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id="toc-Career_beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Association_with_von_Sternberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_von_Sternberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Association with von Sternberg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_von_Sternberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_later_1930s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_later_1930s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 The later 1930s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_later_1930s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_film_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_film_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Later film career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_film_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stage_and_cabaret" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage_and_cabaret"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Stage and cabaret </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage_and_cabaret-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Paris years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Death and estate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Political views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Writing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting/Drawing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting/Drawing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Painting/Drawing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting/Drawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Marlene Dietrich</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 160 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-160" aria-hidden="true" > 160 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="مارلينه ديتريش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارلينه ديتريش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marl%C3%A8ne_Dietrich" title="Marlène Dietrich – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Marlène Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="মাৰ্লিন ডিট্ৰিস – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাৰ্লিন ডিট্ৰিস" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlen_Ditrix" title="Marlen Ditrix – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marlen Ditrix" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A6_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="مارلنئ دیتریش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارلنئ دیتریش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6" title="মারলেনে ডিট্রিশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মারলেনে ডিট্রিশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Марлен Дзітрых – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марлен Дзітрых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Марлен Дытрых – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Марлен Дытрых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлене Дитрих – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Марлене Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Дитрих, Марлен – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дитрих, Марлен" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrichov%C3%A1" title="Marlene Dietrichová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marlene Dietrichová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87" title="Μαρλέν Ντίτριχ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρλέν Ντίτριχ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="مارلنه دیتریش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارلنه دیتریش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9_%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%87" title="𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍇 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍇" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%BC%EB%A0%88%EB%84%A4_%EB%94%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88" title="마를레네 디트리히 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마를레네 디트리히" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD" title="Մառլեն Դիտրիխ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մառլեն Դիտրիխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मार्लेन डीट्रिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मार्लेन डीट्रिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96" title="মার্লিন ডিট্রিখ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মার্লিন ডিট্রিখ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A" title="מרלן דיטריך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרלן דיטריך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಾರ್ಲೀನ್ ಡೈಟ್ರೀಶ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾರ್ಲೀನ್ ಡೈಟ್ರೀಶ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="მარლენ დიტრიხი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარლენ დიტრიხი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Дитрих, Марлен – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Дитрих, Марлен" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marl%C4%93na_D%C4%ABtriha" title="Marlēna Dītriha – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marlēna Dītriha" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marl%C3%A8ne_Dietrich" title="Marlène Dietrich – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Marlène Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मार्लिन डिट्रिक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मार्लिन डिट्रिक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" title="മാർലിൻ ഡീട്രിച്ച് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാർലിൻ ഡീട്രിച്ച്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="मार्लीन डीट्रिच – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मार्लीन डीट्रिच" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="მარლენ დიტრიხი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარლენ დიტრიხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="مارلين ديتريتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارلين ديتريتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="مارلین دیتریش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مارلین دیتریش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлене Дийтрих – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Марлене Дийтрих" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA" title="မာလင်း ဒိုင်းထရစ်ချ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မာလင်း ဒိုင်းထရစ်ချ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मार्लेना डिट्रिक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मार्लेना डिट्रिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="मार्लीन डायट्रिच – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मार्लीन डायट्रिच" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92" title="マレーネ・ディートリヒ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マレーネ・ディートリヒ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Дитрих, Марлен – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дитрих, Марлен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marliinaa_Diitiriish" title="Marliinaa Diitiriish – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Marliinaa Diitiriish" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A" title="ਮਾਰਲੀਨ ਡੀਟਰਿਚ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰਲੀਨ ਡੀਟਰਿਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%86" title="مارلین ڈائٹرچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مارلین ڈائٹرچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlen_Ditrih" title="Marlen Ditrih – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Marlen Ditrih" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85" title="Марлен Дітріх – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Марлен Дітріх" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Дитрих, Марлен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дитрих, Марлен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AA" title="ᱢᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱮ ᱰᱤᱴᱨᱤᱪ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱮ ᱰᱤᱴᱨᱤᱪ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrichov%C3%A1" title="Marlene Dietrichová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Marlene Dietrichová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="مارلێنە دیتریش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مارلێنە دیتریش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="மார்லீன் டீட்ரிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மார்லீன் டீட்ரிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D" title="మార్లిన్ డీట్రిచ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మార్లిన్ డీట్రిచ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="มาร์เลเนอ ดีทริช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาร์เลเนอ ดีทริช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Марлен Дитрих – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Марлен Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85" title="Марлен Дітріх – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марлен Дітріх" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%86" title="مارلین ڈائٹرچ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مارلین ڈائٹرچ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditrih_Marlen" title="Ditrih Marlen – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ditrih Marlen" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E8%8E%B2%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%9C" title="玛莲娜·迪特里茜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玛莲娜·迪特里茜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A" title="מארלין דיטריך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מארלין דיטריך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E8%93%AE%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E6%B2%BB" title="瑪蓮德烈治 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瑪蓮德烈治" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlena_D%C4%ABtrich" title="Marlena Dītrich – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Marlena Dītrich" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E8%93%AE%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C" title="瑪蓮娜·迪特利希 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瑪蓮娜·迪特利希" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Marlene Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlen_Ditrix" title="Marlen Ditrix – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Marlen Ditrix" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4612#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Marie Dietrich" redirects here. For the German soprano, see <a href="/wiki/Marie_Dietrich_(soprano)" title="Marie Dietrich (soprano)">Marie Dietrich (soprano)</a>. For the Black Midi song, see <a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_(Black_Midi_album)" title="Cavalcade (Black Midi album)">Cavalcade (Black Midi album)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Marlene Dietrich</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_(1951)_(Cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_%281951%29_%28Cropped%29.png/220px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_%281951%29_%28Cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_%281951%29_%28Cropped%29.png/330px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_%281951%29_%28Cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_%281951%29_%28Cropped%29.png/440px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_%281951%29_%28Cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Dietrich in 1951</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Marie Magdalene Dietrich</div> (1901-12-27)27 December 1901 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 May 1992(1992-05-06) (aged 90) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4dtischer_Friedhof_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Städtischer Friedhof III">Städtischer Friedhof III</a>, Berlin, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Germany (until 1939)</li><li>United States<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actress</li><li>singer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1919–1984</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Rudolf Sieber</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1923; died 1976)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Riva" title="Maria Riva">Maria Riva</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Riva" title="J. Michael Riva">J. Michael Riva</a> (grandson)</li> <li>Peter Riva (grandson)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Marlene_Dietrich_Signature.svg/150px-Marlene_Dietrich_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Marlene_Dietrich_Signature.svg/225px-Marlene_Dietrich_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Marlene_Dietrich_Signature.svg/300px-Marlene_Dietrich_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="450" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Marie Magdalene "Marlene" Dietrich<a href="#cite_note-Born-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/mɑːrˈleɪnə ˈdiːtrɪx/</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>German: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[maʁˈleːnə ˈdiːtʁɪç]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/55\/De-Marlene_Dietrich.ogg\/De-Marlene_Dietrich.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Marlene Dietrich.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/De-Marlene_Dietrich.ogg/De-Marlene_Dietrich.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:De-Marlene_Dietrich.ogg" title="File:De-Marlene Dietrich.ogg">ⓘ</a>; 27 December 1901 – 6 May 1992)<a href="#cite_note-nytimesobit-5">[5]</a> was a German-born American actress and singer whose career spanned nearly 7 decades.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In <a href="/wiki/1920s_Berlin" title="1920s Berlin">1920s Berlin</a>, Dietrich performed on the stage and in <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent films</a>. Her performance as Lola Lola in <a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Josef von Sternberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Angel" title="The Blue Angel">The Blue Angel</a> (1930) brought her international acclaim and a contract with <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. She starred in many <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> films, including six iconic roles directed by Sternberg: <a href="/wiki/Morocco_(film)" title="Morocco (film)">Morocco</a> (1930) (her only <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award</a> nomination), <a href="/wiki/Dishonored_(film)" title="Dishonored (film)">Dishonored</a> (1931), <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Express_(film)" title="Shanghai Express (film)">Shanghai Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blonde_Venus" title="Blonde Venus">Blonde Venus</a> (both 1932), <a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Empress" title="The Scarlet Empress">The Scarlet Empress</a> (1934), <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Is_a_Woman_(1935_film)" title="The Devil Is a Woman (1935 film)">The Devil Is a Woman</a> (1935). She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic looks, and became one of the era's highest-paid actresses. Throughout <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she delivered notable performances in several post-war films, including <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Foreign_Affair" title="A Foreign Affair">A Foreign Affair</a> (1948), <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stage_Fright_(1950_film)" title="Stage Fright (1950 film)">Stage Fright</a> (1950), Billy Wilder's <a href="/wiki/Witness_for_the_Prosecution_(1957_film)" title="Witness for the Prosecution (1957 film)">Witness for the Prosecution</a> (1957), <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Touch_of_Evil" title="Touch of Evil">Touch of Evil</a> (1958), and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a> (1961), she spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer. Dietrich was known for her humanitarian efforts during World War II, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support and even advocating their American citizenship. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received several honors from the United States, France, Belgium, and Israel. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> named Dietrich the ninth <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">greatest female screen legend</a> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">classic Hollywood cinema</a>.<a href="#cite_note-afi-7">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Rote_Insel-Berlin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Map_Rote_Insel-Berlin.svg/170px-Map_Rote_Insel-Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Map_Rote_Insel-Berlin.svg/255px-Map_Rote_Insel-Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Map_Rote_Insel-Berlin.svg/340px-Map_Rote_Insel-Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="2028" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Location of Marlene Dietrich's birthplace in <a href="/wiki/Rote_Insel" title="Rote Insel">Rote Insel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_Birth_House_Panorama_2012-07-28_small.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Marlene_Dietrich_Birth_House_Panorama_2012-07-28_small.tiff/lossless-page1-170px-Marlene_Dietrich_Birth_House_Panorama_2012-07-28_small.tiff.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Marlene_Dietrich_Birth_House_Panorama_2012-07-28_small.tiff/lossless-page1-255px-Marlene_Dietrich_Birth_House_Panorama_2012-07-28_small.tiff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Marlene_Dietrich_Birth_House_Panorama_2012-07-28_small.tiff/lossless-page1-340px-Marlene_Dietrich_Birth_House_Panorama_2012-07-28_small.tiff.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="2433" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dietrich's birthplace in Leberstraße 65, Berlin-<a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neberg" title="Schöneberg">Schöneberg</a></div></div></div></div></div> She was born Marie Magdalene Dietrich on 27 December 1901 at Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Rote_Insel" title="Rote Insel">Rote Insel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neberg" title="Schöneberg">Schöneberg</a>, now a district of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. Her mother, Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josefine (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Felsing), was from an affluent Berlin family who owned a jewelry and <a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">clock-making</a> firm. Her father, Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, was a police lieutenant. Dietrich had one sibling, Elisabeth (5 February 1900 – 8 May 1973).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Dietrich's father was born on 26 August 1867 and died in August 1908.