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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Episodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Episodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Episodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Episodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_producers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_producers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Executive producers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_producers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancellation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancellation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Cancellation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancellation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Home media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Critical response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>U.S. ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spin-offs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spin-offs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Spin-offs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spin-offs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spin-offs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spin-offs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expanded_universe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expanded_universe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Expanded universe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expanded_universe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undeveloped_spin-offs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undeveloped_spin-offs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Undeveloped spin-offs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undeveloped_spin-offs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merchandise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merchandise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Merchandise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merchandise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Angel</i> (1999 TV series)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84" title="آنجل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آنجل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D0%BB_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Ейнджъл (сериал) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ейнджъл (сериал)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(seri%C3%A1l)" title="Angel (seriál) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Angel (seriál)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(tv-serie)" title="Angel (tv-serie) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Angel (tv-serie)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_%E2%80%93_J%C3%A4ger_der_Finsternis" title="Angel – Jäger der Finsternis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angel – Jäger der Finsternis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(seriaal)" title="Angel (seriaal) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Angel (seriaal)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngel_(serie_de_televisi%C3%B3n)" title="Ángel (serie de televisión) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ángel (serie de televisión)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(telesaila)" title="Angel (telesaila) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Angel (telesaila)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B9)" title="آنجل (مجموعه تلویزیونی ۱۹۹۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنجل (مجموعه تلویزیونی ۱۹۹۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(s%C3%A9rie_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e)" title="Angel (série télévisée) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angel (série télévisée)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(serie_de_televisi%C3%B3n_de_1999)" title="Angel (serie de televisión de 1999) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Angel (serie de televisión de 1999)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%94%EC%A0%A4_(%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88)" title="엔젤 (드라마) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엔젤 (드라마)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%AC_(%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC)" title="Անգել (հեռուստասերիալ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգել (հեռուստասերիալ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(seri_TV_1999)" title="Angel (seri TV 1999) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angel (seri TV 1999)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(serie_televisiva)" title="Angel (serie televisiva) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Angel (serie televisiva)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C_(%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94)" title="אנג'ל (סדרת טלוויזיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנג'ל (סדרת טלוויזיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3s_sorozat)" title="Angel (televíziós sorozat) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angel (televíziós sorozat)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(siri_TV_1999)" title="Angel (siri TV 1999) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angel (siri TV 1999)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(televisieserie)" title="Angel (televisieserie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Angel (televisieserie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB_(%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E)" title="エンジェル (テレビドラマ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エンジェル (テレビドラマ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(TV-serie)" title="Angel (TV-serie) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Angel (TV-serie)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel" title="Angel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Angel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anio%C5%82_ciemno%C5%9Bci" title="Anioł ciemności – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anioł