat.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haptisitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haptisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">Haptisitas</a> adalah istilah untuk menggambarkan koordinasi sekelompok atom yang berdekatan dari <a href="/wiki/Ligan" title="Ligan">ligan</a> yang terikat pada atom pusat; itu ditunjukkan oleh karakter Yunani eta, η. Kompleks itrium adalah contoh pertama kompleks di mana ligan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karborana (halaman belum tersedia)">karboranil</a> terikat pada pusat logam-d0 melalui haptisitas-η7.<a href="#cite_note-Schumann-20">[20]</a> Penguapan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_interkalasi_grafit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa interkalasi grafit (halaman belum tersedia)">senyawa interkalasi grafit</a> dari grafit–Y atau grafit–Y2O3 mengarah pada pembentukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fulerena_endohedral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fulerena endohedral (halaman belum tersedia)">fulerena endohedral</a> seperti Y@C82.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a> Studi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resonansi_paramagnetik_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resonansi paramagnetik elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">resonansi spin elektron</a> menunjukkan pembentukan pasangan ion Y3+ dan (C82)3−.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbida" title="Karbida">Karbida</a> Y3C, Y2C, dan YC2 dapat dihidrolisis menjadi <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon">hidrokarbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop_dan_nukleosintesis">Isotop dan nukleosintesis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop dan nukleosintesis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop dan nukleosintesis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_itrium" title="Isotop itrium">Isotop itrium</a></div> Itrium di <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a> terbentuk melalui <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis_bintang" title="Nukleosintesis bintang">nukleosintesis bintang</a>, sebagian besar oleh <a href="/wiki/Proses_s" title="Proses s">proses-s</a> (≈72%), tetapi juga oleh <a href="/wiki/Proses_r" title="Proses r">proses-r</a> (≈28%).<a href="#cite_note-Pack-25">[25]</a> Proses-r terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Tangkapan_neutron" title="Tangkapan neutron">tangkapan neutron</a> cepat oleh unsur yang lebih ringan selama ledakan <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>. Proses-s adalah tangkapan <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> lambat dari unsur-unsur yang lebih ringan di dalam bintang <a href="/wiki/Raksasa_merah" title="Raksasa merah">raksasa merah</a> yang berdenyut.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-26">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mira_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bintik kuning berbentuk tidak beraturan dengan pinggiran merah pada latar belakang hitam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mira_1997.jpg/220px-Mira_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mira_1997.jpg/330px-Mira_1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mira_1997.jpg/440px-Mira_1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mira" title="Mira">Mira</a> adalah sebuah contoh jenis bintang raksasa merah tempat sebagian besar itrium di tata surya terbentuk</figcaption></figure> Isotop itrium adalah salah satu produk paling umum dari <a href="/wiki/Fisi_nuklir" title="Fisi nuklir">fisi nuklir</a> uranium dalam ledakan nuklir dan reaktor nuklir. Dalam konteks pengelolaan <a href="/wiki/Limbah_radioaktif" title="Limbah radioaktif">limbah nuklir</a>, isotop itrium yang paling penting adalah 91Y dan 90Y, dengan waktu paruh masing-masing 58,51 hari dan 64 jam.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a> Meskipun 90Y memiliki waktu paruh yang pendek, ia ada dalam <a href="/wiki/Kesetimbangan_sekuler" title="Kesetimbangan sekuler">kesetimbangan sekuler</a> dengan isotop induknya yang berumur panjang, <a href="/wiki/Stronsium-90" title="Stronsium-90">stronsium-90</a> (90Sr) dengan waktu paruh 29 tahun.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> Semua unsur golongan 3 memiliki <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> ganjil, dan oleh karena itu memiliki sedikit <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p946-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> memiliki satu <a href="/wiki/Nuklida_stabil" title="Nuklida stabil">isotop stabil</a>, dan itrium sendiri hanya memiliki satu isotop stabil, 89Y, yang juga merupakan satu-satunya isotop yang terbentuk secara alami. Namun, lantanida <a href="/wiki/Logam_tanah_jarang" title="Logam tanah jarang">tanah jarang</a> mengandung unsur-unsur dengan nomor atom genap dan memiliki banyak isotop stabil. 89Y dianggap lebih berlimpah daripada yang seharusnya, sebagian karena proses-s, yang memberikan cukup waktu bagi isotop yang dibuat oleh proses lain untuk meluruh melalui <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">emisi elektron</a> (neutron → proton).<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[a]</a> Proses yang lambat seperti itu cenderung mendukung isotop dengan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_massa" title="Nomor massa">nomor massa atom</a> (A = proton + neutron) sekitar 90, 138 dan 208, yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom">inti atom</a> stabil yang tidak biasa dengan masing-masing 50, 82, dan 126 neutron.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[b]</a> Kestabilan ini diperkirakan dihasilkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penampang_lintang_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penampang lintang neutron (halaman belum tersedia)">penampang tangkapan neutron</a> yang sangat rendah.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-26">[26]</a> Emisi elektron isotop dengan nomor massa tersebut kurang umum karena stabilitas ini, sehingga memiliki kelimpahan yang lebih tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> 89Y memiliki nomor massa mendekati 90 dan memiliki 50 neutron di dalam intinya. Setidaknya 32 isotop itrium sintetis telah teramati, dengan rentang nomor massa atom mulai dari 76 hingga 108.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a> Isotop yang paling tidak stabil adalah 106Y dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> >150 <a href="/wiki/Awalan_SI" title="Awalan SI">ns</a> (76Y memiliki waktu paruh >200 ns) dan yang paling stabil adalah 88Y dengan waktu paruh 106,626 hari.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a> Selain dari isotop 91Y, 87Y, dan 90Y, dengan waktu paruh masing-masing 58,51 hari, 79,8 jam, dan 64 jam, semua isotop lainnya memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari satu hari dan sebagian besar kurang dari satu jam.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a> Isotop itrium dengan nomor massa pada atau di bawah 88 meluruh terutama melalui <a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">emisi positron</a> (proton → neutron) untuk membentuk isotop <a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">stronsium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Z</a> = 38).<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a> Isotop itrium dengan nomor massa pada atau di atas 90 meluruh terutama melalui emisi elektron (neutron → proton) untuk membentuk isotop <a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">zirkonium</a> (Z = 40).<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a> Isotop dengan nomor massa pada atau di atas 97 juga diketahui memiliki jalur peluruhan lain, <a href="/wiki/Emisi_neutron" title="Emisi neutron">emisi neutron</a> β− tertunda, yang kecil.<a href="#cite_note-nubase-30">[28]</a> Itrium memiliki setidaknya 20 <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">isomer metastabil ("tereksitasi")</a> dengan nomor massa mulai dari 78 hingga 102.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[c]</a> Beberapa keadaan tereksitasi 80Y dan 97Y telah teramati.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-27">[27]</a> Walaupun sebagian besar isomer itrium diperkirakan kurang stabil daripada <a href="/wiki/Keadaan_dasar" title="Keadaan dasar">keadaan dasarnya</a>, 78mY, 84mY, 85mY, 96mY, 98m1Y, 100mY, dan 102mY memiliki waktu paruh lebih lama daripada keadaan dasarnya, karena isomer ini meluruh melalui peluruhan beta dan bukan <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir#Proses_peluruhan" title="Isomer nuklir">transisi isomeris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nubase-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pada tahun 1787, ahli kimia paruh waktu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Axel_Arrhenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Axel Arrhenius (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl Axel Arrhenius</a> menemukan batu hitam yang berat di sebuah tambang tua di dekat desa <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a> di Swedia (sekarang menjadi bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Stockholm" title="Kepulauan Stockholm">Kepulauan Stockholm</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-32">[29]</a> Mengira itu adalah mineral tak dikenal yang mengandung unsur <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a> yang baru ditemukan,<a href="#cite_note-Emsley496-33">[30]</a> dia menamainya iterbit (ytterbite)<a href="#cite_note-34">[d]</a> dan mengirim sampel ke berbagai ahli kimia untuk dianalisis.<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-32">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Johan_Gadolin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lukisan hitam putih seorang pemuda dengan syal di mantel. Rambutnya hanya dicat samar dan terlihat abu-abu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Johan_Gadolin.jpg/150px-Johan_Gadolin.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Johan_Gadolin.jpg/225px-Johan_Gadolin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Johan_Gadolin.jpg/300px-Johan_Gadolin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan Gadolin</a> menemukan itrium oksida</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (halaman belum tersedia)">Johan Gadolin</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Academy_of_Turku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Academy of Turku (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Åbo</a> mengidentifikasi oksida baru (atau "<a href="/wiki/Tanah_(kimia)" title="Tanah (kimia)">tanah</a>") dalam sampel Arrhenius pada tahun 1789, dan menerbitkan analisisnya yang lengkap pada tahun 1794.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[e]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Gustaf_Ekeberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Anders Gustaf Ekeberg</a> mengonfirmasi identifikasi tersebut pada tahun 1797 dan menamai oksida baru tersebut dengan itria (yttria).<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p944-37">[32]</a> Dalam beberapa dekade setelah <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> mengembangkan definisi modern pertama dari <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur-unsur kimia</a>, diyakini bahwa tanah dapat direduksi menjadi unsur-unsurnya sendiri, artinya penemuan tanah baru setara dengan penemuan unsur di dalamnya, yang dalam hal ini ialah yttrium.<a href="#cite_note-38">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beginnings-39">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Virginia-40">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weeks-41">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> dikreditkan dengan pertama kali mengisolasi logam itrium pada tahun 1828 dengan mereaksikan klorida yang mudah menguap yang dia yakini sebagai <a href="/wiki/Itrium(III)_klorida" title="Itrium(III) klorida">itrium klorida</a> dengan kalium.