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gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Alpabetong+Gurmukhi" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Talaan ng mga Nilalaman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpabetong Gurmukhi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 52 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="गुरुमुखी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गुरुमुखी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%8A" title="أبجدية الكرمخي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية الكرمخي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80" title="গুৰমুখী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গুৰমুখী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurmuxi" title="Qurmuxi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qurmuxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80" title="গুরুমুখী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুরুমুখী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB" title="Gurmukhī – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gurmukhī" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C3%AD" title="Gurmukhí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gurmukhí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi-Schrift" title="Gurmukhi-Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gurmukhi-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%87%CE%B9" title="Γκουρμούχι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουρμούχι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmuka_skribsistemo" title="Gurmuka skribsistemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gurmuka skribsistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmuj%C3%AD" title="Gurmují – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gurmují" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87%DB%8C" title="الفبای گرمکهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای گرمکهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="गुरमुखी लिपि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुरमुखी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurumukhi" title="Gurumukhi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gurumukhi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Gurmukh%C4%AB" title="Aksara Gurmukhī – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Gurmukhī" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_gurmukhi" title="Alfabeto gurmukhi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="グルムキー文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルムキー文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf_Gurmukhi" title="Huruf Gurmukhi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Huruf Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗುರಮುಖಿ ಲಿಪಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುರಮುಖಿ ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%AC%B4%ED%82%A4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="구르무키 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구르무키 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_gurmuci" title="Alfabeta gurmuci – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta gurmuci" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="गुरमुखी लिपि – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गुरमुखी लिपि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BF" title="ഗുരുമുഖി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുരുമുഖി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="गुरमुखी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुरमुखी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Gurmukh" title="Aksara Gurmukh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aksara Gurmukh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="गुरुमुखी लिपि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गुरुमुखी लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80" title="ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_gurmukhi" title="Pismo gurmukhi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="گرمکھی لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرمکھی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ګورمکي ليکدود – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګورمکي ليکدود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Гурмукхи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гурмукхи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="गुरुमुखीलिपिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुरुमुखीलिपिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%BD" title="گرمکي اسڪرپٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرمکي اسڪرپٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_alphabet" title="Gurmukhi alphabet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gurmukhi alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="குர்முகி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குர்முகி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรคุรมุขี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรคุรมุขี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%96" title="Ґурмукхі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґурмукхі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="گرمکھی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرمکھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87" title="古木基文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古木基文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q689894#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alpabetong_Gurmukhi" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Alpabetong_Gurmukhi" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpabetong_Gurmukhi&oldid=2089353" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpabetong_Gurmukhi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:navajowhite; color:black;">Gurmukhi<br /></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Uri</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mga wika</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Predominantly:</b><br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sant_Bhasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sant Bhasha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gurmukhi</a></li></ul> </div> <b>atbp:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braj_Bhasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braj Bhasha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Braj Bhasha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khariboli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khariboli (hindi pa naisusulat)">Khariboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Sindhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Sindhi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Persa" title="Wikang Persa">Persa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Panahon</th><td class="infobox-data">16th century CE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mga magulang na sistema</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="line-height:100%;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpabetong_Proto-Sinaitic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpabetong Proto-Sinaitic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Alpabetong_Penisyo" title="Alpabetong Penisyo">Penisyo</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpabetong_Aramaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpabetong Aramaic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aramaic</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpabetong_Brahmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpabetong Brahmi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Brahmi</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantikang_Gupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantikang Gupta (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gupta</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panitikang_%C5%9A%C4%81rad%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panitikang Śāradā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Śāradā</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_panitikang_La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga panitikang Laṇḍā (hindi pa naisusulat)">Laṇḍā</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px; padding-left:0"><li>Gurmukhi</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mga kapatid na sistema</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khojki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khojki (hindi pa naisusulat)">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takri_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takri alphabet (hindi pa naisusulat)">Takri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ISO 15924</th><td class="infobox-data"><tt>Guru, 310</tt></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Direksyon</th><td class="infobox-data">Kaliwa-kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alyas-Unicode</th><td class="infobox-data">Gurmukhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lawak ng Unicode</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf">U+0A00–U+0A7F</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>PAALALA</b>: Maaaring naglalaman ang pahinang ito ng mga simbolong pamponetikong <a href="/wiki/Tulong:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulong:IPA">IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>Gurmukhi</b> (<small>IPA</small>: <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA">[ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]</a></span>; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) ay isang minodipika, <i>standardize</i> at ginamit sa pangalawang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_Sikh_guru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga Sikh guru (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sikh Guru</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Angad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guru Angad (hindi pa naisusulat)">Guru Angad</a> (1563–1606).