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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geologic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Human history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kursenieki_habitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kursenieki_habitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kursenieki habitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kursenieki_habitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists'_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists'_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Artists' colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists'_colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kursenieki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kursenieki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kursenieki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kursenieki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Current state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parnidis_dune_and_sundial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parnidis_dune_and_sundial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Parnidis dune and sundial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parnidis_dune_and_sundial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Environmental concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Curonian Spit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerse_Skoorwal" title="Koerse Skoorwal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koerse Skoorwal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%AE_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="برزخ قورش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برزخ قورش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%9F_dili" title="Kurş dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kurş dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Куршская каса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Куршская каса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Курская пярэспа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Курская пярэспа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Куршска коса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Куршска коса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurska_prevlaka" title="Kurska prevlaka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kurska prevlaka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erv_Kourland" title="Erv Kourland – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Erv Kourland" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istme_de_Curl%C3%A0ndia" title="Istme de Curlàndia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istme de Curlàndia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88_%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%C4%95" title="Курш сăмсахĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Курш сăмсахĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%A1i%C5%B3_nerija" title="Kuršių nerija – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kuršių nerija" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kursk%C3%A1_kosa" title="Kurská kosa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kurská kosa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_kuriske_landtange" title="Den kuriske landtange – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den kuriske landtange" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurische_Nehrung" title="Kurische Nehrung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kurische Nehrung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura_s%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Kura säär – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kura säär" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αμμολωρίδα της Κουρονίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμμολωρίδα της Κουρονίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Curlandia" title="Istmo de Curlandia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Istmo de Curlandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurona_duoninsulo" title="Kurona duoninsulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kurona duoninsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurlandiako_istmoa" title="Kurlandiako istmoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kurlandiako istmoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نواره کورونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نواره کورونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthme_de_Courlande" title="Isthme de Courlande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isthme de Courlande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%A3%BC" title="쿠로니아 사주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠로니아 사주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurska_kosa" title="Kurska kosa – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kurska kosa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurska_prevlaka" title="Kurska prevlaka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kurska prevlaka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurland-istmo" title="Kurland-istmo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kurland-istmo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bura_Kuron" title="Bura Kuron – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bura Kuron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisola_di_Neringa" title="Penisola di Neringa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penisola di Neringa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרצועה הקורונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרצועה הקורונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="კურშის ცელა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კურშის ცელა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_terrae_Curonica" title="Lingua terrae Curonica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua terrae Curonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%A1u_k%C4%81pas" title="Kuršu kāpas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kuršu kāpas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%A1i%C5%B3_nerija" title="Kuršių nerija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kuršių nerija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur-f%C3%B6ldnyelv" title="Kur-földnyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kur-földnyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Курски Провлак – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Курски Провлак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmu_Kuronjan" title="Istmu Kuronjan – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Istmu Kuronjan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F" title="कुरोनियन स्पिट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुरोनियन स्पिट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerse_Schoorwal" title="Koerse Schoorwal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" 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title="Den kuriske landtunge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den kuriske