<a href="#cite_note-RSYttrium-42">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a> Pada tahun 1843, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Mosander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl Gustaf Mosander</a> menemukan bahwa sampel itria mengandung tiga oksida: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium oksida</a> putih (itria), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium(III,IV)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium(III,IV) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">terbium oksida</a> kuning (yang membingungkan, ini disebut 'erbia' pada saat itu) dan <a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_oksida" title="Erbium(III) oksida">erbium oksida</a> berwarna mawar (disebut 'terbia' pada saat itu).<a href="#cite_note-Heiserman-45">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> Oksida keempat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iterbium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iterbium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">iterbium oksida</a>, diisolasi pada tahun 1878 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> Unsur-unsur baru kemudian diisolasi dari masing-masing oksida tersebut, dan masing-masing unsur diberi nama, dengan cara tertentu, dari Ytterby, desa dekat tambang tempat mereka ditemukan (lihat <a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">iterbium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka115-48">[42]</a> Pada dekade berikutnya, tujuh logam baru lainnya ditemukan di "itria Gadolin".<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-32">[29]</a> Karena itria ditemukan sebagai mineral dan bukan oksida, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth">Martin Heinrich Klaproth</a> menamainya <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">gadolinit</a> untuk menghormati Gadolin.<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-32">[29]</a> Sampai awal 1920-an, lambang kimia Yt digunakan untuk unsur ini, setelah itu Y mulai umum digunakan.<a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[44]</a> Pada tahun 1987, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_barium_tembaga_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium barium tembaga oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium barium tembaga oksida</a> ditemukan mencapai <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas_suhu-tinggi" title="Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi">superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wu-51">[45]</a> Ia adalah bahan kedua yang diketahui menunjukkan sifat ini,<a href="#cite_note-Wu-51">[45]</a> dan ia adalah bahan pertama yang diketahui mencapai <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas" title="Superkonduktivitas">superkonduktivitas</a> di atas titik didih nitrogen (yang penting secara ekonomi).<a href="#cite_note-52">[g]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterjadian">Keterjadian</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Keterjadian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterjadian">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Xenot%C3%ADmio1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kristal coklat berbentuk tiga kolom dengan latar belakang putih" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Xenot%C3%ADmio1.jpeg/200px-Xenot%C3%ADmio1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Xenot%C3%ADmio1.jpeg/300px-Xenot%C3%ADmio1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Xenot%C3%ADmio1.jpeg/400px-Xenot%C3%ADmio1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Kristal <a href="/wiki/Xenotim" title="Xenotim">xenotim</a> mengandung itrium</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelimpahan">Kelimpahan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Kelimpahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelimpahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Itrium ditemukan di sebagian besar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_tanah_jarang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral tanah jarang (halaman belum tersedia)">mineral tanah jarang</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hammond-9">[9]</a> ditemukan di beberapa bijih <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, tetapi tidak pernah ditemukan di kerak bumi sebagai unsur bebas.<a href="#cite_note-53">[46]</a> Sekitar 31 <a href="/wiki/Notasi_bagian_per#Bagian_per_juta" title="Notasi bagian per">ppm</a> kerak Bumi adalah itrium,<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a> menjadikannya unsur paling melimpah ke-28, 400 kali lebih melimpah daripada <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-54">[47]</a> Itrium ditemukan di tanah dalam konsentrasi antara 10 dan 150 ppm (rata-rata berat kering 23 ppm) dan di air laut pada 9 <a href="/wiki/Notasi_bagian_per#Bagian_per_triliun" title="Notasi bagian per">ppt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-54">[47]</a> Sampel batuan Bulan yang dikumpulkan selama <a href="/wiki/Program_Apollo" title="Program Apollo">Proyek Apollo</a> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika</a> memiliki kandungan itrium yang relatif tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka115-48">[42]</a> Itrium tidak memiliki peran biologis yang diketahui, meskipun ditemukan di sebagian besar, jika tidak semua, organisme dan cenderung terkonsentrasi di hati, ginjal, limpa, paru-paru, dan tulang manusia.<a href="#cite_note-55">[48]</a> Biasanya, sesedikit 05 miligram (0,077 gr) ditemukan di seluruh tubuh manusia; <a href="/wiki/Air_susu_ibu" title="Air susu ibu">ASI</a> manusia mengandung 4 ppm.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-56">[49]</a> Itrium dapat ditemukan pada tanaman yang dapat dimakan dalam konsentrasi antara 20 ppm dan 100 ppm (berat segar), dengan <a href="/wiki/Kubis" title="Kubis">kubis</a> memiliki jumlah terbesar.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-56">[49]</a> Dengan sebanyak 700 ppm, biji tumbuhan berkayu memiliki konsentrasi tertinggi yang diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-56">[49]</a> Hingga April 2018<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit">[update]</a> ada laporan penemuan cadangan unsur tanah jarang yang sangat besar di sebuah pulau kecil di Jepang. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minamitorishima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minamitorishima (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulau Minami-Torishima</a>, juga dikenal sebagai Pulau Marcus, digambarkan memiliki "potensi luar biasa" untuk unsur tanah jarang dan itrium (rare-earth elements and yttrium, REY), menurut sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan dalam Scientific Reports. "Lumpur yang kaya REY ini memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber logam tanah jarang karena jumlah yang sangat besar tersedia dan fitur mineraloginya yang menguntungkan," tulis studi tersebut. Studi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 16 juta <a href="/wiki/Ton_pendek" title="Ton pendek">ton pendek</a> (15 miliar kilogram) unsur tanah jarang dapat "dieksploitasi dalam waktu dekat". Termasuk itrium (Y), yang digunakan dalam produk seperti lensa kamera dan layar ponsel, unsur tanah jarang yang ditemukan adalah europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), dan disprosium (Dy).<a href="#cite_note-57">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Produksi">Produksi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Karena itrium secara kimiawi mirip dengan lantanida, itrium terdapat dalam bijih yang sama (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_tanah_jarang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral tanah jarang (halaman belum tersedia)">mineral tanah jarang</a>) dan diekstraksi dengan proses pemurnian yang sama. Terdapat sedikit perbedaan antara unsur tanah jarang ringan (light rare-earth elements, LREE) dan berat (heavy rare-earth elements, HREE), tetapi perbedaannya tidaklah signifikan. Itrium terkonsentrasi pada golongan HREE karena ukuran ionnya, meskipun memiliki <a href="/wiki/Massa_atom" title="Massa atom">massa atom</a> yang lebih rendah.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kanazawaa-59">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yttrium_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sepotong logam abu-abu kotor berbentuk kubus kasar dengan struktur dangkal yang tidak rata." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yttrium_1.jpg/200px-Yttrium_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yttrium_1.jpg/300px-Yttrium_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Yttrium_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Sepotong itrium. Itrium sulit dipisahkan dari unsur tanah jarang lainnya.</figcaption></figure> Unsur tanah jarang (rare-earth elements, REE) berasal dari empat sumber utama:<a href="#cite_note-Naumov-60">[53]</a> <ul><li>Bijih yang mengandung karbonat dan fluorida seperti LREE <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastn%C3%A4sit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastnäsit (halaman belum tersedia)">bastnäsit</a> ([(Ce, La, dll.)(CO3)F]) mengandung rata-rata 0,1%<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a> dibandingkan dengan 99,9% untuk 16 REE lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a> Sumber utama bastnäsit dari tahun 1960-an hingga 1990-an adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_Mountain_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang Mountain Pass (halaman belum tersedia)">tambang tanah jarang Mountain Pass</a> di California, menjadikan Amerika Serikat produsen REE terbesar selama periode itu.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-60">[53]</a> Nama "bastnäsit" sebenarnya adalah nama golongan, dan akhiran Levinson digunakan dalam nama mineral yang benar, misalnya, bästnasit-(Y) memiliki Y sebagai unsur yang berlaku.<a href="#cite_note-61">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burke-62">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-nrmima.nrm.se-63">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasit" title="Monasit">Monasit</a> ([(<a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a>, dll.)<a href="/wiki/Fosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosfat">PO4</a>]), yang sebagian besar adalah fosfat, adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endapan_placer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endapan placer (halaman belum tersedia)">endapan placer</a> pasir yang dihasilkan oleh transportasi dan pemisahan gravitasi dari granit yang terkikis. Monasit sebagai bijih LREE mengandung 2%<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a> (atau 3%)<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka116-64">[57]</a> itrium. Deposit terbesar ditemukan di India dan Brasil pada awal abad ke-20, menjadikan kedua negara tersebut sebagai produsen itrium terbesar pada paruh pertama abad itu.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-60">[53]</a> Dari golongan monasit, anggota dominan-Ce, monasit-(Ce) adalah yang paling umum.<a href="#cite_note-65">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenotim" title="Xenotim">Xenotim</a>, sebuah REE fosfat, adalah bijih HREE utama yang mengandung itrium sebanyak 60% sebagai <a href="/wiki/Itrium(III)_fosfat" title="Itrium(III) fosfat">itrium fosfat</a> (YPO4).<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a> Ini berlaku untuk xenotim-(Y).<a href="#cite_note-Burke-62">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-nrmima.nrm.se-63">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[59]</a> Tambang terbesar adalah deposit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayan_Obo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayan Obo (halaman belum tersedia)">Bayan Obo</a> di Tiongkok, menjadikan Tiongkok sebagai pengekspor HREE terbesar sejak penutupan tambang Mountain Pass pada 1990-an.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-60">[53]</a></li> <li>Lempung penyerap ion atau lempung Lognan adalah produk pelapukan granit dan hanya mengandung 1% REE.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a> Konsentrat bijih akhir dapat mengandung itrium sebanyak 8%. Lempung penyerap ion sebagian besar berada di Tiongkok selatan.