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach201119-10">[10]</a> His best friend, Eduard von Losch, an <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocratic</a> first lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/Grenadiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenadiers">Grenadiers</a>, courted Wilhelmina and married her in 1914, but he died in July 1916 from injuries sustained during the First World War.<a href="#cite_note-Born-4">[4]</a> Von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich sisters, so Dietrich's surname was never von Losch, as has sometimes been claimed.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Dietrich's family nicknamed her "Lena", "Lene", or "Leni" (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[leːnɛ]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Aged about 11, she combined her first two names to form the name "Marlene." Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls' School from 1907 to 1917<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199220-13">[13]</a> and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule (today Goethe-Gymnasium) in <a href="/wiki/Wilmersdorf" title="Wilmersdorf">Berlin-Wilmersdorf</a> in 1918.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199226-14">[14]</a> She studied the <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199232-15">[15]</a> and became interested in theater and poetry as a teenager. A wrist injury<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199239-16">[16]</a> curtailed her dreams of becoming a concert violinist, but by 1922 she had her first job playing violin in a <a href="/wiki/Pit_orchestra" title="Pit orchestra">pit orchestra</a> for silent films at a Berlin cinema. She was fired after only four weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199242-17">[17]</a> The earliest professional stage appearances by Dietrich were as a <a href="/wiki/Chorus_line" title="Chorus line">chorus girl</a> on tour with Guido Thielscher's Girl-Kabarett <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a>-style entertainments and in <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Nelson" title="Rudolf Nelson">Rudolf Nelson</a> revues in Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199244-18">[18]</a> In 1922, Dietrich auditioned unsuccessfully for theatrical director and impresario <a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a>'s drama academy;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199249-19">[19]</a> however, she soon found herself working in his theatres as a chorus girl and playing small roles in dramas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_beginnings">Career beginnings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career beginnings">edit</a>]</div> Dietrich's film debut was a small part in the film <a href="/wiki/The_Little_Napoleon" title="The Little Napoleon">The Little Napoleon</a> (1923).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992491-20">[20]</a> She met her future husband Rudolf Sieber on the set of <a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_Love" title="Tragedy of Love">Tragedy of Love</a> in 1923. Dietrich and Sieber were married in a civil ceremony in Berlin on 17 May 1923.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach201162-21">[21]</a> Her only child, daughter <a href="/wiki/Maria_Riva" title="Maria Riva">Maria Elisabeth Sieber</a>, was born on 13 December 1924.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199265-22">[22]</a> Dietrich continued to work on stage and in film both in Berlin and Vienna throughout the 1920s. On stage, she had roles of varying importance in <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Frank Wedekind</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pandora%27s_Box_(play)" title="Pandora's Box (play)">Pandora's Box</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992480-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992480-23">[23]</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992482-24">[24]</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Back_to_Methuselah" title="Back to Methuselah">Back to Methuselah</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992483-25">[25]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misalliance" title="Misalliance">Misalliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992488-26">[26]</a> It was in musicals and revues such as Broadway, Es Liegt in der Luft, and Zwei Krawatten, however, that she attracted the most attention. By the late 1920s, Dietrich was also playing sizable parts on screen, including roles in <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Elektric" title="Café Elektric">Café Elektric</a> (1927), <a href="/wiki/I_Kiss_Your_Hand,_Madame" title="I Kiss Your Hand, Madame">I Kiss Your Hand, Madame</a> (1928), and <a href="/wiki/The_Ship_of_Lost_Souls" title="The Ship of Lost Souls">The Ship of Lost Souls</a> (1929).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_von_Sternberg">Association with von Sternberg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Association with von Sternberg">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg/170px-The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg/255px-The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg/340px-The-Blue-Angel-Dietrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Marlene Dietrich as Lola: "She straddles a chair...imperiously, magisterially, fully the measurer of men in the audience..."<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1929, Dietrich landed her breakthrough role of Lola Lola, a <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> singer who caused the downfall of a hitherto respectable schoolmaster (played by <a href="/wiki/Emil_Jannings" title="Emil Jannings">Emil Jannings</a>), in the <a href="/wiki/UFA_GmbH" title="UFA GmbH">UFA</a> production of <a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Angel" title="The Blue Angel">The Blue Angel</a> (1930) shot at <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Studio" title="Babelsberg Studio">Babelsberg film studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Josef von Sternberg</a> directed the film and thereafter took credit for having "discovered" Dietrich. The film introduced Dietrich's signature song "<a href="/wiki/Falling_in_Love_Again_(Can%27t_Help_It)" title="Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)">Falling in Love Again</a>", which she recorded for <a href="/wiki/Electrola" title="Electrola">Electrola</a>. She made further recordings in the 1930s for <a href="/wiki/Polydor" class="mw-redirect" title="Polydor">Polydor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a>. In 1930, on the strength of The Blue Angel's international success, and with encouragement and promotion from Josef von Sternberg, who was established in Hollywood, Dietrich moved to the United States under contract to <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, the U.S. film distributor of <a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Angel" title="The Blue Angel">The Blue Angel</a>. The studio sought to market Dietrich as a German answer to <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a>'s Swedish star <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a>. Sternberg welcomed her with gifts, including a green <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_II" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom II">Rolls-Royce Phantom II</a>. The car later appeared in their first U.S. film <a href="/wiki/Morocco_(film)" title="Morocco (film)">Morocco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Dietrich starred in six films directed by von Sternberg at Paramount between 1930 and 1935. Von Sternberg worked effectively with Dietrich to create the image of a glamorous and mysterious <a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">femme fatale</a>. He encouraged her to lose weight and coached her intensively as an actress. She willingly followed his, sometimes imperious, direction in a way that a number of other performers resisted.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Morocco_(film)" title="Morocco (film)">Morocco</a> (1930) with <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>, Dietrich was again cast as a cabaret singer. The film is best remembered for the sequence in which she performs a song dressed in a man's white tie and kisses another woman, both provocative for the era. The film earned Dietrich her only <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award</a> nomination. <a href="/wiki/Morocco_(film)" title="Morocco (film)">Morocco</a> was followed by <a href="/wiki/Dishonored_(film)" title="Dishonored (film)">Dishonored</a> (1931) with <a href="/wiki/Victor_McLaglen" title="Victor McLaglen">Victor McLaglen</a>, a major success with Dietrich cast as a <a href="/wiki/Mata_Hari" title="Mata Hari">Mata Hari</a>-like spy. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_in_Shanghai_Express_(1932)_by_Don_English.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Marlene_Dietrich_in_Shanghai_Express_%281932%29_by_Don_English.png/220px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_Shanghai_Express_%281932%29_by_Don_English.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Marlene_Dietrich_in_Shanghai_Express_%281932%29_by_Don_English.png/330px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_Shanghai_Express_%281932%29_by_Don_English.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Marlene_Dietrich_in_Shanghai_Express_%281932%29_by_Don_English.png/440px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_Shanghai_Express_%281932%29_by_Don_English.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Josef von Sternberg</a> used <a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography#Butterfly_lighting" title="Portrait photography">butterfly lighting</a> to enhance Dietrich's features in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Express_(film)" title="Shanghai Express (film)">Shanghai Express</a> (1932).</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Express_(film)" title="Shanghai Express (film)">Shanghai Express</a> (1932) with <a href="/wiki/Anna_May_Wong" title="Anna May Wong">Anna May Wong</a>, which was dubbed by the critics "<a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(1932_film)" title="Grand Hotel (1932 film)">Grand Hotel</a> on wheels", was another major success, earning $1.5 million in worldwide rentals.<a href="#cite_note-Lucas-33">[33]</a> Dietrich and von Sternberg again collaborated on the romance <a href="/wiki/Blonde_Venus" title="Blonde Venus">Blonde Venus</a> (1932) with <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a>. Dietrich worked without von Sternberg for the first time in three years in the romantic drama <a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Songs_(1933_film)" title="The Song of Songs (1933 film)">Song of Songs</a> (1933), playing a naïve German peasant, under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a>. Dietrich and Sternberg's last two films, <a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Empress" title="The Scarlet Empress">The Scarlet Empress</a> (1934) with <a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge" title="John Davis Lodge">John Davis Lodge</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Is_a_Woman_(1935_film)" title="The Devil Is a Woman (1935 film)">The Devil Is a Woman</a> (1935)—the most stylized of their collaborations—were their lowest-grossing films. Dietrich later remarked that she was at her most beautiful in <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_Is_a_Woman_(1935_film)" title="The Devil Is a Woman (1935 film)">The Devil Is a Woman</a>. Von Sternberg is known for his exceptional skill in lighting and photographing Dietrich to optimum effect, so much so, that even 50 years later, one of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Express_(film)" title="Shanghai Express (film)">Shanghai Express's</a> production stills became the inspiration of the cover of rock band <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Queen_II" title="Queen II">Queen II</a> which was integrated into the music video of their single "<a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody" title="Bohemian Rhapsody">Bohemian Rhapsody</a>". His signature use of light and shadow, including the impact of light passed through a veil or slatted window blinds, combined with the scrupulous attention to <a href="/wiki/Set_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Set design">set design</a> and costumes makes the films they made together among cinema's most visually stylish.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Critics still vigorously debate how much of the credit belonged to von Sternberg and how much to Dietrich, but most would agree that neither consistently reached such heights again after Paramount fired von Sternberg and the two ceased working together.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The collaboration of one actress and director creating seven films is still unmatched in motion pictures, with the possible exception of <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a>, who made ten films together over a much longer period but which were not created for Hepburn the way the last six von Sternberg/Dietrich collaborations were.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpoto1992-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_later_1930s">The later 1930s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The later 1930s">edit</a>]</div> Dietrich's first film after the end of her partnership with von Sternberg was <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Desire_(1936_film)" title="Desire (1936 film)">Desire</a> (1936) with Gary Cooper, a commercial success that gave Dietrich an opportunity to try her hand at <a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">romantic comedy</a>. Her next project, <a href="/wiki/I_Loved_a_Soldier" title="I Loved a Soldier">I Loved a Soldier</a> (1936), ended in shambles when the film was scrapped several weeks into production due to script problems, scheduling confusion and the studio's decision to fire the producer Ernst Lubitsch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992210–211-38">[38]</a> Extravagant offers lured Dietrich away from Paramount to make her first color film <a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Allah_(1936_film)" title="The Garden of Allah (1936 film)">The Garden of Allah</a> (1936) for independent producer <a href="/wiki/David_O._Selznick" title="David O. Selznick">David O. Selznick</a>, for which she received $200,000, and to Britain for Alexander Korda's production, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Without_Armour" title="Knight Without Armour">Knight Without Armour</a> (1937), at a salary of $450,000, which made her one of the best paid film stars of the time. While both films performed decently at the box office, her vehicles were costly to produce and her public popularity had declined. By this time, Dietrich placed 126th in box office rankings, and American film exhibitors proclaimed her "<a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Poison_(magazine_article)" title="Box Office Poison (magazine article)">box office poison</a>" in May 1938, a distinction she shared with <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mae_West" title="Mae West">Mae West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norma_Shearer" title="Norma Shearer">Norma Shearer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> among others.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destry-Rides-Again-1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Destry-Rides-Again-1939.jpg/220px-Destry-Rides-Again-1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Destry-Rides-Again-1939.jpg/330px-Destry-Rides-Again-1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Destry-Rides-Again-1939.jpg/440px-Destry-Rides-Again-1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> and Marlene Dietrich in <a href="/wiki/Destry_Rides_Again" title="Destry Rides Again">Destry Rides Again</a> (1939)</figcaption></figure> While in London, Dietrich later said in interviews, she was approached by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> officials and offered lucrative contracts, should she agree to return to be a foremost film star in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. She refused their offers and applied for U.S. citizenship in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-Helm-40">[40]</a> She returned to Paramount to make <a href="/wiki/Angel_(1937_film)" title="Angel (1937 film)">Angel</a> (1937), another romantic comedy directed by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a>; the film was poorly received, leading Paramount to buy out the remainder of Dietrich's contract. Dietrich, with encouragement from <a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Josef von Sternberg</a>, accepted producer <a href="/wiki/Joe_Pasternak" title="Joe Pasternak">Joe Pasternak</a>'s offer to play against type in her first film in two years: that of the cowboy saloon girl, Frenchie, in the western-comedy <a href="/wiki/Destry_Rides_Again" title="Destry Rides Again">Destry Rides Again</a> (1939), with <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>. This was a significantly less well paid role than she had been accustomed to. The bawdy role revived her career and "<a href="/wiki/See_What_the_Boys_in_the_Back_Room_Will_Have" class="mw-redirect" title="See What the Boys in the Back Room Will Have">See What the Boys in the Back Room Will Have</a>", a song she introduced in the film, became a hit when she recorded it for Decca. She played similar types in <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sinners_(1940_film)" title="Seven Sinners (1940 film)">Seven Sinners</a> (1940) and <a href="/wiki/The_Spoilers_(1942_film)" title="The Spoilers (1942 film)">The Spoilers</a> (1942), both with <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dietrich-Hayworth-Hollywood-Canteen-1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dietrich-Hayworth-Hollywood-Canteen-1942.jpg/220px-Dietrich-Hayworth-Hollywood-Canteen-1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dietrich-Hayworth-Hollywood-Canteen-1942.jpg/330px-Dietrich-Hayworth-Hollywood-Canteen-1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Dietrich-Hayworth-Hollywood-Canteen-1942.jpg/440px-Dietrich-Hayworth-Hollywood-Canteen-1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="796" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dietrich and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a> serve food to soldiers at the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Canteen" title="Hollywood Canteen">Hollywood Canteen</a> (17 November 1942).