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<span>Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storbritannien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storbritannien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Storbritannien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storbritannien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diskussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diskussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diskussion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diskussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aristokrati</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 85 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrasie" title="Aristokrasie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aristokrasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratie" title="Aristokratie – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aristokratie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أرستقراطية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرستقراطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aristocracia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aristocracia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratiya" title="Aristokratiya – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aristokratiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آریستوکراسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آریستوکراسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="অভিজাততন্ত্র – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভিজাততন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Арыстакратыя – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арыстакратыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Арыстакратыя – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арыстакратыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Аристокрация (форма на управление) – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аристокрация (форма на управление)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratija" title="Aristokratija – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aristokratija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Аристократи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Аристократи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocr%C3%A0cia" title="Aristocràcia – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aristocràcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokracie" title="Aristokracie – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aristokracie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocratiaeth" title="Aristocratiaeth – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aristocratiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aristokrati" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratie" title="Aristokratie – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aristokratie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokraatia" title="Aristokraatia – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aristokraatia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αριστοκρατία – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριστοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aristocracy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aristocracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratio" title="Aristokratio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aristokratio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrazia" title="Aristokrazia – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aristokrazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آریستوکراسی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آریستوکراسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocratie" title="Aristocratie – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aristocratie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrasy" title="Aristokrasy – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aristokrasy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uaslathas" title="Uaslathas – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uaslathas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aristocracia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EC%A1%B1%EC%A0%95" title="귀족정 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귀족정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Արիստոկրատիա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արիստոկրատիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अभिजाततंत्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभिजाततंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokracija" title="Aristokracija – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aristokracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratismo" title="Aristokratismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aristokratismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrasi" title="Aristokrasi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aristokrasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B0alsveldi" title="Aðalsveldi – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aðalsveldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocrazia" title="Aristocrazia – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aristocrazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="אריסטוקרטיה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריסטוקרטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аристократия – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Аристократия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არისტოკრატია – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არისტოკრატია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аристократия – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аристократия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%AEstokras%C3%AE" title="Arîstokrasî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Arîstokrasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аристократия – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аристократия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocratia" title="Aristocratia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aristocratia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokr%C4%81tija" title="Aristokrātija – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aristokrātija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratija" title="Aristokratija – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aristokratija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisztokr%C3%A1cia" title="Arisztokrácia – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arisztokrácia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аристократија – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аристократија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arist%C3%B4krasia" title="Aristôkrasia – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aristôkrasia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="അഭിജാതാധിപത്യം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഭിജാതാധിപത്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არისტოკრატია – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არისტოკრატია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اريستقراطيه – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اريستقراطيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrasi" title="Aristokrasi – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aristokrasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocratie" title="Aristocratie – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aristocratie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अभिजाततन्त्र – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अभिजाततन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F%E5%88%B6" title="貴族制 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="貴族制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Аристократи – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аристократи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aristokrati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aristokrati" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aristocracia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratiya" title="Aristokratiya – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aristokratiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਕੁਲੀਨਰਾਜ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਲੀਨਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="ارستوکراسي – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ارستوکراسي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arystokracja" title="Arystokracja – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arystokracja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aristocracia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocra%C8%9Bie" title="Aristocrație – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aristocrație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аристократия – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аристократия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokracia" title="Aristokracia – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aristokracia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristucrazz%C3%ACa" title="Aristucrazzìa – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aristucrazzìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aristocracy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokracija" title="Aristokracija – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aristokracija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئەرستۆکراسی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەرستۆکراسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аристократија – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аристократија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokracija" title="Aristokracija – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aristokracija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrasi" title="Aristokrasi – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aristokrasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokratia" title="Aristokratia – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aristokratia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrasya" title="Aristokrasya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aristokrasya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2" title="อภิชนาธิปไตย – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อภิชนาธิปไตย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аристократия – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аристократия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristokrasi" title="Aristokrasi – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aristokrasi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аристократія – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аристократія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BF_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_qu%C3%BD_t%E1%BB%99c" title="Chế độ quý tộc – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chế độ quý tộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="贵族政治 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贵族政治" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F%E5%88%B6" title="貴族制 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貴族制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="贵族政治 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贵族政治" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123432#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver fler eller bättre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <br />Motivering: <i>Det mesta saknar källor, och den enda källa som anges är en 70 år gammal uppslagsbok</i> <small>(2023-05)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Aristokrati" title="Diskussion:Aristokrati">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Aristokrati</b> (av <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> ἀριστοκρατία <i>aristokratía</i>, "de bästas välde"; från ἄριστος <i>aristos</i>, «ypperlig», och κράτος, <i>kratos</i>, «makt») betyder <a href="/wiki/Statsskick" title="Statsskick">styre</a> av en privilegierad <a href="/wiki/Elit" title="Elit">elit</a>, vanligen baserad på <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rd" title="Börd">börd</a> och ofta identifierat med <a href="/wiki/Adeln_i_Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Adeln i Europa">adel</a>. </p><p>Som <a href="/wiki/Statsr%C3%A4tt" title="Statsrätt">statsrättslig</a> term betecknar ordet <i>aristokrati</i> den <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republikanska</a> statsform, där <a href="/wiki/Makt" title="Makt">makten</a> tillhör en begränsad, genom mer eller mindre tillfälliga omständigheter utmärkt <a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4llsklass" title="Samhällsklass">samhällsklass</a>. Statsformen kallas <a href="/wiki/Oligarki" title="Oligarki">oligarki</a>, när makten ägs av ett fåtal <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A4kt" title="Släkt">släkter</a>, och <a href="/wiki/Plutokrati" title="Plutokrati">plutokrati</a> eller <i>timokrati</i>, när den tillhör de <a href="/wiki/Rik" class="mw-redirect" title="Rik">rika</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> förklarade att <a href="/wiki/Dygd" title="Dygd">dygden</a> är aristokratins väsen, medan <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> gjorde denna egenskap till <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">demokratins</a> <a href="/wiki/Princip" title="Princip">princip</a>. Ofta nog, i synnerhet i det gamla <a href="/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland">Grekland</a> och <a href="/wiki/Rom" title="Rom">Rom</a>, har statsutvecklingen gått från <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">monarki</a> genom aristokrati till <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">demokrati</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historik">Historik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">Medeltidens</a> <a href="/wiki/Feodal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodal">feodala</a> aristokrati var dels en jordadel, dels en ämbetsmannaadel. Ursprungligen personlig och beroende på <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4n" class="mw-redirect" title="Suverän">suveränernas</a> val, blev den så småningom ärftlig och regerande i sina <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rl%C3%A4ning" title="Förläning">län</a>. Detta medförde i <a href="/wiki/Tysk-romerska_riket" title="Tysk-romerska riket">Tysk-romerska riket</a> att landets enhet till slut gick under. <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartas</a> "gerusia" (rådsvälde) var en åldersaristokrati, vars makt vilade på mognad, erfarenhet och <a href="/wiki/Visdom" title="Visdom">visdom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a> och <a href="/wiki/Karthago" title="Karthago">Karthago</a> ansågs jämte Sparta för aristokratiska mönsterstater. I <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a> grundades eupatridernas aristokrati på bördens företräden, liksom de romerska <a href="/wiki/Patricier" title="Patricier">patriciernas</a> och de <a href="/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien">skandinaviska</a> storböndernas eller odalmännens. Den <a href="/wiki/Romerska_republiken" title="Romerska republiken">romerska republiken</a> kom senare i händerna på en ämbetsmannaaristokrati (lat. <i>nobiles</i>), vilken ursprungligen tillkom genom folkets val och blandade sig med rikedomens, såväl jordadelns som penningadelns, män. </p><p>Flera av <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italiens</a> och <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a> republiker har haft berömda aristokratiska <a href="/wiki/Grundlag" title="Grundlag">författningar</a>. En bland de märkvärdigaste, som någonsin funnits, var den forna <a href="/wiki/Republiken_Venedig" title="Republiken Venedig">venetianska</a> fristatens. Intill vår tid har endast <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">Englands</a> aristokrati lyckats bevara en del av sin makt. Den har med hänsyn till tidernas förändring också förändrat sig själv, och alltid behållit sambandet med hela folket. I allmänhet har medeltidens aristokratier mer och mer förlorat i betydelse eller gått under. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sverige">Sverige</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sverige har aldrig haft en aristokratisk statsform, men även här har aristokratin långa tider varit mäktigare än både folket och kungen. Aristokratins blomstring i Sverige liksom i <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> börjar under <a href="/wiki/1200-talet" title="1200-talet">1200-</a> och <a href="/wiki/1300-talet" title="1300-talet">1300-talen</a> och sträcker sig till fram på <a href="/wiki/1600-talet" title="1600-talet">1600-talet</a>, då genom statsvälvningarna i Danmark 1660 och i kungamaktens enväldigande i Sverige 1680. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Storbritannien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Storbritannien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Storbritannien är idag ett av få länder i den demokratiska världen där aristokratin har behållit en del av sin makt, både den formella och reella makten. Den engelska och senare den brittiska konstitutionen byggde tidigt på en maktdelning mellan samhällets makthavare. Redan i och med <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> på 1200-talet gavs adeln ett starkt inflytande över statsstyrelsen och monarkens makt kringskars kraftigt. Folkets representanter i form av två kammare i parlamentet, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> och <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a> gjorde att statsmakten tidigt spreds på ett bredare maktspektrum. </p><p>När <a href="/wiki/Industrialisering" title="Industrialisering">industrialismen</a> och senare <a href="/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism">kolonialismen</a> kom till Storbritannien på 1700-talet tog Storbritannien en annan väg jämfört med andra länder. <a href="/wiki/Adel" title="Adel">Adeln</a> och inte bara <a href="/wiki/Borgare" title="Borgare">borgarna</a> blev viktiga arbetsgivare för folket och de rikedomar som skapades genom ett effektivare jordbruk och industri föll till stor del i den gamla aristokratins händer. Storbritanniens starka ekonomiska utveckling under 1800-talet gjorde även att befolkningen som helhet kunde få ökad levnadsstandard, vilket minskade motsättningarna mellan aristokratin och folket. Framgångsrika personer införlivades också ofta i aristokratin genom att adlas. </p><p>Trots en demokratisk utveckling har aristokratin i Storbritannien lyckats behålla en del av sin särställning. Adeln har fortfarande ett reellt inflytande genom sin representation i överhuset, även om detta inflytande minskat kraftigt under 1900-talet. Ända in på 1950-talet var aristokratin institutionaliserad på så sätt att den utgjordes av en bestämd skara personer, vilka gavs inträde genom att göra debut inför Monarken på den årliga <a href="/wiki/Debutant" title="Debutant">debutantbalen</a>. Drottning <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> avskaffade denna tradition vilket gjort att gränserna för vem som räknas till aristokratin idag är mer flytande.<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2013-10)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diskussion">Diskussion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Diskussion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Diskussion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Då aristokrati rent språkligt betyder de bästas herravälde, ligger det nära till hands att däri se den bästa av statsformer. Frågan är emellertid, efter vilka principer urvalet skall göras. I den utopiska stat som Platon tecknade i sin dialog <i>”Staten”,</i> har han tänkt sig en regering av de visaste, vilken framgår av en sovring av människomaterialet.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I verkligheten har, om också på olika sätt, bördsprincipen fått bli avgörande för vilka som skulle ha högsta makten. Den har betraktats som vissa släkters privilegium. Men då bördsprincipen också ligger till grund för <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">monarkien</a>, har dessa båda statsformer i inte ringa utsträckning attraherat varandra. Detta såg också Montesquieu, då han lade fram parollen: ingen monarki utan adel. Den var enligt hans mening den viktigaste av de mellan makter, <i>corps intermediaires</i>, som skilde monarkin från <a href="/wiki/Despoti" class="mw-redirect" title="Despoti">despotin</a>. I den franska monarkin, vari Montesquieu själv levde, hade adeln dock ingen annan uppgift än att vara monarkens sociala infattning.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I andra monarkier har den åter effektivt modererat det kungliga enväldet. Härvid har den kunnat gå så långt, att den reducerat <a href="/wiki/Dynasti" title="Dynasti">dynastins</a> uppgifter till rent representativa och förbehållit andra familjer maktens realitet. Prototypen för denna statsform är <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, som, trots att det hade en vald konung som sin överhet, i både egna lagar och folkrättsliga urkunder benämndes republik.