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-58">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-60">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[60]</a> Itrium juga ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Samarskite-(Y)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarskite-(Y)">samarskit</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fergusonit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fergusonit (halaman belum tersedia)">fergusonit</a> (yang juga merupakan singkatan dari nama golongannya).<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-54">[47]</a></li></ul> Salah satu metode untuk mendapatkan itrium murni dari bijih oksida campuran adalah dengan melarutkan oksida dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> dan memfraksionasinya dengan <a href="/wiki/Kromatografi" title="Kromatografi">kromatografi</a> <a href="/wiki/Pertukaran_ion" title="Pertukaran ion">pertukaran ion</a>. Dengan penambahan <a href="/wiki/Asam_oksalat" title="Asam oksalat">asam oksalat</a>, itrium oksalat akan mengendap. Oksalat tersebut diubah menjadi oksida dengan pemanasan di bawah oksigen. Dengan mereaksikan itrium oksida yang dihasilkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_fluorida" title="Hidrogen fluorida">hidrogen fluorida</a>, makan akan diperoleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium fluorida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holleman-68">[61]</a> Ketika garam amonium kuaterner digunakan sebagai ekstraktan, sebagian besar itrium akan tetap berada dalam fase berair. Ketika <a href="/wiki/Ion_lawan" title="Ion lawan">ion lawan</a> adalah nitrat, lantanida ringan dihilangkan, dan ketika ion lawan adalah tiosianat, lantanida berat dihilangkan. Dengan cara ini, garam itrium dengan kemurnian 99,999% akan diperoleh. Dalam situasi biasa, di mana itrium berada dalam campuran yang beratnya dua pertiga lantanida, itrium harus dihilangkan sesegera mungkin untuk memudahkan pemisahan unsur-unsur yang tersisa. Produksi itrium oksida dunia tahunan telah mencapai 600 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a> (660 <a href="/wiki/Ton_pendek" title="Ton pendek">ton pendek</a>) pada tahun 2001; pada tahun 2014 meningkat menjadi 6.400 ton (7.000 ton pendek).<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-54">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-mcs15-Y-69">[62]</a> Cadangan itrium oksida global diperkirakan pada tahun 2014 lebih dari 450.000 ton (500.000 ton pendek). Negara-negara terkemuka untuk cadangan ini ialah Amerika Serikat, Australia, Brasil, India, dan Tiongkok.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-mcs15-Y-69">[62]</a> Hanya beberapa ton logam itrium yang diproduksi setiap tahun dengan mereduksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium fluorida</a> menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Busa_logam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Busa logam (halaman belum tersedia)">spons logam</a> dengan paduan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>. Suhu <a href="/wiki/Tanur_busur_listrik" title="Tanur busur listrik">tanur busur</a> yang lebih besar dari 1.600 °C cukup untuk melelehkan itrium.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-54">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holleman-68">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsumen">Konsumen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Konsumen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konsumen">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Aperture_Grille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Empat puluh kolom titik oval, tinggi 30 titik. Pertama merah lalu hijau lalu biru. Kolom merah dimulai dengan hanya empat titik berwarna merah dari bawah menjadi lebih banyak dengan setiap kolom di sebelah kanan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aperture_Grille.jpg/220px-Aperture_Grille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aperture_Grille.jpg/330px-Aperture_Grille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Aperture_Grille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Itrium adalah salah satu unsur yang digunakan untuk membuat warna merah pada <a href="/wiki/Perangkat_televisi#CRT" title="Perangkat televisi">televisi CRT</a></figcaption></figure> Komponen merah pada <a href="/wiki/Tabung_sinar_katode" title="Tabung sinar katode">tabung sinar katoda</a> <a href="/wiki/Televisi_berwarna" title="Televisi berwarna">televisi berwarna</a> biasanya dipancarkan dari kisi inang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">itria (Y2O3)</a> atau itrium oksida sulfida (Y2O2S) yang <a href="/wiki/Doping_(semikonduktor)" title="Doping (semikonduktor)">didoping</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> kation <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium (III)</a> (Eu3+).<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[h]</a> Warna merah itu sendiri dipancarkan dari europium, sedangkan itrium mengumpulkan energi dari <a href="/wiki/Penembak_elektron" title="Penembak elektron">penembak elektron</a> dan meneruskannya ke fosfor.<a href="#cite_note-ECE818-71">[63]</a> Senyawa itrium dapat berfungsi sebagai kisi inang untuk doping dengan kation <a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">lantanida</a> yang berbeda. <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb3+</a> dapat digunakan sebagai agen doping untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Luminesensi" title="Luminesensi">luminesensi</a> hijau. Dengan demikian senyawa itrium seperti garnet aluminium itrium (YAG) berguna untuk fosfor dan merupakan komponen penting dari <a href="/wiki/Dioda_pemancar_cahaya" title="Dioda pemancar cahaya">LED</a> putih. Itria digunakan sebagai aditif <a href="/wiki/Penyinteran" title="Penyinteran">penyinteran</a> dalam produksi <a href="/wiki/Silikon_nitrida" title="Silikon nitrida">silikon nitrida</a> berpori.<a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a> Senyawa itrium digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Katalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalis">katalis</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Polimerisasi" title="Polimerisasi">polimerisasi</a> <a href="/wiki/Etena" title="Etena">etilena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> Sebagai logam, itrium digunakan pada elektroda beberapa <a href="/wiki/Busi" title="Busi">busi</a> berperforma tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-73">[65]</a> Itrium digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Kaus_lampu" title="Kaus lampu">mantel gas</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Lentera" title="Lentera">lentera</a> <a href="/wiki/Propana" title="Propana">propana</a> sebagai pengganti <a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">torium</a>, yang bersifat <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">radioaktif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a> Yang sedang dikembangkan saat ini adalah zirkonia yang distabilkan dengan itrium sebagai elektrolit padat dan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sensor_oksigen" title="Sensor oksigen">sensor oksigen</a> dalam sistem pembuangan mobil.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garnet">Garnet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Garnet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Garnet">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yag-rod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yag-rod.jpg/220px-Yag-rod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yag-rod.jpg/330px-Yag-rod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Yag-rod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Batang laser Nd:YAG berdiameter 0,5 cm (0,20 in)</figcaption></figure> Itrium digunakan dalam produksi berbagai macam <a href="/wiki/Batu_delima#Batu_delima_sintetis" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu delima">garnet sintetis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[67]</a> dan itria digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batu_delima_besi_itrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batu delima besi itrium (halaman belum tersedia)">garnet besi itrium</a> (Y3Fe5O12 atau YIG), yang merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filter_elektronik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filter elektronik (halaman belum tersedia)">filter</a> <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a> yang sangat efektif<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> yang baru-baru ini terbukti memiliki interaksi magnetik yang lebih kompleks dan rentang yang lebih panjang daripada yang dipahami selama empat dekade sebelumnya.<a href="#cite_note-76">[68]</a> Garnet itrium, <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> (misalnya Y 3(Fe,Al) 5O 12 dan Y 3(Fe,Gd) 5O 12) memiliki sifat <a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">magnetik</a> yang penting.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> YIG juga sangat efisien sebagai pemancar dan transduser energi akustik.<a href="#cite_note-77">[69]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batu_delima_aluminium_itrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batu delima aluminium itrium (halaman belum tersedia)">Garnet aluminium itrium</a> (Y3Al5O12 atau YAG) memiliki <a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">kekerasan</a> 8,5 dan juga digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Batu_permata" title="Batu permata">batu permata</a> dalam perhiasan (<a href="/wiki/Intan" title="Intan">berlian</a> tiruan).<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> Kristal garnet aluminium itrium yang didoping <a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">serium</a> (YAG:Ce) digunakan sebagai fosfor untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Dioda_pemancar_cahaya" title="Dioda pemancar cahaya">LED</a> putih.<a href="#cite_note-78">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[72]</a> YAG, itria, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_litium_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium litium fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium litium fluorida</a> (LiYF4), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_ortovanadat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium ortovanadat (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium ortovanadat</a> (YVO4) digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dopan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dopan (halaman belum tersedia)">dopan</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">neodimium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">iterbium</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a>-dekat.<a href="#cite_note-cw-81">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[74]</a> Laser YAG dapat beroperasi dengan daya tinggi dan digunakan untuk mengebor dan memotong logam.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka116-64">[57]</a> Kristal tunggal YAG yang didoping biasanya diproduksi melalui <a href="/wiki/Proses_Czochralski" title="Proses Czochralski">proses Czochralski</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peningkat_bahan">Peningkat bahan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Peningkat bahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peningkat bahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Sejumlah kecil itrium (0,1 hingga 0,2%) telah digunakan untuk mengurangi ukuran butir <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">molibdenum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">zirkonium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[76]</a> Itrium digunakan untuk meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Kekuatan_bahan" title="Kekuatan bahan">kekuatan</a> paduan aluminium dan <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> Penambahan itrium pada paduan umumnya meningkatkan kemampuan kerja, menambah ketahanan terhadap rekristalisasi suhu tinggi, dan secara signifikan meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">oksidasi</a> suhu tinggi (lihat pembahasan nodul grafit di bawah).