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Crystal Growth Facility ‒ IPHYS ‐ EPFL

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IPHYS &#8208; EPFL</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/fr/nos-services/crystal-growth-facility/" hreflang="fr" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IPHYS &raquo; Feed" href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IPHYS &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"wpemoji":"https:\/\/www.epfl.ch\/schools\/sb\/research\/iphys\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji.js?ver=6.7.2","twemoji":"https:\/\/www.epfl.ch\/schools\/sb\/research\/iphys\/wp-includes\/js\/twemoji.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /** * @output wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.js */ /** * Emoji Settings as exported in PHP via _print_emoji_detection_script(). * @typedef WPEmojiSettings * @type {object} * @property {?object} source * @property {?string} source.concatemoji * @property {?string} source.twemoji * @property {?string} source.wpemoji * @property {?boolean} DOMReady * @property {?Function} readyCallback */ /** * Support tests. * @typedef SupportTests * @type {object} * @property {?boolean} flag * @property {?boolean} emoji */ /** * IIFE to detect emoji support and load Twemoji if needed. * * @param {Window} window * @param {Document} document * @param {WPEmojiSettings} settings */ ( function wpEmojiLoader( window, document, settings ) { if ( typeof Promise === 'undefined' ) { return; } var sessionStorageKey = 'wpEmojiSettingsSupports'; var tests = [ 'flag', 'emoji' ]; /** * Checks whether the browser supports offloading to a Worker. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {boolean} */ function supportsWorkerOffloading() { return ( typeof Worker !== 'undefined' && typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && typeof URL !== 'undefined' && URL.createObjectURL && typeof Blob !== 'undefined' ); } /** * @typedef SessionSupportTests * @type {object} * @property {number} timestamp * @property {SupportTests} supportTests */ /** * Get support tests from session. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {?SupportTests} Support tests, or null if not set or older than 1 week. */ function getSessionSupportTests() { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = JSON.parse( sessionStorage.getItem( sessionStorageKey ) ); if ( typeof item === 'object' && typeof item.timestamp === 'number' && new Date().valueOf() < item.timestamp + 604800 && // Note: Number is a week in seconds. typeof item.supportTests === 'object' ) { return item.supportTests; } } catch ( e ) {} return null; } /** * Persist the supports in session storage. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {SupportTests} supportTests Support tests. */ function setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ) { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = { supportTests: supportTests, timestamp: new Date().valueOf() }; sessionStorage.setItem( sessionStorageKey, JSON.stringify( item ) ); } catch ( e ) {} } /** * Checks if two sets of Emoji characters render the same visually. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.9.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} set1 Set of Emoji to test. * @param {string} set2 Set of Emoji to test. * * @return {boolean} True if the two sets render the same. */ function emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, set1, set2 ) { // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set1, 0, 0 ); var rendered1 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set2, 0, 0 ); var rendered2 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); return rendered1.every( function ( rendered2Data, index ) { return rendered2Data === rendered2[ index ]; } ); } /** * Determines if the browser properly renders Emoji that Twemoji can supplement. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} type Whether to test for support of "flag" or "emoji". * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {boolean} True if the browser can render emoji, false if it cannot. */ function browserSupportsEmoji( context, type, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var isIdentical; switch ( type ) { case 'flag': /* * Test for Transgender flag compatibility. Added in Unicode 13. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (white flag emoji + transgender symbol). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200D\u26A7\uFE0F', // as a zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200B\u26A7\uFE0F' // separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for UN flag compatibility. This is the least supported of the letter locale flags, * so gives us an easy test for full support. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly ([U] + [N]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF3', // as the sequence of two code points '\uD83C\uDDFA\u200B\uD83C\uDDF3' // as the two code points separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for English flag compatibility. England is a country in the United Kingdom, it * does not have a two letter locale code but rather a five letter sub-division code. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (black flag emoji + [G] + [B] + [E] + [N] + [G]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, // as the flag sequence '\uD83C\uDFF4\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC62\uDB40\uDC65\uDB40\uDC6E\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC7F', // with each code point separated by a zero-width space '\uD83C\uDFF4\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC62\u200B\uDB40\uDC65\u200B\uDB40\uDC6E\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC7F' ); return ! isIdentical; case 'emoji': /* * Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. * * To test for Emoji 15.0 support, try to render a new emoji: Blackbird. * * The Blackbird is a ZWJ sequence combining 🐦 Bird and ⬛ large black square., * * 0x1F426 (\uD83D\uDC26) == Bird * 0x200D == Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) that links the code points for the new emoji or * 0x200B == Zero-Width Space (ZWS) that is rendered for clients not supporting the new emoji. * 0x2B1B == Large Black Square * * When updating this test for future Emoji releases, ensure that individual emoji that make up the * sequence come from older emoji standards. */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83D\uDC26\u200D\u2B1B', // as the zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83D\uDC26\u200B\u2B1B' // separated by a zero-width space ); return ! isIdentical; } return false; } /** * Checks emoji support tests. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {string[]} tests Tests. * @param {Function} browserSupportsEmoji Reference to browserSupportsEmoji function, needed due to minification. * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {SupportTests} Support tests. */ function testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var canvas; if ( typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope ) { canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( 300, 150 ); // Dimensions are default for HTMLCanvasElement. } else { canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' ); } var context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { willReadFrequently: true } ); /* * Chrome on OS X added native emoji rendering in M41. Unfortunately, * it doesn't work when the font is bolder than 500 weight. So, we * check for bold rendering support to avoid invisible emoji in Chrome. */ context.textBaseline = 'top'; context.font = '600 32px Arial'; var supports = {}; tests.forEach( function ( test ) { supports[ test ] = browserSupportsEmoji( context, test, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); } ); return supports; } /** * Adds a script to the head of the document. * * @ignore * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param {string} src The url where the script is located. * * @return {void} */ function addScript( src ) { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.src = src; script.defer = true; document.head.appendChild( script ); } settings.supports = { everything: true, everythingExceptFlag: true }; // Create a promise for DOMContentLoaded since the worker logic may finish after the event has fired. var domReadyPromise = new Promise( function ( resolve ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', resolve, { once: true } ); } ); // Obtain the emoji support from the browser, asynchronously when possible. new Promise( function ( resolve ) { var supportTests = getSessionSupportTests(); if ( supportTests ) { resolve( supportTests ); return; } if ( supportsWorkerOffloading() ) { try { // Note that the functions are being passed as arguments due to minification. var workerScript = 'postMessage(' + testEmojiSupports.toString() + '(' + [ JSON.stringify( tests ), browserSupportsEmoji.toString(), emojiSetsRenderIdentically.toString() ].join( ',' ) + '));'; var blob = new Blob( [ workerScript ], { type: 'text/javascript' } ); var worker = new Worker( URL.createObjectURL( blob ), { name: 'wpTestEmojiSupports' } ); worker.onmessage = function ( event ) { supportTests = event.data; setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); worker.terminate(); resolve( supportTests ); }; return; } catch ( e ) {} } supportTests = testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); resolve( supportTests ); } ) // Once the browser emoji support has been obtained from the session, finalize the settings. .then( function ( supportTests ) { /* * Tests the browser support for flag emojis and other emojis, and adjusts the * support settings accordingly. */ for ( var test in supportTests ) { settings.supports[ test ] = supportTests[ test ]; settings.supports.everything = settings.supports.everything && settings.supports[ test ]; if ( 'flag' !== test ) { settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && settings.supports[ test ]; } } settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && ! settings.supports.flag; // Sets DOMReady to false and assigns a ready function to settings. settings.DOMReady = false; settings.readyCallback = function () { settings.DOMReady = true; }; } ) .then( function () { return domReadyPromise; } ) .then( function () { // When the browser can not render everything we need to load a polyfill. if ( ! settings.supports.everything ) { settings.readyCallback(); var src = settings.source || {}; if ( src.concatemoji ) { addScript( src.concatemoji ); } else if ( src.wpemoji && src.twemoji ) { addScript( src.twemoji ); addScript( src.wpemoji ); } } } ); } )( window, document, window._wpemojiSettings ); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-gutenberg-epfl-bases-style-css-css' 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<a class="nav-item" href="https://www.epfl.ch/campus/">Campus</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <aside class="nav-aside-wrapper"> <nav id="nav-aside" class="nav-aside" role="navigation" aria-describedby="nav-aside-title"> <h2 class="h5 sr-only-xl">In the same section</h2> <ul id="menu-main" class="nav-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/computer/" title="Computer Service"> Computer Service </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/clean-rooms/" title="Clean Rooms"> Clean Rooms </a> </li> <li class="menu-item active"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/" title="Crystal Growth Facility"> Crystal Growth Facility </a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/nano-macro-crystals/">Nano and Macro Crystals 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Electronic Workshop </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/mechanical-workshop/" title="Mechanical workshop"> Mechanical workshop </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </aside> </div> <div class="w-100"> <main id="content" role="main" class="content pt-5"> <article id="post-1607" class="post-1607 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <div class="entry-content container-grid pb-5 mb-4 "> <div class="container-full my-3"> <div class="hero"> <div class="hero-content-container"> <h1 class="hero-title">Crystal Growth Facility</h1> <div class="hero-content">Institute of Physics &#8211; iPHYS</div> </div> <div class="hero-img"> <figure class="cover"> <picture><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1280" height="720" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/gif-Crystal-Growth-Facility.gif" class="img-fluid" alt="" /></picture> <figcaption> <button aria-hidden="true" type="button" class="btn-circle" data-toggle="popover" data-content=""> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#icon-info"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon icon-rotate-90" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#icon-chevron-right"></use> </svg> </button> <p class="sr-only"></p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-full my-3"><div class="introduction bg-gray-100"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-8 offset-md-2"><h2>Crystal Growth Facility</h2><p>Within the School of Basic Sciences, the Institute of Physics (iPHYS) has set up a Facility for Crystal Growth. The facility is a complex of chemistry labs, furnace rooms, sample preparation labs and a laboratory for material characterization.  The facility aims to synthesize crystalline materials from nanostructures to macroscopic crystals. A key aspect of the facility’s mission is Materials Discovery, be it in polycrystalline or single crystal form. Several techniques are available for the synthesis of such materials: solvothermal treatment and Chemical Vapour Deposition are used for the synthesis of carbon and inorganic nanostructures and graphene materials. Chemical Vapour Transport, Flux method, floating zone furnace and Bridgman furnace are used to grow inorganic as well as organic single crystals. The team of the crystal growth facility works in collaboration with numerous research groups within EPFL, Switzerland, Europe and abroad.</p><p>The activities of the crystal growth facility are funded by iPHYS, by collaborating laboratories and through participation in national and international projects.</p></div></div></div></div></div> <p style="text-align: center"><strong><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-9273" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Instagram_icon-300x300.png" alt="" width="20" height="20" srcset="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Instagram_icon-300x300.png 300w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Instagram_icon-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Instagram_icon-150x150.png 150w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Instagram_icon-768x768.png 768w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Instagram_icon-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Instagram_icon-2048x2048.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 20px) 100vw, 20px" /> Join us on <a href="https://www.instagram.com/crystal_growth_facility?igsh=MTVzYndpa2wwNGF0MA==">Instagram</a></strong></p> <div class="container-full "> <div class="py-3 px-4 container-full"> <div class="card-deck "> <div class="card"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/nano-macro-crystals/" class="card-img-top"> <picture> <img decoding="async" width="329" height="185" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/crystal1-e1709809889533.png" class="img-fluid" alt="" title="" srcset="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/crystal1-e1709809889533.png 329w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/crystal1-e1709809889533-300x169.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/nano-macro-crystals/">Nano and Macro Crystals Collection</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/material-characterization-platform/" class="card-img-top"> <picture> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="432" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0088-768x432.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="" title="" srcset="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0088-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0088-384x216.jpg 384w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0088-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0088-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0088-1152x648.jpg 1152w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/material-characterization-platform/">Material Characterization Platform</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/laboratories/" class="card-img-top"> <picture> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="432" src="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0055-768x432.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="" title="" srcset="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0055-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0055-384x216.jpg 384w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0055-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0055-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DSC_0055-1152x648.jpg 1152w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/sb/research/iphys/our-services/crystal-growth-facility/laboratories/">Crystal Factory</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-full "> <div class="py-3 px-4 container-full"> <div class="card-deck "> <div class="card"> <a 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