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Även i Sverige visade adeln ofta tendenser till att förverkliga den aristokratiska statsformen under monarkisk etikett, så exempelvis genom <a href="/wiki/1634_%C3%A5rs_regeringsform" title="1634 års regeringsform">1634 års regeringsform</a>, som inom hovkretsar direkt sades förvandla monarkin till en aristokrati och reducera konungens roll till den, som <a href="/wiki/Doge" title="Doge">dogen</a> spelade i Venedig. Att det inte gick därhän, berodde på att det fanns andra mera <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">demokratiska</a> element i staten, som adeln inte kunde eller inte ville undertrycka. Den fick nöja sig med att bli ett aristokratiskt element i en blandad statsform. Som sådan har adeln genom sin kamp för <a href="/wiki/Konstitutionalism" title="Konstitutionalism">konstitutionalism</a> eller rent av <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarism" title="Parlamentarism">parlamentarism</a> i både Sverige och England spelat demokratin i händerna.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Även om börden varit konstitutiv för aristokratin har dock andra faktorer måst komma till, för att börden skulle respekteras. Sådana har varit krigiska färdigheter, godsinnehav och ämbetsmyndighet. För den borgerliga aristokratin, som haft så mycket att betyda för <a href="/wiki/Stadsrepublik" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadsrepublik">stadsrepublikerna</a>, har den rörliga förmögenheten, investerad i stora affärsföretag, faktiskt varit avgörande. Sedan börden i och med <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ndssamh%C3%A4llet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ståndssamhället">ståndssamhällets</a> upplösning upphört att vara utslagsgivande faktor vid maktens fördelning, har man på rättslig väg krävt ekonomiska garantier för åtnjutande av politiska rättigheter.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Timokrati" title="Timokrati">Timokrati</a> är benämningen för en sådan form av aristokratin. Redan Platon har dömt ut den som en irrationell metod för att avgöra, var den politiska kompetensen är att finna, och i våra dagar har den över lag avskaffats genom införande av <a href="/wiki/Allm%C3%A4n_r%C3%B6str%C3%A4tt" title="Allmän rösträtt">allmän rösträtt</a>. Inte enbart som renodlad statsform utan också i kombination med monarki och demokrati, endera eller båda, har aristokratin gått till historien.<sup id="cite_ref-A_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-A-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-A_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_1-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_1-5"><small>f</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Svensk_Uppslagsbok" class="mw-redirect" title="Svensk Uppslagsbok">Svensk Uppslagsbok</a>’’, Band 2, 1947–1955. (spalt 249)</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrati&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div style="display: inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 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style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background: #27408b; color: white;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Konservatism" title="Mall:Konservatism"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Konservatism&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism"><span style="color: white">Konservatism</span></a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Riktningar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Internationella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Frihetlig_konservatism" title="Frihetlig konservatism">Frihetlig</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6n_konservatism" title="Grön konservatism">Grön</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kulturkonservatism" title="Kulturkonservatism">Kultur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberalkonservatism" title="Liberalkonservatism">Liberal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medk%C3%A4nnande_konservatism" title="Medkännande konservatism">Medkännande</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Moderat" title="Moderat">Moderat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalkonservatism" title="Nationalkonservatism">National</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialkonservatism" title="Socialkonservatism">Social</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ultrakonservatism" title="Ultrakonservatism">Ultra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdekonservatism" title="Värdekonservatism">Värde</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Nationella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Action_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action française">Action française</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" title="Austrofascism">Austrofascism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frankism" title="Frankism">Frankism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metaxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neokonservatism" title="Neokonservatism">Neo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nykonservatism" title="Nykonservatism">Ny</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nation</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paleokonservatism" title="Paleokonservatism">Paleo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Radikalkonservatism" title="Radikalkonservatism">Radikal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rexism" title="Rexism">Rexism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Associerade</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Klerikal_fascism" title="Klerikal fascism">Klerikal fascism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservativ_liberalism" title="Konservativ liberalism">Konservativ liberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Korporativism" title="Korporativism">Korporativism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kristdemokrati" title="Kristdemokrati">Kristdemokrati</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Radikal_traditionalism" title="Radikal traditionalism">Radikal traditionalism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:EdmundBurke1771.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund Burke (1729–1797), konservativ portalfigur"><img alt="Edmund Burke (1729–1797), konservativ portalfigur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EdmundBurke1771.jpg/107px-EdmundBurke1771.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EdmundBurke1771.jpg/161px-EdmundBurke1771.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/EdmundBurke1771.jpg/214px-EdmundBurke1771.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Jmaistre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821), konservativ portalfigur"><img alt="Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821), konservativ portalfigur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jmaistre.jpg/107px-Jmaistre.