<a href="#cite_note-ECE818-71">[63]</a> Itrium dapat digunakan untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deoksidisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deoksidisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">mendeoksidasi</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Logam_nonfero" title="Logam nonfero">logam nonfero</a> lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Itria</a> dapat menstabilkan <a href="/wiki/Zirkonia_kubik" title="Zirkonia kubik">bentuk kubik zirkonia</a> dalam perhiasan.<a href="#cite_note-85">[77]</a> Itrium telah dipelajari sebagai nodulator pada <a href="/wiki/Besi_ulet" title="Besi ulet">besi tuang ulet</a>, membentuk <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> menjadi nodul kompak, dan bukan serpihan untuk meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">keuletan</a> dan ketahanan lelah.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> Memiliki <a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">titik lebur</a> yang tinggi, itrium oksida digunakan di beberapa <a href="/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik">keramik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kaca" title="Kaca">kaca</a> untuk memberikan ketahanan terhadap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejutan_(mekanika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejutan (mekanika) (halaman belum tersedia)">kejutan</a> dan sifat <a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">ekspansi termal</a> yang rendah.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-12">[12]</a> Sifat yang sama membuat kaca seperti itu berguna dalam <a href="/wiki/Lensa_fotografi" title="Lensa fotografi">lensa kamera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-54">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medis">Medis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Medis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Medis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Isotop radioaktif <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium-90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium-90 (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium-90</a> digunakan dalam obat-obatan seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edotreotida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edotreotida (halaman belum tersedia)">Yttrium Y 90-DOTA-tyr3-octreotide</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibritumomab_tiuxetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibritumomab tiuxetan (halaman belum tersedia)">Yttrium Y 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan</a> untuk pengobatan berbagai jenis <a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a>, termasuk kanker <a href="/wiki/Limfoma" title="Limfoma">limfoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a>, hati, ovarium, kolorektal, pankreas, dan tulang.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-56">[49]</a> Ia bekerja dengan mengikuti <a href="/wiki/Antibodi_monoklonal" title="Antibodi monoklonal">antibodi monoklonal</a>, yang pada gilirannya mengikat sel kanker dan membunuhnya melalui <a href="/wiki/Partikel_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel beta">radiasi β</a> intens dari itrium-90 (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapi_antibodi_monoklonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapi antibodi monoklonal (halaman belum tersedia)">terapi antibodi monoklonal</a>).<a href="#cite_note-86">[78]</a> Sebuah teknik yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapi_radiasi_internal_selektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapi radiasi internal selektif (halaman belum tersedia)">radioembolisasi</a> digunakan untuk mengobati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karsinoma_hepatoseluler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karsinoma hepatoseluler (halaman belum tersedia)">karsinoma hepatoseluler</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_hati_metastatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit hati metastatik (halaman belum tersedia)">metastasis hati</a>. Radioembolisasi adalah terapi kanker rendah toksisitas yang menargetkan hati yang menggunakan jutaan manik-manik kecil yang terbuat dari kaca atau resin yang mengandung itrium-90. Mikrosfer radioaktif dikirim langsung ke pembuluh darah yang memberi makan tumor/segmen atau lobus hati tertentu. Ia bersifat invasif minimal dan pasien biasanya dapat dipulangkan setelah beberapa jam. Prosedur ini mungkin tidak menghilangkan semua tumor di seluruh hati, tetapi bekerja pada satu segmen atau satu lobus pada satu waktu dan mungkin memerlukan beberapa prosedur.<a href="#cite_note-87">[79]</a> Lihat juga radioembolisasi pada kasus sirosis gabungan dan karsinoma hepatoseluler. Jarum yang terbuat dari itrium-90, yang dapat memotong lebih akurat daripada pisau bedah, telah digunakan untuk memutus <a href="/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf">saraf</a> transmisi rasa sakit di <a href="/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang">sumsum tulang belakang</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Emsley496-33">[30]</a> dan itrium-90 juga digunakan untuk melakukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinovektomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinovektomi (halaman belum tersedia)">sinovektomi</a> radionuklida dalam pengobatan sendi yang meradang, terutama lutut, pada penderita kondisi seperti <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[80]</a> Laser garnet aluminium itrium yang didoping neodimium telah digunakan dalam percobaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostatektomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostatektomi (halaman belum tersedia)">prostatektomi</a> radikal berbantuan robot pada gigi taring dalam upaya untuk mengurangi kerusakan saraf dan jaringan kolateral,<a href="#cite_note-89">[81]</a> dan laser yang didoping erbium mulai digunakan untuk pelapisan kulit kosmetik.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superkonduktor">Superkonduktor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Superkonduktor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Superkonduktor">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas_suhu-tinggi" title="Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi">Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:YBCO-modified.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pil abu-abu gelap di kaca arloji. Sepotong kubik dari bahan yang sama di atas pil." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YBCO-modified.jpg/220px-YBCO-modified.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YBCO-modified.jpg/330px-YBCO-modified.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YBCO-modified.jpg/440px-YBCO-modified.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>Superkonduktor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_barium_tembaga_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium barium tembaga oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">YBCO</a></figcaption></figure> Itrium adalah bahan utama dalam <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas" title="Superkonduktivitas">superkonduktor</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_barium_tembaga_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium barium tembaga oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">itrium barium tembaga oksida</a> (YBa2Cu3O7, alias 'YBCO' atau '1-2-3') yang dikembangkan di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Alabama" title="Universitas Alabama">Universitas Alabama</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Houston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas Houston (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Houston</a> pada tahun 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Wu-51">[45]</a> Superkonduktor ini terkenal karena pengoperasian superkonduktivitas suhu di atas titik didih <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_cair" title="Nitrogen cair">nitrogen cair</a> (77,1 K).<a href="#cite_note-Wu-51">[45]</a> Karena nitrogen cair lebih murah daripada <a href="/wiki/Helium_cair" title="Helium cair">helium cair</a> yang diperlukan untuk superkonduktor logam, biaya pengoperasian untuk aplikasinya akan lebih sedikit. Bahan superkonduktor sebenarnya sering ditulis sebagai YBa2Cu3O7–d, di mana d harus kurang dari 0,7 untuk superkonduktivitas. Alasan untuk ini masih belum jelas, tetapi diketahui bahwa kekosongan hanya terjadi di tempat-tempat tertentu di kristal, bidang oksida tembaga, dan rantai, yang menimbulkan keadaan oksidasi yang aneh dari atom tembaga, yang entah bagaimana mengarah pada perilaku superkonduktor. Teori superkonduktivitas suhu rendah telah dipahami dengan baik sejak <a href="/wiki/Teori_BCS" title="Teori BCS">teori BCS</a> tahun 1957. Teori ini didasarkan pada kekhasan interaksi antara dua elektron dalam kisi kristal. Namun, teori BCS tidak menjelaskan superkonduktivitas suhu tinggi, dan mekanisme tepatnya masih menjadi misteri. Yang diketahui adalah bahwa komposisi bahan tembaga-oksida harus dikontrol secara tepat agar superkonduktivitas dapat terjadi.<a href="#cite_note-90">[82]</a> Superkonduktor ini adalah mineral berwarna hitam dan hijau, multikristal, dan multifase. Para peneliti sedang mempelajari kelas bahan yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Perovskit" title="Perovskit">perovskit</a> yang merupakan kombinasi alternatif dari unsur-unsur ini, berharap dapat mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas_suhu-tinggi" title="Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi">superkonduktor suhu-tinggi</a> yang praktis.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka116-64">[57]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baterai_litium">Baterai litium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Baterai litium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Baterai litium">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Itrium digunakan dalam jumlah kecil pada katoda beberapa <a href="/wiki/Baterai_litium_besi_fosfat" title="Baterai litium besi fosfat">baterai litium besi fosfat</a> (LFP), yang kemudian biasa disebut kimia LiFeYPO4, atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_besi_itrium_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium besi itrium fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">LYP</a>. Mirip dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litium_besi_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litium besi fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">LFP</a>, baterai LYP menawarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massa_jenis_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massa jenis energi (halaman belum tersedia)">kepadatan energi</a> yang tinggi, keamanan yang baik, dan masa pakai yang lama. Tetapi LYP menawarkan stabilitas <a href="/wiki/Katode" title="Katode">katoda</a> yang lebih tinggi, dan memperpanjang masa pakai baterai, dengan melindungi struktur fisik katoda, terutama pada suhu yang lebih tinggi dan arus pengisian/pengosongan yang lebih tinggi. Baterai LYP digunakan dalam aplikasi stasioner (sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Off-the-grid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Off-the-grid (halaman belum tersedia)">surya off-grid</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kendaraan_listrik" title="Kendaraan listrik">kendaraan listrik</a> (beberapa mobil), serta aplikasi lain (kapal selam, kapal), mirip dengan baterai LFP, tetapi seringkali dengan peningkatan keselamatan dan waktu siklus hidup. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evlithium.com/thunder-sky-winston-battery/">Sel LYP</a> pada dasarnya memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltase_nominal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voltase nominal (halaman belum tersedia)">voltase nominal</a> yang sama dengan LFP; 3,25 V, tetapi tegangan pengisian maksimum adalah 4,0 V,<a href="#cite_note-91">[83]</a> dan karakteristik pengisian dan pengosongan sangatlah mirip.