ciemności" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel" title="Angel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Angel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(serial)" title="Angel (serial) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Angel (serial)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Ангел (телесериал) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ангел (телесериал)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(1999_TV_series)" title="Angel (1999 TV series) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Angel (1999 TV series)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel" title="Angel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Angel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(televisiosarja)" title="Angel (televisiosarja) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Angel (televisiosarja)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(TV-serie)" title="Angel (TV-serie) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Angel (TV-serie)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(dizi)" title="Angel (dizi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Angel (dizi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Ангел (телесеріал) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ангел (телесеріал)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="暗黑天使 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="暗黑天使" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1230561210">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary"><i>Angel</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_(Mutant_Enemy_television_series)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Angel_%28Mutant_Enemy_television_series%29_logo.svg/220px-Angel_%28Mutant_Enemy_television_series%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Angel_%28Mutant_Enemy_television_series%29_logo.svg/330px-Angel_%28Mutant_Enemy_television_series%29_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Angel_%28Mutant_Enemy_television_series%29_logo.svg/440px-Angel_%28Mutant_Enemy_television_series%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_fiction" title="Action fiction">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Greenwalt" title="David Greenwalt">David Greenwalt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Showrunners</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Joss Whedon</li> <li>David Greenwalt</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Boreanaz" title="David Boreanaz">David Boreanaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charisma_Carpenter" title="Charisma Carpenter">Charisma Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Quinn" title="Glenn Quinn">Glenn Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Denisof" title="Alexis Denisof">Alexis Denisof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._August_Richards" title="J. August Richards">J. August Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Acker" title="Amy Acker">Amy Acker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Kartheiser" title="Vincent Kartheiser">Vincent Kartheiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hallett" title="Andy Hallett">Andy Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Marsters" title="James Marsters">James Marsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_McNab" title="Mercedes McNab">Mercedes McNab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Theme music composer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darling_Violetta" title="Darling Violetta">Darling Violetta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Beck" title="Christophe Beck">Christophe Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Kral" title="Robert J. Kral">Robert J. Kral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of seasons</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of episodes</th><td class="infobox-data">110 <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes" title="List of Angel episodes">list of episodes</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Executive producers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Joss Whedon</li> <li>David Greenwalt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Minear" title="Tim Minear">Tim Minear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Bell" title="Jeffrey Bell">Jeffrey Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fury" title="David Fury">David Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran_Rubel_Kuzui" title="Fran Rubel Kuzui">Fran Rubel Kuzui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaz_Kuzui" title="Kaz Kuzui">Kaz Kuzui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Running time</th><td class="infobox-data">41–45 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production companies</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutant_Enemy_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutant Enemy Productions">Mutant Enemy Productions</a></li> <li>Greenwolf Corp <span style="font-size:85%;">(season 1)</span></li> <li>David Greenwalt Productions <span style="font-size:85%;">(seasons 2–3)</span></li> <li>Kuzui Enterprises</li> <li>Sandollar Television</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox Television">20th Century Fox Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">October 5, 1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1999-10-05</span>)</span> –<br />May 19, 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2004-05-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Related</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Angel</b></i> is an American <a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">supernatural</a> television series, a <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spinoff</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i>. The series was created by <i>Buffy</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s creator, writer and director <a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a>, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/David_Greenwalt" title="David Greenwalt">David Greenwalt</a>. It aired on <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a> from October 5, 1999, to May 19, 2004, consisting of five seasons and 110 episodes. Like <i>Buffy</i>, it was produced by Whedon's production company, <a href="/wiki/Mutant_Enemy_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutant Enemy Productions">Mutant Enemy</a>. </p><p>The show details the ongoing trials of <a href="/wiki/Angel_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Angel</a>, a vampire whose human soul was restored to him by a <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> curse as a punishment for the murder of one of their own. After more than a century of murder and the torture of innocents, Angel's restored soul torments him with guilt and remorse. Angel moves to Los Angeles, California, after it is clear that his doomed relationship with Buffy, the vampire slayer, cannot continue. During the majority of the show, he works as a private detective in Los Angeles, where he and a variety of associates work to "help the helpless", restoring the faith and saving the souls of those who have lost their way.