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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Town_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Town council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lord_Mayors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lord_Mayors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lord Mayors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lord_Mayors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Town_finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Town finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms_and_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms_and_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Coat of arms and flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms_and_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_main_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_main_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture and main attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_main_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and main attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_main_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Historic festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cemeteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cemeteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Cemeteries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cemeteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Twin towns – sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Friendly_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendly_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Friendly cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendly_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Memmingen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9C%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%88%E1%8A%95" title="ሜሚንገን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሜሚንገን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ميمينجين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميمينجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%86" title="ممینقن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ممینقن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мемінген – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мемінген" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Меминген – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Меминген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen_(munisipyo)" title="Memmingen (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Memmingen (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Μέμινγκεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέμινγκεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86" title="ممینگن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ممینگن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%8D%EA%B2%90" title="메밍겐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메밍겐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Մեմինգեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեմինգեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9F" title="ממינגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממינגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მემინგენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მემინგენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мемминген – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мемминген" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мемминген – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мемминген" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingene" title="Memmingene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Memmingene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memingenas" title="Memingenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Memingenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="मेमिंगेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेमिंगेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ميمينجين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميمينجين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3" title="メミンゲン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メミンゲン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Меммінґен – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Меммінґен" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мемминген – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мемминген" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Меминген – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Меминген" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мемминген – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мемминген" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เม็มมิงเงิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เม็มมิงเงิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Меммінген – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Меммінген" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Memmingen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%98%8E%E6%A0%B9" title="梅明根 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梅明根" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Memmingen&params=47_59_16_N_10_10_52_E_type:city(46178)_region:DE-BY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°59′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°10′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.98778°N 10.18111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.98778; 10.18111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Buxach" redirects here. For river of Bavaria, Germany, see <a href="/wiki/Buxach_(Iller)" title="Buxach (Iller)">Buxach (Iller)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the song "Memmingen" by Blackmore’s Night, see <a href="/wiki/Shadow_of_the_Moon" title="Shadow of the Moon">Shadow of the Moon</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Bavaria, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Memmingen </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Town#Germany" title="Town">Town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MemmingenRathaus3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Renaissance town hall of Memmingen"><img alt="The Renaissance town hall of Memmingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MemmingenRathaus3.jpg/250px-MemmingenRathaus3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MemmingenRathaus3.jpg/375px-MemmingenRathaus3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MemmingenRathaus3.jpg/500px-MemmingenRathaus3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3462" data-file-height="2534" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The Renaissance town hall of Memmingen</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Memmingen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Memmingen"><img alt="Flag of Memmingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flagge_Memmingen.svg/100px-Flagge_Memmingen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flagge_Memmingen.svg/150px-Flagge_Memmingen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flagge_Memmingen.svg/200px-Flagge_Memmingen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Memmingen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Memmingen"><img alt="Coat of arms of Memmingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wappen_Memmingen.svg/74px-Wappen_Memmingen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wappen_Memmingen.svg/111px-Wappen_Memmingen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wappen_Memmingen.svg/149px-Wappen_Memmingen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="436" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Memmingen</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_17391a0450388e5d609617b0a91a5dc0e8568e88"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Memmingen&revid=1248463421&groups=_17391a0450388e5d609617b0a91a5dc0e8568e88" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Memmingen&revid=1248463421&groups=_17391a0450388e5d609617b0a91a5dc0e8568e88 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Memmingen is located in Germany"><img alt="Memmingen is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:90.028%;left:46.811%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Memmingen"><img alt="Memmingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Memmingen </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bavaria_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Memmingen is located in Bavaria"><img alt="Memmingen is located in Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/250px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/375px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/500px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="855" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.638%;left:24.828%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Memmingen"><img alt="Memmingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Memmingen </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Bavaria</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Memmingen&params=47_59_16_N_10_10_52_E_type:city(46178)_region:DE-BY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°59′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°10′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.98778°N 10.18111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.98778; 10.18111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swabia_(Bavaria)" title="Swabia (Bavaria)">Swabia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2023–29) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jan Rothenbacher<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">70.17 km<sup>2</sup> (27.09 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">601 m (1,972 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">46,178</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">660/km<sup>2</sup> (1,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">87700</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">08331</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MM</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memmingen.de/">Memmingen.