<sup id="cite_ref-Bright1996p395_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bright1996p395-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jaincardona53_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaincardona53-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gurmukhi_-_The_Sikh_Alphabet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurmukhi_-_The_Sikh_Alphabet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Gurmukhi ay ginagamit sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Punjabi">wikang Punjabi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpabetong_Gurmukhi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpabetong_Gurmukhi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bright1996p395-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bright1996p395_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeter_T._DanielsWilliam_Bright1996" class="citation book cs1">Peter T. Daniels; William Bright (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA395"><i>The World's Writing Systems</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-19-507993-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-19-507993-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507993-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507993-7&rft.au=Peter+T.+Daniels&rft.au=William+Bright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DospMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaincardona53-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jaincardona53_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFDanesh_JainGeorge_Cardona2007" class="citation book cs1">Danesh Jain; George Cardona (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Indo-Aryan Languages</i></a>. Routledge. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-135-79711-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-135-79711-9"><bdi>978-1-135-79711-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-135-79711-9&rft.au=Danesh+Jain&rft.au=George+Cardona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOtCPAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gurmukhi_-_The_Sikh_Alphabet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gurmukhi_-_The_Sikh_Alphabet_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFMandairShackleSingh2013" class="citation book cs1">Mandair, Arvind-Pal S.; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (December 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=79ZcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13&dq=sikh+script&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOvoTF877QAhXEnZQKHaOKBU04ChDoAQg3MAY#v=onepage&q=sikh%20script&f=false"><i>Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity</i></a>. Routledge. p. 13, Quote: "creation of a pothi in distinct Sikh script (Gurmukhi) seem to relate to the immediate religio-political context ...". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9781136846342" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9781136846342"><bdi>9781136846342</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikh+Religion%2C+Culture+and+Ethnicity&rft.pages=13%2C+Quote%3A+%22creation+of+a+pothi+in+distinct+Sikh+script+%28Gurmukhi%29+seem+to+relate+to+the+immediate+religio-political+context+...%22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.isbn=9781136846342&rft.aulast=Mandair&rft.aufirst=Arvind-Pal+S.&rft.au=Shackle%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Singh%2C+Gurharpal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.nz%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79ZcAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13%26dq%3Dsikh%2Bscript%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiOvoTF877QAhXEnZQKHaOKBU04ChDoAQg3MAY%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsikh%2520script%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFMannNumrichWilliams2007" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Gurinder Singh; Numrich, Paul; Williams, Raymond (December 3, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=8R-Kl2C1C7QC&pg=PA144&dq=sikh+script&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV1Yzx-L7QAhUMxbwKHYMkAA04FBDoAQgXMAA#v=onepage&q=sikh%20script&f=false"><i>Buddhists, Hindus, and Sikhs in America</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 100, Quote: "He modified the existing writing systems of his time to create Gurmukhi, the script of the Sikhs; then ...". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9780198044246" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9780198044246"><bdi>9780198044246</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhists%2C+Hindus%2C+and+Sikhs+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=100%2C+Quote%3A+%22He+modified+the+existing+writing+systems+of+his+time+to+create+Gurmukhi%2C+the+script+of+the+Sikhs%3B+then+...%22&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007-12-03&rft.isbn=9780198044246&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Gurinder+Singh&rft.au=Numrich%2C+Paul&rft.au=Williams%2C+Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.nz%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8R-Kl2C1C7QC%26pg%3DPA144%26dq%3Dsikh%2Bscript%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjV1Yzx-L7QAhUMxbwKHYMkAA04FBDoAQgXMAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsikh%2520script%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFShani2002" class="citation book cs1">Shani, Giorgio (March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1754-9469.2002.tb00014.x/abstract"><i>The Territorialization of Identity: Sikh Nationalism in the Diaspora</i></a>. Japan: Kitakyushu University. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Territorialization+of+Identity%3A+Sikh+Nationalism+in+the+Diaspora&rft.place=Japan&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Kitakyushu+University&rft.date=2002-03&rft.aulast=Shani&rft.aufirst=Giorgio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1754-9469.2002.tb00014.x%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikhs.org/gurmukhi.htm">"Gurmukhi - The Sikh Alphabet"</a>. <i>Sikhs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sikhs.org&rft.atitle=Gurmukhi+-+The+Sikh+Alphabet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikhs.org%2Fgurmukhi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFHarjeet_Singh_Gill1996" class="citation book cs1">Harjeet Singh Gill (1996). Peter T. Daniels; William Bright (mga pat.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA395"><i>The World's Writing Systems</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-19-507993-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-19-507993-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507993-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507993-7&rft.au=Harjeet+Singh+Gill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DospMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFKhalsa" class="citation web cs1">Khalsa, Sukhmandir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130317142034/http://sikhism.about.com/od/learntoreadgurmukhi/tp/gurmukhi_script.htm">"Introduction to Gurmukhi Script"</a>. <i>about.com</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sikhism.about.com/od/learntoreadgurmukhi/tp/gurmukhi_script.htm">orihinal</a> noong 17 Marso 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about.com&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Gurmukhi+Script&rft.aulast=Khalsa&rft.aufirst=Sukhmandir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsikhism.about.com%2Fod%2Flearntoreadgurmukhi%2Ftp%2Fgurmukhi_script.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAlpabetong+Gurmukhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Usbong"><img alt="Usbong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/53px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/70px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> <i>Ang lathalaing ito ay isang <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Usbong" title="Wikipedia:Usbong">usbong</a>. 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