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he must also battle his own demonic nature, he typically battles with evil demons or humans allied to them, primarily related to Wolfram & Hart, a law firm supported by occult practices which is an extension of otherworldly demonic forces. </p><p>The show is considered by many critics as one of the best TV spin-off series of all time with praise for its darker tone, characters and performances.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_characters" title="List of Angel characters">List of Angel characters</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Angel_characters" title="List of minor Angel characters">List of minor Angel characters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_villains_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Buffyverse villains and supernatural beings">List of Buffyverse villains and supernatural beings</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_cast_(Angel_casefiles).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Angel_cast_%28Angel_casefiles%29.jpg/250px-Angel_cast_%28Angel_casefiles%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d6/Angel_cast_%28Angel_casefiles%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>The principal <i>Angel</i> actors portraying their characters (Season 3), from left to right: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gunn_(Angel)" title="Charles Gunn (Angel)">Gunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordelia_Chase" title="Cordelia Chase">Cordelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angel_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Angel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Wyndam-Pryce" title="Wesley Wyndam-Pryce">Wesley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Burkle" title="Winifred Burkle">Fred</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The series focuses on <a href="/wiki/Angel_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Angel</a> (<a href="/wiki/David_Boreanaz" title="David Boreanaz">David Boreanaz</a>), an Irish vampire who is over 240 years old. Angel was known as Angelus during his rampages across Europe, but was cursed with a soul, which gave him a conscience and guilt for centuries of murder and torture. He left <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i> at the end of season 3 to move to Los Angeles in search of redemption. </p><p>He soon finds himself assisted by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Francis_Doyle" title="Allen Francis Doyle">Allen Francis Doyle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glenn_Quinn" title="Glenn Quinn">Glenn Quinn</a>), another Irish character who is a half-human, half-demon who, although he comes across as a ne'er-do-well hustler, has a heroic side. Doyle serves to pass along cryptic visions from The Powers That Be to Angel. They're soon joined by <a href="/wiki/Cordelia_Chase" title="Cordelia Chase">Cordelia Chase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charisma_Carpenter" title="Charisma Carpenter">Charisma Carpenter</a>), also a previous cast member of <i>Buffy.</i> Formerly a popular high school cheerleader of Sunnydale High, Cordelia starts her tenure on the show as a more vain and self-centered personality, but grows over the course of the series into a hero. Cordelia acquires Doyle's visions via a shared kiss prior to Doyle's death. With the death of Doyle in the ninth episode of the show's first season, another character from the <i>Buffy</i> series makes the jump to its spinoff: <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Wyndam-Pryce" title="Wesley Wyndam-Pryce">Wesley Wyndam-Pryce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexis_Denisof" title="Alexis Denisof">Alexis Denisof</a>) joins the team under the brave guise of "rogue demon hunter," acting as comic relief and initially not well accepted. Over time, Wesley shows bravery and strength as well as some cold-blooded killing ability, like his colleague <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Giles" title="Rupert Giles">Rupert Giles</a>, and grows into a leader. </p><p>In season 2 of the show, Angel, Cordelia and Wesley are joined by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gunn_(Angel)" title="Charles Gunn (Angel)">Charles Gunn</a> (<a href="/wiki/J._August_Richards" title="J. August Richards">J. August Richards</a>), a young demon hunter who must initially adjust to working with and for a vampire. At the end of season 2, they travel to the demon world Pylea, where they save <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Burkle" title="Winifred Burkle">Winifred "Fred" Burkle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amy_Acker" title="Amy Acker">Amy Acker</a>), a young Texan physicist whose social skills have become stunted after five years' captivity; she later grows to become more outspoken. Season 3 saw the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Connor_(Angel)" title="Connor (Angel)">Connor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vincent_Kartheiser" title="Vincent Kartheiser">Vincent Kartheiser</a>), the "miracle" human child of two vampires, Angel and <a href="/wiki/Darla_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Darla (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Darla</a>. Abducted into a Hell dimension as a baby, he is raised by Angel's enemy <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Holtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Holtz">Daniel Holtz</a>, and only a few weeks after he left comes back as a teenager and reluctantly comes to accept his lineage. Although introduced during season 2, <a href="/wiki/Lorne_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorne (Angel)">Lorne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andy_Hallett" title="Andy Hallett">Andy Hallett</a>) joins the team during season 3. An outgoing, pacifist demon with prophetic and empathic abilities, Lorne's role is predominantly to support the team. </p><p>Season 5, the show's final season, introduces several new cast members, chief amongst them <a href="/wiki/Spike_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Spike</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Marsters" title="James Marsters">James Marsters</a>), an old vampire ally/foe of Angel's who also starred in <i>Buffy.