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Memmingen</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈmɛmɪŋən]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e4\/De-Memmingen.ogg\/De-Memmingen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Memmingen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/De-Memmingen.ogg/De-Memmingen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Memmingen.ogg" title="File:De-Memmingen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian</a>: <i>Memmenge</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a> in <a href="/wiki/Swabia_(Bavaria)" title="Swabia (Bavaria)">Swabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. It is the economic, educational and administrative centre of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danube-Iller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danube-Iller (page does not exist)">Danube-Iller</a> region. To the west the town is flanked by the <a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller</a>, the river that marks the <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> border. To the north, east and south the town is surrounded by the district of <a href="/wiki/Unterallg%C3%A4u" title="Unterallgäu">Unterallgäu</a> (Lower Allgäu). </p><p>With about 42,000 inhabitants, Memmingen is the 5th biggest town in the administrative region of Swabia. The origins of the town go back to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. The old town, with its many courtyards, castles and patricians' houses, palaces and fortifications is one of the best preserved in southern Germany. With good transport links by road, rail and air, it is the transport hub for <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Upper Swabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Central Swabia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Allg%C3%A4u" title="Allgäu">Allgäu</a>. </p><p>Due to its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Allg%C3%A4u" title="Allgäu">Allgäu</a> region, Memmingen is often called the Gateway to the Allgäu (<i>Tor zum Allgäu</i>). The town motto is <i>Memmingen – Stadt mit Perspektiven</i> ("Memmingen – a town with perspectives"). In recent times it has been frequently referred to as <i>Memmingen – Stadt der Menschenrechte</i> (Memmingen – the town of human rights). This alludes to the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Articles" title="Twelve Articles">Twelve Articles</a>, considered to be the first written set of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Europe" title="Human rights in Europe">human rights in Europe</a>, which were penned in Memmingen in 1525. Every four years there is the <i><a href="/wiki/Wallenstein_Festival" title="Wallenstein Festival">Wallensteinfestspiel</a></i>, with about 4,500 participants, the biggest historical reenactment in Europe. It commemorates the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Wallenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallenstein">Wallenstein</a> and his troops in 1630. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StadtMemmingen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/StadtMemmingen.jpg/220px-StadtMemmingen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/StadtMemmingen.jpg/330px-StadtMemmingen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/StadtMemmingen.jpg/440px-StadtMemmingen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption>Territory of the Free Imperial City of Memmingen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memmingen,_der_Grosszunft_Dm%3DD-7-64-000-149_foto2_2014-07-28_14.57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Memmingen%2C_der_Grosszunft_Dm%3DD-7-64-000-149_foto2_2014-07-28_14.57.jpg/300px-Memmingen%2C_der_Grosszunft_Dm%3DD-7-64-000-149_foto2_2014-07-28_14.57.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Memmingen%2C_der_Grosszunft_Dm%3DD-7-64-000-149_foto2_2014-07-28_14.57.jpg/450px-Memmingen%2C_der_Grosszunft_Dm%3DD-7-64-000-149_foto2_2014-07-28_14.57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Memmingen%2C_der_Grosszunft_Dm%3DD-7-64-000-149_foto2_2014-07-28_14.57.jpg/600px-Memmingen%2C_der_Grosszunft_Dm%3DD-7-64-000-149_foto2_2014-07-28_14.57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>Monumental building: der Grosszunft</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Iller_in_Memmingen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/River_Iller_in_Memmingen.jpg/220px-River_Iller_in_Memmingen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/River_Iller_in_Memmingen.jpg/330px-River_Iller_in_Memmingen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/River_Iller_in_Memmingen.jpg/440px-River_Iller_in_Memmingen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption>The picturesque <i>Stadtbach</i> (Town Brook)</figcaption></figure> <p>It is believed that on the site of present-day Memmingen in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> times there was a small military town, probably called <i>Cassiliacum</i>. In the 5th century an <a href="/wiki/Alemans" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemans">Alemannic</a> settlement was established and in the 7th century there was a palace belonging to the king of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>. </p><p>Memmingen was linked to <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, Austria and <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> by the <i>salt road</i> to <a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a>. Another important route through Memmingen was the <a href="/wiki/Italian_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian road">Italian road</a> from Northern Germany to Switzerland and Italy. Both roads helped Memmingen gain importance as a trading centre. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the place was known as <i>Mammingin</i>; in 1158 the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welfian</a> Duke <a href="/wiki/Welf_VI" title="Welf VI">Welf VI</a> founded the town of Memmingen. In 1286 it became an <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City">Imperial City</a>, responsible only to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Schappeler" title="Christoph Schappeler">Christoph Schappeler</a>, the preacher at <a href="/wiki/St._Martin_(Memmingen)" title="St. Martin (Memmingen)">St. Martin</a>'s in Memmingen during the early 16th century, was an important figure during the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">German Peasants' War</a>. His support for peasant rights helped to draw peasants to Memmingen. The city first followed the <a href="/wiki/Tetrapolitan_Confession" title="Tetrapolitan Confession">Tetrapolitan Confession</a>, and then the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a>. </p><p><i>The Twelve Articles: The Just and Fundamental Articles of All the Peasantry and Tenants of Spiritual and Temporal Powers by Whom They Think Themselves Oppressed</i> was written (probably by Schappeler and <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Lotzer" title="Sebastian Lotzer">Sebastian Lotzer</a>) in early 1525. This was a religious petition borrowing from <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther's</a> ideas to appeal for peasant rights. Within two months of its publication in Memmingen, 25,000 copies of the tract were in circulation around Europe. These are the first known set of human rights documents in the world (if one ignores Magna Carta in England in 1215). </p><p>In the 1630s Memmingen was at centre stage during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, and the Imperial <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">generalissimo</a> <a href="/wiki/Wallenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallenstein">Wallenstein</a> was quartered in the town when he was dramatically dismissed from service. From 1632 Memmingen was briefly garrisoned by the Swedish army, and became a base of operations for Swedish troops in <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a>. In September 1647 the Imperialists under <a href="/wiki/Adrian_von_Enkevort" title="Adrian von Enkevort">Adrian von Enkevort</a> besieged the Swedish garrison, under Colonel Sigismund Przyemski. Two months later the town surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the reorganization of Germany in 1802, Memmingen became part of Bavaria. The 19th century saw the slow economic deterioration of the town, which was halted only with the building of <a href="/wiki/Neu-Ulm%E2%80%93Kempten_railway" title="Neu-Ulm–Kempten railway">a railway</a> following the course of the River Iller. </p><p>Since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Memmingen has been a developing town, with a rate of economic growth above the average for Bavaria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Memmingen is located at the western border of Bavaria at the river Iller, 50 km south of <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>, and 100 km west of Munich. The landscape or region beginning with Memmingen is called <i><a href="/wiki/Unterallg%C3%A4u" title="Unterallgäu">Unterallgäu</a></i> and forms a part of the region <a href="/wiki/Mittelschwaben" title="Mittelschwaben">Mittelschwaben</a> who is next to <a href="/wiki/Oberschwaben" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberschwaben">Oberschwaben</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allg%C3%A4u" title="Allgäu">Allgäu</a>. Memmingen is also sometimes called the <i>Gate to the Allgäu</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Memmingen is reached by the A7 and the A96 motorways and <a href="/wiki/Memmingen_station" title="Memmingen station">Memmingen station</a> is on railways connecting Munich and Lindau and the <a href="/wiki/Neu-Ulm%E2%80%93Kempten_railway" title="Neu-Ulm–Kempten railway">Ulm–Oberstdorf railway</a>. </p><p>It has the public and international <a href="/wiki/Memmingen_Airport" title="Memmingen Airport">Memmingen Airport</a> nearby. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most companies are <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium-sized enterprise">SMEs</a>, such as the following: </p> <ul><li>Alpine Hydraulik GmbH<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berger_Holding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berger Holding (page does not exist)">Berger Holding</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berger_Holding" class="extiw" title="de:Berger Holding">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dachster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dachster (page does not exist)">Dachser Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebr%C3%BCder_Weiss" title="Gebrüder Weiss">Gebrüder Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefro_Reformversand_Frommlet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gefro Reformversand Frommlet (page does not exist)">Gefro Reformversand Frommlet</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Kolb_Wellpappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Kolb Wellpappe (page does not exist)">Hans Kolb Wellpappe</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Kolb_Wellpappe" class="extiw" title="de:Hans Kolb Wellpappe">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldhofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goldhofer (page does not exist)">Goldhofer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldhofer" class="extiw" title="de:Goldhofer">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet-Schultz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnet-Schultz (page does not exist)">Magnet-Schultz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet-Schultz" class="extiw" title="de:Magnet-Schultz">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memminger_Brauerei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memminger Brauerei (page does not exist)">Memminger Brauerei</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memminger_Brauerei" class="extiw" title="de:Memminger Brauerei">de</a>]</span></li> <li>Metzeler Schaum GmbH<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfeifer_Holding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfeifer Holding (page does not exist)">Pfeifer Holding</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfeifer_Holding" class="extiw" title="de:Pfeifer Holding">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohde_%26_Schwarz" title="Rohde & Schwarz">Rohde & Schwarz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the Lord Mayor has been from the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> since 1966, the biggest party in the town council is traditionally the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">Christian Social Union</a>. </p><p>The town politics is mostly dominated by a coalition of bigger parties ("coalition of the reasoned") from CSU, SPD, Christlicher Rathausblock Memmingen (Christian Town Hall Party Memmingen) and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a>. The smaller parties of <a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">Alliance '90/The Greens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> make up the opposition. </p><p>There was a hefty dispute between the parties in 2005, concerning financial participation in the <a href="/wiki/Memmingen_Airport" title="Memmingen Airport">Memmingen Airport</a>. The Ecological Democratic Party and the Greens initiated a referendum to inhibit financial support for the airport, but this vote met with no success. </p><p>At the top of the town government is the Lord Mayor, who is elected directly by the people. He is the representative of the town and the leader of municipality. As second representatives, the majors are elected from the members of the town council. Historically the CSU, as biggest party, appoints the second major. The third major is appointed by the third biggest party. The second biggest party, the SPD, traditionally declines to appoint the third major, because they already appoint the Lord Mayor. </p><p>Memmingen is building, alongside the double centre <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Neu-Ulm" title="Neu-Ulm">Neu-Ulm</a>, the second economical centre in Upper Swabia. It thus leads the central supply function for the adjoining cities and districts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_council">Town council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Town council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last local elections were on March 2, 2008, with following results:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td style="background: #ffffff;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a></td> <td>CRB ¹</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">FV</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">Greens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">ödp</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></td> <td>Sum </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Seats</td> <td>13</td> <td>9</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Percent</td> <td>32,2%</td> <td>22,0%</td> <td>10,8%</td> <td>11,8%</td> <td>6,7%</td> <td>10,5%</td> <td>5,9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>¹ Christlicher Rathausblock Memmingen ("Christian Townhall-Party") </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lord_Mayors">Lord Mayors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lord Mayors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1884–1909: Karl Scherer</li> <li>1910–1931: Fritz Braun</li> <li>1932–1945: Heinrich Berndl, NSDAP</li> <li>1945–1948: Georg Fey, CSU</li> <li>1948–1952: Lorenz Riedmiller, SPD</li> <li>1952–1966: Heinrich Berndl, without party</li> <li>1966–1968: Rudolf Machnig, SPD</li> <li>1968–1980: Johannes Bauer, SPD</li> <li>1980–2016: Ivo Holzinger, SPD</li> <li>2016: Markus Kennerknecht, SPD</li> <li>2017–today: Manfred Schilder, CSU</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_finances">Town finances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Town finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With €512 per capita, Memmingen is one of the cities in Germany with the lowest level of debt<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The German average is more than €1,300). The town had 2007 a management budget (<i>Verwaltungshaushalt</i>) of €94,925,160 and an asset budget (<i>Vermögenshaushalt</i>) of €19,490,860. The income from trade taxes amounted to about €40 million, the income tax assignment to about €20 million. The local rates were last changed in 2003. The town has many charitable foundations, with roots partly going back to the Middle Ages (such as the <i>Unterhospitalstiftung</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms_and_flag">Coat of arms and flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coat of arms and flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">Blazon</a>: <i>Split from gold and silver, in front a half, reinforced in red, black eagle. Backward a red pawcross</i> </p><p>The town's colours, handed down since 1488, are Black, Red, White. The flag is a banner flag with cross bar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amendingen_(Memmingen)" title="Amendingen (Memmingen)">Amendingen</a> and Eisenburg have their own historical coats of arms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_main_attractions">Culture and main attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture and main attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_festivals">Historic festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historic festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every year Memmingen celebrates the <i><a href="/wiki/Fischertag" title="Fischertag">Fischertag</a></i> (Fisherman's day), recreating medieval traditions. The town brook is fished out to be completely drained and cleaned, and at the same time a "Fisherman's King" (the one that caught the heaviest trout) is appointed among almost 1,200 fishermen. Every year up to 40,000 people come to this festival as participants or spectators. </p><p>Every four years Memmingen re-enacts the events around the visit of