</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_Deenethorpe_-_401st_Bombardment_Group_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/RAF_Deenethorpe_-_401st_Bombardment_Group_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/220px-RAF_Deenethorpe_-_401st_Bombardment_Group_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/RAF_Deenethorpe_-_401st_Bombardment_Group_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/330px-RAF_Deenethorpe_-_401st_Bombardment_Group_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/RAF_Deenethorpe_-_401st_Bombardment_Group_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/440px-RAF_Deenethorpe_-_401st_Bombardment_Group_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="1020" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dietrich with airmen of the <a href="/wiki/401st_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="401st Air Expeditionary Group">401st Bomb Group</a> (29 September 1944)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_ww2_47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Marlene_Dietrich_ww2_47.jpg/220px-Marlene_Dietrich_ww2_47.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Marlene_Dietrich_ww2_47.jpg/330px-Marlene_Dietrich_ww2_47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Marlene_Dietrich_ww2_47.jpg/440px-Marlene_Dietrich_ww2_47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="1102" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Marlene Dietrich and U.S. Army Technician Fourth Grade Earl E. McFarland in Belgium (24 November 1944)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich,_somewhere_in_France_24372_150px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marlene_Dietrich%2C_somewhere_in_France_24372_150px.jpg/220px-Marlene_Dietrich%2C_somewhere_in_France_24372_150px.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marlene_Dietrich%2C_somewhere_in_France_24372_150px.jpg/330px-Marlene_Dietrich%2C_somewhere_in_France_24372_150px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marlene_Dietrich%2C_somewhere_in_France_24372_150px.jpg/440px-Marlene_Dietrich%2C_somewhere_in_France_24372_150px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="358" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dietrich and U.S. soldiers somewhere in France during her second USO tour (1944)</div></div></div></div></div> Dietrich was known to have strong political convictions and the mind to speak them. In the late 1930s, Dietrich created a fund with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> and several other exiles to help Jews and dissidents escape from Germany. In 1937, her entire salary for <a href="/wiki/Knight_Without_Armour" title="Knight Without Armour">Knight Without Armor</a> ($450,000) was put into <a href="/wiki/Escrow" title="Escrow">escrow</a> to help the refugees. In 1939, she became an American citizen and renounced her German citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-nytimesobit-5">[5]</a> In December 1941, the U.S. entered World War II, and Dietrich became one of the first public figures to help sell <a href="/wiki/War_bond" title="War bond">war bonds</a>. She toured the U.S. from January 1942 to September 1943 (appearing before 250,000 troops on the Pacific Coast leg of her tour alone) and was reported to have sold more war bonds than any other star.<a href="#cite_note-sudendorf-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> During two extended tours for the <a href="/wiki/United_Service_Organizations" title="United Service Organizations">USO</a> in 1944 and 1945,<a href="#cite_note-sudendorf-41">[41]</a> she performed for <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> troops in Algeria, Italy, the UK, France and <a href="/wiki/Heerlen" title="Heerlen">Heerlen</a> in the Netherlands,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> then entered Germany with Generals <a href="/wiki/James_M._Gavin" title="James M. Gavin">James M. Gavin</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>. When asked why she had done this, in spite of the obvious danger of being within a few kilometers of German lines, she replied, "aus Anstand"—"out of decency".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Wilder later remarked that she was at the front lines more than <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>. Her revue, with <a href="/wiki/Danny_Thomas" title="Danny Thomas">Danny Thomas</a> as her opening act for the first tour, included songs from her films, performances on her <a href="/wiki/Musical_saw" title="Musical saw">musical saw</a> (a skill taught to her by <a href="/wiki/Igo_Sym" title="Igo Sym">Igo Sym</a> that she had originally acquired for stage appearances in Berlin in the 1920s) and a "<a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">mindreading</a>" act that her friend <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> had taught her for his <a href="/wiki/The_Mercury_Wonder_Show" title="The Mercury Wonder Show">Mercury Wonder Show</a>. Dietrich would inform the audience that she could read minds and ask them to concentrate on whatever came into their minds. Then she would walk over to a soldier and earnestly tell him, "Oh, think of something else. I can't possibly talk about that!" American church papers reportedly published stories complaining about this part of Dietrich's act. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpoto1992-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-sudendorf-41">[41]</a> In 1944, the Morale Operations Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS) initiated the Musak project, musical propaganda broadcasts designed to demoralize enemy soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-cia-45">[45]</a> Dietrich, the only performer who was made aware that her recordings would be for OSS use, recorded a number of songs in German for the project, including "<a href="/wiki/Lili_Marleen" title="Lili Marleen">Lili Marleen</a>", a favorite of soldiers on both sides of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh199858-46">[46]</a> Major General <a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a>, head of the OSS, wrote to Dietrich, "I am personally deeply grateful for your generosity in making these recordings for us."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh199859-47">[47]</a> At the war's end in Europe, Dietrich reunited with her sister Elisabeth and her sister's husband and son. They had resided in the German village of <a href="/wiki/Belsen_(Bergen)" title="Belsen (Bergen)">Belsen</a> throughout the war years, running a cinema frequented by Nazi officers and officials who oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen concentration camp</a>. Dietrich's mother remained in Berlin during the war, while Dietrich vouched for her sister and her sister's husband, sheltering them from possible prosecution as Nazi collaborators.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> However, Dietrich later omitted the existence of her sister and her sister's son from all accounts of her life, completely disowning them and claiming to be an only child.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Dietrich received the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Freedom_(1945)" title="Medal of Freedom (1945)">Medal of Freedom</a> in November 1947, for her "extraordinary record entertaining troops overseas during the war".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> She said this was her proudest accomplishment.<a href="#cite_note-cia-45">[45]</a> She was also awarded the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> by the French government for her wartime work.<a href="#cite_note-whoswho.de-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_film_career">Later film career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later film career">edit</a>]</div> While Dietrich never fully regained her former screen profile, she continued performing in motion pictures, including appearances for directors such as <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Leisen" title="Mitchell Leisen">Mitchell Leisen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Golden_Earrings" title="Golden Earrings">Golden Earrings</a> (1947), <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> in <a href="/wiki/A_Foreign_Affair" title="A Foreign Affair">A Foreign Affair</a> (1948) and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stage_Fright_(1950_film)" title="Stage Fright (1950 film)">Stage Fright</a> (1950). Her appearances in the 1950s included films such as <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Notorious" title="Rancho Notorious">Rancho Notorious</a>, (1952) and Wilder's <a href="/wiki/Witness_for_the_Prosecution_(1957_film)" title="Witness for the Prosecution (1957 film)">Witness for the Prosecution</a> (1957). She appeared in <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Touch_of_Evil" title="Touch of Evil">Touch of Evil</a> (1958). Dietrich had a kind of platonic love for Welles, whom she considered a genius.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992462-52">[52]</a> Her last substantial film role was in <a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a> (1961) directed by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a>; she also presented the narrative for the documentary <a href="/wiki/Black_Fox:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler">Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler</a>, which won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature">Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature</a> in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-NY_Times-53">[53]</a> She cut the ceremonial ribbon to celebrate the grand opening of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Theater_(Manhattan)" title="Paris Theater (Manhattan)">Paris Theater</a> in New York City in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage_and_cabaret">Stage and cabaret</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Stage and cabaret">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_Caricature_by_Hans_Georg_Pfannm%C3%BCller_(1954).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marlene_Dietrich_Caricature_by_Hans_Georg_Pfannm%C3%BCller_%281954%29.jpg/100px-Marlene_Dietrich_Caricature_by_Hans_Georg_Pfannm%C3%BCller_%281954%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marlene_Dietrich_Caricature_by_Hans_Georg_Pfannm%C3%BCller_%281954%29.jpg/150px-Marlene_Dietrich_Caricature_by_Hans_Georg_Pfannm%C3%BCller_%281954%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marlene_Dietrich_Caricature_by_Hans_Georg_Pfannm%C3%BCller_%281954%29.jpg/200px-Marlene_Dietrich_Caricature_by_Hans_Georg_Pfannm%C3%BCller_%281954%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="1049" /></a><figcaption>Dietrich often performed parts of her show in <a href="/wiki/White_Tie" class="mw-redirect" title="White Tie">top hat and tails</a>. Caricature by Hans Georg Pfannmüller showing Dietrich during a cabaret performance in 1954.</figcaption></figure> From the early 1950s until the mid-1970s, Dietrich worked almost exclusively as a cabaret artist, performing live in large theatres in major cities worldwide. In 1953, Dietrich was offered $30,000 per week<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992369-55">[55]</a> to appear live at the <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Hotel_and_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Hotel and Casino">Sahara Hotel</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992368-56">[56]</a> on the Las Vegas Strip. The show was short, consisting only of a few songs associated with her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992368-56">[56]</a> Her daringly sheer "nude dress"—a heavily beaded evening gown of silk soufflé, which gave the illusion of transparency—designed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Louis" title="Jean Louis">Jean Louis</a>, attracted a lot of publicity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992368-56">[56]</a> This engagement was so successful that she was signed to appear at the <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_Paris_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Café de Paris (London)">Café de Paris</a> in London the following year; her Las Vegas contracts were also renewed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992371-57">[57]</a> Dietrich employed <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> as her musical arranger starting in the mid-1950s; together, they refined her nightclub act into a more ambitious theatrical <a href="/wiki/One-woman_show" class="mw-redirect" title="One-woman show">one-woman show</a> with an expanded repertoire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992395-58">[58]</a> Her repertoire included songs from her films as well as popular songs of the day. Bacharach's arrangements helped to disguise Dietrich's limited vocal range—she was a <a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>—and allowed her to perform her songs to maximum dramatic effect;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992395-58">[58]</a> together, they recorded four albums and several singles between 1957 and 1964.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor1991154-60">[60]</a> In a TV interview in 1971, she credited Bacharach with giving her the "inspiration" to perform during those years.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Bacharach then felt he needed to devote his time fully to songwriting. But she had also come to rely on him in order to perform, and wrote about his leaving in her memoir: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">From that fateful day on, I have worked like a robot, trying to recapture the wonderful woman he helped make out of me. I even succeeded in this effort for years, because I always thought of him, always longed for him, always looked for him in the wings, and always fought against self-pity ... He had become so indispensable to me that, without him, I no longer took much joy in singing. When he left me, I felt like giving everything up. I had lost my director, my support, my teacher, my maestro.<a href="#cite_note-Dietrich-62">[62]</a></blockquote> She often performed the first part of her show in one of her body-hugging dresses and a <a href="/wiki/Down_feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Down feathers">swansdown</a> coat, and change to top hat and tails for the second half of the performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992394-63">[63]</a> This allowed her to sing songs usually associated with male singers, like "<a href="/wiki/One_for_My_Baby" class="mw-redirect" title="One for My Baby">One for My Baby</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Grown_Accustomed_to_Her_Face" title="I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face">I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992395-58">[58]</a> "She ... transcends her material," according to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a>. "Whether it's a flighty old tune like '<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Give_You_Anything_But_Love,_Baby" class="mw-redirect" title="I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby">I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby</a>' ... a schmaltzy German love song, 'Das Lied ist Aus' or a French one '<a href="/wiki/La_Vie_en_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="La Vie en Rose">La Vie en Rose</a>', she lends each an air of the aristocrat, yet she never patronises ... A folk song, 'Go 'Way From My Window' has never been sung with such passion, and in her hands '<a href="/wiki/Where_Have_All_the_Flowers_Gone%3F" title="Where Have All the Flowers Gone?">Where Have All the Flowers Gone?</a>' is not just another anti-war lament but a tragic accusation against us all."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorley197869-64">[64]</a> Francis Wyndham offered a more critical appraisal of the phenomenon of Dietrich in concert. He wrote in 1964: "What she does is neither difficult nor diverting, but the fact that she does it at all fills the onlookers with wonder ... It takes two to make a conjuring trick: the illusionist's sleight of hand and the stooge's desire to be deceived. To these necessary elements (her own technical competence and her audience's sentimentality) Marlene Dietrich adds a third—the mysterious force of her belief in her own magic. Those who find themselves unable to share this belief tend to blame themselves rather than her."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor1991133-65">[65]</a> Her use of body-sculpting undergarments, nonsurgical temporary <a href="/wiki/Facelift" class="mw-redirect" title="Facelift">facelifts</a> (tape),<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> expert makeup and wigs,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992406-67">[67]</a> combined with careful stage lighting,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992371-57">[57]</a> helped to preserve Dietrich's glamorous image as she grew older. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_in_Israel_(1960)_(Cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Marlene Dietrich, 1960" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Marlene_Dietrich_in_Israel_%281960%29_%28Cropped%29.png/170px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_Israel_%281960%29_%28Cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Marlene_Dietrich_in_Israel_%281960%29_%28Cropped%29.png/255px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_Israel_%281960%29_%28Cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Marlene_Dietrich_in_Israel_%281960%29_%28Cropped%29.png/340px-Marlene_Dietrich_in_Israel_%281960%29_%28Cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Dietrich in Jerusalem during a tour in Israel, 1960</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="589" data-mwtitle="Marlene_Dietrich_CBC_Interview_1960.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_CBC_Interview_1960.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Marlene_Dietrich_CBC_Interview_1960.ogg/Marlene_Dietrich_CBC_Interview_1960.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Marlene_Dietrich_CBC_Interview_1960.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption>Marlene Dietrich discusses her film and cabaret career in an interview recorded in Paris, 1959.</figcaption></figure> Dietrich's return to <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1960 for a concert tour received a mixed reception—despite a consistently negative press, vociferous protest by Germans who felt she had betrayed her homeland, and two bomb threats, her performance attracted huge crowds. During her performances at Berlin's <a href="/wiki/Titania-Palast" title="Titania-Palast">Titania Palast theatre</a>, protesters chanted, "Marlene Go Home!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992401-68">[68]</a> On the other hand, Dietrich was warmly welcomed by other Germans, including Berlin Mayor <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, who was, like Dietrich, an opponent of the Nazis who had lived in exile during their rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992401-68">[68]</a> The tour was an artistic triumph, but a financial failure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992401-68">[68]</a> She was left emotionally drained by the hostility she encountered, and she left convinced never to visit again. <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, however, received her well.