landtunge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_kuriske_landtunga" title="Den kuriske landtunga – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den kuriske landtunga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mierzeja_Kuro%C5%84ska" title="Mierzeja Kurońska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mierzeja Kurońska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_da_Curl%C3%A2ndia" title="Istmo da Curlândia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istmo da Curlândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordonul_litoral_al_Curlandei" title="Cordonul litoral al Curlandei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cordonul litoral al Curlandei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Куршская коса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Куршская коса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curonian_Spit" title="Curonian Spit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Curonian Spit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_kosa" title="Kuršská kosa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kuršská kosa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurska_kosa" title="Kurska kosa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kurska kosa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Курска превлака – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Курска превлака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%A1ka_prevlaka" title="Kurška prevlaka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kurška prevlaka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Curonian_Spit&params=55_16_28_N_20_58_15_E_region:LT_type:landmark_dim:80000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°16′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">20°58′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.27444°N 20.97083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.27444; 20.97083</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sand dune spit on the Baltic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Curonian Spit</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirties_sl%C4%97nis_nuo_Parnid%C5%BEio_kopos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mirties_sl%C4%97nis_nuo_Parnid%C5%BEio_kopos.JPG/220px-Mirties_sl%C4%97nis_nuo_Parnid%C5%BEio_kopos.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mirties_sl%C4%97nis_nuo_Parnid%C5%BEio_kopos.JPG/330px-Mirties_sl%C4%97nis_nuo_Parnid%C5%BEio_kopos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mirties_sl%C4%97nis_nuo_Parnid%C5%BEio_kopos.JPG/440px-Mirties_sl%C4%97nis_nuo_Parnid%C5%BEio_kopos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Valley of Death looking from the <a href="/wiki/Parnidis_Dune" title="Parnidis Dune">Parnidis Dune</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neringa_Municipality" title="Neringa Municipality">Neringa Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> in October 2022.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> <a href="/wiki/Zelenogradsky_District" title="Zelenogradsky District">Zelenogradsky District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: v</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/994">994</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2000 (24th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">33,021 ha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Curonian_Spit&params=55_16_28_N_20_58_15_E_region:LT_type:landmark_dim:80000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°16′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">20°58′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.27444°N 20.97083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.27444; 20.97083</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Curonian Spit is located in Baltic Sea"><img alt="Curonian Spit is located in Baltic Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Baltic_Sea.png 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="1039" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.694%;left:55.421%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Curonian Spit"><img alt="Curonian Spit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of the Curonian Spit on the Baltic Sea coast of Northern Europe</div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Baltic Sea</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Curonian Spit is located in Kaliningrad Oblast"><img alt="Curonian Spit is located in Kaliningrad Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Relief_Map_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Relief_Map_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Relief_Map_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="312" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.111%;left:45.406%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Curonian Spit"><img alt="Curonian Spit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Curonian Spit (Kaliningrad Oblast)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Kaliningrad Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Curonian Spit is located in Lithuania"><img alt="Curonian Spit is located in Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Relief_Map_of_Lithuania.jpg/250px-Relief_Map_of_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Relief_Map_of_Lithuania.jpg/375px-Relief_Map_of_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Relief_Map_of_Lithuania.jpg/500px-Relief_Map_of_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.519%;left:8.395%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Curonian Spit"><img alt="Curonian Spit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Curonian Spit (Lithuania)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lithuania</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Curonian (Courish) Spit</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>: <i lang="lt">Kuršių nerija</i>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ку́ршская коса́</span>) is a 98-kilometre (61 mi) long, thin, curved sand-<a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">dune</a> <a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">spit</a> that separates the <a href="/wiki/Curonian_Lagoon" title="Curonian Lagoon">Curonian Lagoon</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> shared by Lithuania and Russia. Its southern portion lies within <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a> of Russia, and its northern within southwestern <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda County</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curonian_Spit_and_Lagoon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curonian_Spit_and_Lagoon.png/220px-Curonian_Spit_and_Lagoon.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curonian_Spit_and_Lagoon.png/330px-Curonian_Spit_and_Lagoon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Curonian_Spit_and_Lagoon.png/440px-Curonian_Spit_and_Lagoon.