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താളുകൾ"><span>പുതിയ താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ഏതെങ്കിലും ഒരു താൾ തുറക്കൂ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ഏതെങ്കിലും താൾ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> പങ്കാളിത്തം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-startarticle" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="പുതിയ ഒരു ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുവാൻ"><span>ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുക</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിയിലെ സമീപകാലമാറ്റങ്ങൾ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>സമീപകാല മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">തുടക്കം</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ചരിത്രം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ചരിത്രം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ചരിത്രം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ചരിത്രം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഗ്രൂപ്പും_മൂലക_കുടുംബവും" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഗ്രൂപ്പും_മൂലക_കുടുംബവും"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ഗ്രൂപ്പും മൂലക കുടുംബവും</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഗ്രൂപ്പും_മൂലക_കുടുംബവും-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഗ്രൂപ്പും_പീരിയഡും" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഗ്രൂപ്പും_പീരിയഡും"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ഗ്രൂപ്പും പീരിയഡും</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ഗ്രൂപ്പും_പീരിയഡും-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ഗ്രൂപ്പും പീരിയഡും subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ഗ്രൂപ്പും_പീരിയഡും-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ഗ്രൂപ്പ്_സവിശേഷതകൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഗ്രൂപ്പ്_സവിശേഷതകൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>ഗ്രൂപ്പ് സവിശേഷതകൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഗ്രൂപ്പ്_സവിശേഷതകൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-പീരിയഡ്_സവിശേ‍ഷതകൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#പീരിയഡ്_സവിശേ‍ഷതകൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>പീരിയഡ് സവിശേ‍ഷതകൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-പീരിയഡ്_സവിശേ‍ഷതകൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-മെൻഡലീവും_ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയും" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#മെൻഡലീവും_ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയും"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>മെൻഡലീവും ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയും</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-മെൻഡലീവും_ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയും-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 202 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система – അബ്‌ഖാസിയൻ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="അബ്‌ഖാസിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel – ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periodieke tabel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD_%E1%88%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%A5" title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ – അംഹാരിക്" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="അംഹാരിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_periodica_d%27os_elementos" title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos – അരഗോണീസ്" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="അരഗോണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – ആൻഗിക" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ആൻഗിക" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الجدول الدوري – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدول الدوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="طابلو دوري – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طابلو دوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جدول دورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدول دورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা – ആസ്സാമീസ്" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ആസ്സാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabla periódica – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – അവാധി" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="അവാധി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_elementl%C9%99rin_d%C3%B6vri_sistemi" title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы – ബഷ്ഖിർ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ബഷ്ഖിർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Tabél périodik – ബാലിനീസ്" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tabél périodik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ബാലിനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodnsystem" title="Periodnsystem – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Periodnsystem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendeliej%C4%97va_kem%C4%97niu_elementu_lental%C4%97" title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodikong_tableta" title="Peryodikong tableta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peryodikong tableta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Периодична система – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Периодична система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB_%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF" title="পর্যায় সারণি – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় সারণি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག། – ടിബറ്റൻ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ടിബറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="পর্যায় সারণী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পর্যায় সারণী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolenn_beriodek_an_elfenno%C3%B9" title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù – ബ്രെട്ടൺ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ബ്രെട്ടൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – ബോസ്നിയൻ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ബോസ്നിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үелхэ системэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үелхэ системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Taula periòdica – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3_ci%C5%AD-g%C4%AD-bi%C4%93u" title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система – ചെചൻ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ചെചൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaang_peryodiko" title="Talaang peryodiko – സെബുവാനോ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Talaang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="സെബുവാനോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خشتەی خولی – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خشتەی خولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica" title="Tavola periodica – കോർസിക്കൻ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="കോർസിക്കൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka" title="Periodická tabulka – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Periodická tabulka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ – ചുവാഷ്" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ചുവാഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabl_cyfnodol" title="Tabl cyfnodol – വെൽഷ്" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="വെൽഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periodiske system" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloyo_periyodik" title="Tabloyo periyodik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tabloyo periyodik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AA" title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު – ദിവെഹി" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ദിവെഹി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_tabelo" title="Perioda tabelo – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" title="Tabla periódica de los elementos – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabla periódica de los elementos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa" title="Taula periodikoa – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabra_peri%C3%BAdica_e_los_elementus" title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جدول تناوبی – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelejevi_tap%C3%B5l" title="Mendelejevi tapõl – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mendelejevi tapõl" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skei%C3%B0bundna_skipanin" title="Skeiðbundna skipanin – ഫാറോസ്" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skeiðbundna skipanin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ഫാറോസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tableau périodique des éléments" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioodisch_tab%C3%A4le" title="Perioodisch tabäle – നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perioodisch tabäle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabele_periodiche" title="Tabele periodiche – ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tabele periodiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodyk_systeem_fan_de_eleminten" title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten – പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1bla_peiriadach" title="Tábla peiriadach – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tábla peiriadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_p%C3%A9ryodik_di_s%C3%A9_%C3%A9l%C3%A9man" title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A0r_pillteach" title="Clàr pillteach – സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clàr pillteach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica_dos_elementos" title="Táboa periódica dos elementos – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Táboa periódica dos elementos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%E1%BB%B9i_k%C3%ADmiko_rechaukaha" title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha – ഗ്വരനി" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ഗ്വരനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95" title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક – ഗുജറാത്തി" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ഗുജറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taabyl_reiltagh_ny_bunstooghyn" title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn – മാൻസ്" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="മാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-su_ch%C3%BB-kh%C3%AC-p%C3%A9u" title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu – ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הטבלה המחזורית – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטבלה המחזורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sustav_elemenata" title="Periodni sustav elemenata – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Periodni sustav elemenata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_klasifikasyon_peryodik_eleman" title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman – ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_elemek_peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszere" title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabella_periodic_del_elementos" title="Tabella periodic del elementos – ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tabella periodic del elementos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelle_periodic" title="Tabelle periodic – ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വേ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tabelle periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വേ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiko_a_lamisaan_dagiti_elemento" title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento – ഇലോകോ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ഇലോകോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химе элементий мура система – ഇങ്കുഷ്" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Химе элементий мура система" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ഇങ്കുഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala_tabelo" title="Periodala tabelo – ഇഡോ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Periodala tabelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ഇഡോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotukerfi%C3%B0" title="Lotukerfið – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lotukerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tavola periodica degli elementi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="周期表 – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="周期表" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiriadik_tiebl" title="Piiriadik tiebl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiriadik tiebl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dikni_selratni_cartu" title="dikni selratni cartu – ലോജ്ബാൻ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dikni selratni cartu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ലോജ്ബാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_unsur_miturut_lambang" title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang – ജാവനീസ്" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ജാവനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelwit_tawalant" title="Tafelwit tawalant – കബൈൽ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafelwit tawalant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="കബൈൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metha_Njokereri" title="Metha Njokereri – കികൂയു" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Metha Njokereri" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="കികൂയു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі – കസാഖ്" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="കസാഖ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី – ഖമെർ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ഖമെർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ – കന്നഡ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="കന്നഡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C" title="주기율표 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기율표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас – കോമി-പെർമ്യാക്ക്" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="കോമി-പെർമ്യാക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_vedor%C3%AE_ya_elementan" title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan – കുർദ്ദിഷ്" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="കുർദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система – കോമി" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="കോമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vosen_Beriodek" title="An Vosen Beriodek – കോർണിഷ്" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Vosen Beriodek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="കോർണിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы – കിർഗിസ്" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="കിർഗിസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_periodicum" title="Systema periodicum – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema periodicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystem_vun_den_Elementer" title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer – ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система – ലസ്ഗിയൻ" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ലസ്ഗിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem_vaan_eleminte" title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte – ലിംബർഗിഷ്" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ലിംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodica_di_elemenc" title="Tabela periodica di elemenc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tabela periodica di elemenc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – ലൊംബാർഡ്" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ലൊംബാർഡ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A1nda_ya_bileko" title="Etánda ya bileko – ലിംഗാല" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etánda ya bileko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ലിംഗാല" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ – ലാവോ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ലാവോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97_element%C5%B3_lentel%C4%97" title="Periodinė elementų lentelė – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Periodinė elementų lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabilaon%27ny_singa" title="Tabilaon'ny singa – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tabilaon'ny singa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu" title="Ripanga pūmotu – മവോറി" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ripanga pūmotu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="മവോറി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – മിനാങ്കബൗ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="മിനാങ്കബൗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периоден систем на елементите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үелэх систем – മംഗോളിയൻ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="മംഗോളിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C" title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavla_perjodika" title="Tavla perjodika – മാൾട്ടീസ്" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tavla perjodika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="മാൾട്ടീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – മിരാൻറസേ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="മിരാൻറസേ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%87%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား – ബർമീസ്" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ബർമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C4%93uhc%C4%81y%C5%8Dtl_nemachiy%C5%8Dt%C4%ABlp%C4%81ntli" title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – ലോ ജർമൻ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ലോ ജർമൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – നേപ്പാളി" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="നേപ്പാളി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="तत्त्वमां – നേവാരി" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तत्त्वमां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="നേവാരി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periodiek systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത പട്ടികകൾ"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabatee_Wahiyyoolee" title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee – ഒറോമോ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ഒറോമോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ – ഒഡിയ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ഒഡിയ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Элементты периодон системæ – ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Элементты периодон системæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ – പഞ്ചാബി" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="പഞ്ചാബി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablang_periodiku_da_ring_elementu" title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu – പാംപൻഗ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="പാംപൻഗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A8l_peri%C3%B3diko" title="Tabèl periódiko – പാപിയാമെന്റൊ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tabèl periódiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="പാപിയാമെന്റൊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Tableau périodique – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàula periòdica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tàula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%88%DA%A9_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول – പഷ്‌തോ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="പഷ്‌തോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallawap_%C3%B1iqi_rakirinkuna" title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna – ക്വെച്ചുവ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ക്വെച്ചുവ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodic%C3%A3-a_elements%C3%A3lor" title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor – ആരോമാനിയൻ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ആരോമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavele_Periodiche" title="Tavele Periodiche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tavele Periodiche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Периодическая система химических элементов – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Периодическая система химических элементов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодічна сістема елементів – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Періодічна сістема елементів" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्तसारणी – സംസ്‌കൃതം" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आवर्तसारणी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="സംസ്‌കൃതം" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Периодтаах таабыл – സാഖ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Периодтаах таабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="സാഖ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica_de_is_elementos" title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos – സർഡിനിയാൻ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="സർഡിനിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0vula_piri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàvula piriòdica – സിസിലിയൻ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàvula piriòdica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="സിസിലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_cairt" title="Periodic cairt – സ്കോട്സ്" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Periodic cairt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوري جدول – സിന്ധി" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دوري جدول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="സിന്ധി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala%C5%A1_tabealla" title="Periodalaš tabealla – വടക്കൻ സമി" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Periodalaš tabealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="വടക്കൻ സമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taflwit_tazdawant_n_ifr%E1%B8%8Disn" title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn – താച്ചലിറ്റ്" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="താച്ചലിറ്റ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව – സിംഹള" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="സിംഹള" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Periodická tabuľka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov" title="Periodni sistem elementov – സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Periodni sistem elementov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h" title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh – ഇനാരി സമി" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ഇനാരി സമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapotera_cheNhangande_Dzakadevana" title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana – ഷോണ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ഷോണ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwalka_Curiyayaasha" title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha – സോമാലി" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="സോമാലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_periodik_i_elementeve" title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve – അൽബേനിയൻ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="അൽബേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Периодни систем – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периодни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiki_sistemi" title="Periodiki sistemi – ശ്രാനൻ ഡോങ്കോ" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Periodiki sistemi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="ശ്രാനൻ ഡോങ്കോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafole_ya_periodiki" title="Tafole ya periodiki – തെക്കൻ സോതോ" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tafole ya periodiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="തെക്കൻ സോതോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_Tabelle" title="Periodiske Tabelle – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Periodiske Tabelle" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Tabél periodik – സുണ്ടാനീസ്" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="സുണ്ടാനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemet" title="Periodiska systemet – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_radidia" title="Mfumo radidia – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo radidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82%C5%8Fd_%C3%B4kresowy_elymynt%C5%8Dw" title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தனிம அட்டவணை – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிம அட்டவணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక – തെലുങ്ക്" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="തെലുങ്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ – താജിക്" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="താജിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตารางธาตุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiki_elementleri%C5%88_periodik_ulgamy" title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy – തുർക്‌മെൻ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="തുർക്‌മെൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talahanayang_peryodiko" title="Talahanayang peryodiko – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talahanayang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebol_bilong_ol_elemen" title="Tebol bilong ol elemen – ടോക് പിസിൻ" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tebol bilong ol elemen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ടോക് പിസിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyodik tablo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы – ടാട്ടർ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ടാട്ടർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы – തുവിനിയൻ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="തുവിനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى – ഉയ്ഘുർ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ഉയ്ഘുർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодична система хімічних елементів – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Періодична система хімічних елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوری جدول – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوری جدول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_elementlar_davriy_sistemasi" title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabe%C5%82a_peri%C3%B2dega" title="Tabeła periòdega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tabeła periòdega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C5%BEiden_elementoiden_periodine_tablut" title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng tuần hoàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_syst%C3%A8me" title="Periodiek système – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periodiek système" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5vlea_periodike_des_elemints" title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints – വല്ലൂൺ" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="വല്ലൂൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taramdan_peryodika" title="Taramdan peryodika – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taramdan peryodika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע – യിദ്ദിഷ്" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="യിദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C3%ACl%C3%AC_%C3%A0y%C3%A8_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADm%E1%BA%B9%CC%80nt%C3%AC" title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì – യൊറൂബാ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="യൊറൂബാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzsoq_Couhgibyauj" title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj – സ്വാംഗ്" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="സ്വാംഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiu-k%C3%AE-pi%C3%A1u" title="Chiu-kî-piáu – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiu-kî-piáu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icansi_lezinhlwa" title="Icansi lezinhlwa – സുലു" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Icansi lezinhlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="സുലു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">ഈ ലേഖനം <b>ഏറെക്കുറേ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:Identifying reliable sources">ഒറ്റ അവലംബത്തിൽ</a></b> അധിഷ്ടിതമായാണ് എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ളത്.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95##" title="സംവാദം:ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക">talk page</a>. ദയവായി മറ്റു സ്രോതസ്സുകളിലേക്കുള്ള <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Citing_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:Citing sources">അവലംബങ്ങൾ</a> ചേർത്ത് <a class="external text" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ</a> ശാസ്ത്രീയമായ വർഗ്ഗീകരണ പട്ടികയാണ് <b>ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</b>.118 മൂലകങ്ങളുടേയും അവയുണ്ടാക്കുന്ന സംയുക്തങ്ങളുടേയും സ്വഭാവത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് പ്രത്യേകം പഠിക്കുക എന്നത് ശ്രമകരമാണ്. ഈ പ്രശ്നം പരിഹരിക്കുന്നതിന് വേണ്ടി മൂലകങ്ങളെ ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞൻമാർ വർഗീകരിച്ചു . മെൻഡലിയേവ് തൻ്റെ ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക ആവിഷ്ക്കരിക്കുന്ന സമയത്ത് രസതന്ത്ര ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞൻമാർക്ക് അണുവിന്റെ ആന്തരിക ഘടനയെക്കുറിച്ച് ഒരു അറിവും ഇല്ലായിരുന്നു . ഹെൻറി മോസ്ലി തൻ്റെ എക്‌സ്റേ (X-ray) ഡിഫ്രാക്ഷൻ പരീക്ഷണങ്ങളിലൂടെ ഉൽസർജിക്കപ്പെട്ട കിരണങ്ങളുടെ ആവൃത്തി അണുസംഖ്യയ്ക്ക് എതിരായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയപ്പോൾ ഒരു നേർരേഖ ലഭിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ അണുഭാരത്തിന് എതിരെ ചിത്രീകരിച്ചപ്പോൾ അങ്ങനെ സംഭവിച്ചുമില്ല . അണുഭാരമല്ല മറിച്ച് അണുസംഖ്യയാണ് ഒരു അണുവിന്റെ പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട അടിസ്ഥാനഗുണമെന്ന് അതുവഴി അദ്ദേഹം കാണിച്ചു തന്നു. അതുകൊണ്ട് മെൻഡലിയേവിന്റെ ആവർത്തനനിയമം ഇതിനനുസരിച്ച് പരിഷ്കരിച്ചു. ഇത് ആധുനിക ആവർത്തനനിയമം എന്ന് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/220px-%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/330px-%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/440px-%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</figcaption></figure> <p>തിരശ്ചീനമായുള്ള വരികളെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="പീരീഡ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)">പീരീഡുകൾ</a> എന്നും ലംബമായുള്ള നിരകളെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="ഗ്രൂപ്പ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)">ഗ്രൂപ്പുകൾ</a> എന്നും വിളിക്കുന്നു. ആറ്റങ്ങളുടെ ബാഹ്യതമഷെല്ലിൽ ഒരേ ഇലക്ട്രോൺ ക്രമീകരണം വരുന്ന മൂലകങ്ങളെ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകൾ അഥവാ കുടുംബങ്ങൾ എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നു.ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയിൽ ആകെ കൂടി ഏഴ് പീരീഡുകളും 18 ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളും ഉണ്ട്. ഇലക്ട്രോൺ പുരണം നടക്കുന്ന ബാഹ്യതമഓർബിറ്റലിൻ്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ മൂലകങ്ങളെ s ബ്ലോക്ക്, p ബ്ലോക്ക്, d ബ്ലോക്ക്, f ബ്ലോക്ക് എന്നിങ്ങനെ നാലായി തരം തിരിക്കാം. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക"><span id=".E0.B4.86.E0.B4.B5.E0.B5.BC.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AA.E0.B4.9F.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.9F.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95"></span>ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="width:70px;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="ഗ്രൂപ്പ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)"><b>ഗ്രൂപ്പ്</b> →</a> </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ"><b>1</b></a> </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരീയമൃത്തികാലോഹങ്ങൾ"><b>2</b></a> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;"> </th> <th style="width:2.5%;">3 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">4 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">5 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">6 </th> <th style="width:2.5%;">7 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">8 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">9 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">10 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">11 </th> <th style="width:3.5%;">12 </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="ബോറോൺ കുടുംബം"><b>13</b></a> </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="കാർബൺ കുടുംബം"><b>14</b></a> </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="നൈട്രജൻ കുടുംബം"><b>15</b></a> </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="ഓക്സിജൻ കുടുംബം"><b>16</b></a> </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹാലൊജനുകൾ"><b>17</b></a> </th> <th style="width:4%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം"><b>18</b></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="പീരീഡ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)"><b>പീരീഡ്</b> ↓</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ഒന്നാം പീരീഡ് മൂലകങ്ങൾ"><b>1</b></a> </th> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0;color:blue;border:1px solid black;">1<br /><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">2<br /><a href="/wiki/Helium" class="mw-redirect" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="#Period_2">2</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#f66;border:1px solid black;">3<br /><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead;border:1px solid black;">4<br /><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" class="mw-redirect" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">5<br /><a href="/wiki/Boron" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:black;border:1px solid black;">6<br /><a href="/wiki/Carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:red;border:1px solid black;">7<br /><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:red;border:1px solid black;">8<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:red;border:1px solid black;">9<br /><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">10<br /><a href="/wiki/Neon" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="#Period_3">3</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#f66;border:1px solid black;">11<br /><a href="/wiki/Sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead;border:1px solid black;">12<br /><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">13<br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">14<br /><a href="/wiki/Silicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon">Silicon</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:black;border:1px solid black;">15<br /><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:black;border:1px solid black;">16<br /><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:red;border:1px solid black;">17<br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">18<br /><a href="/wiki/Argon" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="#Period_4">4</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">19<br /><a href="/wiki/Potassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">20<br /><a href="/wiki/Calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;border:1px solid black;">21<br /><a href="/wiki/Scandium" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">22<br /><a href="/wiki/Titanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">23<br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">24<br /><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">25<br /><a href="/wiki/Manganese" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">26<br /><a href="/wiki/Iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">27<br /><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">28<br /><a href="/wiki/Nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">29<br /><a href="/wiki/Copper" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">30<br /><a href="/wiki/Zinc" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">31<br /><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">32<br /><a href="/wiki/Germanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">33<br /><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:black;border:1px solid black;">34<br /><a href="/wiki/Selenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:blue;border:1px solid black;">35<br /><a href="/wiki/Bromine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">36<br /><a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="#Period_5">5</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">37<br /><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">38<br /><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;border:1px solid black;">39<br /><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">40<br /><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">41<br /><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">42<br /><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">43<br /><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">44<br /><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">45<br /><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">46<br /><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">47<br /><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">48<br /><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">49<br /><a href="/wiki/Indium" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">50<br /><a href="/wiki/Tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">51<br /><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">52<br /><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:black;border:1px solid black;">53<br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">54<br /><a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="#Period_6">6</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">55<br /><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">56<br /><a href="/wiki/Barium" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">57<br /><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">La</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">58<br /><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">59<br /><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">60<br /><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">61<br /><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">62<br /><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">63<br /><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">64<br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">65<br /><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">66<br /><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">67<br /><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">68<br /><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">69<br /><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">70<br /><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">71<br /><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">72<br /><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">73<br /><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">74<br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">75<br /><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">76<br /><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">77<br /><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">78<br /><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">79<br /><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:blue;border:1px solid black;">80<br /><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">81<br /><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">82<br /><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">83<br /><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">84<br /><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">85<br /><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px dashed black;">86<br /><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="#Period_7">7</a> <p><br /> </p> </th> <td style="background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">87<br /><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">88<br /><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">89<br /><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">90<br /><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">91<br /><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">92<br /><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">93<br /><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">94<br /><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">95<br /><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">96<br /><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">97<br /><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">98<br /><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">99<br /><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">100<br /><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">101<br /><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">102<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">103<br /><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">104<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">105<br /><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">106<br /><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">107<br /><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">108<br /><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">109<br /><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">110<br /><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">111<br /><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0;color:blue;border:1px dotted black;">112<br /><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">113<br /><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">114<br /><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">115<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">116<br /><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">117<br /><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px dotted black;">118<br /><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; margin: 1em 0 0 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:20%; background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ">ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ</a></td> <td style="width:20%; background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരീയമൃത്തികാലോഹങ്ങൾ">ക്ഷാരീയമൃത്തികാലോഹങ്ങൾ</a></td> <td style="width:20%; background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ലാന്തനൈഡുകൾ">ലാന്തനൈഡുകൾ</a></td> <td style="width:20%; background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ആക്റ്റിനൈഡുകൾ">ആക്റ്റിനൈഡുകൾ</a></td> <td style="width:20%; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം">സംക്രമണ ലോഹം</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="സംക്രമണാന്തര ലോഹം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">സംക്രമണാന്തര ലോഹം</a></td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ഉപലോഹങ്ങൾ">ഉപലോഹങ്ങൾ</a></td> <td style="background-color:#f0ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="അലോഹം">അലോഹം</a></td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം">ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം</a></td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹൈഡ്രജൻ">ഹൈഡ്രജൻ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="color:red;">ചുവപ്പ്</span> : <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വാതകം">വാതകം</a></li> <li><span style="color:blue;">നീല</span> : <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ദ്രാവകം">ദ്രാവകം</a></li> <li><span style="color:black;">കറുപ്പ്</span> : <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഖരം">ഖരം</a></li></ul> <ul><li><div style="border:solid 1px black;padding:1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പ്രഥമാസ്തിത്വ മൂലകങ്ങൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പ്രഥമാസ്തിത്വ മൂലകങ്ങൾ</a></div></li> <li><div style="border:dashed 1px black;padding:1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="അണുപ്രസരണ മൂലകങ്ങൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അണുപ്രസരണ മൂലകങ്ങൾ</a></div></li> <li><div style="border:dotted 1px black;padding:1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="മനുഷ്യനിർമ്മിത മൂലകങ്ങൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">മനുഷ്യനിർമ്മിത മൂലകങ്ങൾ</a></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ചരിത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.9A.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>ചരിത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ചരിത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ഗ്രീക്ക്">ഗ്രീക്ക്</a> തത്ത്വ ചിന്തകരാണ്‌ നാല് അടിസ്ഥാന <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങൾ</a> (Classical element) എന്ന ആശയം ആവിഷ്കരിച്ചത്. ഇത് ഭാരതീയ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പഞ്ചഭൂതം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പഞ്ചഭൂത സിദ്ധാന്തവുമായി</a> സമരസപ്പെടുന്ന ഒന്നായിരുന്നു. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="അഗ്നി">അഗ്നി</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="വായു">വായു</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ജലം">ജലം</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ഭൂമി">ഭൂമി</a> എന്നിവയുടെ വ്യത്യസ്ത സമ്മിശ്രണമാണ്‌ പദാർത്ഥമെന്നവർ വിശ്വസിച്ചു. പക്ഷേ യഥാർത്ഥ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ</a> ക‌ണ്ടെത്തലോടെ ഇതു നിരാകരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ലവൊസയർ (1770-89)-ൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഹം">ലോഹങ്ങളെന്നും</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="അലോഹം">അലോഹങ്ങളെന്നും</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വാതകം">വാതകങ്ങളെന്നും</a>, ഭൗമമെന്നും വ്യത്യസ്ത വിഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ, ‌33 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ</a> പട്ടിക നിർമ്മിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ അദ്ദേഹം തരം തിരിച്ച പട്ടികയിലെ പല മൂലകങ്ങളും പിൽക്കാലത്ത് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സംയുക്തം">സം‌യുക്‌ത‌ങ്ങളാണെന്നു</a> തെളിയിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1828-ൽ‌ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോൺസ് ജേക്കബ് ബെർസിലിയസ്">ജോൺസ് ജേക്കബ് ബെർസിലിയസ്</a> (Jöns Jakob Berzelius) കണങ്ങളുടെ ഭാരത്തിനനുസൃതമായി പട്ടിക (table of atomic weights) തയ്യാറാക്കി മൂലകങ്ങൾക്ക് പ്രതീകങ്ങളും അദ്ദേഹം ഉപയോഗിച്ചു. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ജൊഹൻ ഡൊബറൈനർ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ജൊഹൻ ഡൊബറൈനർ</a> (Johann Döbereiner) <sub>1829</sub>ൽ‌ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ത്രിക സിദ്ധാന്തം">ത്രിക സിദ്ധാന്തം</a>‌ പ്രയോഗത്തിൽ വരുത്തി പട്ടിക പരിഷ്കരിച്ചു. സമാന സ്വഭാവമുള്ള മൂലകങ്ങൾ ത്രയങ്ങൾ (Triads) എന്നദ്ദേഹം പേരിടുകയും ആദ്യമായി ഗ്രൂപ്പ് എന്ന നൂതനാശയത്തിനു വഴി തുറക്കുകയും ചെയ്‌തു. ജൊഹൻ ന്യുലാൻ‌സ്‌ (John Newlands )<sub>1864</sub>ൽ‌ അഷ്ടക സിദ്ധാന്തം‌ പ്രയോഗത്തിൽ വരുത്തി പട്ടിക വീണ്ടും പരിഷ്കരിച്ചു. പിരിയൊഡിസിറ്റി എന്ന ആശയത്തിനു പിൻബലം ലഭിയ്ക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="മെൻഡലീവ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">മെൻഡലീവ്</a> and മേയർ -1869 എന്നിവരാണ് (Meyer & Mendeleev) ആധുനിക ആവർത്തന പട്ടികയുടെ പ്രയോക്താക്കൾ. 1869-ൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="റഷ്യ">റഷ്യൻ</a> രസതന്ത്രജ്ഞനായ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ദിമിത്രി മെൻഡലീവ്">ദിമിത്രി മെൻഡലീവ്</a> ആണ് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളെ</a> ഈ വിധത്തിൽ ശാസ്ത്രീയമായി വർഗ്ഗീകരിച്ചത്. ഒരേ തരത്തിലുള്ള ഗുണങ്ങളുള്ള <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളെ</a> ഒരേനിരയിൽ വരുന്ന രീതിയിലാണ് മെൻഡെലീവ് ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക വിഭാവനം ചെയ്തത്. പുതിയ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ</a> കണ്ടെത്തൽ, പട്ടികയുടെ രൂപത്തിൽ കാലാനുസൃത മാറ്റങ്ങൾ വരുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="മൂലകം">മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ</a> വിവിധ സ്വഭാവങ്ങളെ വിശദീകരിക്കുന്ന വിവിധതരം ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികകൾ നിലവിലുണ്ടെങ്കിലും മെൻഡലീവിന്റെ ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയുടെ വകഭേദങ്ങൾ തന്നെയാണ് ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഉപയോഗത്തിലുള്ള രൂപം. <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">ഇന്റർ നാഷ്ണൽ യൂണിയൻ ഓഫ് പ്യുവർ ആൻഡ് അപ്ലയ്ഡ് കെമിസ്ട്രി</a> (<a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>) 2015 ഡിസംബറിൽ ആദ്യത്തെ 118 മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ നിർമ്മാണം ആധികാരികമായി സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഗ്രൂപ്പും_മൂലക_കുടുംബവും"><span id=".E0.B4.97.