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jmaistre.jpg/161px-Jmaistre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jmaistre.jpg/214px-Jmaistre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Filosofi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Principer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritet" title="Auktoritet">Auktoritet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Disciplin" title="Disciplin">Disciplin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aristokrati</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meritokrati" title="Meritokrati">Meritokrati</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Familj" title="Familj">Familj</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nsroll" title="Könsroll">Könsroller</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Folk" title="Folk">Folk</a> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rf%C3%A4dersdyrkan" title="Förfädersdyrkan">Förfädersdyrkan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heder" title="Heder">Heder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hierarki" title="Hierarki">Hierarki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kultur" title="Kultur">Kultur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kulturarv" title="Kulturarv">Arv</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kulturkanon" title="Kulturkanon">Kanon</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lagstyre" title="Lagstyre">Lagstyre</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lojalitet" title="Lojalitet">Lojalitet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monarkism" title="Monarkism">Monarkism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rojalism" title="Rojalism">Rojalism</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Ortodoxi" title="Ortodoxi">Ortodoxi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plikt" title="Plikt">Plikt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statskyrka" class="mw-redirect" title="Statskyrka">Statskyrka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4nitet" title="Suveränitet">Suveränitet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Idéer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Familjen_som_statsmodell" title="Familjen som statsmodell">Familjen som statsmodell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Folksj%C3%A4l" title="Folksjäl">Folksjäl</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kungad%C3%B6met_av_Guds_n%C3%A5de" title="Kungadömet av Guds nåde">Kungadömet av Guds nåde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalkarakt%C3%A4r" title="Nationalkaraktär">Nationalkaraktär</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oikofobi" title="Oikofobi">Oikofobi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Organismtanken" title="Organismtanken">Organismtanken</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sedlighet_(Hegel)" title="Sedlighet (Hegel)">Sedlighet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Filosofer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Reflektioner_om_franska_revolutionen" title="Reflektioner om franska revolutionen">Reflektioner om franska revolutionen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1790)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nie_du_christianisme" title="Génie du christianisme">Génie du christianisme</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1802)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Grundlinien_der_Philosophie_des_Rechts" title="Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts">Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1820)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Politik</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Politiker</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Organisationer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gruppen_Europeiska_konservativa_och_reformister" title="Gruppen Europeiska konservativa och reformister">ECR (gruppen)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_konservativa_och_reformister" title="Europeiska konservativa och reformister">ECR (partiet)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/European_Democrat_Students" title="European Democrat Students">EDS</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/European_Democrat_Union" title="European Democrat Union">EDU</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_folkpartiet" title="Europeiska folkpartiet">EPP</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Internationella_demokratiska_unionen" title="Internationella demokratiska unionen">IDU</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/International_Young_Democrat_Union" title="International Young Democrat Union">IYDU</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Konservativa_partier" title="Kategori:Konservativa partier">Kategori:Konservativa partier</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservativa_partiet_(Storbritannien)" title="Konservativa partiet (Storbritannien)">Konservativa partiet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Republikanska_partiet" title="Republikanska partiet">Republikanska partiet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Historia</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Ancien régime</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aristokrati</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bourbonska_restaurationen" title="Bourbonska restaurationen">Bourbonska restaurationen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Heliga_alliansen" title="Heliga alliansen">Heliga alliansen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anister" title="Orléanister">Orléanister</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ndssamh%C3%A4lle" title="Ståndssamhälle">Ståndssamhälle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ultrarojalister" title="Ultrarojalister">Ultrarojalister</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vitgardist" title="Vitgardist">Vitgardist</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vit_terror" title="Vit terror">Vit terror</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wienkongressen" title="Wienkongressen">Wienkongressen</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Religion</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konservativ_kristendom" title="Konservativ kristendom">Konservativ kristendom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kristen_h%C3%B6ger" title="Kristen höger">Kristen höger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kristen_nationalism" title="Kristen nationalism">Kristen nationalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolsk_sociall%C3%A4ra" title="Romersk-katolsk sociallära">Romersk-katolsk sociallära</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolsk_traditionalism" title="Romersk-katolsk traditionalism">Romersk-katolsk traditionalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Traditionella_skolan" title="Traditionella skolan">Traditionella skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background: #27408b; color: white;;;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Den_historiska_skolan" title="Den historiska skolan">Den historiska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gerrealism" title="Högerrealism">Högerrealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kontrarevolution" title="Kontrarevolution">Kontrarevolution</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Legitimism" title="Legitimism">Legitimism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lojalist" title="Lojalist">Lojalist</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Politisk_h%C3%B6ger" title="Politisk