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> She also undertook a tour of Israel around the same time, which was well-received; she sang some songs in German during her concerts, including, from 1962, a German version of <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>'s anti-war anthem "<a href="/wiki/Where_Have_All_the_Flowers_Gone%3F" title="Where Have All the Flowers Gone?">Where Have All the Flowers Gone</a>", thus breaking the unofficial taboo against the use of German in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992406-67">[67]</a> She would become the first woman and German to receive the Israeli Medallion of Valor in 1965, "in recognition for her courageous adherence to principle and consistent record of friendship for the Jewish people". <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_in_London" title="Dietrich in London">Dietrich in London</a>, a concert album, was recorded during the run of her 1964 engagement at the <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992526-70">[70]</a> She performed on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> twice (in 1967 and 1968) and received a <a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a> in 1968. In November 1972, <a href="/wiki/An_Evening_With_Marlene_Dietrich" class="mw-redirect" title="An Evening With Marlene Dietrich">I Wish You Love</a>, a version of Dietrich's Broadway show titled <a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Marlene_Dietrich" title="An Evening with Marlene Dietrich">An Evening with Marlene Dietrich</a>, was filmed in London.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> She was paid $250,000 for her cooperation but was unhappy with the result. The show was broadcast in the UK on the BBC and in the U.S. on CBS in January 1973.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Dietrich continued with a busy performance schedule until September 1975.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Clive_Hirschhorn" title="Clive Hirschhorn">Clive Hirschhorn</a> asked her why she continued to perform, she said, "Do you think this is glamorous? That this is a great life, and that I do it for my health? Well, it isn't. It's hard work. And who would work if they didn't have to?"<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In her 60s and 70s, Dietrich's health declined: she survived <a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">cervical cancer</a> in 1965<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992416-75">[75]</a> and suffered from poor circulation in her legs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992406-67">[67]</a> Dietrich became increasingly dependent on painkillers and alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992406-67">[67]</a> A stage fall at the <a href="/wiki/Shady_Grove,_Maryland" title="Shady Grove, Maryland">Shady Grove Music Fair in Maryland</a> in 1973 injured her left thigh, necessitating skin grafts to allow the wound to heal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992436-76">[76]</a> She fractured her right leg in August 1974.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992437-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paris_years">Paris years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Paris years">edit</a>]</div> Dietrich's show business career largely ended on 29 September 1975, when she fell on the stage and broke a thigh bone during a performance in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The following year, her husband, Rudolf Sieber, died of cancer on 24 June 1976.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Dietrich's final on-camera film appearance was a brief appearance in <a href="/wiki/Just_a_Gigolo_(1978_film)" title="Just a Gigolo (1978 film)">Just a Gigolo</a> (1978), starring <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Hemmings" title="David Hemmings">David Hemmings</a>, in which she sang the title song. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg/170px-2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg/255px-2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg/340px-2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Dietrich's gravestone in Berlin. The inscription reads "Hier steh ich an den Marken meiner Tage" (literally: "Here I am standing at the border stones of my days"), a line from the <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnet</a> "Abschied vom Leben" ("Farewell to Life") by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_K%C3%B6rner_(author)" title="Theodor Körner (author)">Theodor Körner</a>.</figcaption></figure> Dietrich withdrew to her apartment at 12 <a href="/wiki/Avenue_Montaigne" title="Avenue Montaigne">Avenue Montaigne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. She spent the final 13 years of her life mostly bedridden, allowing only a select few—including family and employees—to enter the apartment. During this time, she was a prolific letter-writer and phone-caller. Her autobiography Nehmt nur mein Leben (Take Just My Life), was published in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 1982, Dietrich agreed to participate in a documentary film about her life, <a href="/wiki/Marlene_(1984_film)" title="Marlene (1984 film)">Marlene</a> (1984), but refused to be filmed. The film's director is her former co-star from <a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a> (1961), <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a>, and even with that familiarity, he was still only allowed to record her voice. Schell used his interviews with her as the basis for the film, set to a collage of film clips from her career. The film won several European film prizes and received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nomination for Best Documentary in 1984. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> named it "a unique film, perhaps the most fascinating and affecting documentary ever made about a great movie star".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In 1988, Dietrich recorded spoken introductions to songs for a nostalgia album by <a href="/wiki/Udo_Lindenberg" title="Udo Lindenberg">Udo Lindenberg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992528-82">[82]</a> In an interview with the German magazine <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> in November 2005, Dietrich's daughter and grandson said Dietrich was politically active during these years.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> She kept in contact with world leaders by telephone, including <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, running up a monthly bill of over US$3,000. In 1990, her appeal to save the <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Studio" title="Babelsberg Studio">Babelsberg Studios</a> from closure was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a>. She had spoken on television via telephone on the occasion of the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> the previous year. Also in spring 1990, she spoke on French forces radio station addressing her fellow Berliners in Germany about her then most recent conversation with French president <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a> regarding his promise to her that Berlin would be the capital city of a united Germany later on—at that point in time, a quite appealing but non-official French presidential statement. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_estate">Death and estate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death and estate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Service_during_the_%22Spoiler%22_with_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Robert_Service_during_the_%22Spoiler%22_with_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/220px-Robert_Service_during_the_%22Spoiler%22_with_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Robert_Service_during_the_%22Spoiler%22_with_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/330px-Robert_Service_during_the_%22Spoiler%22_with_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Robert_Service_during_the_%22Spoiler%22_with_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/440px-Robert_Service_during_the_%22Spoiler%22_with_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption>Dietrich and <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Service" title="Robert W. Service">Robert W. Service</a> on the set of <a href="/wiki/The_Spoilers_(1942_film)" title="The Spoilers (1942 film)">The Spoilers</a> (1942) in which they shared a brief scene (with Service unbilled as a Yukon poet patterned after himself)</figcaption></figure> On 6 May 1992, Dietrich died of <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney failure</a> at her flat in Paris at age 90. Her funeral was a <a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">requiem</a> mass conducted at the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> church of <a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Paris" title="La Madeleine, Paris">La Madeleine</a> in Paris on 14 May 1992.<a href="#cite_note-DietrichII-84">[84]</a> Dietrich's funeral service was attended by approximately 1,500 mourners in the church itself—including ambassadors from Germany, Russia, the US, the UK, and other countries—with thousands more outside. Her closed coffin, draped in the French flag, rested beneath the altar and was adorned with a simple bouquet of white wildflowers and roses from the French President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>. Three medals, including France's Légion d'honneur and the U.S. Medal of Freedom were displayed at the foot of the coffin, military style, for a ceremony symbolizing the sense of duty Dietrich embodied in her career as an actress, and in her personal fight against Nazism. The officiating priest remarked: "Everyone knew her life as an artist of film and song, and everyone knew her tough stands ... She lived like a soldier and would like to be buried like a soldier".<a href="#cite_note-mes.stparchive.com-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> By coincidence, her picture was used in the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> poster that year which was pasted up all over Paris.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In her will Dietrich expressed the wish to be buried in her birthplace Berlin, near her family. Her body was flown there to fulfill her wish on 16 May 1992.<a href="#cite_note-The_Message_Newsjournal-88">[88]</a> Her coffin was draped in an American flag befitting her status as an American. As her coffin traveled through Berlin bystanders threw flowers onto it, a fitting tribute because Dietrich loved flowers, even saving the flowers thrown to her at the end of her performances for use in subsequent shows. Dietrich was interred at the <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4dtischer_Friedhof_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Städtischer Friedhof III">Städtischer Friedhof III</a>, Schöneberg, close by the grave of her mother Josefine von Losch, and near the house where she was born.<a href="#cite_note-mes.stparchive.com-85">[85]</a> On 24 October 1993, the main portion of Dietrich's estate (on which the U.S. institutions showed no interest), was sold to the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek, where it became the core of the exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Filmmuseum_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmmuseum Berlin">Filmmuseum Berlin</a>. The collection includes: over 3,000 textile items from the 1920s to the 1990s, including film and stage costumes as well as over a thousand items from Dietrich's personal wardrobe; 15,000 photographs, by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Cecil_Beaton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Cecil Beaton">Sir Cecil Beaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_P._Horst" title="Horst P. Horst">Horst P. Horst</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hurrell" title="George Hurrell">George Hurrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon" title="Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon">Lord Snowdon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Edward Steichen</a>; 300,000 pages of documents, including correspondence with Burt Bacharach, <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a>, <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld" title="Karl Lagerfeld">Karl Lagerfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a>, Josef von Sternberg, Orson Welles and Billy Wilder; as well as other items like film posters and sound recordings.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The Marlene Dietrich Collection was sold to the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek for US$5 million, by Dietrich's heirs.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The contents of Dietrich's Manhattan apartment, along with other personal effects such as jewelry and items of clothing, were sold by public auction by Sotheby's in Los Angeles in November 1997. Her former apartment located at 993 Park Avenue was sold for $615,000 in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_Dietrich_915-6290_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marlene_Dietrich_915-6290_cropped.jpg/170px-Marlene_Dietrich_915-6290_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marlene_Dietrich_915-6290_cropped.jpg/255px-Marlene_Dietrich_915-6290_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marlene_Dietrich_915-6290_cropped.jpg/340px-Marlene_Dietrich_915-6290_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>Dietrich in the <a href="/wiki/Kurhaus_of_Scheveningen" title="Kurhaus of Scheveningen">Kurhaus of Scheveningen</a> in 1963</figcaption></figure> Dietrich's professional image was carefully crafted and maintained while her personal life was mostly hidden from the public. She was fluent in German, English, and French. Dietrich, who was <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, enjoyed the thriving gay bars and <a href="/wiki/Drag_balls" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag balls">drag balls</a> of 1920s Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Bars included the Mali und Igel, run by <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Conrad" title="Elsa Conrad">Elsa Conrad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-94">[94]</a> She also defied conventional gender roles with her boxing at Turkish trainer and prizefighter Sabri Mahir's boxing studio in Berlin, which opened to women in the late 1920s. In May 1923 Dietrich married assistant director Rudolf Sieber, who later became an assistant director at Paramount Pictures in France, responsible for foreign language dubbing. Their only child, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Riva" title="Maria Riva">Maria Riva</a>, was born in Berlin on 13 December 1924. Riva later became an actress, primarily working in television. When Maria gave birth to a son (<a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Riva" title="J. Michael Riva">John</a>, later a famous production designer) in 1948, Dietrich was dubbed "the world's most glamorous grandmother". After Dietrich's death, Riva published a candid biography of her mother, titled Marlene Dietrich (1992). In it Dietrich is shown as a cold, manipulative narcissist who treated Riva more like an assistant or extension of herself than a daughter.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlene_and_Rudolf_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marlene_and_Rudolf_1923.jpg/220px-Marlene_and_Rudolf_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marlene_and_Rudolf_1923.jpg/330px-Marlene_and_Rudolf_1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marlene_and_Rudolf_1923.jpg/440px-Marlene_and_Rudolf_1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>Dietrich and Rudolf Sieber on their wedding day, 17 May 1923</figcaption></figure> Throughout her career, Dietrich had numerous affairs, some short-lived, some lasting decades, often overlapping and almost all known to her husband, to whom she was in the habit of passing the intimate letters from her lovers, sometimes with biting comments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiva1994344-96">[96]</a> When Dietrich arrived in Hollywood and filmed <a href="/wiki/Morocco_(film)" title="Morocco (film)">Morocco</a> (1930), she had an affair with <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>, even though he was having another affair with Mexican actress <a href="/wiki/Lupe_V%C3%A9lez" title="Lupe Vélez">Lupe Vélez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Vélez once said, "If I had the opportunity to do so, I would tear out Marlene Dietrich's eyes."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Another of her affairs was with actor <a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(actor)" title="John Gilbert (actor)">John Gilbert</a>, known for his professional and personal connection to <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a>. Gilbert's untimely death was one of the most painful events of her life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992207,_211-99">[99]</a> Dietrich also had a brief affair with <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr." title="Douglas Fairbanks Jr.">Douglas Fairbanks Jr.</a>, even though he was married to <a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992223-100">[100]</a> During the production of <a href="/wiki/Destry_Rides_Again" title="Destry Rides Again">Destry Rides Again</a>, Dietrich started a love affair with co-star <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>, which ended after filming stopped. According to writer/director <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a>, Marlene Dietrich told him during an aircraft flight that she became pregnant as a result of the affair, but had a surreptitious abortion without telling Stewart.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In 1938, Dietrich met and began a relationship with writer <a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a>, and in 1941, the French actor <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a>. He was probably the love of her life, but the relationship ended in 1948, for she desired that they live in New York and Gabin did not want to leave France.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In Paris, Dietrich had an affair with Suzanne Baulé, known as <a href="/wiki/Frede_(cabaret_manager)" title="Frede (cabaret manager)">Frede</a>, a coach and cabaret hostess whom she met in 1936 at the Monocle, a women's nightclub on Boulevard Edgar-Quinet in Paris. The two women remained friends until the 1970s, as can be seen in the correspondence kept in the Marlene Dietrich archives in Berlin. In the early 1930s, Dietrich also had an affair with Cuban-American writer <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_de_Acosta" title="Mercedes de Acosta">Mercedes de Acosta</a>, who claimed to also be Greta Garbo's lover. Sewing circle was a phrase used by Dietrich<a href="#cite_note-freeman-103">[103]</a> to describe the underground, closeted lesbian and bisexual film actresses and their relationships in Hollywood. In the supposed "Marlene's Sewing Circle" <a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> several other names of other close friends are mentioned, such as Ann Warner (the wife of <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a>, one of the owners of the Warner studios), <a href="/wiki/Lili_Damita" title="Lili Damita">Lili Damita</a> (an old friend of Marlene's from Berlin and the wife of <a href="/wiki/Errol_Flynn" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a>), <a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a> (whom Dietrich considered the most beautiful woman in Hollywood).