</i> In this series, Spike reluctantly fights beside Angel as their rivalry continues—now tinged with Spike existing as another vampire with a soul, and by the romantic feelings that both of them have for Buffy Summers. One of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Old_Ones_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Ones (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Old Ones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illyria_(Angel)" title="Illyria (Angel)">Illyria</a> (Amy Acker) starts off as an adversary of the team after taking over Fred's body, but comes to join the team as she must learn to cope with the changed world and the new emotions she feels as a result of taking over a human. Finally, there's <a href="/wiki/Harmony_Kendall" title="Harmony Kendall">Harmony Kendall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercedes_McNab" title="Mercedes McNab">Mercedes McNab</a>), another <i>Buffy</i> alumna and former friend of Cordelia who was turned into a vampire. Resembling the old personality of Cordelia, Harmony is grudgingly accepted by Angel as his secretary when he takes over the Los Angeles branch of Wolfram & Hart. </p><p>Many characters on <i>Angel</i> made recurring appearances. The two longest-running recurring characters are Lilah Morgan (Seasons 1–4) and <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_McDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindsey McDonald">Lindsey McDonald</a> (Seasons 1, 2, and 5), appearing in 36 and 21 episodes, respectively; Lindsey is the only character besides Angel to appear in both the first and last episode of the series. Angel's sire <a href="/wiki/Darla_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Darla (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Darla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julie_Benz" title="Julie Benz">Julie Benz</a>), first seen in <i>Buffy</i>, plays an expanded role on <i>Angel</i> and appears in 20 episodes over the course of the series. <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_R%C3%B6hm" title="Elisabeth Röhm">Elisabeth Röhm</a> appears in 15 episodes (Seasons 1–2) as LAPD Detective <a href="/wiki/Kate_Lockley" title="Kate Lockley">Kate Lockley</a>, a woman with an often-strained relationship with Angel. </p><p>Throughout the series, there were also guest appearances from <a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_characters" title="List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer characters"><i>Buffy</i> characters</a>, including main cast members <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Summers" title="Buffy Summers">Buffy Summers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willow_Rosenberg" title="Willow Rosenberg">Willow Rosenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oz_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Oz (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Daniel "Oz" Osbourne</a>. The rogue slayer <a href="/wiki/Faith_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Faith (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Faith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eliza_Dushku" title="Eliza Dushku">Eliza Dushku</a>) played an important part in episodes of Seasons 1, 2, and 4; <a href="/wiki/Anne_Steele_(Buffyverse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Steele (Buffyverse)">Anne Steele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wells" title="Andrew Wells">Andrew Wells</a> also originated on <i>Buffy</i> and appeared in two or more <i>Angel</i> episodes. Whedon also used two actors from his cancelled television series <i><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(TV_series)" title="Firefly (TV series)">Firefly</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Gina_Torres" title="Gina Torres">Gina Torres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Baldwin" title="Adam Baldwin">Adam Baldwin</a>, to play <a href="/wiki/Jasmine_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasmine (Angel)">Jasmine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Hamilton_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Hamilton (Angel)">Marcus Hamilton</a>, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Setting_and_filming_locations">Setting and filming locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Setting and filming locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of <i>Angel</i> was shot on location in Los Angeles, where it is also set.<sup id="cite_ref-INSERT_NAME_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INSERT_NAME-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Los Angeles" are the first words spoken in the premiere episode,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the cityscape is the first image seen in the opening credits. Joss Whedon said, "It is set in Los Angeles because there are a lot of demons in L.A. and a wealth of stories to be told."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Producer <a href="/wiki/Marti_Noxon" title="Marti Noxon">Marti Noxon</a> has expanded on this explanation: "Los Angeles was the place that Joss Whedon picked for very specific reasons. There's a lot of preconceptions about what the place is, but there are a lot of truths. It's a pretty competitive, intense town, where a lot of lonely, isolated, and desperate people end up. It's a good place for monsters."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many episodes feature references to the city, and the opening episode of the second season features Lorne offering this observation of the city: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In this city, you better learn to get along. Because L.A.'s got it all: the glamour and the grit, the big breaks and the heartaches, the sweet young lovers and the nasty, ugly, hairy fiends that suck out your brain through your face. It's all part of the big wacky variety show we call <i>Los Angeles</i>.