höger">Politisk höger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nya_h%C3%B6gern_(kulturr%C3%B6relse)" title="Nya högern (kulturrörelse)">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Reaktion%C3%A4r" title="Reaktionär">Reaktionär</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Retrogardism" title="Retrogardism">Retrogardism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Romantiken" title="Romantiken">Romantiken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalromantik" title="Nationalromantik">National</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Traditionalism" title="Traditionalism">Traditionalism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Politisk_filosofi" title="Mall:Politisk filosofi"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Politisk_filosofi&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politisk filosofi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritet" title="Auktoritet">Auktoritet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egendom" title="Egendom">Egendom</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elit" title="Elit">Elit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Folk" title="Folk">Folk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fred" title="Fred">Fred</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frihet" title="Frihet">Frihet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hegemoni" title="Hegemoni">Hegemoni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hierarki" title="Hierarki">Hierarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Krig" title="Krig">Krig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lag" title="Lag">Lag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legitimitet" title="Legitimitet">Legitimitet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lydnad" title="Lydnad">Lydnad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Makt" title="Makt">Makt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol">Monopol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plikt" title="Plikt">Plikt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pluralism" title="Pluralism">Pluralism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">Regering</a> • <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttighet" title="Rättighet">Rättigheter</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttvisa" title="Rättvisa">Rättvisa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4lle_(sociologi)" title="Samhälle (sociologi)">Samhälle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Samhällskontrakt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stat" title="Stat">Stat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4nitet" title="Suveränitet">Suveränitet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Utopi" title="Utopi">Utopi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Statsskick</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aristokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Env%C3%A4lde" title="Envälde">Autokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Byr%C3%A5krati" title="Byråkrati">Byråkrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Diktatur" title="Diktatur">Diktatur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">Demokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerontokrati" title="Gerontokrati">Gerontokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meritokrati" title="Meritokrati">Meritokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">Monarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oligarki" title="Oligarki">Oligarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plutokrati" title="Plutokrati">Plutokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teknokrati" title="Teknokrati">Teknokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teokrati" title="Teokrati">Teokrati</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ideologier</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekologism" title="Ekologism">Ekologism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feodalism" title="Feodalism">Feodalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kapitalism" title="Kapitalism">Kapitalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism">Kolonialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kommunism" title="Kommunism">Kommunism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konfucianism" title="Konfucianism">Konfucianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korporativism" title="Korporativism">Korporativism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kristdemokrati" title="Kristdemokrati">Kristdemokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monarkism" title="Monarkism">Monarkism</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5ngkultur" title="Mångkultur">Multikulturalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republikanism" title="Republikanism">Republikanism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialdarwinism" title="Socialdarwinism">Socialdarwinism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialdemokrati" title="Socialdemokrati">Socialdemokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tredje_v%C3%A4gens_politik" title="Tredje vägens politik">Tredje vägen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Teorier</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes" title="Bellum omnium contra omnes">Bellum omnium contra omnes</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Civilisationernas_kamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilisationernas kamp">Civilisationernas kamp</a> • <a href="/wiki/Familjen_som_statsmodell" title="Familjen som statsmodell">Familjen som statsmodell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Folkhemmet" title="Folkhemmet">Folkhemmet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kungad%C3%B6met_av_Guds_n%C3%A5de" title="Kungadömet av Guds nåde">Kungadömet av Guds nåde</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majoritetsf%C3%B6rtryck" title="Majoritetsförtryck">Majoritetsförtryck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maktdelningsprincipen" title="Maktdelningsprincipen">Maktdelning</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maktbalans" title="Maktbalans">Maktbalans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nattv%C3%A4ktarstat" title="Nattväktarstat">Nattväktarstat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naturr%C3%A4tt" title="Naturrätt">Naturrätt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naturtillst%C3%A5nd" title="Naturtillstånd">Naturtillstånd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Negativa_och_positiva_r%C3%A4ttigheter" title="Negativa och positiva rättigheter">Negativa och positiva rättigheter</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" class="mw-redirect" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Ursprungspositionen" title="Ursprungspositionen">Okunnighetens slöja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Organismtanken" title="Organismtanken">Organismtanken</a> • <a