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992240-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiva1994489,_675-107">[107]</a> The French singer <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a> was also one of Dietrich's closest friends during her stay in Paris in the 1950s, with Dietrich serving as Piaf's <a href="/wiki/Matron_of_honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Matron of honor">matron of honor</a> at her wedding to <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pills" title="Jacques Pills">Jacques Pills</a> in 1952; there were rumors of something more than just friendship between them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992316,_380-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheStar2019-09-17-109">[109]</a> When Dietrich was in her 50s she had a relationship with actor <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a>, which lasted more than a decade. Dietrich's love life continued into her 70s. Her lovers included <a href="/wiki/Errol_Flynn" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joe Kennedy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Todd" title="Mike Todd">Michael Todd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilding_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Wilding (actor)">Michael Wilding</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiva1994''passim''-112">[112]</a> Dietrich maintained her husband and his mistress first in Europe and later on a ranch in the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>, near Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiva1994[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmarlenedietrich00riva_0page612_612]-113">[113]</a> Dietrich was raised in the German <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> tradition of Christianity, but she abandoned it as a result of her experiences as a teenager during World War I, after hearing preachers from both sides invoking God as their support. "I lost my faith during the war and can't believe they are all up there, flying around or sitting at tables, all those I've lost."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach2011-114">[114]</a> Quoting <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a> in her autobiography, she wrote, "If God created this world, he should review his plan."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Political views">edit</a>]</div> Dietrich endorsed <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign">presidential campaign</a> in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> Dietrich was an icon to fashion designers and screen stars. <a href="/wiki/Edith_Head" title="Edith Head">Edith Head</a> remarked that Dietrich knew more about fashion than any other actress. Marlene Dietrich favoured Dior. In an interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> in 1960, she said, "I dress for the image. Not for myself, not for the public, not for fashion, not for men. If I dressed for myself I wouldn't bother at all. Clothes bore me. I'd wear <a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">jeans</a>. I adore jeans. I get them in a public store—men's, of course; I can't wear women's trousers. But I dress for the profession."<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Swarovski" title="Swarovski">Swarovski</a> commissioned a $60,000 <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>-styled dress in the style of her famous "nude dress", from Berlin-based fashion tech company ElektroCouture to honor Dietrich 25 years after her death. It contains 2,000 crystals in addition to 150 LED lights.<a href="#cite_note-ForbesElektro-118">[118]</a> ElektroCouture owner Lisa Lang said that the dress was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Circuit_diagram" title="Circuit diagram">electrical diagrams</a> and correspondence that took place between the actress and fashion designer Jean Louis in 1958: "She wanted a dress that glows, she wanted to be able to control it herself from the stage and she knew she could have died of an electric stroke had it ever been realized." The dress created by Lang's company was featured in French-German broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a>'s documentary Das letzte Kleid der Marlene Dietrich ('The Last Dress of Marlene Dietrich').<a href="#cite_note-WWD-119">[119]</a> Her public image included openly defying sexual norms, and she was known for her androgynous film roles and her bisexuality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGammel2012373-120">[120]</a> A significant volume of academic literature, especially since 1975, analyzes Dietrich's image, as created by the film industry, within various theoretical frameworks, including that of psycho-analysis. Emphasis is placed, inter alia, on the "fetishistic" manipulation of the female image.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gedenktafel_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gedenktafel_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/220px-Gedenktafel_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gedenktafel_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/330px-Gedenktafel_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gedenktafel_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg/440px-Gedenktafel_Marlene_Dietrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="962" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative plaque at the house where she was born in Berlin</figcaption></figure> In 1992, a plaque was unveiled at Leberstraße 65 in Berlin-Schöneberg, the site of Dietrich's birth. A postage stamp bearing her portrait was issued in Germany on 14 August 1997. The main-belt asteroid <a href="/wiki/1010_Marlene" title="1010 Marlene">1010 Marlene</a>, discovered by German astronomer <a href="/wiki/Karl_Reinmuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Reinmuth">Karl Reinmuth</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg Observatory">Heidelberg Observatory</a> in 1923, was named in her honor.<a href="#cite_note-springer-122">[122]</a> For some Germans, Dietrich remained a controversial figure for having sided with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> during World War II. In 1996, after some debate, it was decided not to name a street after her in Berlin-Schöneberg, her birthplace.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> However, on 8 November 1997, the central Marlene-Dietrich-Platz was unveiled in Berlin to honour her. The commemoration reads: Berliner Weltstar des Films und des Chansons. Einsatz für Freiheit und Demokratie, für Berlin und Deutschland ("Berlin world star of film and song. Dedication to freedom and democracy, to Berlin and Germany"). Dietrich was made an honorary citizen of Berlin on 16 May 2002. Translated from German, her memorial plaque reads <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <blockquote><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style>Berlin Memorial Plaque "Where have all the flowers gone" <big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791">Marlene Dietrich</big> 27 December 1901 – 6 May 1992 Actress and Singer She was one of the few German actresses who attained international significance. Despite tempting offers by the Nazi regime, she emigrated to the USA and became an American citizen. In 2002, the city of Berlin posthumously made her an honorary citizen. "I am, thank God, a Berliner." Funded by the <a href="/wiki/GASAG" title="GASAG">GASAG</a> Berlin Gasworks Corporation.</div></blockquote> The U.S. government awarded Dietrich the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Freedom_(1945)" title="Medal of Freedom (1945)">Medal of Freedom</a> for her war work. Dietrich has been quoted as saying this was the honor of which she was most proud in her life. They also awarded her with the Operation Entertainment Medal. The French government made her a Chevalier (later upgraded to Commandeur) of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> and a Commandeur of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a>. Her other awards include the Medallion of Honor of the State of Israel, the Fashion Foundation of America award and a Chevalier de l'<a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Ordre de Leopold</a> (Belgium).<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Dietrich is referenced in a number of popular 20th century songs, including <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hart" title="Rodgers and Hart">Rodgers and Hart</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Most_Beautiful_Girl_in_the_World_(1935_song)" title="The Most Beautiful Girl in the World (1935 song)">The Most Beautiful Girl in the World</a>" (1935), <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sarstedt" title="Peter Sarstedt">Peter Sarstedt</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Where_Do_You_Go_To,_My_Lovely%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Where Do You Go To, My Lovely?">Where Do You Go To, My Lovely?</a>" (1969), <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Vega" title="Suzanne Vega">Suzanne Vega</a>'s "Marlene on the Wall" (1985), <a href="/wiki/Peter_Murphy_(musician)" title="Peter Murphy (musician)">Peter Murphy</a>'s "Marlene Dietrich's Favourite Poem" (1989), and <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)" title="Vogue (Madonna song)">Vogue</a>" (1990). She is the inspiration for the song "Blue Heaven" from <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Broadcasting_(band)" title="Public Service Broadcasting (band)">Public Service Broadcasting</a>'s 2021 album <a href="/wiki/Bright_Magic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright Magic">Bright Magic</a> and the 2021 <a href="/wiki/Black_Midi" title="Black Midi">Black Midi</a> album <a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_(Black_Midi_album)" title="Cavalcade (Black Midi album)">Cavalcade</a> contains the song "Marlene Dietrich".<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In 2000, a German biopic, <a href="/wiki/Marlene_(2000_film)" title="Marlene (2000 film)">Marlene</a>, was released. The biopic was directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vilsmaier" title="Joseph Vilsmaier">Joseph Vilsmaier</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Katja_Flint" title="Katja Flint">Katja Flint</a> as Dietrich.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> On 27 December 2017, she was given a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a> on the 116th anniversary of her birth.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The doodle was designed by American drag artist <a href="/wiki/Sasha_Velour" title="Sasha Velour">Sasha Velour</a>, who cites Dietrich as a big inspiration due to her "gender-bending" fashion and political views.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Sasha portrayed Marlene during her time at competitive reality series <a href="/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race" title="RuPaul's Drag Race">RuPaul's Drag Race</a>. On 14 May 2020, she was part of an <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> cover celebrating <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> celebrities.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In 2023, notable artist <a href="/wiki/William_Kentridge" title="William Kentridge">William Kentridge</a> included a drawing of Dietrich in his solo museum exhibition at <a href="/wiki/The_Broad" title="The Broad">The Broad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography">Filmography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich_filmography" title="Marlene Dietrich filmography">Marlene Dietrich filmography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discography">Discography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich_discography" title="Marlene Dietrich discography">Marlene Dietrich discography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a>]</div> Noteworthy appearances include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lux Radio Theater">Lux Radio Theater</a>: The Legionnaire and the Lady with Clark Gable (1 August 1936)</li> <li>Lux Radio Theater: Desire with Herbert Marshall (22 July 1937)</li> <li>Lux Radio Theater: Song of Songs with Douglas Fairbanks, Jr (20 December 1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chase_and_Sanborn_Hour" title="The Chase and Sanborn Hour">The Chase and Sanborn Hour</a> with Edgar Bergen and Don Ameche (2 June 1938)</li> <li>Lux Radio Theater: Manpower with Edward G Robinson and George Raft (15 March 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Screen_Guild_Theater" title="The Screen Guild Theater">The Gulf Screen Guild Theater</a>: Pittsburgh with John Wayne (12 April 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild_on_the_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre Guild on the Air">Theatre Guild on the Air</a>: Grand Hotel with Ray Milland (24 March 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Studio_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse Studio One">Studio One</a>: Arabesque (29 June 1948)</li> <li>Theatre Guild on the Air: The Letter with Walter Pidgeon (3 October 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Theatre" title="Ford Theatre">Ford Radio Theater</a>: Madame Bovary with Claude Rains (8 October 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Director%27s_Playhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Director's Playhouse">Screen Director's Playhouse</a>: A Foreign Affair with Rosalind Russell and John Lund (5 March 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MGM_Theater_of_the_Air" title="The MGM Theater of the Air">MGM Theatre of the Air</a>: Anna Karenina (9 December 1949)<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li>MGM Theatre of the Air: Camille (6 June 1950)</li> <li>Lux Radio Theater: No Highway in the Sky with James Stewart (21 April 1952)</li> <li>Screen Director's Playhouse: A Foreign Affair with Lucille Ball and John Lund (1 March 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Show_(NBC_Radio)" title="The Big Show (NBC Radio)">The Big Show</a> starring Tallulah Bankhead (2 October 1951)</li> <li>Marlene Dietrich in conversation with J.W. Lambert and Carl Wildman recorded after her season at the <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, London, BBC radio, 12 August 1965 (a shorter version had been broadcast on 2 April).</li> <li>The Child, with Godfrey Kenton, radio play by Shirley Jenkins, produced by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Imison" title="Richard Imison">Richard Imison</a> for the BBC on 18 August 1965</li> <li>Dietrich's appeal to save the <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Studio" title="Babelsberg Studio">Babelsberg Studio</a> was broadcast on BBC radio</li></ul> Dietrich made several appearances on <a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Network" title="American Forces Network">Armed Forces Radio Services</a> shows like The Army Hour and Command Performance during the war years. In 1952, she had her own series on American ABC entitled, <a href="/wiki/Cafe_Istanbul" title="Cafe Istanbul">Cafe Istanbul</a>. During 1953–54, she starred in 38 episodes of <a href="/wiki/Time_for_Love_(radio_program)" title="Time for Love (radio program)">Time for Love</a> on CBS (which debuted 15 January 1953).<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> She recorded 94 short inserts, "Dietrich Talks on Love and Life", for NBC's <a href="/wiki/Monitor_(NBC_Radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monitor (NBC Radio)">Monitor</a> in 1958. Dietrich gave many radio interviews worldwide on her concert tours. In 1960, her show at the <a href="/wiki/Tuschinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuschinsky">Tuschinski</a> in Amsterdam was broadcast live on Dutch radio. Her 1962 appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Olympia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Olympia">Olympia</a> in Paris was also broadcast. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a>, Dietrich asked to choose eight recordings, broadcast Monday 4 January 1965</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Writing">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDietrich1962" class="citation book cs1">Dietrich, Marlene (1962). Marlene Dietrich's ABC. Doubleday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich%27s+ABC&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dietrich, Marlene (1979). Nehmt nur mein Leben: Reflexionen (in German). Goldmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-442-06327-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-442-06327-7"><bdi>978-3-442-06327-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nehmt+nur+mein+Leben%3A+Reflexionen&rft.pub=Goldmann&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-3-442-06327-7&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich1989" class="citation book cs1">Dietrich, Marlene (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marlene00diet">Marlene</a>. Salvator Attanasio (translator). Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1117-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1117-3"><bdi>978-0-8021-1117-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-1117-3&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarlene00diet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich1990" class="citation book cs1">Dietrich, Marlene (1990). Some Facts About Myself. <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Helnwein" title="Gottfried Helnwein">Helnwein, Gottfried</a> [Conception and photographs]. Edition Cantz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89322-226-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89322-226-1"><bdi>978-3-89322-226-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Facts+About+Myself&rft.pub=Edition+Cantz&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-3-89322-226-1&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich2005" class="citation book cs1">Dietrich, Marlene (2005). Nachtgedanken. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Riva" title="Maria Riva">Riva, Maria</a> [Edited by]. C. Bertelsmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-570-00874-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-570-00874-4"><bdi>978-3-570-00874-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nachtgedanken&rft.pub=C.