<a href="#cite_note-92">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplikasi_lainnya">Aplikasi lainnya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi lainnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pada tahun 2009, Profesor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mas_Subramanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mas Subramanian (halaman belum tersedia)">Mas Subramanian</a> dan rekannya di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Negeri_Oregon" title="Universitas Negeri Oregon">Universitas Negeri Oregon</a> menemukan bahwa itrium dapat digabungkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">indium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a> untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Pigmen" title="Pigmen">pigmen</a> yang sangat <a href="/wiki/Biru" title="Biru">biru</a>, tidak beracun, lengai, dan tahan pudar, yaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biru_YInMn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biru YInMn (halaman belum tersedia)">biru YInMn</a>, pigmen biru baru pertama yang ditemukan dalam 200 tahun terakhir. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pencegahan">Pencegahan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Pencegahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencegahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Saat ini, itrium tidak memiliki peran biologis yang diketahui, dan dapat sangat <a href="/wiki/Toksisitas" title="Toksisitas">beracun</a> bagi manusia, hewan, dan tumbuhan.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> Senyawa itrium yang larut dalam air dianggap agak beracun, sedangkan senyawanya yang tidak larut tidak beracun.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-56">[49]</a> Dalam percobaan pada hewan, itrium dan senyawanya menyebabkan kerusakan paru-paru dan hati, meskipun toksisitas bervariasi dengan senyawa itrium yang berbeda. Pada tikus, inhalasi itrium sitrat menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Edema_paru" title="Edema paru">edema paru</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dispnea" title="Dispnea">dispnea</a>, sedangkan inhalasi <a href="/wiki/Itrium(III)_klorida" title="Itrium(III) klorida">itrium klorida</a> menyebabkan edema hati, <a href="/wiki/Efusi_pleura" title="Efusi pleura">efusi pleura</a>, dan hiperemia paru.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> Paparan senyawa itrium pada manusia dapat menyebabkan penyakit paru-paru.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> Pekerja yang terpapar debu itrium europium vanadat di udara mengalami iritasi ringan pada mata, kulit, dan saluran pernapasan bagian atas—meskipun hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh kandungan <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> dan bukan itrium.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> Paparan akut terhadap senyawa trium dapat menyebabkan sesak napas, batuk, nyeri dada, dan <a href="/wiki/Sianosis" title="Sianosis">sianosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrasi_Keselamatan_dan_Kesehatan_Kerja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (halaman belum tersedia)">Administrasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja</a> (OSHA) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_paparan_yang_diizinkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas paparan yang diizinkan (halaman belum tersedia)">membatasi</a> paparan itrium di tempat kerja hingga 1 mg/m3 (5,8×10−10 <a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">oz/cu in</a>) selama 8 jam kerja. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_paparan_yang_direkomendasikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas paparan yang direkomendasikan (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas paparan yang direkomendasikan</a> (recommended exposure limit, REL) <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">Institut Nasional untuk Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja</a> (NIOSH) adalah 1 mg/m3 (5,8×10−10 oz/cu in) selama 8 jam kerja. Pada kadar 500 mg/m3 (2,9×10−7 oz/cu in), itrium <a href="/w/index.php?title=IDLH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IDLH (halaman belum tersedia)">langsung berbahaya bagi kehidupan dan kesehatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[85]</a> Debu itrium sangat mudah terbakar.<a href="#cite_note-osha-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_science_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/27px-P_science_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/41px-P_science_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/54px-P_science_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="371" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal Kimia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Pada dasarnya, <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> sementara <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrino" title="Neutrino">antineutrino</a> dipancarkan. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Lihat: <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_ajaib_(fisika_nuklir)" title="Bilangan ajaib (fisika nuklir)">bilangan ajaib</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Isomer metastabil memiliki keadaan energi yang lebih tinggi dari normal daripada inti tak tereksitasi yang sesuai dan keadaan ini berlangsung sampai <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">sinar gama</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konversi_internal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konversi internal (halaman belum tersedia)">elektron konversi</a> dipancarkan dari isomer. Mereka dicirikan oleh 'm' yang ditempatkan di sebelah nomor massa isotopnya. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Ytterbite dinamai berdasarkan desa tempat ia ditemukan di dekatnya, ditambah akhiran -ite yang menunjukkan bahwa ia adalah mineral. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a href="#Stwertka1998">Stwertka 1998</a>, hlm. 115 mengatakan bahwa identifikasi terjadi pada tahun 1789 tetapi tidak disebutkan kapan pengumuman itu dibuat. <a href="#Krogt">Van der Krogt 2005</a> mengutip publikasi aslinya, dengan tahun <a href="#Gadolin1794">1794, oleh Gadolin</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Tanah diberi akhiran -a dan unsur-unsur baru biasanya diberi akhiran -ium. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Titik_kritis_(termodinamika)" title="Titik kritis (termodinamika)">Tc</a> untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_barium_tembaga_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium barium tembaga oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">YBCO</a> adalah 93 K dan titik didih nitrogen adalah 77 K. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, hlm. 497 mengatakan bahwa "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_oksisulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium oksisulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Itrium oksisulfida</a>, didoping dengan europium (III), digunakan sebagai komponen merah standar dalam televisi berwarna", dan Jackson dan Christiansen (1993) menyatakan bahwa diperlukan 5–10 g itrium oksida dan 0,5–1 g europium oksida untuk memproduksi satu layar TV, seperti dikutip dari <a href="#Gupta">Gupta dan Krishnamurthy</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> (Indonesia) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/itrium">"Itrium"</a>. KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&rft.atitle=Itrium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fitrium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloke1993-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cloke1993_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cloke1993_2-1">b</a> Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see <cite class="citation journal">Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCS9932200017">10.1039/CS9932200017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Soc.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Zero+Oxidation+State+Compounds+of+Scandium%2C+Yttrium%2C+and+the+Lanthanides&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=17-24&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCS9932200017&rft.aulast=Cloke&rft.aufirst=F.+Geoffrey+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  and <cite class="citation journal">Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028">10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Arene+complexation+of+Sm%2C+Eu%2C+Tm+and+Yb+atoms%3A+a+variable+temperature+spectroscopic+investigation&rft.volume=688&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=49-55&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Polly+L.&rft.au=Petrukhina%2C+Marina+A.&rft.au=Bochenkov%2C+Vladimir+E.&rft.au=Shabatina%2C+Tatyana+I.&rft.au=Zagorskii%2C+Vyacheslav+V.&rft.au=Cloke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-magnet-3"><a href="#cite_ref-magnet_3-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (PDF) (edisi ke-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0486-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magnetic+susceptibility+of+the+elements+and+inorganic+compounds&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.edition=86&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110303222309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felementmagn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC1-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC1_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC1_5-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Connelly N G; Damhus T; Hartshorn R M; Hutton A T, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304204436/http://www.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf">Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations 2005</a> (PDF). RSC Publishing. hlm. 51. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85404-438-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85404-438-2">978-0-85404-438-2</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.iupac.org/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 4 Maret 2009. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Inorganic+Chemistry%3A+IUPAC+Recommendations+2005&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=RSC+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-85404-438-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.iupac.org%2Fbooks%2Frbook%2FRed_Book_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-7">h</a> <cite class="citation book">Cotton, Simon A. (15 Maret 2006). "Scandium, Yttrium & the Lanthanides: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry". Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia211">10.1002/0470862106.ia211</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-86078-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-86078-6">978-0-470-86078-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scandium%2C+Yttrium+%26+the+Lanthanides%3A+Inorganic+%26+Coordination+Chemistry&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.date=2006-03-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F0470862106.ia211&rft.isbn=978-0-470-86078-6&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Simon+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-osha-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_7-7">h</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302060936/https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/yttriumandcompounds/recognition.html">"Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Yttrium and Compounds"</a>. United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 11 Januari 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/yttriumandcompounds/recognition.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 Maret 2013. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Occupational+Safety+and+Health+Guideline+for+Yttrium+and+Compounds&rft.pub=United+States+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+Administration&rft.date=2007-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osha.gov%2FSLTC%2Fhealthguidelines%2Fyttriumandcompounds%2Frecognition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) (teks domain publik) </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p946-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p946_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p946_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, hlm. 946 </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammond-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_9-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Hammond, C. R. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626181434/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">"Yttrium"</a> (PDF). The Elements. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermi_National_Accelerator_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (halaman belum tersedia)">Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory</a>. hlm. 4–33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-04-910081-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-04-910081-7">978-0-04-910081-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 26 Juni 2008. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yttrium&rft.btitle=The+Elements&rft.pages=4-33&rft.pub=Fermi+National+Accelerator+Laboratory&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-04-910081-7&rft.au=Hammond%2C+C.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Keelektronegatifan skandium dan itrium berada di antara <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE817-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_11-9">j</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, hlm. 817 </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC2008-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_12-12">m</a> <cite class="citation book">Lide, David R., ed. (2007–2008). "Yttrium". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 4. New York: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. hlm. 41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-0488-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-0488-0">978-0-8493-0488-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yttrium&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2007%2F2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0488-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley498-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley498_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley498_13-1">b</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, hlm. 498 </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE810-14"><a href="#cite_ref-ECE810_14-0">^</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, hlm. 810. </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE815-15"><a href="#cite_ref-ECE815_15-0">^</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, hlm. 815. </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p945-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p945_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, hlm. 945 </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p1234-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1234_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, hlm. 1234 </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p948-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p948_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, hlm. 948 </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p947-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p947_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, hlm. 947 </li> <li id="cite_note-Schumann-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schumann_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schumann_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schumann_20-2">c</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Schumann, Herbert; Fedushkin, Igor L. (2006). "Scandium, Yttrium & The Lanthanides: Organometallic Chemistry". Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia212">10.1002/0470862106.ia212</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-86078-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-86078-6">978-0-470-86078-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scandium%2C+Yttrium+%26+The+Lanthanides%3A+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F0470862106.ia212&rft.isbn=978-0-470-86078-6&rft.aulast=Schumann&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft.au=Fedushkin%2C+Igor+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mikheev1992-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Mikheev1992_21-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Nikolai B., Mikheev; Auerman, L. N.; Rumer, Igor A.; Kamenskaya, Alla N.; Kazakevich, M. Z. (1992). "The anomalous stabilisation of the oxidation state 2+ of lanthanides and actinides". Russian Chemical Reviews. 61 (10): 990–998. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992RuCRv..61..990M">1992RuCRv..61..990M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1070%2FRC1992v061n10ABEH001011">10.1070/RC1992v061n10ABEH001011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+anomalous+stabilisation+of+the+oxidation+state+2%2B+of+lanthanides+and+actinides&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=990-998&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1070%2FRC1992v061n10ABEH001011&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992RuCRv..61..990M&rft.aulast=Nikolai+B.&rft.aufirst=Mikheev&rft.au=Auerman%2C+L.+N.&rft.au=Rumer%2C+Igor+A.&rft.au=Kamenskaya%2C+Alla+N.&rft.au=Kazakevich%2C+M.+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kang2005-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Kang2005_22-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kang, Weekyung; E. R. Bernstein (2005). "Formation of Yttrium Oxide Clusters Using Pulsed Laser Vaporization". Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 26 (2): 345–348. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5012%2Fbkcs.2005.26.2.345">10.5012/bkcs.2005.26.2.345</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Korean+Chem.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Formation+of+Yttrium+Oxide+Clusters+Using+Pulsed+Laser+Vaporization&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=345-348&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5012%2Fbkcs.2005.26.2.345&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Weekyung&rft.au=E.+R.+Bernstein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Turner, Francis M. Jr.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/condchemdiction00chemrich">The Condensed Chemical Dictionary</a>. New York: Chemical Catalog Company. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/condchemdiction00chemrich/page/492">492</a>. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023. <q>Yttrium chloride.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Condensed+Chemical+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=492&rft.pub=Chemical+Catalog+Company&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Francis+M.+Jr.&rft.au=Berolzheimer%2C+Daniel+D.&rft.au=Cutter%2C+William+P.&rft.au=Helfrich%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcondchemdiction00chemrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Spencer, James F. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/metalsrareearth00spengoog">The Metals of the Rare Earths</a>. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/metalsrareearth00spengoog/page/n151">135</a>. Diakses tanggal 12 Agustus 2008. <q>Yttrium chloride.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Metals+of+the+Rare+Earths&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co.&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmetalsrareearth00spengoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Pack-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Pack_25-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pack, Andreas; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sara_Russell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sara Russell (halaman belum tersedia)">Sara S. Russell</a>; J. Michael G. Shelley; Mark van Zuilen (2007). "Geo- and cosmochemistry of the twin elements yttrium and holmium". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 71 (18): 4592–4608. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007GeCoA..71.4592P">2007GeCoA..71.4592P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2007.07.010">10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Geo-+and+cosmochemistry+of+the+twin+elements+yttrium+and+holmium&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=4592-4608&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gca.2007.07.010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007GeCoA..71.4592P&rft.aulast=Pack&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Sara+S.+Russell&rft.au=J.+Michael+G.+Shelley&rft.au=Mark+van+Zuilen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p12-13_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p12-13_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p12-13_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p12-13_26-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, hlm. 12–13 </li> <li id="cite_note-NNDC-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_27-7">h</a> <cite class="citation web">Alejandro A. Sonzogni (Database Manager), ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721051025/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/">"Chart of Nuclides"</a>. Upton, New York: National Nuclear Data Center, <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 Juli 2011. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chart+of+Nuclides&rft.place=Upton%2C+New+York&rft.pub=National+Nuclear+Data+Center%2C+Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fchart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-nubase-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_30-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003" class="citation">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document">"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a>, Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Krogt-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_32-3">d</a> <a href="#Krogt">Van der Krogt 2005</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley496-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley496_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley496_33-1">b</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, hlm. 496 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a href="#Gadolin1794">Gadolin 1794</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p944-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p944_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, hlm. 944 </li> <li id="cite_note-Beginnings-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Beginnings_39-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unt.edu/~jimm/REDISCOVERY%207-09-2018/Hexagon%20Articles/rare%20earths%20I.pdf">"Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Beginnings"</a> (PDF). The Hexagon: 41–45. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hexagon&rft.atitle=Rediscovery+of+the+elements%3A+The+Rare+Earths%E2%80%93The+Beginnings&rft.pages=41-45&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=James+L.+Marshall&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Virginia+R.+Marshall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.unt.edu%2F~jimm%2FREDISCOVERY%25207-09-2018%2FHexagon%2520Articles%2Frare%2520earths%2520I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Virginia-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Virginia_40-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unt.edu/~jimm/REDISCOVERY%207-09-2018/Hexagon%20Articles/rare%20earths%20II.pdf">"Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Confusing Years"</a> (PDF). The Hexagon: 72–77. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hexagon&rft.atitle=Rediscovery+of+the+elements%3A+The+Rare+Earths%E2%80%93The+Confusing+Years&rft.pages=72-77&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=James+L.+Marshall&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Virginia+R.