Wallenstein in the year 1630 with Europe's biggest historic festival: the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallensteinfestspiele_(Memmingen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallensteinfestspiele (Memmingen) (page does not exist)">Wallensteinfestspiele (Memmingen)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallensteinfestspiele_(Memmingen)" class="extiw" title="de:Wallensteinfestspiele (Memmingen)">de</a>]</span></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LandesTheaterSchwaben2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LandesTheaterSchwaben2000.jpg/220px-LandesTheaterSchwaben2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LandesTheaterSchwaben2000.jpg/330px-LandesTheaterSchwaben2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LandesTheaterSchwaben2000.jpg/440px-LandesTheaterSchwaben2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption>The Landestheater Schwaben in Memmingen</figcaption></figure> <p>The theatre has a long tradition in Memmingen. By the Middle Ages some chroniclers were already recording different theatre performances. In 1937 the <i>Landestheater Schwaben</i> (State Theatre of Swabia) or LTS was founded in the town. In 1945, after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the LTS was one of the first theatres in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> to begin putting on performances again. The performances take place in the Rooms of the Town Theatre, the theatre at the <i>Schweizerberg</i> (cabaret stage), in the <i>Kaminwerk</i> cultural centre or in rooms at the boroughs of Memmingen. The Schweizerberg Theatre will be closed at the end of 2010. It will move to new premises in the <i>Elsbethen</i> area, behind the Town Theatre, where a new cabaret stage, rehearsing rooms, workshops, depots, management rooms, the foyer and some guest rooms will be built.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another theatre was founded by Helmut Wolfseher and members of the <i>Alternative Kleinkunst e.V.</i> (Alternative Cabaret Society), <i>Parterretheater im Künerhaus (PIK)</i>. This theatre is specifically for amateur actors and young talented musicians. The <i>Kaminwerk</i> also puts on major plays by amateur actors. The municipal hall is for <i>Volksschauspieler</i> or other artists. </p><p>The following works featuring Memmingen have been produced: </p> <ul><li>Stage play <i>Memmingen</i> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bettina_Fless&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bettina Fless (page does not exist)">Bettina Fless</a> (1989)</li> <li>Book <i>Mohr of Memmingen</i> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utz_Benkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utz Benkel (page does not exist)">Utz Benkel</a></li> <li>Song <i>Memmingen</i> by <a href="/wiki/Blackmore%E2%80%99s_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackmore’s Night">Blackmore’s Night</a>, see also <a href="/wiki/Shadow_of_the_Moon" title="Shadow of the Moon">Shadow of the Moon</a></li></ul> <p>Stage plays and operas that have had world premières in Memmingen are: </p> <ul><li>1995: The Jewbank</li> <li>Metal-Operas by <a href="/wiki/David_DeFeis" title="David DeFeis">David DeFeis</a>: <ul><li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Klytaimnestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Klytaimnestra">Klytaimnestra</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hel_(opera)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hel (opera) (page does not exist)">Hel</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Lilith" title="Lilith">Lilith</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Hiemer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Hiemer (page does not exist)">Mohr of Memmingen</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Organes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Organes (page does not exist)">Green Organes</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katharina_and_Till&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katharina and Till (page does not exist)">Katharina and Till</a> (10 January 2009)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MeWoKunsthalle2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MeWoKunsthalle2.jpg/220px-MeWoKunsthalle2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MeWoKunsthalle2.jpg/330px-MeWoKunsthalle2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MeWoKunsthalle2.jpg/440px-MeWoKunsthalle2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>MeWo-Kunsthalle (art hall)</figcaption></figure> <p>The biggest museum in Memmingen is the Town Museum at the <i>Hermannsbau</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's history is described in its historical rooms. There is also a section covering the history of the Jewish community in Memmingen, whose members were killed or forced into exile in 1939. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> from the destroyed <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> is on display there. The <i><a href="/wiki/Brunt%C3%A1l" title="Bruntál">Freudenthal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_Jesen%C3%ADk" title="Hrubý Jeseník">Altvater</a> Homeland Museum</i> for refugees who have settled in Memmingen is also part of the town museum. It is one of 43 homeland museums recognised by the Ministry of the Interior. A foundation, founded and administered by the town, takes responsibility for the museum. The <i>Strigel-</i> and <i>Antoniter-Museum</i> at the <i>Antonierkloster</i> present wood carvings and paintings by the <i>Strigel</i> family of artists as well as a permanent exhibition on the work of the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Brothers_of_St._Anthony" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony">Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum was established in 1996. With donations from the <i>Memminger Wohnungsbaugenossenschaft (MeWo)</i> the <i>MEWO-Kunsthalle</i> was opened in 2005 in the old post office next to the station. The museum holds the estates of the Memmingen artists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Unold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Unold (page does not exist)">Max Unold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josef_Madlener" title="Josef Madlener">Josef Madlener</a> and presents a wide selection of contemporary art exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size and scope of this art gallery is unique in region. The former <i>Kreuzherren</i> monastery is used for changing exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organ concerts in the churches of St. Martins and St. Josef are famous in the region. Chamber music would be performed in the former Kreuzherren monastery and also in some other buildings in Memmingen. </p><p>There are several pubs, restaurants, wine taverns and cafés and also some discothèques in and around the town. The cultural centre <i>Kaminwerk</i> (Chimney factory) is for concerts, theatre, program cinema, readings and special parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings">Buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memmingen_Ulmer_Tor_2016_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Memmingen_Ulmer_Tor_2016_1.jpg/220px-Memmingen_Ulmer_Tor_2016_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Memmingen_Ulmer_Tor_2016_1.jpg/330px-Memmingen_Ulmer_Tor_2016_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Memmingen_Ulmer_Tor_2016_1.jpg/440px-Memmingen_Ulmer_Tor_2016_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2516" data-file-height="3868" /></a><figcaption>The Ulmer gate</figcaption></figure> <p>Memmingen has considerable tourist interest, mainly because large areas of the medieval old town survived World War II. There are ten town gates and towers and about two kilometres of the town wall. The old town contains many interesting houses of patricians, some in the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a> style. They are picturesque Streets with the <i>Stadtbach</i> (town river) beside. The medieval market place, surrounded by the town hall, which is built in <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">renaissance</a> style, the <i>Großzunft</i> (Guildhouse) and the painted <i>Steuerhaus</i> (tax house). Also famous is <a href="/wiki/St._Martin_(Memmingen)" title="St. Martin (Memmingen)">St. Martin</a>'s church, built in <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">gothic style</a> with its more-than-500-year-old <a href="/wiki/Choir_(architecture)" title="Choir (architecture)">Choir</a> and the 1996 restored <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Brothers_of_St._Anthony" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony">Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony</a> monastery (<i>Antonierkloster</i>), the oldest, best conserved and biggest of these kind. The probably oldest church in town <i>Unser Frauen</i> (Church of Our Lady) or also called <i>Frauenkirche</i> with significant frescos of the 15th and 16th centuries. Also the <i>Seven Roof House</i>, the baroque <i>Kreuzherren</i> monastery, the renovated whorehouse of the town, the <i>Salzstadel</i> (salt barn), the <i>Kramerzunft</i> (shopkeepers guild, also called the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Articles_of_the_Black_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Articles of the Black Forest">Twelve-Article-House</a> are sights in Memmingen). Not so well known is the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_tower" title="Bismarck tower">Bismarck tower</a> in the west of Memmingen. Beside the tower is the 2007 build new soccer stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Green areas were created all along the town wall. The old ditches where filled up and replaced with green areas or parks with partially over 150-year-old trees. The name of the parks are (starting clockwise at the <i>Ulmer Gate</i>): Hubergarten, Zollergarten, Ratzengraben/Zollergraben, Kohlschanze, Reichshain, Kaisergraben, Hohe Wacht, Westertorplatz, Grimmelschanze. Nearby every residential area has its own smaller parks. There is also the town park in the <i>New World</i>, the old <a href="/wiki/Landesgartenschau" class="mw-redirect" title="Landesgartenschau">Landesgartenschau</a> place. Also the old and the forest cemetery, which are both used as parks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cemeteries">Cemeteries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cemeteries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memmingen_Alter_Friedhof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Memmingen_Alter_Friedhof.jpg/220px-Memmingen_Alter_Friedhof.