</p></blockquote> <p>In the essay, "Los Angeles: The City of Angel" (from the essay collection, <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Angel:_The_TV_Spin-off_With_a_Soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Angel: The TV Spin-off With a Soul">Reading Angel: The TV Spin-off With a Soul</a></i>), Benjamin Jacob explores why Los Angeles in particular should be important to the series. Jacob suggests several explanations: first, the name connection ('City of Angels'); second, the double-sided nature, the "other side of the stereotypical sunshine city, Beach Boys and Walt Disney", "the place of pain, anonymity, alienation and broken dreams".;<sup id="cite_ref-jacob_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacob-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> third, American noir was originally a "Los Angelian genre".<sup id="cite_ref-jacob80_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacob80-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Angel</i> was originally conceived as supernatural noir. Noir had continued investigation of the "dark city, a place of regression and darkness as a counterpoint to the city's promise of progress and civilization" that had begun under <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jacob83_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacob83-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Season 1, Angel Investigations is based in Angel's apartment. Actor <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Denisof" title="Alexis Denisof">Alexis Denisof</a>, who played <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Wyndam-Pryce" title="Wesley Wyndam-Pryce">Wesley Wyndam-Pryce</a>, said: "Angel had this dark, foreboding, underground cellar apartment with columns, with this antique furniture all around, and this pokey little office upstairs"<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These offices were blown up at the climax of the first season, and Angel Investigations found a new base in the episode "<a href="/wiki/Are_You_Now_or_Have_You_Ever_Been" title="Are You Now or Have You Ever Been">Are You Now or Have You Ever Been</a>". </p><p>Production designer Stuart Blatt outlined the new base: "An old hotel, something [the writers] could use to evoke the past of Los Angeles and some of Angel's history, something kind of creepy and spooky but not too dark because they didn't want something depressing, it's called the <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperion Hotel">Hyperion Hotel</a>. It's based on many hotels in Los Angeles... Angel lived in a larger suite in the hotel, like a honeymoon suite, the producers wanted Angel to have enough room to relax and get away from it all, do a little pondering, a little brooding, and a little research. Every once in a while, someone will come up to have a little conversation."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the final season, the team moves to the evil law firm, Wolfram & Hart. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much like <i>Buffy</i>, <i>Angel</i> is told in a <a href="/wiki/Serial_(radio_and_television)" title="Serial (radio and television)">serialized</a> format, with each episode involving a self-contained story while contributing to a larger storyline. Unlike <i>Buffy</i>, however, the season-long narratives are not marked by the rise and defeat of a powerful <a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">antagonist</a>, commonly referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Big_Bad" title="Big Bad">Big Bad</a>" in the parent series. Instead, the overarching story of all five seasons of the series pitted Angel as the central player in a battle between the "good" <a href="/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Powers That Be (Angel)">Powers That Be</a> and the "evil" law firm Wolfram & Hart and his possible role in a prophesied apocalypse. It mixes the complex, series-long storyline along with more stand-alone, <a href="/wiki/Villain_of_the_week" title="Villain of the week">villain-of-the-week</a> episodes. The show blends different genres, including horror, fantasy, supernatural, and a combination of comedic and dramatic content.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Season 1 is mainly told in a "<a href="/wiki/Villain_of_the_week" title="Villain of the week">monster of the week</a>" format, with each episode creating a self-contained story that took place around the title character. Later seasons became more serialized, where the majority of episodes contribute to a larger <a href="/wiki/Story_arc" title="Story arc">story arc</a> that unfolded over many episodes. The most extreme example of this is season 4, in which almost every episode contributed to the main storyline, and often picked up exactly where the previous episode ended.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The series' narrative revolves around Angel and his colleagues, collectively making up the detective agency Angel Investigations, who fight against <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> evils and work to "help the helpless".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical episode contains one or more villains, or supernatural phenomena that is thwarted or defeated, and one or more people in need of help, a few of whom Angel and associates are not able to assist (including some main characters) since episode one. Though elements and relationships are explored and ongoing subplots are included, the show focuses centrally on Angel and his road to redemption. </p><p>The most prominent monsters in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_villains_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Buffyverse villains and supernatural beings"><i>Angel</i> bestiary</a> are <a href="/wiki/Vampire_(Buffyverse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampire (Buffyverse)">vampires</a>, which are based on traditional myths, lore, and literary conventions. Angel and his companions fight a wide variety of demons, as well as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_villains_and_supernatural_beings#Ghosts_and_spirits" title="List of Buffyverse villains and