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Curonian Spit and Lagoon</figcaption></figure> <p>The Curonian Spit stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Sambia_Peninsula" title="Sambia Peninsula">Sambia Peninsula</a> on the south to its northern tip next to a narrow <a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">strait</a>, across which is the port city of <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> mainland. The northern 52 km (32 mi) long stretch of the Curonian Spit peninsula lies in <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda County</a>, Lithuania, while the rest is part of <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, Russia. The width of the spit varies from a minimum of 400 m (1,300 ft) in Russia (near the village of <a href="/wiki/Lesnoy,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Lesnoy, Kaliningrad Oblast">Lesnoy</a>) to a maximum of 3,800 m (12,500 ft; 2.4 mi) in Lithuania (just north of <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologic_history">Geologic history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geologic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Curonian Spit was formed about 3rd millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalpark_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalpark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A glacial <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraine</a> served as its foundation; winds and sea currents later contributed enough <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> to raise and keep the formation above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalpark_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalpark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of this narrow <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">shoal</a> is inherently threatened by the natural processes that govern shoreline features.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It depends on a dynamic balance between sand transport and deposition. Geologically it is an ephemeral coast element. The most likely development is that the shallow bay inside the Curonian Spit will eventually fill up with <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a>, thus creating new land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_history">Human history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Human history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythology">Mythology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> for the name of <a href="/wiki/Neringa_Municipality" title="Neringa Municipality">Neringa Municipality</a>, there was a giantess girl named <span class="anchor" id="Neringa"></span>Neringa, who formed the Curonian Spit and helped fishermen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From c. 800 to 1016, the Spit was the location of <a href="/wiki/Kaup_(emporium)" title="Kaup (emporium)">Kaup</a>, a major <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> trading centre which has not yet been <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavated</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> occupied the area in the 13th century, building their castles at <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Memel</a> (1252), <a href="/wiki/Guryevsk,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Guryevsk, Kaliningrad Oblast">Neuhausen</a> (1283), and at <a href="/wiki/Rybachy,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Rybachy, Kaliningrad Oblast">Rossitten</a> (1372). After the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)</a>, the spit became part of a Polish <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> held by the Teutonic Knights. The spit may have been the home of the last living speaker of now-extinct <a href="/wiki/Old_Prussian_language" title="Old Prussian language">Old Prussian</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Krickus-2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krickus-2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kursenieki_habitation">Kursenieki habitation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kursenieki habitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curonians_kursenieki_in_1649.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Curonians_kursenieki_in_1649.png/220px-Curonians_kursenieki_in_1649.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Curonians_kursenieki_in_1649.png/330px-Curonians_kursenieki_in_1649.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Curonians_kursenieki_in_1649.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kursenieki" title="Kursenieki">Kursenieki</a> populated area in 1649</figcaption></figure> <p>Significant human impacts on the area began in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalpark_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalpark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 18th century, it was part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a> of the spit due to <a href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">overgrazing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a> harvesting, and building of boats for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gross-J%C3%A4gersdorf" title="Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf">Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf</a> in 1757 led to the dunes taking over the spit and burying entire villages. Alarmed by these problems, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a> government sponsored large-scale revegetation and <a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a> efforts, which started in 1825. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Owing to these efforts, much of the spit is now covered with forests. </p><p>In the 19th century the Curonian Spit was inhabited primarily by <a href="/wiki/Kursenieki" title="Kursenieki">Kursenieki</a>, with a significant <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> minority in the south and a <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanian</a> minority in the north. The population of Kursenieki eventually dwindled due to assimilation and other reasons; it is close to non-existent these days.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artists'_colony"><span id="Artists.27_colony"></span>Artists' colony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Artists' colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nida_ThomasMann_cottage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Nida_ThomasMann_cottage.jpg/220px-Nida_ThomasMann_cottage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Nida_ThomasMann_cottage.jpg/330px-Nida_ThomasMann_cottage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Nida_ThomasMann_cottage.jpg/440px-Nida_ThomasMann_cottage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>'s summer home</figcaption></figure> <p>From the late 19th century, the dune landscape around Nidden (<a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>) became popular with <a href="/wiki/Landscape_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape art">landscape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">animal painters</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Kunstakademie Königsberg">Kunstakademie Königsberg</a></i> arts school. The local inn of Herman Blode was the nucleus of the <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionist</a> artists' colony (<i>Künstlerkolonie Nidden</i>). <a href="/wiki/Lovis_Corinth" title="Lovis Corinth">Lovis Corinth</a> stayed here in 1890, followed by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Max_Pechstein" title="Max Pechstein">Max Pechstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lichtwark" title="Alfred Lichtwark">Alfred Lichtwark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schmidt-Rottluff" title="Karl Schmidt-Rottluff">Karl Schmidt-Rottluff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Partikel" title="Alfred Partikel">Alfred Partikel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-W159_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W159-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Painters from Königsberg such as Julius Freymuth visited the area, as did poets like <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Wiechert" title="Ernst Wiechert">Ernst Wiechert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Zuckmayer" title="Carl Zuckmayer">Carl Zuckmayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-W159_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W159-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other guests included <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kirchner" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Kirchner">Ernst Kirchner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Domscheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Domscheit">Franz Domscheit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curonian_Spit_NP_05-2017_img17_aerial_view_at_Epha_Dune.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Curonian_Spit_NP_05-2017_img17_aerial_view_at_Epha_Dune.jpg/220px-Curonian_Spit_NP_05-2017_img17_aerial_view_at_Epha_Dune.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Curonian_Spit_NP_05-2017_img17_aerial_view_at_Epha_Dune.jpg/330px-Curonian_Spit_NP_05-2017_img17_aerial_view_at_Epha_Dune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Curonian_Spit_NP_05-2017_img17_aerial_view_at_Epha_Dune.jpg/440px-Curonian_Spit_NP_05-2017_img17_aerial_view_at_Epha_Dune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4213" data-file-height="2633" /></a><figcaption>Curonian Spit in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1901 to 1946 the village of Rossitten, now <a href="/wiki/Rybachy,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Rybachy, Kaliningrad Oblast">Rybachy</a>, became the site of the <a href="/wiki/Rossitten_Bird_Observatory" title="Rossitten Bird Observatory">Rossitten Bird Observatory</a>, founded by German <a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">ornithologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Thienemann" title="Johannes Thienemann">Johannes Thienemann</a> there because of the Spit's importance as a <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">bird migration</a> corridor. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nidden" class="mw-redirect" title="Nidden">Nidden</a>, together with the northern half of the Curonian Spit became part of the <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Klaipėda Region">Klaipėda Region</a> according to the 1919 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> and was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Lithuania</a> in 1923. Officially renamed <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>, the village nevertheless remained a German-majority settlement – the border with the remaining <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussian</a> half of the Spit lay only a few kilometres to the south. </p><p>In 1929 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>-winning writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a> visited Nida while on holiday in nearby <a href="/wiki/Svetlogorsk,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast">Rauschen</a> and decided to have a summer house erected on a hill above the Lagoon, mocked as <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> (<i>Onkel Toms Hütte</i>) by locals. He and his family spent the summers of 1930–1932 in the thatched cottage; parts of the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_and_His_Brothers" title="Joseph and His Brothers">Joseph and His Brothers</a></i> (<i>Joseph und seine Brüder</i>) were written here. Threatened by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazis</a>, Mann left Germany after Hitler's <i><a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" class="mw-redirect" title="Machtergreifung">Machtergreifung</a></i> in 1933 and never returned to Nida. After the Klaipėda Region was again annexed by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> in 1939, his house was seized at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> and served as a recreation home for <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> officers. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">German-occupied</a> Lithuanian part of the spit was restored to Lithuania, while the remainder fell to Russia. The German population was expelled after the war by the occupying Soviet forces in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a>. Like elsewhere in present-day <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, the assimilation of the territory and colonization by Russian settlers was completed by changing the historic German toponyms to Russian ones throughout the Russian-controlled part of the Spit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Today">Today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the breakup of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, tourism flourished; many Germans, mostly the descendants of the inhabitants of the area, choose the Curonian Spit (especially Nida, as no visas are needed for Germans in Lithuania) as their holiday destination. In 2019 the making of <a href="/wiki/Curonian_Lagoon_Boats%E2%80%99_Weathervanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Curonian Lagoon Boats’ Weathervanes">Curonian Lagoon Boats’ Weathervanes</a> was inscribed into The <a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a> Inventory of Lithuania as a form of <a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">folk art</a>, traditional craftsmanship or agricultural activities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kursenieki">Kursenieki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Kursenieki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kursenieki" title="Kursenieki">Kursenieki</a></div> <p>While today the <a href="/wiki/Kursenieki" title="Kursenieki">Kursenieki</a>, also known as Kuršininkai, are a nearly extinct <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Baltic</a> ethnic group living along the Curonian Spit, in 1649 Kuršininkai settlement spanned from <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Memel (Klaipėda)</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>. The Kuršininkai were eventually assimilated by the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, except along the Curonian Spit where some still live. The Kuršininkai were considered <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> until after World War I, when <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> gained independence from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, a consideration based on linguistic arguments. This was the rationale for Latvian claims over the Curonian Spit, <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Memel</a> and other territories of <a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussia</a>, which would be later dropped. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurenwimpel_aus_Nidden_(2004).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Curonian pennant, Nida"><img alt="Curonian pennant, Nida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Kurenwimpel_aus_Nidden_%282004%29.JPG/240px-Kurenwimpel_aus_Nidden_%282004%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Kurenwimpel_aus_Nidden_%282004%29.JPG/360px-Kurenwimpel_aus_Nidden_%282004%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Kurenwimpel_aus_Nidden_%282004%29.JPG/480px-Kurenwimpel_aus_Nidden_%282004%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kursenieki" title="Kursenieki">Curonian</a> pennant, Nida</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krikstas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krikštas burial marker"><img alt="Krikštas burial marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Krikstas.jpg/271px-Krikstas.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Krikstas.jpg/406px-Krikstas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Krikstas.jpg/542px-Krikstas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Krik%C5%A1tas" title="Krikštas">Krikštas</a> burial marker</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_cemetery_in_Nida.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old cemetery in Nida"><img alt="Old cemetery in Nida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Old_cemetery_in_Nida.jpg/135px-Old_cemetery_in_Nida.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Old_cemetery_in_Nida.jpg/202px-Old_cemetery_in_Nida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Old_cemetery_in_Nida.jpg/270px-Old_cemetery_in_Nida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viesbutis,_Kavine_in_Nida.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Small inn and cafe in Nida"><img alt="Small inn and cafe in Nida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Viesbutis%2C_Kavine_in_Nida.jpg/268px-Viesbutis%2C_Kavine_in_Nida.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Viesbutis%2C_Kavine_in_Nida.jpg/402px-Viesbutis%2C_Kavine_in_Nida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Viesbutis%2C_Kavine_in_Nida.jpg/536px-Viesbutis%2C_Kavine_in_Nida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1189" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Small inn and cafe in <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:E%C5%A0ERIN%C4%96,_svetain%C4%97_(9617446912).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish restaurant in Nida"><img alt="Fish restaurant in Nida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/E%C5%A0ERIN%C4%96%2C_svetain%C4%97_%289617446912%29.jpg/240px-E%C5%A0ERIN%C4%96%2C_svetain%C4%97_%289617446912%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/E%C5%A0ERIN%C4%96%2C_svetain%C4%97_%289617446912%29.jpg/360px-E%C5%A0ERIN%C4%96%2C_svetain%C4%97_%289617446912%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/E%C5%A0ERIN%C4%96%2C_svetain%C4%97_%289617446912%29.jpg/480px-E%C5%A0ERIN%C4%96%2C_svetain%C4%97_%289617446912%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_state">Current state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Current state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curonian_Lagoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Curonian_Lagoon.jpg/220px-Curonian_Lagoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Curonian_Lagoon.jpg/330px-Curonian_Lagoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Curonian_Lagoon.jpg/440px-Curonian_Lagoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>Landsat photo</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nidos_kopos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nidos_kopos.jpg/180px-Nidos_kopos.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nidos_kopos.jpg/270px-Nidos_kopos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nidos_kopos.jpg/360px-Nidos_kopos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1640" data-file-height="999" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nida_sand_dunes_(August_6,_2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Nida_sand_dunes_%28August_6%2C_2007%29.jpg/180px-Nida_sand_dunes_%28August_6%2C_2007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Nida_sand_dunes_%28August_6%2C_2007%29.jpg/270px-Nida_sand_dunes_%28August_6%2C_2007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Nida_sand_dunes_%28August_6%2C_2007%29.jpg/360px-Nida_sand_dunes_%28August_6%2C_2007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="1904" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center">Curonian Spit sand dunes in <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida, Lithuania</a></div></div></div></div> <p>The Curonian Spit is home to the highest moving (drifting) sand dunes in Europe. Their average height is 35 metres (115 ft), but some attain a height of 60 metres (200 ft). Several <a href="/wiki/Community_(ecology)" title="Community (ecology)">ecological communities</a> are present on and near the Spit, from its outer beaches to dune ridges, <a href="/wiki/Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetlands">wetlands</a>, meadows, and forests.<sup id="cite_ref-eco_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eco-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its location on the <a href="/wiki/East_Atlantic_Flyway" title="East Atlantic Flyway">East Atlantic Flyway</a> means it is frequently visited by migratory waterfowl. Between 10 and 20 million birds fly over the feature during spring and autumn migrations, and many pause to rest or breed there.<sup id="cite_ref-eco_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eco-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the Russian and Lithuanian parts of the spit are <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>. </p><p>The settlements of the Curonian Spit (from north to south) are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smiltyn%C4%97" title="Smiltynė">Smiltynė</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alksnyn%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alksnynė (page does not exist)">Alksnynė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juodkrant%C4%97" title="Juodkrantė">Juodkrantė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervalka" title="Pervalka">Pervalka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preila" title="Preila">Preila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morskoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morskoe (page does not exist)">Morskoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybachy,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Rybachy, Kaliningrad Oblast">Rybachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesnoy,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Lesnoy, Kaliningrad