href="/wiki/Overton-f%C3%B6nstret" title="Overton-fönstret">Overton-fönstret</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4llskontrakt" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhällskontrakt">Samhällskontrakt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Statolatri" title="Statolatri">Statolatri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Triangulering_(politik)" title="Triangulering (politik)">Triangulering</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5gm%C3%A4stare_(politik)" title="Vågmästare (politik)">Vågmästare</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5ldsmonopol" title="Våldsmonopol">Våldsmonopol</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%84del_l%C3%B6gn" title="Ädel lögn">Ädel lögn</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ppet_samh%C3%A4lle" title="Öppet samhälle">Öppet samhälle</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Filosofer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Antiken</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> • <a href="/wiki/Han_Feizi" title="Han Feizi">Han Feizi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konfucius" title="Konfucius">Konfucius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Zi" title="Sun Zi">Sun Zi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thukydides" title="Thukydides">Thukydides</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xenofon" title="Xenofon">Xenofon</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Medeltiden</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Al_Farabi" title="Al Farabi">Al Farabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_av_Aquino" title="Thomas av Aquino">Aquino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroës</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_I" title="Gelasius I">Gelasius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazali" title="Mohammad Ghazali">Ghazali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed">Muhammed</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Ockham" title="William Ockham">Ockham</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Tidigmodern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Calvin" title="Jean Calvin">Calvin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">17- och 18-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Bakunin" title="Michail Bakunin">Bakunin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet" title="Nicolas de Condorcet">Condorcet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Iqbal" title="Mohammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">19- och 20-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar" title="Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Hayek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a> • <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kropotkin" title="Pjotr Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Staten_(Platon)" title="Staten (Platon)">Staten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 375 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Politiken" title="Politiken">Politiken</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 350 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Fursten" title="Fursten">Fursten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1532)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Thomas_Hobbes)" title="Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes)">Leviathan</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1651)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/De_l%27esprit_des_lois" title="De l'esprit des lois">Om lagarnas anda</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1748)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_samh%C3%A4llsf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Om samhällsfördraget">Om samhällsfördraget</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1762)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Reflektioner_om_franska_revolutionen" title="Reflektioner om franska revolutionen">Reflektioner om franska revolutionen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1790)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Grundlinien_der_Philosophie_des_Rechts" title="Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts">Rättsfilosofins grunddrag</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1820)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Kommunistiska_manifestet" title="Kommunistiska manifestet">Kommunistiska manifestet</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1848)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_friheten" title="Om friheten">Om friheten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1859)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Massornas_uppror" title="Massornas uppror">Massornas uppror</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1929)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4gen_till_tr%C3%A4ldom" title="Vägen till träldom">Vägen till träldom</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1944)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Det_%C3%B6ppna_samh%C3%A4llet_och_dess_fiender" title="Det öppna samhället och dess fiender">Det öppna samhället och dess fiender</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1945)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/En_teori_om_r%C3%A4ttvisa" title="En teori om rättvisa">En teori om rättvisa</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1971)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritarianism" title="Auktoritarianism">Auktoritarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/De_politiska_id%C3%A9ernas_historia" title="De politiska idéernas historia">De politiska idéernas historia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egalitarism" title="Egalitarism">Egalitarism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekonomikritik" title="Ekonomikritik">Ekonomikritik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitteori" title="Elitteori">Elitteori</a> • <a href="/wiki/GAL%E2%80%93TAN" title="GAL–TAN">GAL–TAN</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politiskt_spektrum" title="Politiskt spektrum">Politiskt spektrum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politisk_v%C3%A4nster" title="Politisk vänster">Vänster</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_mitt" title="Politisk mitt">Mitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_h%C3%B6ger" title="Politisk höger">Höger</a>) • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsfilosofi" title="Rättsfilosofi">Rättsfilosofi</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsvetenskap" title="Rättsvetenskap">Rättsvetenskap</a> • <a href="/wiki/Separatism_(statsvetenskap)" title="Separatism (statsvetenskap)">Separatism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etatism" title="Etatism">Statism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism">Totalitarism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politisk_filosofi" title="Kategori:Politisk filosofi">Kategori:Politisk filosofi</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh90004739">sh90004739</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: 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