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Memmingen_Alter_Friedhof.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Old cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>There were four cemeteries in Memmingen in the Middle Ages. They were around the <a href="/wiki/St._Martin_(Memmingen)" title="St. Martin (Memmingen)">St. Martin</a>'s Church and the Church of Our Lady, also at the Kreuzherren monastery and the <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Scottish_mission" title="Hiberno-Scottish mission">Scottish monastery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were abandoned in 1530. The replacement was the <i>Old cemetery</i> at the former Scottish monastery. This cemetery was abandoned in 1930. The closing of the Old Cemetery has involved a new Cemetery. It was founded in the east of Memmingen as a Forest Cemetery. More cemeteries are in the districts <a href="/wiki/Amendingen_(Memmingen)" title="Amendingen (Memmingen)">Amendingen</a>, Steinheim, Buxach, Volkratshofen, Ferthofen and Dickenreishausen. In the east of the town is also a Jewish cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Memmingen is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-twins_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale</a>, United States (1976)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">Province of Teramo</a>, Italy (1981)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a>, Italy (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a>, France (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eisleben" title="Eisleben">Eisleben</a>, Germany (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a>, Israel (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karata%C5%9F" title="Karataş">Karataş</a>, Turkey (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Litzelsdorf" title="Litzelsdorf">Litzelsdorf</a>, Austria (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a>, Ukraine (2009)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendly_cities">Friendly cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Friendly cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Memmingen also has friendly relations with:<sup id="cite_ref-twins_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>, France (1965)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Walther" title="Bernhard Walther">Bernhard Walther</a> (1430–1504), merchant, humanist and astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Strigel" title="Bernhard Strigel">Bernhard Strigel</a> (1461–1528), portrait and historical painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heiss" title="Johann Heiss">Johann Heiss</a> (1640–1704), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Otto" title="Gertrud Otto">Gertrud Otto</a> (1895–1970), art historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Roth" title="Franz Roth">Franz Roth</a> (born 1946), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Bedford-Strohm" title="Heinrich Bedford-Strohm">Heinrich Bedford-Strohm</a> (born 1960), Lutheran bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holger_Badstuber" title="Holger Badstuber">Holger Badstuber</a> (born 1989), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timo_Gebhart" title="Timo Gebhart">Timo Gebhart</a> (born 1989), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergejs_Boldave%C5%A1ko" title="Sergejs Boldaveško">Sergejs Boldaveško</a> (born 1970), hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_G%C3%B6tze" title="Mario Götze">Mario Götze</a> (born 1992), footballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Memmingen, elevation 614 m (2,014 ft), (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.9<br />(1.81) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.3<br />(2.53) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.5<br />(4.27) </td> <td style="background: #3FFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.6<br />(4.91) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.9<br />(4.68) </td> <td style="background: #4BFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.3<br />(4.74) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.1<br />(3.15) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.7<br />(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9<br />(2.52) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">963.6<br />(37.95) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #797979; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.3 </td> <td style="background: #ABAB9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.5 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.2 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.3 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.5 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.4 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.3 </td> <td style="background: #B3B372; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.3 </td> <td style="background: #7F7F7F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.7 </td> <td style="background: #5D5D5D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.2 </td> <td style="background: #C0C021; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,683.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Data derived from <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (sun 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DWD1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DWD2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DWD3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/">Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayerisches_Landesamt_f%C3%BCr_Statistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik">Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik</a>. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistikdaten.bayern.de/genesis/online?operation=result&code=12411-003r&leerzeilen=false&language=de">Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag</a> (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 300-1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFwolf-werbegrafik" class="citation web cs1">wolf-werbegrafik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpine-hydraulik.de">"Willkommen bei Alpine-Hydraulik"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Willkommen+bei+Alpine-Hydraulik&rft.au=wolf-werbegrafik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpine-hydraulik.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gefro.de">"Suppen, Soßen und Würzen"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suppen%2C+So%C3%9Fen+und+W%C3%BCrzen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gefro.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213224831/http://www.metzeler-schaum.de/metzeler_flash.php">"Willkommen bei Metzeler Schaum GMBH"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metzeler-schaum.de/metzeler_flash.php">the original</a> on 2007-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Willkommen+bei+Metzeler+Schaum+GMBH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metzeler-schaum.de%2Fmetzeler_flash.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memmingen.de/fileadmin/wahl/stadtratswahl_2008.html">Election Result</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Memminger Zeitung, 2008-03-12, Page 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090918020702/http://www.els-memmingen.de/projekt/theater/theaterbau/">"New Buildings at the Elsbethen area"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.els-memmingen.de/projekt/theater/theaterbau/">the original</a> on 2009-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Buildings+at+the+Elsbethen+area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.els-memmingen.de%2Fprojekt%2Ftheater%2Ftheaterbau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaugg" class="citation web cs1">Haugg, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memmingen.de/569.html">"Stadt Memmingen: Stadtmuseum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadt+Memmingen%3A+Stadtmuseum&rft.aulast=Haugg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memmingen.de%2F569.