Oblast">Lesnoy</a></li></ul> <p>The first six are on the Lithuanian side, while the last three are on the Russian side. The Russian side of the Curonian Spit belongs to <a href="/wiki/Zelenogradsky_District" title="Zelenogradsky District">Zelenogradsky District</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, while the Lithuanian side is partitioned among <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_city_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Klaipėda city municipality">Klaipėda city municipality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neringa_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Neringa municipality">Neringa municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_County" title="Klaipėda County">Klaipėda County</a>. </p><p>There is a single road that traverses the whole length of the Curonian Spit. Car <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferries</a> provide a transportation link between <a href="/wiki/Smiltyn%C4%97" title="Smiltynė">Smiltynė</a>, located on the spit, and the port town of Klaipėda. </p><p>Since 2000, the Curonian Spit has been on <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage List</a> under cultural criteria "V" ("an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture [...], or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change"). </p><p>As of March 2012, there was a demand to demolish a number of homes on the Curonian Spit. These homes are owned by people who were given permits to build by corrupt local government<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Which local government?? (May 2020)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> officials. The demand to demolish the homes down is due to the Spit being a UN World Heritage Site, and the only structures that were to be allowed outside official settlements were fishing huts.<sup id="cite_ref-Controversy_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Controversy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wald_der_tanzenden_B%C3%A4ume01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wald_der_tanzenden_B%C3%A4ume01.jpg/220px-Wald_der_tanzenden_B%C3%A4ume01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wald_der_tanzenden_B%C3%A4ume01.jpg/330px-Wald_der_tanzenden_B%C3%A4ume01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wald_der_tanzenden_B%C3%A4ume01.jpg/440px-Wald_der_tanzenden_B%C3%A4ume01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3731" data-file-height="2526" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dancing_Forest" title="Dancing Forest">Dancing Forest</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The largest town on the spit is <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a> in Lithuania, a holiday resort, mostly frequented by Lithuanian and German tourists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parnidis_dune_and_sundial">Parnidis dune and sundial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Parnidis dune and sundial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parnidis_Dune" title="Parnidis Dune">Parnidis Dune</a></div> <p>Parnidis sand dune, subjected to drift by harsh winds, is rising up to 52 metres (171 ft) above sea level. Local residents believe that the name <i>Parnidis</i> comes from the phrase meaning "passed across <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>", because this wind-blown dune has several times passed through the village of Nida. Scientists estimated that each person climbing or descending on the steep dune slopes moves several tons of sand, so hikers are allowed to climb only in designated paths. </p><p>There is a granite sundial built on Parnidis dune in 1995 that accurately shows the time. The sundial was rebuilt in 2011 following storm damage. The sundial is a stone pillar 13.8 metres (45 ft) high and weighing 36 tonnes (35 long tons; 40 short tons). It consists in small steps covered with granite slabs, carved with hour and half-hour notches, as well as one notch for each month, and four additional notches for solstices and equinoxes. From the astronomical point of view Parnidis dune is an ideal place for the sundial in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_concerns">Environmental concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Environmental concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nidos_kopos_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nidos_kopos_2008.jpg/220px-Nidos_kopos_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nidos_kopos_2008.jpg/330px-Nidos_kopos_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nidos_kopos_2008.jpg/440px-Nidos_kopos_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>The Curonian Spit is known for its fine sandy beaches (<a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>, Lithuania).</figcaption></figure> <p>There are environmental concerns related to the Curonian Spit, which is often promoted as a refuge of clean nature. </p><p>Due to the importance of tourism and fishing for the regional economy, pollution of sea and coastlines may have disastrous effects for the area as the unique nature and the economy would be damaged. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nida_sand_dunes_(14573723178).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/220px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/330px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg/440px-Nida_sand_dunes_%2814573723178%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2315" /></a><figcaption>Sand dunes near <a href="/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>, Lithuania</figcaption></figure> <p>The construction of an offshore drilling facility (the <a href="/wiki/Kravtsovskoye_(D-6)_oilfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Kravtsovskoye (D-6) oilfield">Kravtsovskoye (D-6) oilfield</a>) in the territorial waters of Russia, 22.5 km (14.0 mi) from the coastline of the Curonian Spit raised concerns over possible oil spills. Between 2002 and 2005 local environmentalists in Kaliningrad Oblast<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Lithuania<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> protested against <a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a>'s plans to exploit the oilfield, objecting to the possible great damage to the environment and tourism (a vital source of income in the area) in case of <a href="/wiki/Oil_spill" title="Oil spill">oil leakage</a>. These concerns did not engender support in the government of Russia. They were, however, supported by the government of Lithuania. The oilfield is about 4 km (2.5 mi) from the boundary of Lithuanian territorial waters; the prevailing northward <a href="/wiki/Ocean_current" title="Ocean current">currents</a> means that the Lithuanian coastlines would receive much potential damage in case of leakage. Opposition to the operation of D-6 met little international support, and the oil platform was opened in 2004. During the first decade of the 21st century the two states agreed to a joint <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">environmental impact assessment</a> of the D-6 project, including plans for oil spill mitigation.