+Bertelsmann&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-570-00874-4&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting/Drawing">Painting/Drawing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Painting/Drawing">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1941: Max Ernst finished the picture Marlene in oil who bears her facial features.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_St%C3%B6hr" title="Hannes Stöhr">Hannes Stöhr</a> wrote the stage play Marlene in Hollywood,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> which he staged in 2023 with the <a href="/wiki/Theater_Lindenhof" title="Theater Lindenhof">Theater Lindenhof</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burladingen" title="Burladingen">Burladingen</a>-<a href="/wiki/Melchingen" title="Melchingen">Melchingen</a>, Swabian Alb. The premiere took place there in May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The play was backed by the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Kinemathek" title="Deutsche Kinemathek">Deutsche Kinemathek</a>, it focuses on Dietrich's time in Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li>A stage musical about her life, <a href="/wiki/Marlene_(musical)" title="Marlene (musical)">Marlene</a>, debuted on London's <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> in 1997. This production transferred to <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in 1999. In both productions, Dietrich was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sian_Phillips" class="mw-redirect" title="Sian Phillips">Sian Phillips</a>, who was nominated for a Tony Award and an Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance as Dietrich.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li>During the production of <a href="/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)" title="Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> drew visual inspiration from Dietrich (along with <a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a>) for the <a href="/wiki/Evil_Queen_(Disney)" title="Evil Queen (Disney)">Evil Queen</a>'s facial features.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German-speaking_Academy_Award_winners_and_nominees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees">List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Berlin" title="List of people from Berlin">List of people from Berlin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VPtlAAAAIBAJ&pg=5104,3190136&dq=marlene+dietrich+american+citizen&hl=en">"Marlene Dietrich to be US Citizen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Painesville_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Painesville Telegraph">Painesville Telegraph</a>. 6 March 1937.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Painesville+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Marlene+Dietrich+to+be+US+Citizen&rft.date=1937-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DVPtlAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5104%2C3190136%26dq%3Dmarlene%2Bdietrich%2Bamerican%2Bcitizen%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UN5BAAAAIBAJ&pg=5899,2663618&dq=marlene+dietrich+american+citizen&hl=en">"Citizen Soon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Herald" title="Telegraph Herald">Telegraph Herald</a>. 10 March 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph+Herald&rft.atitle=Citizen+Soon&rft.date=1939-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DUN5BAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5899%2C2663618%26dq%3Dmarlene%2Bdietrich%2Bamerican%2Bcitizen%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YSRdAAAAIBAJ&pg=3524,1115404&dq=marlene+dietrich+american+citizen&hl=en">"Seize Luggage of Marlene Dietrich"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Journal-World" title="Lawrence Journal-World">Lawrence Journal-World</a>. 14 June 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lawrence+Journal-World&rft.atitle=Seize+Luggage+of+Marlene+Dietrich&rft.date=1939-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DYSRdAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3524%2C1115404%26dq%3Dmarlene%2Bdietrich%2Bamerican%2Bcitizen%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Born-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Born_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Born_4-1">b</a> Born as Maria Magdalena, not Marie Magdalene, according to Dietrich's biography by her daughter, Maria Riva (<a href="#CITEREFRiva1993">Riva 1993</a>); however, Dietrich's biography by Charlotte Chandler cites "Marie Magdalene" as her birth name (<a href="#CITEREFChandler2011">Chandler 2011</a>, p. 12). </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimesobit-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimesobit_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimesobit_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint1992" class="citation news cs1">Flint, Peter B. 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The Cinema Museum, London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinemamuseum.org.uk/2017/marlene-strides-the-stage-again-for-pride-2/">the original</a> on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cinema+Museum%2C+London&rft.atitle=Marlene+Dietrich+%E2%80%93+The+Ultimate+Gay+Icon+%C2%BB+The+Cinema+Museum%2C+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemamuseum.org.uk%2F2017%2Fmarlene-strides-the-stage-again-for-pride-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afi-7"><a href="#cite_ref-afi_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx">"AFI's 50 Greatest American Screen Legends"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>. Retrieved 30 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=AFI%27s+50+Greatest+American+Screen+Legends&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2F100years%2Fstars.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LZ4F-D5G/ottilie-josefine-elisabeth-dietrich-1900-1973">"FamilySearch.org"</a>. ancestors.familysearch.org. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ancestors.familysearch.org&rft.atitle=FamilySearch.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fancestors.familysearch.org%2Fen%2FLZ4F-D5G%2Fottilie-josefine-elisabeth-dietrich-1900-1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/louis-erich-otto-dietrich-24-6vrhrf">"Louis Erich Otto Dietrich 1867–1908 – Ancestry®"</a>. www.ancestry.com. Retrieved 21 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ancestry.com&rft.atitle=Louis+Erich+Otto+Dietrich+1867%E2%80%931908+%E2%80%93+Ancestry%C2%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fgenealogy%2Frecords%2Flouis-erich-otto-dietrich-24-6vrhrf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach201119-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach201119_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach2011">Bach 2011</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815061447/http://ourqueerhistory.com/marlene-dietrich-german-american-actress-and-singer/">"Marlene Dietrich (German-American actress and singer)"</a>. Our Queer History. 9 February 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourqueerhistory.com/marlene-dietrich-german-american-actress-and-singer/">the original</a> on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+Queer+History&rft.atitle=Marlene+Dietrich+%28German-American+actress+and+singer%29&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourqueerhistory.com%2Fmarlene-dietrich-german-american-actress-and-singer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonneborn2014" class="citation book cs1">Sonneborn, Liz (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yf2741A_BkYC&q=maria+magdalena+dietrich&pg=PA56">A to Z of American Women in the Performing Arts</a>. Infobase. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0790-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0790-5"><bdi>978-1-4381-0790-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+to+Z+of+American+Women+in+the+Performing+Arts&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0790-5&rft.aulast=Sonneborn&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYf2741A_BkYC%26q%3Dmaria%2Bmagdalena%2Bdietrich%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199220-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199220_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199226-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199226_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199232-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199232_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199239-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199239_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199242-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199242_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199244-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199244_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199249-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199249_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992491-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992491_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 491. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach201162-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach201162_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach2011">Bach 2011</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach199265-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach199265_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992480-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992480_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992480_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 480. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992482-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992482_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 482. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992483-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992483_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 483. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992488-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992488_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 488. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Ship-Lost-Schiff-verlorenen-Menschen/dp/B008L1GDK6">"Ship of Lost Men (Das Schiff der verlorenen Menschen)"</a>. Amazon. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ship+of+Lost+Men+%28Das+Schiff+der+verlorenen+Menschen%29&rft.pub=Amazon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FShip-Lost-Schiff-verlorenen-Menschen%2Fdp%2FB008L1GDK6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Sarris, 1966. p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studiobabelsberg.com/en/filming-in-germany-film-production-services-soft-money-incentives-germany/100th-anniversary-of-studio-babelsberg/">"100th anniversary of Studio Babelsberg"</a>. www.studiobabelsberg.com. Retrieved 6 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.studiobabelsberg.com&rft.atitle=100th+anniversary+of+Studio+Babelsberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiobabelsberg.com%2Fen%2Ffilming-in-germany-film-production-services-soft-money-incentives-germany%2F100th-anniversary-of-studio-babelsberg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmportal.de/en/movie/der-blaue-engel_ea43d4a69a155006e03053d50b37753d">"filmportal: The Blue Angel"</a>. www.filmportal.de. Retrieved 6 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=filmportal%3A+The+Blue+Angel&rft.pub=www.filmportal.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmportal.de%2Fen%2Fmovie%2Fder-blaue-engel_ea43d4a69a155006e03053d50b37753d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223074337/https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/22530/lot/170/">"The Ex-Marlene Dietrich, Multiple Best in Show Winning 1930 Rolls-Royce Phantom"</a>. Bonhams. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonhams.com/auctions/22530/lot/170/">the original</a> on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ex-Marlene+Dietrich%2C+Multiple+Best+in+Show+Winning+1930+Rolls-Royce+Phantom&rft.pub=Bonhams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Fauctions%2F22530%2Flot%2F170%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> See e.g., <a href="#CITEREFThomson1975">Thomson (1975)</a>, p. 587: "He was not an easy man to be directed by. Many actors—notably [Emil] Jannings and William Powell—reacted violently to him. Dietrich adored him, and trusted him. ... " </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucas-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlockWilson2010" class="citation book cs1">Block, Alex Ben; Wilson, Lucy Autry (30 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex/page/164/mode/2up?q=City+Lights">George Lucas's blockbusting: A Decade-by-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success</a>. <a href="/wiki/It_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="It Books">It Books</a>. pp. 164–165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-196345-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-196345-2"><bdi>978-0-06-196345-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Lucas%27s+blockbusting%3A+A+Decade-by-Decade+Survey+of+Timeless+Movies+Including+Untold+Secrets+of+Their+Financial+and+Cultural+Success&rft.pages=164-165&rft.pub=It+Books&rft.date=2010-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-06-196345-2&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=Alex+Ben&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Lucy+Autry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeorgelucassbloc00alex%2Fpage%2F164%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DCity%2BLights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> See, for example, <a href="#CITEREFThomson1975">Thomson (1975)</a>. The entry for Dietrich: "With him [von Sternberg] Dietrich made seven masterpieces [i.e., Blue Angel in Germany and the six in Hollywood], films that are still breathtakingly modern, which have no superior for their sense of artificiality suffused with emotion and which visually combine decadence and austerity, tenderness and cruelty, gaiety and despair." </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> See, for example, the entries for Dietrich and Sternberg in <a href="#CITEREFThomson1975">Thomson (1975)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNightingale1979" class="citation news cs1">Nightingale, Benedict (1 February 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/01/28/archives/after-making-nine-films-together-hepburn-can-practically-direct.html">"After Making Nine Films Together, Hepburn Can Practically Direct Cukor; Hepburn Helps Cukor Direct The Corn Is Green'"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+Making+Nine+Films+Together%2C+Hepburn+Can+Practically+Direct+Cukor%3B+Hepburn+Helps+Cukor+Direct+The+Corn+Is+Green%27&rft.date=1979-02-01&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F01%2F28%2Farchives%2Fafter-making-nine-films-together-hepburn-can-practically-direct.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpoto1992-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpoto1992_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpoto1992_37-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpoto1992">Spoto 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992210–211-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992210–211_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, pp. 210–211. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicmoviefavorites.com/how-joan-crawford-survived-box-office-poison-twice/">"How Joan Crawford Survived Box Office Poison twice!"</a>. 29 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Joan+Crawford+Survived+Box+Office+Poison+twice%21&rft.date=2015-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicmoviefavorites.com%2Fhow-joan-crawford-survived-box-office-poison-twice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helm-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Helm_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelm2000" class="citation news cs1">Helm, Toby (24 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221113112259/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/1344765/Film-star-felt-ashamed-of-Belsen-link.html">"Film star felt ashamed of Belsen link"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/1344765/Film-star-felt-ashamed-of-Belsen-link.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Film+star+felt+ashamed+of+Belsen+link&rft.date=2000-06-24&rft.aulast=Helm&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2F1344765%2FFilm-star-felt-ashamed-of-Belsen-link.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sudendorf-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sudendorf_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sudendorf_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sudendorf_41-2">c</a> Sudendorf, Werner. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925155636/http://www.marlenedietrich.org/plusMuseum6.htm">"Thanks Soldier"</a>. MarleneDietrich.org. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marlenedietrich.org/plusMuseum6.htm">the original</a> on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarleneDietrich.org&rft.atitle=Thanks+Soldier&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marlenedietrich.org%2FplusMuseum6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijckheyt.nl/cultureel-erfgoed/royal-theater">"Rijckheyt – centrum voor regionale geschiedenis"</a>. www.rijckheyt.nl (in Dutch).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rijckheyt.nl&rft.atitle=Rijckheyt+%E2%80%93+centrum+voor+regionale+geschiedenis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijckheyt.nl%2Fcultureel-erfgoed%2Froyal-theater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sistercelluloid.com/2014/12/27/a-soldier-lovingly-remembers-marlene-dietrich/">"A Soldier Lovingly Remembers Marlene Dietrich"</a>. Sister Celluloid. 27 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sister+Celluloid&rft.atitle=A+Soldier+Lovingly+Remembers+Marlene+Dietrich&rft.date=2014-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsistercelluloid.com%2F2014%2F12%2F27%2Fa-soldier-lovingly-remembers-marlene-dietrich%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821072941/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2008-featured-story-archive/marlene-dietrich.html">"A Look Back ... Marlene Dietrich: Singing For A Cause"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. 23 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2008-featured-story-archive/marlene-dietrich.html">the original</a> on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Look+Back+...+Marlene+Dietrich%3A+Singing+For+A+Cause&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2008-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fnews-information%2Ffeatured-story-archive%2F2008-featured-story-archive%2Fmarlene-dietrich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh199858-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh199858_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcIntosh1998">McIntosh 1998</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh199859-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcIntosh199859_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcIntosh1998">McIntosh 1998</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Marlene Dietrich: Her Own Song. TCM documentary. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich%3A+Her+Own+Song&rft.pub=TCM+documentary&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelm2000" class="citation news cs1">Helm, Toby (24 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/1344765/Film-star-felt-ashamed-of-Belsen-link.html">"Film star felt ashamed of Belsen link"</a>. The Telegraph. Retrieved 28 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Film+star+felt+ashamed+of+Belsen+link&rft.date=2000-06-24&rft.aulast=Helm&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2F1344765%2FFilm-star-felt-ashamed-of-Belsen-link.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1947/11/18/104376577.pdf">"Miss Dietrich to Receive Medal"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. 18 November 1947.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Miss+Dietrich+to+Receive+Medal&rft.date=1947-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1947%2F11%2F18%2F104376577.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-whoswho.de-51"><a href="#cite_ref-whoswho.de_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoswho.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=198&RID=1">"Marlene Dietrich : Biography"</a>. Who's Who – The People Lexicon (in German). www.whoswho.de. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QwxFfhiFcAAC&q=%22sewing+circles%22+lesbian&pg=PA3">the original</a> on 25 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sewing+Circle%3A+Sappho%27s+Leading+Ladies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Kensington+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7582-0101-0&rft.aulast=Madsen&rft.aufirst=Axel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQwxFfhiFcAAC%26q%3D%2522sewing%2Bcircles%2522%2Blesbian%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoser2011" class="citation book cs1">Moser, Margaret (2011). Movie Stars Do the Dumbest Things. Macmillan. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-7837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-7837-8"><bdi>978-1-4299-7837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Movie+Stars+Do+the+Dumbest+Things&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4299-7837-8&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992240-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992240_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, p. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiva1994489,_675-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiva1994489,_675_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRiva1994">Riva 1994</a>, pp. 489, 675. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach1992316,_380-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach1992316,_380_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach1992">Bach 1992</a>, pp. 316, 380. </li> <li id="cite_note-TheStar2019-09-17-109"><a href="#cite_ref-TheStar2019-09-17_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarly_Maga2019" class="citation news cs1">Carly Maga (17 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/stage/opinion/2019/09/17/stars-embrace-playing-marlene-dietrich-and-edith-piaf-the-kind-of-women-everybodys-trying-to-be-right-now.html">"Edith Piaf, 'the kind of women everybody's trying to be right now'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918063714/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/stage/opinion/2019/09/17/stars-embrace-playing-marlene-dietrich-and-edith-piaf-the-kind-of-women-everybodys-trying-to-be-right-now.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019. <q>The latter was notably present at Piaf's 1952 wedding to singer Jacques Pills, but the women's relationship began in the 1940s as Piaf was first trying to break into American entertainment and Dietrich took the sparrow under her wing, so to speak.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Edith+Piaf%2C+%27the+kind+of+women+everybody%27s+trying+to+be+right+now%27&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.au=Carly+Maga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fstage%2Fopinion%2F2019%2F09%2F17%2Fstars-embrace-playing-marlene-dietrich-and-edith-piaf-the-kind-of-women-everybodys-trying-to-be-right-now.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNulty2004" class="citation book cs1">McNulty, Thomas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SMb1DpW1_YgC&pg=PA32">Errol Flynn: The Life and Career</a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1750-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1750-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-1750-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Errol+Flynn%3A+The+Life+and+Career&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1750-6&rft.aulast=McNulty&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSMb1DpW1_YgC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2009/03/dietrich-kennedy200903">"It Happened in the Hotel du Cap"</a>. Vanity Fair. March 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It+Happened+in+the+Hotel+du+Cap&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2F03%2Fdietrich-kennedy200903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiva1994''passim''-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiva1994''passim''_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRiva1994">Riva 1994</a>, passim. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiva1994[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmarlenedietrich00riva_0page612_612]-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiva1994[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmarlenedietrich00riva_0page612_612]_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRiva1994">Riva 1994</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marlenedietrich00riva_0/page/612">612</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach2011-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach2011_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBach2011">Bach 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNugent2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nugent" title="Michael Nugent">Nugent, Michael</a> (15 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201172332/http://www.michaelnugent.com/resources/famous-atheists/dead-atheists-society">"Dead Atheists Society"</a>. Michaelnugent.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelnugent.com/resources/famous-atheists/dead-atheists-society">the original</a> on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michaelnugent.com&rft.atitle=Dead+Atheists+Society&rft.date=2010-09-15&rft.aulast=Nugent&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelnugent.com%2Fresources%2Ffamous-atheists%2Fdead-atheists-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/heres-what-rfk-did-in-cal_b_80931">"Here's What RFK Did in California in 1968"</a>. 10 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Here%27s+What+RFK+Did+in+California+in+1968&rft.date=2008-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fheres-what-rfk-did-in-cal_b_80931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2012/mar/05/archive-marlene-dietrich-wardobe-secrets">"From the Observer archive, 6 March 1960: Marlene Dietrich's wardrobe secrets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+the+Observer+archive%2C+6+March+1960%3A+Marlene+Dietrich%27s+wardrobe+secrets&rft.date=2012-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2Fmar%2F05%2Farchive-marlene-dietrich-wardobe-secrets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForbesElektro-118"><a href="#cite_ref-ForbesElektro_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Knowles, Kitty (1 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kittyknowles/2018/05/01/this-light-up-fashion-brand-blends-swarovski-luxury-with-edgy-berlin-swagger/#2d3c29e05474">"ElektroCouture: Inside The Fashion House Behind Swarovski's $60,000 Light-Up Dress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=ElektroCouture%3A+Inside+The+Fashion+House+Behind+Swarovski%27s+%2460%2C000+Light-Up+Dress&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Kitty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkittyknowles%2F2018%2F05%2F01%2Fthis-light-up-fashion-brand-blends-swarovski-luxury-with-edgy-berlin-swagger%2F%232d3c29e05474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWD-119"><a href="#cite_ref-WWD_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTran2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Tran, Quynh (10 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/marlene-dietrichs-fashion-tech-vision-10864565/">"Marlene Dietrich's Fashion Tech Vision"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily" title="Women's Wear Daily">Women's Wear Daily</a>. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Wear+Daily&rft.atitle=Marlene+Dietrich%27s+Fashion+Tech+Vision&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Quynh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwd.com%2Ffashion-news%2Ffashion-scoops%2Fmarlene-dietrichs-fashion-tech-vision-10864565%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGammel2012373-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGammel2012373_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGammel2012">Gammel 2012</a>, p. 373. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Weber_(author)" title="Caroline Weber (author)">Weber, Caroline</a> (September–November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookforum.com/inprint/014_03/855">"Academy Award: A new volume analyzes Dietrich in and out of the seminar room"</a>. Bookforum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bookforum&rft.atitle=Academy+Award%3A+A+new+volume+analyzes+Dietrich+in+and+out+of+the+seminar+room&rft.date=2007-09%2F2007-11&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookforum.com%2Finprint%2F014_03%2F855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-springer-122"><a href="#cite_ref-springer_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmadel2007" class="citation book cs1">Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1010) Marlene". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-29925-7_1011">10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-00238-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-00238-3"><bdi>978-3-540-00238-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%281010%29+Marlene&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Minor+Planet+Names&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-29925-7_1011&rft.isbn=978-3-540-00238-3&rft.aulast=Schmadel&rft.aufirst=Lutz+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222215555/http://www.germanhollywood.com/dietrich_2.html">"The German-Hollywood Connection: Dietrich's Street"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germanhollywood.com/dietrich_2.html">the original</a> on 22 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+German-Hollywood+Connection%3A+Dietrich%27s+Street&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.germanhollywood.com%2Fdietrich_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528051850/http://www.marlenedietrich.org.uk/id3.html">"The Legendary, Lovely Marlene"</a>. marlenedietrich.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marlenedietrich.org.uk/id3.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2013. 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Retrieved 14 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Pride+Forever%3A+EW%27s+LGBTQ+issue+celebrates+new+storytellers%2C+enduring+icons%2C+and+Hollywood+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fcelebrity%2Flgbtq-issue-pride-forever%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmadour2022" class="citation web cs1">Amadour (7 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lamag.com/art/with-a-show-at-the-broad-artist-william-kentridge-talks-hollywood">"15 Minutes With Visionary Artist William Kentridge"</a>. LAmag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LAmag+-+Culture%2C+Food%2C+Fashion%2C+News+%26+Los+Angeles&rft.atitle=15+Minutes+With+Visionary+Artist+William+Kentridge&rft.date=2022-12-07&rft.au=Amadour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flamag.com%2Fart%2Fwith-a-show-at-the-broad-artist-william-kentridge-talks-hollywood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorse1949" class="citation news cs1">Morse, Leon (22 October 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lg4EAAAAMBAJ&q=%22MGM+Theater+of+the+Air%22&pg=PT8">"The MGM Theater of the Air"</a>. Billboard. Retrieved 25 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+MGM+Theater+of+the+Air&rft.date=1949-10-22&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLg4EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%2522MGM%2BTheater%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAir%2522%26pg%3DPT8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby1953" class="citation news cs1">Kirby, Walter (11 January 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2648547/the_decatur_daily_review/">"Better Radio Programs for the Week"</a>. The Decatur Daily Review. The Decatur Daily Review. p. 42. Retrieved 19 June 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Decatur+Daily+Review&rft.atitle=Better+Radio+Programs+for+the+Week&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1953-01-11&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F2648547%2Fthe_decatur_daily_review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.wahooart.com/@@/8EWLLP-Max-Ernst-Marlene">"Max Ernst – Marlene"</a>. De.wahooart.com. Retrieved 23 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=De.wahooart.com&rft.atitle=Max+Ernst+%E2%80%93+Marlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wahooart.com%2F%40%40%2F8EWLLP-Max-Ernst-Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheater_Lindenhof2023" class="citation web cs1">Theater Lindenhof (28 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230919101033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1bUQ_j_z7g">"Trailer MARLENE IN HOLLYWOOD - Theater Lindenhof"</a>. YouTube. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1bUQ_j_z7g">the original</a> on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Trailer+MARLENE+IN+HOLLYWOOD+-+Theater+Lindenhof&rft.date=2023-07-28&rft.au=Theater+Lindenhof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DI1bUQ_j_z7g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theater-lindenhof.de/spielplan-2/stuecke/marlene-dietrich-in-hollywood/">"Marlene in Hollywood"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marlene+in+Hollywood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theater-lindenhof.de%2Fspielplan-2%2Fstuecke%2Fmarlene-dietrich-in-hollywood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theater-lindenhof.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Programmheft_Marlene_Dietrich_in_Hollywood_web.pdf">"Marlene in Hollywood"</a> (PDF) (in German). Theater Lindenhof. Retrieved 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marlene+in+Hollywood&rft.pub=Theater+Lindenhof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theater-lindenhof.de%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F05%2FProgrammheft_Marlene_Dietrich_in_Hollywood_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefkowitz1998" class="citation web cs1">Lefkowitz, David (23 December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://playbill.com/article/marlene-with-sian-phillips-as-dietrich-to-reach-bway-april-11-com-79131">"Marlene, With Sian Phillips as Dietrich, To Reach Bway April 11"</a>. Playbill. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Marlene%2C+With+Sian+Phillips+as+Dietrich%2C+To+Reach+Bway+April+11&rft.date=1998-12-23&rft.aulast=Lefkowitz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplaybill.com%2Farticle%2Fmarlene-with-sian-phillips-as-dietrich-to-reach-bway-april-11-com-79131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach1992" class="citation book cs1">Bach, Steven (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marlenedietrichl00bach">Marlene Dietrich: Life and Legend</a>. William Morrow and Company, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-07119-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-07119-6"><bdi>978-0-688-07119-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich%3A+Life+and+Legend&rft.pub=William+Morrow+and+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-688-07119-6&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarlenedietrichl00bach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach2011" class="citation book cs1">Bach, Steven (2011). Marlene Dietrich: Life and Legend. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7584-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7584-5"><bdi>978-0-8166-7584-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich%3A+Life+and+Legend&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-7584-5&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler2011" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, Charlotte (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marlenemarlenedi00chan">Marlene Dietrich, a personal biography</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-8835-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-8835-4"><bdi>978-1-4391-8835-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich%2C+a+personal+biography&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-8835-4&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarlenemarlenedi00chan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGammel2012" class="citation journal cs1">Gammel, Irene (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/898185">"Lacing up the Gloves: Women, Boxing and Modernity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cultural_and_Social_History" title="Cultural and Social History">Cultural and Social History</a>. 9 (3): 369–390. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F147800412X13347542916620">10.2752/147800412X13347542916620</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146585456">146585456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+and+Social+History&rft.atitle=Lacing+up+the+Gloves%3A+Women%2C+Boxing+and+Modernity&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=369-390&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F147800412X13347542916620&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146585456%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gammel&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F898185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntosh1998" class="citation book cs1">McIntosh, Elizabeth P. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sisterhoodofspie00mcin">Sisterhood of Spies: The Women of the OSS</a>. London: Dell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-440-23466-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-440-23466-1"><bdi>978-0-440-23466-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sisterhood+of+Spies%3A+The+Women+of+the+OSS&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Dell&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-440-23466-1&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsisterhoodofspie00mcin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley1978" class="citation book cs1">Morley, Sheridan (1978). Marlene Dietrich. Sphere Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7221-6163-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7221-6163-0"><bdi>978-0-7221-6163-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich&rft.pub=Sphere+Books&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-7221-6163-0&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Sheridan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor1991" class="citation book cs1">O'Connor, Patrick (1991). The Amazing Blonde Woman: Dietrich's Own Style. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-1264-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-1264-6"><bdi>978-0-7475-1264-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazing+Blonde+Woman%3A+Dietrich%27s+Own+Style&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-1264-6&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiva1993" class="citation book cs1">Riva, Maria (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marlenedite00riva">Marlene Dietrich</a> (1st ed.). Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58692-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58692-2"><bdi>978-0-394-58692-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-394-58692-2&rft.aulast=Riva&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarlenedite00riva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiva1994" class="citation book cs1">Riva, Maria (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marlenedietrich00riva_0">Marlene Dietrich</a>. Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-38645-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-38645-8"><bdi>978-0-345-38645-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlene+Dietrich&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-345-38645-8&rft.aulast=Riva&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarlenedietrich00riva_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpoto1992" class="citation book cs1">Spoto, Donald (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blueangellifeofm00spot">Blue Angel: The Life of Marlene Dietrich</a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-42553-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-42553-7"><bdi>978-0-385-42553-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Angel%3A+The+Life+of+Marlene+Dietrich&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-385-42553-7&rft.aulast=Spoto&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblueangellifeofm00spot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson1975" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, David (1975). A Biographical Dictionary of the Cinema. London: Secker and Warburg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-436-52010-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-436-52010-5"><bdi>978-0-436-52010-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+the+Cinema&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Secker+and+Warburg&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-436-52010-5&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr1970" class="citation book cs1">Carr, Larry (1970). Four Fabulous Faces:The Evolution and Metamorphosis of Swanson, Garbo, Crawford and Dietrich. Doubleday and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87000-108-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87000-108-6"><bdi>978-0-87000-108-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Fabulous+Faces%3AThe+Evolution+and+Metamorphosis+of+Swanson%2C+Garbo%2C+Crawford+and+Dietrich&rft.pub=Doubleday+and+Company&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-87000-108-6&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips,_James2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Phillips" title="James Andrew Phillips">Phillips, James</a> (2019). Sternberg and Dietrich: The Phenomenology of Spectacle. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091524-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-091524-7"><bdi>978-0-19-091524-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sternberg+and+Dietrich%3A+The+Phenomenology+of+Spectacle&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-091524-7&rft.au=Phillips%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiva2006" class="citation book cs1">Riva, David J. (2006). A Woman at War: Marlene Dietrich Remembered. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3249-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3249-8"><bdi>978-0-8143-3249-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Woman+at+War%3A+Marlene+Dietrich+Remembered&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-3249-8&rft.aulast=Riva&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1984" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Alexander (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dietrich00walk">Dietrich</a>. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-015319-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-015319-9"><bdi>978-0-06-015319-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietrich&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-06-015319-9&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdietrich00walk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarlene+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marlene_Dietrich" title="Template:Marlene Dietrich"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marlene_Dietrich" title="Template talk:Marlene Dietrich"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marlene_Dietrich" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marlene Dietrich"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marlene_Dietrich" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marlene Dietrich</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich_Overseas" title="Marlene Dietrich Overseas">Marlene Dietrich Overseas</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_neue_Marlene" title="Die neue Marlene">Die neue Marlene</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_singt_Berlin,_Berlin" title="Marlene singt Berlin, Berlin">Marlene singt Berlin, Berlin</a> (1965)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Caf%C3%A9_de_Paris" title="Live at the Café de Paris">Live at the Café de Paris</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_in_Rio" title="Dietrich in Rio">Dietrich in Rio</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiedersehen_mit_Marlene" title="Wiedersehen mit Marlene">Wiedersehen mit Marlene</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_in_London" title="Dietrich in London">Dietrich in London</a> (1965)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Falling_in_Love_Again_(Can%27t_Help_It)" title="Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)">Falling in Love Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Boys_in_the_Back_Room_(song)" title="The Boys in the Back Room (song)">The Boys in the Backroom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lili_Marleen#Marlene_Dietrich_version" title="Lili Marleen">Lili Marlene</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_Have_All_the_Flowers_Gone%3F" title="Where Have All the Flowers Gone?">Sag' mir, wo die Blumen sind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind" title="Blowin' in the Wind">Die Antwort weiß ganz allein der Wind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_Rain_or_Come_Shine" title="Come Rain or Come Shine">Come Rain or Come Shine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Marlene_Dietrich" title="An Evening with Marlene Dietrich">An Evening with Marlene Dietrich</a> (2003)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich_discography" title="Marlene Dietrich discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich_filmography" title="Marlene Dietrich filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_(1984_film)" title="Marlene (1984 film)">Marlene</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_(2000_film)" title="Marlene (2000 film)">Marlene</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Special_Tony_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template talk:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_Tony_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Chamberlain" title="Dora Chamberlain">Dora Chamberlain</a> / Ira and Rita Katzenberg / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Leventhal" title="Jules Leventhal">Jules Leventhal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burns_Mantle" title="Burns Mantle">Burns Mantle</a> / P. A. MacDonald / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sardi_Sr." title="Vincent Sardi Sr.">Vincent Sardi Sr.</a> (1947)</li> <li>Vera Allen / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Beisman" title="Paul Beisman">Paul Beisman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_E._Brown" title="Joe E. Brown">Joe E. Brown</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Dowling" title="Robert W. Dowling">Robert W. Dowling</a> / Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder / <a href="/wiki/June_Lockhart" title="June Lockhart">June Lockhart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Pierce_(backstage_doorman)" title="George Pierce (backstage doorman)">George Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1948)</li> <li>No award (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> / Philip Faversham / <a href="/wiki/Brock_Pemberton" title="Brock Pemberton">Brock Pemberton</a> (1950)</li> <li>Ruth Green (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kook" title="Edward Kook">Edward Kook</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lillie" title="Beatrice Lillie">Beatrice Lillie</a> (1953)</li> <li>No award (1954)</li> <li>Proscenium Productions (1955)</li> <li>Fourth Street Chekov Theatre / <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">City Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">The New York Public Library Theatre Collection</a> / The Shakespearewrights / <a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="American Shakespeare Theatre">American Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault" title="Jean-Louis Barrault">Jean-Louis Barrault</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willie_Hammerstein" title="Willie Hammerstein">William Hammerstein</a> / Joseph Harbuck / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shyre" title="Paul Shyre">Paul Shyre</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Heims_Beck" title="Louise Heims Beck">Mrs. Martin Beck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/La_Plume_de_Ma_Tante" title="La Plume de Ma Tante">La Plume de Ma Tante</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Thurber" title="James Thurber">James Thurber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._McNeil_Lowry" title="W. McNeil Lowry">W. McNeil Lowry</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Miller" title="Gilbert Miller">Gilbert Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smith_(designer)" title="Oliver Smith (designer)">Oliver Smith</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Menken" title="Helen Menken">Helen Menken</a> (1966)</li> <li>No award (1967)</li> <li>APA-Phoenix Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marlene Dietrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">The National Theatre Company of Great Britain</a> / The <a href="/wiki/Negro_Ensemble_Company" title="Negro Ensemble Company">Negro Ensemble Company</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1970)</li> <li>Ingram Ash / <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Norton" title="Elliot Norton">Elliot Norton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a>-American Theatre Society (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Shubert_Organization" title="The Shubert Organization">Shubert Organization</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Candide_(operetta)" title="Candide (operetta)">Candide</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / Harold Friedlander / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Development_Fund" title="Theatre Development Fund">Theatre Development Fund</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Wharton_(lawyer)" title="John F. Wharton (lawyer)">John F. Wharton</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a> / Thomas H. Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Pincus" title="Mathilde Pincus">Mathilde Pincus</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford" title="Cheryl Crawford">Cheryl Crawford</a> / Equity Liberty Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_the_Deaf" title="National Theatre of the Deaf">National Theatre of the Deaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Dragoti" title="Stan Dragoti">Stan Dragoti</a> and Charles Moss (1978)</li> <li>Walter F. Diehl / <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1979)</li> <li>Richard Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> / Hobe Morrison (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">Warner Communications</a> (1982)</li> <li>No award (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Feller" title="Peter Feller">Peter Feller</a> / La Tragedie de Carmen (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a> (1985)</li> <li>No award (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Mason" title="Jackie Mason">Jackie Mason</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> (1988)</li> <li>No award (1989)</li> <li>No award (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Harvey Sabinson (1995)</li> <li>No award (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard B. Jacobs">Bernard B. Jacobs</a> (1997)</li> <li>Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> / Isabelle Stevenson (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage#2000–2009" title="Dame Edna Everage">Dame Edna: The Royal Tour</a> / T. Edward Hambleton (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> / Robert Whitehead (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a>' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Nederlander" title="James M. Nederlander">James M. Nederlander</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jones_(stage_actress)" title="Sarah Jones (stage actress)">Sarah Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (2006)</li> <li>No award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Seldes" title="Marian Seldes">Marian Seldes</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athol_Fugard" title="Athol Fugard">Athol Fugard</a> / Philip J. Smith (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gersten" title="Bernard Gersten">Bernard Gersten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a> / Paul Libin (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Greenwood" title="Jane Greenwood">Jane Greenwood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cameron_Mitchell" title="John Cameron Mitchell">John Cameron Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Mason" title="Marshall W. Mason">Marshall W. Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Miles Wilkin (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leguizamo" title="John Leguizamo">John Leguizamo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mazzie" title="Marin Mazzie">Marin Mazzie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Tilders" title="Sonny Tilders">Sonny Tilders</a> and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wheeler_(musician)" title="Harold Wheeler (musician)">Harold Wheeler</a> (2019)</li> <li>The Broadway Advocacy Coalition / <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne's</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Utopia_(film)" title="American Utopia (film)">American Utopia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Love_Supreme" title="Freestyle Love Supreme">Freestyle Love Supreme</a> / <a href="/wiki/Graciela_Daniele" title="Graciela Daniele">Graciela Daniele</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_C._Nicola" title="James C. Nicola">James C. Nicola</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Edelman" title="Alex Edelman">Alex Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abe_Jacob" title="Abe Jacob">Abe Jacob</a> / Nikiya Mathis / <a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4612#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121447133">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/97773925">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/10946/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmhKPhKGfhjhdCPp7dfbd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118525565">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/37655">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068439687">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90122240">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000094976&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000044391&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000043214">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=64197">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020L1645">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcfhdwk4m9l119">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810587896705606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260462105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058604972206706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13987413">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03486350?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500330915">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/191cba6a-b83f-49ca-883c-02b20c7a9dd5">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/e6fa39c1-f6cf-4718-83ff-567289a1f35d">KulturNav</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102002">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00007264">LexM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/d1082">BMLO</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1161527">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118525565.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118525565">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027561844">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580325">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h814p7">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6572jdj">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/61097">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&oldid=1258522319">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marlene_Dietrich&oldid=1258522319</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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