supernatural beings">ghosts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">werewolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_villains_and_supernatural_beings#Undead" title="List of Buffyverse villains and supernatural beings">zombies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_villains_and_supernatural_beings#Dangerous_mortals" title="List of Buffyverse villains and supernatural beings">ethically unsound humans</a>. They sometimes even save the world from annihilation by a combination of physical combat, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magic</a>, and detective-style investigation, and are guided by an extensive collection of ancient and mystical reference books. Visions from higher powers guide the group, and are received by Doyle and later Cordelia. <a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">Hand-to-hand combat</a> is chiefly undertaken by Angel and later Gunn, though every member of Angel Investigations is combat-ready to some degree. Lorne is able to read peoples' destinies and intentions. <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Burkle" title="Winifred Burkle">Fred</a> uses her scientific knowledge to contribute, whilst Wesley contributes his extensive knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">demonology</a> and supernatural lore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storylines">Storylines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Storylines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of the series, Angel has just moved to Los Angeles. He is soon visited by Doyle, a messenger sent to him on behalf of The Powers That Be, enigmatic and ancient forces that assist the side of good. Doyle receives visions that can guide Angel on his mission as a champion of humankind. Angel also encounters Cordelia Chase, who is trying to launch an acting career. The three group together to form Angel Investigations, a detective agency that hopes to "help the hopeless" (later on "help the helpless"). When Doyle dies in the episode "<a href="/wiki/Hero_(Angel)" title="Hero (Angel)">Hero</a>", he passes on his "visions" to Cordelia with a kiss. Shortly thereafter, the ex-<a href="/wiki/Watcher_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Watcher (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Watcher</a>, Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, joins the group. Meanwhile, the evil law firm Wolfram & Hart pay increasing attention to Angel. They tempt him toward darkness when they resurrect <a href="/wiki/Darla_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Darla (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Darla</a>, Angel's ex-lover and <a href="/wiki/Vampire_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)#Vampire's_siring_and_rebirth" title="Vampire (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">sire</a>—killed by Angel in the first season of <i>Buffy</i> in the episode "<a href="/wiki/Angel_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_episode)" title="Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode)">Angel</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gunn_(Angel)" title="Charles Gunn (Angel)">Charles Gunn</a>, who was introduced toward the end of season 1 in the episode "War Zone", is a street-tough leader of a gang of vampire hunters. He is initially determined to kill Angel but slowly comes to accept him and join his cause throughout season 2. Wolfram & Hart's star lawyer <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_McDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindsey McDonald">Lindsey McDonald</a> primes Darla as its weapon to bring down Angel. However, Darla is brought back as a human, not a vampire. But as a human, she suffers from a terminal case of <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>—which she had contracted in her original life before being sired. Lindsey brings in <a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Drusilla (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Drusilla</a>, a vampire originally sired by Angelus, to restore Darla to the cause of evil. Enraged by this, Angel begins to grow darker. He cuts himself off from his staff (secretly to keep them away from this kind of dark territory for their own sake) and attempts to go after the pair himself. In despair, Angel sleeps with Darla (cf. "<a href="/wiki/Reprise_(Angel)" title="Reprise (Angel)">Reprise</a>") but the next morning, he has an epiphany; seeing the error of his ways, he banishes Darla and reunites with his group. When Cordelia vanishes, <a href="/wiki/Lorne_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorne (Angel)">Lorne</a>, the flamboyant demon owner of karaoke bar Caritas, reluctantly takes Angel and his crew to his home dimension, Pylea, to rescue her. They return with <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Burkle" title="Winifred Burkle">Winifred "Fred" Burkle</a>, a former physics student who has been trapped in the dimension for five long years. </p><p>To get over news of <a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="The Gift (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">the death of his ex-girlfriend, Buffy</a>, Angel spends three months in a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>, where he encounters some demon monks and goes home frustrated in season 3. He returns to Los Angeles, as does Darla—now bearing his child. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Holtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Holtz">Daniel Holtz</a>, an old enemy of both Angel and Darla, is resurrected by a demon to take revenge on the vampires that killed his family. The group is puzzled over what might be the first vampire birth. Darla sacrifices her life to save the life of her child, <a href="/wiki/Connor_(Angel)" title="Connor (Angel)">Connor</a>. The gang is eager to care for the infant, but Wesley soon learns of a (false) frightening prophecy that suggests that Angel will murder his son. Feeling disconnected from the group, Wesley does not share this information and quietly kidnaps Connor. This backfires as he is attacked and the child is seized by Holtz and his protégée <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Angel_characters#Justine_Cooper" title="List of minor Angel characters">Justine</a>. Wanting Angel to suffer the loss of a child as he did, Holtz escapes through a rip in the