<sup id="cite_ref-eia_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assessment and mitigation project had not been completed as of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-eia_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another concern is that increased tourism destroys the very nature that attracts it. For this reason, protective measures have been taken, such as banning tourists from hiking in certain areas of the spit. </p><p>Natural hazards are more dangerous in the Curonian Spit than elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>. For example, storms tend to be stronger there. Due to the importance of trees in preventing soil erosion, forest fires that happen in summer are more dangerous to the ecology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1i%C5%B3_Nerija_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuršių Nerija National Park">Kuršių Nerija National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_Spit_National_Park_(Russia)" title="Curonian Spit National Park (Russia)">Curonian Spit National Park (Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecekrugas_dune" class="mw-redirect" title="Vecekrugas dune">Vecekrugas dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula_Spit" title="Vistula Spit">Vistula Spit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nationalpark-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nationalpark_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalpark_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalpark_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nerija.lt/en/landscape">"LANDSCAPE"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1i%C5%B3_Nerija_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuršių Nerija National Park">Kuršių Nerija National Park</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120530232622/http://www.nerija.lt:80/en/landscape">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LANDSCAPE&rft.pub=Kur%C5%A1i%C5%B3+Nerija+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nerija.lt%2Fen%2Flandscape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/994">"Curonian Spit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curonian+Spit&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gitana Kazimieraitienė, <i>Legendos pasakoja. Lietuvos geografiniai objektai</i>, Kaunas, „Šviesa“, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5430047694" title="Special:BookSources/5430047694">5430047694</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://b-ok.cc/book/935347/12e7bb">online</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krickus-2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krickus-2002_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrickus2002" class="citation book cs1">Krickus, Richard J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sDOUZEEnHFUC&q=curonian+spit+existence&pg=PA17"><i>The Kaliningrad question</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1705-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1705-9"><bdi>978-0-7425-1705-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kaliningrad+question&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-1705-9&rft.aulast=Krickus&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsDOUZEEnHFUC%26q%3Dcuronian%2Bspit%2Bexistence%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W159-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-W159_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-W159_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weise, p. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://savadas.lnkc.lt/en/elements/element-list/delmonai-of-lithuania-minor/">"The making of Curonian Lagoon boats' weathervanes"</a>. <i>savadas.lnkc.lt</i>. Lithuanian National Culture Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=savadas.lnkc.lt&rft.atitle=The+making+of+Curonian+Lagoon+boats%E2%80%99+weathervanes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsavadas.lnkc.lt%2Fen%2Felements%2Felement-list%2Fdelmonai-of-lithuania-minor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eco-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eco_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eco_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722153454/http://www.unesco.lt/documents/Paveldas/Kursiu%20nerija/curonian%20spit_nomination.pdf">"Curonian Spit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.lt/documents/Paveldas/Kursiu%20nerija/curonian%20spit_nomination.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curonian+Spit&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.lt%2Fdocuments%2FPaveldas%2FKursiu%2520nerija%2Fcuronian%2520spit_nomination.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Controversy-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Controversy_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/lithuania-the-battle-for-the-curonian-spit/av-16281159">"Lithuania:The Battle for the Curonian Spit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Lithuania%3AThe+Battle+for+the+Curonian+Spit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Flithuania-the-battle-for-the-curonian-spit%2Fav-16281159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324154902/http://www.lithuania.travel/en-gb/attractions/parnidis-dune-with-sun-clock--calendar/17184">"Parnidis Dune with Sun Clock – Calendar"</a>. Lithuania.travel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lithuania.travel/en-gb/attractions/parnidis-dune-with-sun-clock--calendar/17184">the original</a> on 2016-03-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parnidis+Dune+with+Sun+Clock+%E2%80%93+Calendar&rft.pub=Lithuania.travel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lithuania.travel%2Fen-gb%2Fattractions%2Fparnidis-dune-with-sun-clock--calendar%2F17184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ecodefense.ru/pubs_reports_lukoil_eng_3.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009224435/http://www.ecodefense.ru/pubs_reports_lukoil_eng_3.html">Archived</a> October 9, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.zalieji.lt/temos/Lukoil">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060111161258/http://www.zalieji.lt/temos/Lukoil">Archived</a> January 11, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eia-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eia_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eia_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/1705">"32COM 7B.98 – Curonian Spit (Lithuania / Russian Federation) (C 994)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">World Heritage Committee</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=32COM+7B.98+%E2%80%93+Curonian+Spit+%28Lithuania+%2F+Russian+Federation%29+%28C+994%29&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdecisions%2F1705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuronian+Spit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Curonian_Spit#Q5595" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Curonian Spit">Curonian Spit</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curonian_Spit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Curonian Spit">Curonian Spit</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/sites/994.htm">UNESCO World Heritage Site <i>Curonian Spit</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nerija.lt/en">Kursiu Nerija National Park (in Lithuania)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514164118/http://www.nerija.lt/en">Archived</a> 2015-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050817075837/http://www.kurshskayakosa.ru/">National Park Kurshskaya Kosa (in Russia)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zin.ru/rybachy/">Rybachy Biological Station, Russian Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625025441/http://www.nhpfund.org/nominations/curonian_spit.html">Curonian Spit</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhpfund.org/">Natural Heritage Protection Fund</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Lithuania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Lithuania" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Lithuania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Lithuania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curonian Spit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernav%C4%97" title="Kernavė">Kernavė</a> Archaeological Site <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cultural Reserve of Kernavė)</span></li> <li>Modernist <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>: <span style="font-size:85%;">Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struve_Geodetic_Arc" title="Struve Geodetic Arc">Struve Geodetic Arc</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(with nine other countries)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Old_Town" title="Vilnius Old Town">Vilnius</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Historic Centre</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lithuania" title="Portal:Lithuania">Lithuania portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia_by_federal_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia_by_federal_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">World Heritage Sites in Russia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">federal district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Federal_District" title="Central Federal District">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolomenskoye" title="Kolomenskoye">Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">and</span> <a href="/wiki/Red_Square" title="Red Square">Red Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novodevichy_Convent" title="Novodevichy Convent">Novodevichy Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lavra_of_St._Sergius" title="Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius">Trinity Sergius Lavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Monuments_of_Vladimir_and_Suzdal" title="White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal">White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Historic Centre of Yaroslavl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sikhote-Alin" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Sikhote-Alin">Central Sikhote-Alin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscapes_of_Dauria" title="Landscapes of Dauria">Landscapes of Dauria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Pillars" title="Lena Pillars">Lena Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanoes_of_Kamchatka" title="Volcanoes of Kamchatka">Volcanoes of Kamchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangel_Island" title="Wrangel Island">Wrangel Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_Federal_District" title="North Caucasian Federal District">North Caucasian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naryn-Kala" title="Naryn-Kala">Naryn-Kala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Federal_District" title="Northwestern Federal District">Northwestern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curonian Spit</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferapontov_Monastery" title="Ferapontov Monastery">Ferapontov Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizhi_Pogost" title="Kizhi Pogost">Kizhi Pogost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs_of_Lake_Onega_and_the_White_Sea" title="Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea">Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Komi_Forests" title="Virgin Komi Forests">Virgin Komi Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Novgorod_and_Surroundings" title="Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings">Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_the_Pskov_School_of_Architecture" title="Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture">Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Saint_Petersburg_and_Related_Groups_of_Monuments" title="Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments">Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Surroundings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_Palace" title="Peterhof Palace">Peterhof Palace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solovetsky_Islands" title="Solovetsky Islands">Solovetsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struve_Geodetic_Arc" title="Struve Geodetic Arc">Struve Geodetic Arc</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenozersky_National_Park" title="Kenozersky National Park">Kenozero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_District" title="Siberian Federal District">Siberian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Mountains_of_Altai" title="Golden Mountains of Altai">Golden Mountains of Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putorana_Plateau" title="Putorana Plateau">Putorana Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvs_Nuur_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvs Nuur Basin">Uvs Nuur Basin</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Caucasus" title="Western Caucasus">Western Caucasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sviyazhsk_Assumption_Monastery" title="Sviyazhsk Assumption Monastery">Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of Sviyazhsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_Kremlin" title="Kazan Kremlin">Kazan Kremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Observatory_of_Kazan_University" title="Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University">Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> Shared with nine other countries</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5595#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/234126334">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4033800-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Courland Spit (Lithuania and Russia)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85033537">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kuronská kosa (Litva a Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge410981&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000052791&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531276505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&oldid=1253057191">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curonian_Spit&oldid=1253057191</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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