+Marshall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.unt.edu%2F~jimm%2FREDISCOVERY%25207-09-2018%2FHexagon%2520Articles%2Frare%2520earths%2520II.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Weeks-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Weeks_41-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp">The discovery of the elements</a> (edisi ke-6). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements&rft.place=Easton%2C+PA&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveryoftheel002045mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-RSYttrium-42"><a href="#cite_ref-RSYttrium_42-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/39/yttrium">"Yttrium"</a>. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2020. 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Annalen der Physik. 89 (8): 577–582. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1828AnP....89..577W">1828AnP....89..577W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18280890805">10.1002/andp.18280890805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Ueber+das+Beryllium+und+Yttrium&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=577-582&rft.date=1828&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.18280890805&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1828AnP....89..577W&rft.aulast=W%C3%B6hler&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1423522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Heiserman, David L. (1992). "Element 39: Yttrium". Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. New York: TAB Books. hlm. 150–152. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8306-3018-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8306-3018-X">0-8306-3018-X</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Heiserman-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Heiserman_45-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Heiserman, David L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exploringchemica01heis">"Carl Gustaf Mosander and his Research on rare Earths"<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. New York: TAB Books. hlm. 41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8306-3018-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8306-3018-9">978-0-8306-3018-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carl+Gustaf+Mosander+and+his+Research+on+rare+Earths&rft.btitle=Exploring+Chemical+Elements+and+their+Compounds&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=TAB+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8306-3018-9&rft.aulast=Heiserman&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexploringchemica01heis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Mosander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander (halaman belum tersedia)">Mosander, Carl Gustaf</a> (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1423592">"Ueber die das Cerium begleitenden neuen Metalle Lathanium und Didymium, so wie über die mit der Yttererde vorkommen-den neuen Metalle Erbium und Terbium"</a>. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 60 (2): 297–315. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1843AnP...136..297M">1843AnP...136..297M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18431361008">10.1002/andp.18431361008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik+und+Chemie&rft.atitle=Ueber+die+das+Cerium+begleitenden+neuen+Metalle+Lathanium+und+Didymium%2C+so+wie+%C3%BCber+die+mit+der+Yttererde+vorkommen-den+neuen+Metalle+Erbium+und+Terbium&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=297-315&rft.date=1843&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.18431361008&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1843AnP...136..297M&rft.au=Mosander%2C+Carl+Gustaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1423592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"Ytterbium". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ytterbium&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Stwertka115-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka115_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka115_48-1">b</a> <a href="#Stwertka1998">Stwertka 1998</a>, hlm. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Coplen, Tyler B.; Peiser, H. S. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1236255">"History of the Recommended Atomic-Weight Values from 1882 to 1997: A Comparison of Differences from Current Values to the Estimated Uncertainties of Earlier Values (Technical Report)"</a>. Pure Appl. Chem. 70 (1): 237–257. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac199870010237">10.1351/pac199870010237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Recommended+Atomic-Weight+Values+from+1882+to+1997%3A+A+Comparison+of+Differences+from+Current+Values+to+the+Estimated+Uncertainties+of+Earlier+Values+%28Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=237-257&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac199870010237&rft.aulast=Coplen&rft.aufirst=Tyler+B.&rft.au=Peiser%2C+H.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1236255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Dinér, Peter (Februari 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.2442">"Yttrium from Ytterby"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=minerals.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Frare_earths%2Fmcs-2015-yttri.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE818-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECE818_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE818_71-1">b</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, hlm. 818 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US5935888">US patent 5935888</a>, "Porous silicon nitride with rodlike grains oriented", dikeluarkan tanggal 10 Agustus 1998, diberikan kepada Agency Ind Science Techn (JP) dan Fine Ceramics Research Ass (JP)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=5935888&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Porous+silicon+nitride+with+rodlike+grains+oriented&rft.assignee=Agency+Ind+Science+Techn+%28JP%29&rft.date=10 Agustus 1998">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Carley, Larry (Desember 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501064053/http://www.babcox.com/editorial/cm/cm120032.htm">"Spark Plugs: What's Next After Platinum?"</a>. Counterman. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babcox.com/editorial/cm/cm120032.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 1 Mei 2008. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Counterman&rft.atitle=Spark+Plugs%3A+What%27s+Next+After+Platinum%3F&rft.date=2000-12&rft.aulast=Carley&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.babcox.com%2Feditorial%2Fcm%2Fcm120032.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4533317">US patent 4533317</a>, Addison, Gilbert J., "Yttrium oxide mantles for fuel-burning lanterns", dikeluarkan tanggal 6 Agustus 1985, diberikan kepada The Coleman Company, Inc.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=4533317&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Yttrium+oxide+mantles+for+fuel-burning+lanterns&rft.inventor=Addison%2C+Gilbert+J.&rft.assignee=The+Coleman+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=6 Agustus 1985">  </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Jaffe, H. 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Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 430 (1–2): 339–343. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2006.05.023">10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alloys+and+Compounds&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+characterization+of+yttrium+iron+garnet+%28YIG%29+nanocrystalline+powders+by+auto-combustion+of+nitrate-citrate+gel&rft.volume=430&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=339-343&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2006.05.023&rft.aulast=Vajargah&rft.aufirst=S.+Hosseini&rft.au=Madaahhosseini%2C+H.&rft.au=Nemati%2C+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6409938">US patent 6409938</a>, Comanzo Holly Ann, "Aluminum fluoride flux synthesis method for producing cerium doped YAG", dikeluarkan tanggal 25 Juni 2002, diberikan kepada General Electrics<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=6409938&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Aluminum+fluoride+flux+synthesis+method+for+producing+cerium+doped+YAG&rft.inventor=Comanzo+Holly+Ann&rft.assignee=General+Electrics&rft.date=25 Juni 2002">  </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <cite class="citation book">GIA Gem Reference Guide. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemological_Institute_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemological Institute of America (halaman belum tersedia)">Gemological Institute of America</a>. 1995. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87311-019-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87311-019-8">978-0-87311-019-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GIA+Gem+Reference+Guide&rft.pub=Gemological+Institute+of+America&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-87311-019-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kiss, Z. 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Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 67 (4): 91–300. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FJSC0204291G">10.2298/JSC0204291G</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Serbian+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=The+growth+of+Nd%3A+YAG+single+crystals&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=91-300&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FJSC0204291G&rft.au=Golubovi%C4%87%2C+Aleksandar+V.&rft.au=Nikoli%C4%87%2C+Slobodanka+N.&rft.au=Gaji%C4%87%2C+Rado%C5%A1&rft.au=%C4%90uri%C4%87%2C+Stevan&rft.au=Val%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Andreja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/39.shtml">"Yttrium"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/students/berg/cz.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 September 2008. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cubic+Zirconia&rft.pub=Emporia+State+University&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporia.edu%2Fearthsci%2Famber%2Fgo340%2Fstudents%2Fberg%2Fcz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Adams, Gregory P.; et al. (2004). "A Single Treatment of Yttrium-90-labeled CHX-A–C6.5 Diabody Inhibits the Growth of Established Human Tumor Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice". Cancer Research. 64 (17): 6200–6206. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-03-2382">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2382</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342405">15342405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=A+Single+Treatment+of+Yttrium-90-labeled+CHX-A%E2%80%93C6.5+Diabody+Inhibits+the+Growth+of+Established+Human+Tumor+Xenografts+in+Immunodeficient+Mice&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=6200-6206&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-03-2382&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15342405&rft.au=Adams%2C+Gregory+P.&rft.au=Shaller%2C+C.+C.&rft.au=Dadachova%2C+E.&rft.au=Simmons%2C+H.+H.&rft.au=Horak%2C+E.+M.&rft.au=Tesfaye%2C+A.&rft.au=Klein-Szanto+A.+J.&rft.au=Marks%2C+J.+D.&rft.au=Brechbiel%2C+M.+W.&rft.au=Weiner%2C+L.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Salem, R; Lewandowski, R. J (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3800021">"Chemoembolization and Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma"</a>. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 11 (6): 604–611. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cgh.2012.12.039">10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.039</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3800021">3800021</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357493">23357493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Gastroenterology+and+Hepatology&rft.atitle=Chemoembolization+and+Radioembolization+for+Hepatocellular+Carcinoma&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=604-611&rft.date=2013&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3800021&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23357493&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cgh.2012.12.039&rft.aulast=Salem&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Lewandowski%2C+R.