fabric of space to the dimension of Quor'Toth, and raises the boy as his own. Angel feels that his son is lost forever and tries to murder Wesley. Though he survives, Wesley is banished from the group. Weeks later, Connor returns, but because time moves faster in Quor'Toth, he is now a teenage boy, having been raised by Holtz. Tricking Angel into believing he needs to be the one to take Connor in, Holtz gives Angel a letter letting Connor know that he will be leaving and to trust Angel. Holtz gets Justine to kill him but ends up making it look like a vampire attack so Connor will assume the worst. Connor imprisons his birth father, Angel, in a casket and drops it to the bottom of the ocean. Cordelia's visions have been progressively getting worse, and she becomes part demon to make them easier on herself. Her old lover, the <a href="/wiki/Groosalugg" class="mw-redirect" title="Groosalugg">Groosalugg</a>, comes back from Pylea to be with her but leaves her when he discovers that she instead loves Angel. Cordelia, having been approached by a seeming agent of the Powers That Be with an offer to become a Higher Being, ascends to a higher dimensional plane at season's end. </p><p>Despite his exile from his old friends, Wesley locates and frees Angel at the beginning of season four. A hellish <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Angel_characters#The_Beast" title="List of minor Angel characters">Beast</a> emerges and blocks out the sun over L.A. He then proceeds to kill the staff at Wolfram & Hart. Although the city survives, the sunlight seems to have been vanquished permanently. The team resorts to releasing Angel's soul, believing Angelus knows helpful information about the beast. Although the team takes safety precautions, Angelus is released from his cell by Cordelia, who is, at the time, under the influence of the soon to be born <a href="/wiki/Jasmine_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasmine (Angel)">Jasmine</a>. Luckily, they manage to restore Angel's soul, thanks to help from <a href="/wiki/Faith_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Faith (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willow_Rosenberg" title="Willow Rosenberg">Willow</a>. Their efforts, however, do not prevent the coming of <a href="/wiki/Jasmine_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasmine (Angel)">Jasmine</a>, who was indirectly responsible for the work of the Beast. Jasmine, it turns out, was formerly one of the Powers That Be and plans to solve all the world's problems by giving humanity total happiness through spiritual enslavement to her. She arrives in our world through manipulation of Cordelia and Connor, using them as a conduit into our world, eventually forcing Cordelia to fall into a coma. Fred is accidentally inoculated against Jasmine's spell by contact with her blood and frees the rest of the gang though they remain hopelessly outnumbered by thousands already entranced by Jasmine. Angel travels through a magic portal into a world previously visited by Jasmine to find a way of breaking her power over L.A.'s populace. By revealing her true name, they are able to break Jasmine's spell over everyone. Jasmine confronts Angel but is then killed by Connor. Connor is revealed never to have been under Jasmine's influence, but he went along for the sake of having a semblance of family and happiness. In the season finale, they are met by Lilah Morgan, the resurrected Head of Wolfram & Hart's Special Project Division, who congratulates them on preventing <a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">world peace</a>, and says that as a token of their appreciation, Wolfram & Hart would like to give them the Los Angeles branch. To help save Cordelia and Connor, who has gone mad with confusion over losing everything, Angel reluctantly agrees. </p><p>In season 5, the gang begins to settle into their new lives at Wolfram & Hart. Gunn undergoes a special cognitive procedure that transforms him into a brilliant lawyer. The group receives an <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulet</a> that resurrects a past companion of Angelus, the en-souled vampire <a href="/wiki/Spike_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Spike</a>, initially as a ghost-like presence but later regains corporeal status due to the machinations of <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_McDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindsey McDonald">Lindsey McDonald</a> in a surprise return. Cordelia, who has been in a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a>, has <i>The Powers That Be</i> grant her one last request, in which she helps Angel get "back on track," then dies. Angel is briefly reunited with his son Connor, now in a new identity thanks to the agreement between Angel and Wolfram & Hart at the end of Season Four. Connor regains the memories of his former identity but does not acknowledge this to protect his new parents (though he later reveals to Angel that he does, in fact, remember his previous life). Fred finally declares her affections to Wesley, but shortly after is possessed by an ancient and powerful demon called <a href="/wiki/Illyria_(Angel)" title="Illyria (Angel)">Illyria</a>. Wesley is devastated by the loss of Fred but agrees to help Illyria adjust to her new form and the unfamiliar world she is in. Angel, after getting one last vision from Cordelia before her death, infiltrates the Circle of the Black Thorn, a <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret society</a> responsible for engineering the <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a>, and plans to take them all out in a simultaneous, hard-hitting strike. Because this is probably a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_mission" title="Suicide mission">suicide mission</a>, he tells each of his friends to spend the day as if it were their last. That night, the team launches its attack on the Circle, dividing up their targets. When Wesley is fatally stabbed, Illyria, concerned for his safety, arrives at his side after killing her targets but is unable to save him. Illyria asks Wesley if he'd like her to assume the form of Fred, and Wesley agrees, allowing him to say goodbye to the woman he loved. Lorne leaves and disappears into the night, his innocence destroyed after fulfilling Angel's last order to kill Lindsey, the former Wolfram & Hart lawyer who had turned his back on the firm. Angel