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309095210/http://www.memmingen.de/fileadmin/ext_scripts/Antoniter-Museum/index.htm">"official museums website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memmingen.de/fileadmin/ext_scripts/Antoniter-Museum/index.htm">the original</a> on 2009-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=official+museums+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memmingen.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fext_scripts%2FAntoniter-Museum%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mewo-kunsthalle.de">"MEWO Kunsthalle Memmingen"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEWO+Kunsthalle+Memmingen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mewo-kunsthalle.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaugg" class="citation web cs1">Haugg, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memmingen.de/570.html">"Stadt Memmingen: Kreuzherrnsaal"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadt+Memmingen%3A+Kreuzherrnsaal&rft.aulast=Haugg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memmingen.de%2F570.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaugg" class="citation web cs1">Haugg, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memmingen.de/40.html">"Stadt Memmingen: Stadion / Arena"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadt+Memmingen%3A+Stadion+%2F+Arena&rft.aulast=Haugg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memmingen.de%2F40.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Author: <i>Joachim Jahn and others</i>, Title:<i>Die Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen – Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende der Reichsstadtzeit (Band 1)</i>, Publisher:<i>Theiss Verlag</i>, Location:<i>Memmingen</i>, Year:<i>1997</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8062-1315-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-8062-1315-1">3-8062-1315-1</a>, Page:<i>98</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twins-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twins_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twins_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memmingen.de/buergerservice/politik/partnerstaedte.html">"Memmingens Städtepartnerschaften, Freundschaften und Patenschaften"</a>. <i>memmingen.de</i> (in German). Memmingen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=memmingen.de&rft.atitle=Memmingens+St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften%2C+Freundschaften+und+Patenschaften&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memmingen.de%2Fbuergerservice%2Fpolitik%2Fpartnerstaedte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html">"Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – CDC (Climate Data Center)"</a>. <i>www.dwd.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220619232425/https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dwd.de&rft.atitle=Wetter+und+Klima+%E2%80%93+Deutscher+Wetterdienst+%E2%80%93+CDC+%28Climate+Data+Center%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fklimaumwelt%2Fcdc%2Fcdc_node.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWD1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/temp_9120_fest_html.html?view=nasPublication">"Temperatur: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991-2020"</a>. <i>www.dwd.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dwd.de&rft.atitle=Temperatur%3A+vielj%C3%A4hrige+Mittelwerte+1991-2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fleistungen%2Fklimadatendeutschland%2Fmittelwerte%2Ftemp_9120_fest_html.html%3Fview%3DnasPublication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWD2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/sonne_8110_SV_html.html;jsessionid=F239C744A75363793A2A04DC1657A986.live21071?view=nasPublication&nn=16102">"Sonnenscheindauer: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1981-2010"</a>. <i>www.dwd.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dwd.de&rft.atitle=Sonnenscheindauer%3A+vielj%C3%A4hrige+Mittelwerte+1981-2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fleistungen%2Fklimadatendeutschland%2Fmittelwerte%2Fsonne_8110_SV_html.html%3Bjsessionid%3DF239C744A75363793A2A04DC1657A986.live21071%3Fview%3DnasPublication%26nn%3D16102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD3-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWD3_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/nieder_9120_SV_html.html;jsessionid=F239C744A75363793A2A04DC1657A986.live21071?view=nasPublication&nn=16102;jsessionid=F239C744A75363793A2A04DC1657A986.live21071?view=nasPublication&nn=16102">"Niederschlag: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991-2020"</a>. <i>www.dwd.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dwd.de&rft.atitle=Niederschlag%3A+vielj%C3%A4hrige+Mittelwerte+1991-2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fleistungen%2Fklimadatendeutschland%2Fmittelwerte%2Fnieder_9120_SV_html.html%3Bjsessionid%3DF239C744A75363793A2A04DC1657A986.live21071%3Fview%3DnasPublication%26nn%3D16102%3Bjsessionid%3DF239C744A75363793A2A04DC1657A986.live21071%3Fview%3DnasPublication%26nn%3D16102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemmingen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memmingen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Memmingen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Memmingen">Memmingen</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template talk:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial cities</a> of the <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessenich" title="Kessenich">Kessenich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>D, S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nuremberg" title="Free Imperial City of Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg in Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Windsheim" title="Bad Windsheim">Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/150px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/225px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/300px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span><br /><small>Free Imperial Cities by 1792</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lost_imperial_immediacy_or_no_longer_part_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_by_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lost <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bern</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Free Imperial City of Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakel,_Germany" title="Brakel, Germany">Brakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diessenhofen" title="Diessenhofen">Diessenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren" title="Düren">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaysersberg</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Kolmar</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Munster</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeddersheim" title="Pfeddersheim">Pfeddersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinfelden_(Aargau)" title="Rheinfelden (Aargau)">Rheinfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrebourg" title="Sarrebourg">Sarrebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkalden" title="Schmalkalden">Schmalkalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Turckheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verden_an_der_Aller" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden an der Aller">Verden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg in Elsaß</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Zürich">Zürich</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>D</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></li> <li><sup><small>H</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li> <li><sup><small>S</small></sup> Member or associate of the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_Free_State_of_Bavaria_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template talk:Germany districts Bavaria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Bavaria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_Free_State_of_Bavaria_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban and rural districts in the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Free State of Bavaria</a> in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amberg" title="Amberg">Amberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg" title="Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth" title="Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg" title="Coburg">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof,_Bavaria" title="Hof, Bavaria">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempten" title="Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landshut" title="Landshut">Landshut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">München (<i>Munich</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nürnberg (<i>Nuremberg</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenheim" title="Rosenheim">Rosenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwabach" title="Schwabach">Schwabach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straubing" title="Straubing">Straubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiden_in_der_Oberpfalz" title="Weiden in der Oberpfalz">Weiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichach-Friedberg" title="Aichach-Friedberg">Aichach-Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%B6tting_(district)" title="Altötting (district)">Altötting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amberg-Sulzbach" title="Amberg-Sulzbach">Amberg-Sulzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach_(district)" title="Ansbach (district)">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg_(district)" title="Aschaffenburg (district)">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_(district)" title="Augsburg (district)">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Kissingen_(district)" title="Bad Kissingen (district)">Bad Kissingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_T%C3%B6lz-Wolfratshausen" title="Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen">Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_(district)" title="Bamberg (district)">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_(district)" title="Bayreuth (district)">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Land" title="Berchtesgadener Land">Berchtesgadener Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_(district)" title="Cham (district)">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg_(district)" title="Coburg (district)">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachau_(district)" title="Dachau (district)">Dachau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deggendorf_(district)" title="Deggendorf (district)">Deggendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingen_(district)" title="Dillingen (district)">Dillingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingolfing-Landau" title="Dingolfing-Landau">Dingolfing-Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donau-Ries" title="Donau-Ries">Donau-Ries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebersberg_(district)" title="Ebersberg (district)">Ebersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eichst%C3%A4tt_(district)" title="Eichstätt (district)">Eichstätt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erding_(district)" title="Erding (district)">Erding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen-H%C3%B6chstadt" title="Erlangen-Höchstadt">Erlangen-Höchstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forchheim_(district)" title="Forchheim (district)">Forchheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freising_(district)" title="Freising (district)">Freising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyung-Grafenau" title="Freyung-Grafenau">Freyung-Grafenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenfeldbruck_(district)" title="Fürstenfeldbruck (district)">Fürstenfeldbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth_(district)" title="Fürth (district)">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen_(district)" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnzburg_(district)" title="Günzburg (district)">Günzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%9Fberge_(district)" title="Haßberge (district)">Haßberge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_(district)" title="Hof (district)">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelheim_(district)" title="Kelheim (district)">Kelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitzingen_(district)" title="Kitzingen (district)">Kitzingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronach_(district)" title="Kronach (district)">Kronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulmbach_(district)" title="Kulmbach (district)">Kulmbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsberg_(district)" title="Landsberg (district)">Landsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landshut_(district)" title="Landshut (district)">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenfels_(district)" title="Lichtenfels (district)">Lichtenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau_(district)" title="Lindau (district)">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Spessart" title="Main-Spessart">Main-Spessart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miesbach_(district)" title="Miesbach (district)">Miesbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltenberg_(district)" title="Miltenberg (district)">Miltenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChldorf_(district)" title="Mühldorf (district)">Mühldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_(district)" title="Munich (district)">München (<i>Munich</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuburg-Schrobenhausen" title="Neuburg-Schrobenhausen">Neuburg-Schrobenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(district)" title="Neumarkt (district)">Neumarkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_(Aisch)-Bad_Windsheim" title="Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim">Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Waldnaab_(district)" title="Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)">Neustadt an der Waldnaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neu-Ulm_(district)" title="Neu-Ulm (district)">Neu-Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberger_Land" title="Nürnberger Land">Nürnberger Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberallg%C3%A4u" title="Oberallgäu">Oberallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostallg%C3%A4u" title="Ostallgäu">Ostallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau_(district)" title="Passau (district)">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfaffenhofen_(district)" title="Pfaffenhofen (district)">Pfaffenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_(district)" title="Regen (district)">Regen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg_(district)" title="Regensburg (district)">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B6n-Grabfeld" title="Rhön-Grabfeld">Rhön-Grabfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenheim_(district)" title="Rosenheim (district)">Rosenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_(district)" title="Roth (district)">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottal-Inn" title="Rottal-Inn">Rottal-Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwandorf_(district)" title="Schwandorf (district)">Schwandorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt_(district)" title="Schweinfurt (district)">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starnberg_(district)" title="Starnberg (district)">Starnberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straubing-Bogen" title="Straubing-Bogen">Straubing-Bogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirschenreuth_(district)" title="Tirschenreuth (district)">Tirschenreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traunstein_(district)" title="Traunstein (district)">Traunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterallg%C3%A4u" title="Unterallgäu">Unterallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weilheim-Schongau" title="Weilheim-Schongau">Weilheim-Schongau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg-Gunzenhausen" title="Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen">Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunsiedel_(district)" title="Wunsiedel (district)">Wunsiedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(district)" title="Würzburg (district)">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Swabian_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swabian_Circle" title="Template:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swabian_Circle" title="Template talk:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian_Circle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Swabian_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian Circle</a> (1500–1806) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Ecclesiastical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Augsburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Constance" title="Prince-Bishopric of Constance">Constance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellwangen_Abbey" title="Ellwangen Abbey">Ellwangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_Abbey_of_Kempten" title="Princely Abbey of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau_Abbey" title="Lindau Abbey">Lindau</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/150px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/225px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/300px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BCrst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsfürst">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg" title="Heiligenberg">Heiligenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Hechingen" title="Hohenzollern-Hechingen">Hohenzollern-Hechingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klettgau" title="Klettgau">Klettgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Vaduz" title="County of Vaduz">Vaduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg" title="Waldburg">Waldburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Scheer" title="Waldburg-Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Trauchburg" title="Waldburg-Trauchburg">Trauchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Waldsee" title="Waldburg-Waldsee">Waldsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Wolfegg" title="Waldburg-Wolfegg">Wolfegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Wurzach" title="Waldburg-Wurzach">Wurzach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Zeil" title="Waldburg-Zeil">Zeil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchy of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">Prelates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baindt_Abbey" title="Baindt Abbey">Baindt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchau_Abbey" title="Buchau Abbey">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elchingen_Abbey" title="Elchingen Abbey">Elchingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach_Abbey" title="Gengenbach Abbey">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutenzell_Abbey" title="Gutenzell Abbey">Gutenzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heggbach_Abbey" title="Heggbach Abbey">Heggbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irsee_Abbey" title="Irsee Abbey">Irsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisheim_Abbey" title="Kaisheim Abbey">Kaisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commandry_of_Mainau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commandry of Mainau (page does not exist)">Mainau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchtal_Abbey" title="Marchtal Abbey">Marchtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neresheim_Abbey" title="Neresheim Abbey">Neresheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochsenhausen_Abbey" title="Ochsenhausen Abbey">Ochsenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petershausen_Abbey" title="Petershausen Abbey">Petershausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roggenburg_Abbey" title="Roggenburg Abbey">Roggenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rot_an_der_Rot_Abbey" title="Rot an der Rot Abbey">Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottenm%C3%BCnster_Abbey" title="Rottenmünster Abbey">Rottenmünster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Abbey" title="Salem Abbey">Salmanweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Abbey,_Isny" title="St. George's Abbey, Isny">St. George's in Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schussenried_Abbey" title="Schussenried Abbey">Schussenried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6flingen_Abbey" title="Söflingen Abbey">Söflingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursberg_Abbey" title="Ursberg Abbey">Ursberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weingarten_Abbey" title="Weingarten Abbey">Weingarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weissenau_Abbey" title="Weissenau Abbey">Weißenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wettenhausen_Abbey" title="Wettenhausen Abbey">Wettenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwiefalten_Abbey" title="Zwiefalten Abbey">Zwiefalten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Counts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herr_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herr (title)">Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altshausen" title="Altshausen">Altshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baar,_Swabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baar, Swabia">Baar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondorf" title="Bondorf">Bondorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Eberstein" title="County of Eberstein">Eberstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenstein_(Reutlingen)" title="Hohenstein (Reutlingen)">Eglingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Eglofs" title="Lordship of Eglofs">Eglofs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugger_family" title="Fugger family">Fugger</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Jakob)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Jakob) (page does not exist)">Jakob</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Johann)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Johann) (page does not exist)">Johann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Markus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Markus) (page does not exist)">Markus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundelfingen" title="Gundelfingen">Gundelfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigmarinen-Gutenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigmarinen-Gutenstein (page does not exist)">Gutenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_of_Hausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship of Hausen (page does not exist)">Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg" title="Heiligenberg">Heiligenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Helfenstein" title="House of Helfenstein">Helfenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenems" title="Hohenems">Hohenems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohengeroldseck" title="Hohengeroldseck">Hohengeroldseck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schelklingen" title="Schelklingen">Justingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinzigerthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinzigerthal (page does not exist)">Kinzigerthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsegg-Aulendorf" title="Königsegg-Aulendorf">Königsegg and Aulendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustenau" title="Lustenau">Lustenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C3%9Fkirch" title="Meßkirch">Meßkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindelheim" title="Mindelheim">Mindelheim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwabegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwabegg (page does not exist)">Schwabegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberdischingen" title="Oberdischingen">Oberdischingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oettingen_in_Bayern" title="Oettingen in Bayern">Öttingen</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ttingen-Baldern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öttingen-Baldern (page does not exist)">Baldern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oettingen-Oettingen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Oettingen-Oettingen">Öttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oettingen-Wallerstein" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Oettingen-Wallerstein">Wallerstein</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechberg_and_Rothenl%C3%B6wen" title="Rechberg and Rothenlöwen">Rechberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsegg-Rothenfels" title="Königsegg-Rothenfels">Rothenfels and Stauffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BChlingen" title="Stühlingen">Stühlingen and Hohenhöwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tettnang" title="Tettnang">Tettnang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Langenargen" title="Langenargen">Langenargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thannhausen" title="Thannhausen">Thannhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesensteig" title="Wiesensteig">Wiesensteig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchhorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchhorn">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <b>Swabian</b>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swabian_League" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swabian_League" title="Template:Swabian League"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swabian_League" title="Template talk:Swabian League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian League"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swabian_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swabian_League" title="Swabian League">Swabian League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights%27_War" title="Knights' War">Knights' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconian_War" title="Franconian War">Franconian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">Peasants' War</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the Swabian League"><img alt="Arms of the Swabian League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bayreuth" title="Principality of Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ansbach" title="Principality of Ansbach">Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Mainz" title="Electorate of Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Trier" title="Electorate of Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="County of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Swabian_League" title="Category:Swabian League">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Schwäbischer Bund"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14825#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14825#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14825#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131134819">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcxbvhhJM6HxMQQkQcyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4038586-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82075645">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12255927j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12255927j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Memmingen (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0163760&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534114605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/12a6eaff-97c2-4c0c-a696-6252532bd7cf">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/124732844">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045634">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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