+J&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3800021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Fischer, M.; Modder, G. (2002). "Radionuclide therapy of inflammatory joint diseases". Nuclear Medicine Communications. 23 (9): 829–831. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00006231-200209000-00003">10.1097/00006231-200209000-00003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12195084">12195084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Medicine+Communications&rft.atitle=Radionuclide+therapy+of+inflammatory+joint+diseases&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=829-831&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00006231-200209000-00003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12195084&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Modder%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gianduzzo, Troy; Colombo, Jose R. Jr.; Haber, Georges-Pascal; Hafron, Jason; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina; Aron, Monish; Gill, Inderbir S.; Kaouk, Jihad H. (2008). "Laser robotically assisted nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: a pilot study of technical feasibility in the canine model". BJU International. 102 (5): 598–602. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1464-410X.2008.07708.x">10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07708.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694410">18694410</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BJU+International&rft.atitle=Laser+robotically+assisted+nerve-sparing+radical+prostatectomy%3A+a+pilot+study+of+technical+feasibility+in+the+canine+model&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=598-602&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-410X.2008.07708.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18694410&rft.aulast=Gianduzzo&rft.aufirst=Troy&rft.au=Colombo%2C+Jose+R.+Jr.&rft.au=Haber%2C+Georges-Pascal&rft.au=Hafron%2C+Jason&rft.au=Magi-Galluzzi%2C+Cristina&rft.au=Aron%2C+Monish&rft.au=Gill%2C+Inderbir+S.&rft.au=Kaouk%2C+Jihad+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/century/html/ybco_text.htm">"Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide – YBCO"</a>. Imperial College. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yttrium+Barium+Copper+Oxide+%E2%80%93+YBCO&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch.ic.ac.uk%2Frzepa%2Fmim%2Fcentury%2Fhtml%2Fybco_text.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evlithium.com/thunder-sky-winston-battery/lifepo4-40ah.html">"40Ah Thunder Sky Winston LiFePO4 Battery WB-LYP40AHA"</a>. www.evlithium.com. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.evlithium.com&rft.atitle=40Ah+Thunder+Sky+Winston+LiFePO4+Battery+WB-LYP40AHA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evlithium.com%2Fthunder-sky-winston-battery%2Flifepo4-40ah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@balqon/lithium-yttrium-iron-phosphate-battery-abe28c943498">"Lithium Yttrium Iron Phosphate Battery"</a>. 22 Agustus 2013. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithium+Yttrium+Iron+Phosphate+Battery&rft.date=2013-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40balqon%2Flithium-yttrium-iron-phosphate-battery-abe28c943498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0673.html">"CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Yttrium"</a>. www.cdc.gov. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=CDC+%E2%80%93+NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards+%E2%80%93+Yttrium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0673.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="Daane1968" class="citation book">Daane, A. H. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp">"Yttrium"<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Dalam Hampel, Clifford A. The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp/page/810">810–821</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/68029938">68029938</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/449569">449569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yttrium&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Chemical+Elements&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=810-821&rft.pub=Reinhold+Book+Corporation&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F449569&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F68029938&rft.aulast=Daane&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch00hamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Emsley2001" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Emsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Emsley (halaman belum tersedia)">Emsley, John</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/495">"Yttrium"</a>. Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, Inggris, UK: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/495">495–498</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-850340-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-850340-8">978-0-19-850340-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yttrium&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A%E2%80%93Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Inggris%2C+UK&rft.pages=495-498&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850340-8&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturesbuildingb0000emsl%2Fpage%2F495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Gadolin1794" class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (halaman belum tersedia)">Gadolin, Johan</a> (1794). "Undersökning af en svart tung Stenart ifrån Ytterby Stenbrott i Roslagen". Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar. 15: 137–155.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kongl.+Vetenskaps+Academiens+Nya+Handlingar&rft.atitle=Unders%C3%B6kning+af+en+svart+tung+Stenart+ifr%C3%A5n+Ytterby+Stenbrott+i+Roslagen&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=137-155&rft.date=1794&rft.aulast=Gadolin&rft.aufirst=Johan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGreenwood1997" class="citation book">Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (edisi ke-2). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7506-3365-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7506-3365-9">978-0-7506-3365-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-3365-9&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Gupta" class="citation book">Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623013009/http://vector.umd.edu/links_files/Extractive%20Metallurgy%20of%20Rare%20Earths%20%28Gupta%29.pdf">"Ch. 1.7.10 Phosphors"</a> (PDF). Extractive metallurgy of rare earths. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-33340-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-33340-5">978-0-415-33340-5</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vector.umd.edu/images/links/Extractive_Metallurgy_of_Rare_Earths_Gupta.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2012-06-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+1.7.10+Phosphors&rft.btitle=Extractive+metallurgy+of+rare+earths&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-33340-5&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=C.+K.&rft.au=Krishnamurthy%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvector.umd.edu%2Fimages%2Flinks%2FExtractive_Metallurgy_of_Rare_Earths_Gupta.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="Stwertka1998" class="citation book">Stwertka, Albert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe">"Yttrium"<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Guide to the Elements (edisi ke-Revisi). Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe/page/115">115–116</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-508083-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-508083-4">978-0-19-508083-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yttrium&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.pages=115-116&rft.edition=Revisi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508083-4&rft.aulast=Stwertka&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetoelements00stwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Krogt" class="citation web">van der Krogt, Peter (5 Mei 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Y">"39 Yttrium"</a>. Elementymology & Elements Multidict. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&rft.atitle=39+Yttrium&rft.date=2005-05-05&rft.aulast=van+der+Krogt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar" style="width:auto;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Sumber pustaka</a> mengenai Itrium <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/ftl?st=wp&su=Itrium&library=OLBP">Buku daring</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/ftl?st=wp&su=Itrium">Sumber di perpustakaan Anda</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/ftl?st=wp&su=Itrium&library=0CHOOSE0">Sumber di perpustakaan lain</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US5734166">US patent 5734166</a>, Czirr John B., "Low-energy neutron detector based upon lithium lanthanide borate scintillators", dikeluarkan tanggal 31 Maret 1998, diberikan kepada Mission Support Inc.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=5734166&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Low-energy+neutron+detector+based+upon+lithium+lanthanide+borate+scintillators&rft.inventor=Czirr+John+B.&rft.assignee=Mission+Support+Inc.&rft.date=31 Maret 1998"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/strontium.html#healtheffects">"Strontium: Health Effects of Strontium-90"</a>. US Environmental Protection Agency. 31 Juli 2008. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strontium%3A+Health+Effects+of+Strontium-90&rft.pub=US+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Frpdweb00%2Fradionuclides%2Fstrontium.html%23healtheffects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubsapp.acs.org/cen/80th/yttrium.html">Yttrium oleh Paul C.W. Chu di acs.org</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/039.htm">Yttrium</a> di <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (Universitas Nottingham)</li> <li><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Yttrium" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Yttrium">Yttrium</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (edisi ke-11). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yttrium&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AItrium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-39193-9_145-1">Encyclopedia of Geochemistry - Yttrium</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/itrium" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/itrium">itrium</a> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" class="extiw" title="commons:Yttrium">Yttrium</a>.</div></div> </div> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">(besar)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garnet_itrium_aluminium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garnet itrium aluminium (halaman belum tersedia)">Y3Al5O12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_borida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium borida (halaman belum tersedia)">YB6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) bromida (halaman belum tersedia)">YBr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itrium(III)_klorida" title="Itrium(III) klorida">YCl3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium(III)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium(III) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">YF3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)">YN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrium_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrium fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">YPO4</a></li> <li><a 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