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B5.82.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.AE.E0.B5.82.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.95_.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.9F.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.B5.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82"></span>ഗ്രൂപ്പും മൂലക കുടുംബവും</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഗ്രൂപ്പും മൂലക കുടുംബവും"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>ഗ്രൂപ്പ് നമ്പർ </th> <th>മൂലക കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ പേര് </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ">ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരീയമൃത്തികാലോഹങ്ങൾ">ക്ഷാരീയമൃത്തികാലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3-12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം">സംക്രമണലോഹങ്ങൾ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="ബോറോൺ കുടുംബം">ബോറോൺ കുടുംബം</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="കാർബൺ കുടുംബം">കാർബൺ കുടുംബം</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="നൈട്രജൻ കുടുംബം">നൈട്രജൻ കുടുംബം</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="ഓക്സിജൻ കുടുംബം">ഓക്സിജൻ കുടുംബം</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹാലൊജനുകൾ">ഹാലൊജനുകൾ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം">ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഗ്രൂപ്പും_പീരിയഡും"><span id=".E0.B4.97.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B5.82.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.80.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.A1.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82"></span>ഗ്രൂപ്പും പീരിയഡും</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഗ്രൂപ്പും പീരിയഡും"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1913 ൽ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനായ ഹെൻറി മോസ്‍ലി തയ്യാറാക്കിയ ആധുനിക പീരിയോഡിക് ടേബിൾ അറ്റോമിക നമ്പറിനെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി തയ്യാറാക്കിയിരിക്കുന്നു. 18 ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളും 7 പീരിയഡുകളുമാണ് ആധുനിക ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയിലുള്ളത്. ‌<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ഗ്രൂപ്പ്_സവിശേഷതകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.97.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B5.82.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D_.E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.B6.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.B7.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>ഗ്രൂപ്പ് സവിശേഷതകൾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=5" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഗ്രൂപ്പ് സവിശേഷതകൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ഒരു ഗ്രൂപ്പിൽ മുകളിൽ നിന്ന താഴേയ്ക്ക് വരുമ്പോൾ മൂലക ആറ്റങ്ങളുടെ വലിപ്പം വർധിക്കുന്നു. അയോണീകരണ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%8A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%82" title="ഊർജ്ജം">ഊർജ്ജം</a> കുറയുന്നതിനാൽ പോസിറ്റീവ് അയോണുകൾ രൂപപ്പെടാനുള്ള സാധ്യതകൾ കൂടുന്നു. ലോഹസ്വഭാവം കൂടിവരികയും ഇലക്ട്രോനെഗറ്റിവറ്റി കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="പീരിയഡ്_സവിശേ‍ഷതകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.80.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.A1.E0.B5.8D_.E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.B6.E0.B5.87.E2.80.8D.E0.B4.B7.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പീരിയഡ് സവിശേ‍ഷതകൾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=6" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: 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id=".E0.B4.AE.E0.B5.86.E0.B5.BB.E0.B4.A1.E0.B4.B2.E0.B5.80.E0.B4.B5.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.86.E0.B4.B5.E0.B5.BC.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AA.E0.B4.9F.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.9F.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.AF.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82"></span>മെൻഡലീവും ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയും</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=7" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: മെൻഡലീവും ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയും"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/220px-%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/330px-%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/440px-%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക മലയാളത്തിൽ</figcaption></figure><p> 1869-ലാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പീരിയോഡിക്ക് ടേബിളിന്റെ ജനനം.മെൻഡലീവ് 'പ്രിൻസിപ്പൾസ് [principles] ഓഫ് കെമിസ്‍‍ട്രി'എന്നൊരു പുസ്തകം തയ്യാറാക്കുന്നതിനിടയായിരുന്നു അത്.ഓരോ മൂലകത്തിന്റെയും പേരും പ്രതീകവും പ്രത്യേകതകളും ഒരു കാർഡിൽ അദ്ദേഹം എഴുതിയിട്ടു.പല രീതിയിൽ ഈ കാർഡുകൾ മാറ്റിവച്ച് പരീക്ഷിച്ചപ്പോൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഒരു കാര്യം മനസ്സിലായി.ആറ്റമിക ഭാരത്തിന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ ക്രമീകരിക്കുമ്പോൾ ചില കൃത്യമായ ഇടവേളകളിൽ ഒരേ സ്വഭാവമുള്ള മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ ആവർത്തനം(Periodicity)വരുന്നു.ഏറെ ആലോചനകൾക്കൊടുവിൽ ഇങ്ങനെ വന്ന മൂലകങ്ങളെ താഴേക്കു ക്രമീകരിച്ച് അദ്ദേഹം ഒരു പട്ടികയുണ്ടാക്കി.അങ്ങനെ ഇന്നു കാണുന്ന പീരിയോഡിക്ക് ടേബിൾ പിറന്നു.ആ ക്രമീകരണത്തിനു പിന്നിലെ നിയമത്തെ പീരിയോഡിക് നിയമം (Periodic Law)എന്നാണ് അദ്ദേഹം വിളിച്ചത്.മെന്റഡലീവ് മൂലകങ്ങളെ ക്രമീകരിച്ചപ്പോൾ ഒരേ സ്വഭാവമുള്ള മൂലകങ്ങൾ ഒരു വരിയിൽ ആവർത്തിച്ചു വന്നു.അപ്പോൾ അദ്ദേഹം അവയെ താഴേക്ക് ഒരു കൂട്ടമായി നിർത്തി. ഇങ്ങനെ നിർത്തിയപ്പോൾ ചില മൂലകങ്ങൾ അവയുടെ കൂട്ടത്തിൽ വരുന്നവയുമായി സാമ്യം കാണിക്കാതെ വന്നു.അപ്പോൾ അവയെ സമാനസ്വഭാവമുള്ള ഗ്രൂപ്പിലേക്ക് മാറ്റി.അക്കാര്യത്തിൽ ആറ്റമിക ഭാരത്തിന്റെ ക്രമം നഷ്ടമാകുന്നത് അദ്ദേഹം കണക്കിലെടുത്തില്ല.ഇത്തരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം സ്ഥാനം മാറ്റിക്കൊടുത്ത രണ്ട് മൂലകങ്ങളായിരുന്നു ടെലൂറിയവും അയഡിനും.</p><div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="3" style="width:80%;border:solid #999 1px;background:#F8F8F8;margin:0.5em auto;clear:both"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:10%;text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png/75px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png/100px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png 2x" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95&action=edit&section=8" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="അടിസ്ഥാന ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക">അടിസ്ഥാന ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക</a> </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFഇയർബുക്ക്2018" class="citation book cs1">ഇയർബുക്ക്, മാതൃഭൂമി (2018). <i>മാതൃഭൂമി ഇയർബുക്ക് 2019</i>. കോഴിക്കോട്: മാതൃഭൂമി എം എം പ്രസ്. pp. 716–717.</cite><span 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