confronts Senior Partners' new liaison <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Angel_characters#Marcus_Hamilton" title="List of minor Angel characters">Marcus Hamilton</a> and defeats him with help from Connor. </p><p>Once the Circle has been dismantled, Angel and the surviving members of his gang <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rendezvous" class="extiw" title="wikt:rendezvous">rendezvous</a> in the alley behind the Hyperion Hotel. Illyria arrives with news of Wesley's death and feels the need to retaliate in her anger and grief. Spike also arrives, triumphant about his successful mission and hungry for further violent fighting. Gunn emerges, staggering from a serious stomach wound, but ready to fight. The survivors wait as the Senior Partners' army of warriors, <a href="/wiki/Giant_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant (mythology)">giants</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragon</a> approaches. Angel, Spike, Gunn and Illyria prepare for the upcoming battle, with Angel saying, "Well, personally, I kind of want to slay the dragon." The series then ends with Angel saying, "Let's go to work," after which he and his team attack the army of monsters head-on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Episodes">Episodes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Episodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes" title="List of Angel episodes">List of Angel episodes</a></div> <div style="display:block;overflow-x:auto"><table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;height:1px;display:table"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th scope="col" rowspan="2" style="min-width:50px;padding:0 8px">Season</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="padding:0 8px">Episodes</th><th scope="colgroup" colspan="2">Originally aired</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">First aired</th><th scope="col">Last aired</th></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#96272D;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes#Season_1_(1999–2000)" title="List of Angel episodes">1</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">October 5, 1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1999-10-05</span>)</span></td><td style="padding:0 8px">May 23, 2000<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2000-05-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#3B577F;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes#Season_2_(2000–2001)" title="List of Angel episodes">2</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">September 26, 2000<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2000-09-26</span>)</span></td><td style="padding:0 8px">May 22, 2001<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2001-05-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#6F4016;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes#Season_3_(2001–2002)" title="List of Angel episodes">3</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">September 24, 2001<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2001-09-24</span>)</span></td><td style="padding:0 8px">May 20, 2002<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2002-05-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#475941;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes#Season_4_(2002–2003)" title="List of Angel episodes">4</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">October 6, 2002<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2002-10-06</span>)</span></td><td style="padding:0 8px">May 7, 2003<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2003-05-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#9F341E;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes#Season_5_(2003–2004)" title="List of Angel episodes">5</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">October 1, 2003<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2003-10-01</span>)</span></td><td style="padding:0 8px">May 19, 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2004-05-19</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Co-producer Greenwalt points out, "There's no denying that <i>Angel</i> grew out of <i>Buffy</i>." Several years before <i>Angel</i> debuted, Joss Whedon developed the concept behind <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i> to invert the Hollywood formula of "the little blonde girl who goes into a dark alley and gets killed in every horror movie."<sup id="cite_ref-blondegirl_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blondegirl-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The character Angel was first seen in the <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Hellmouth" title="Welcome to the Hellmouth">first episode</a> and became a regular, appearing in the opening credits during seasons 2 and 3. According to the fictional universe first established by <i>Buffy</i>, the '<a href="/wiki/Buffyverse" title="Buffyverse">Buffyverse</a>',<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angel was born in 18th-century Ireland; after being turned into a soulless, immortal vampire, he became legendary for his evil acts, until a band of wronged Gypsies punished him by restoring his soul, overwhelming him with guilt. Angel eventually set out on a path of redemption, hoping that he could make up for his past through good deeds. In <i>Buffy</i>'s <a href="/wiki/Graduation_Day,_Part_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduation Day, Part Two">Season Three finale</a>, he leaves <a href="/wiki/Sunnydale" title="Sunnydale">Sunnydale</a> for L.A. to continue his atonement without Buffy. Whedon believed that "Angel was the one character who was bigger than life in the same way that Buffy was, a kind of superhero."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whedon has compared the series to its parent: "It's a little bit more straightforward action show and a little bit more of a guys' show."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the central concept behind <i>Buffy</i> was "high school as a horror movie" in small-town America,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> co-creators David Greenwalt and Whedon were looking to make <i>Angel</i> into a different "gritty, urban show."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whedon explained, "We wanted a much darker show, darker in tone. It's set in Los Angeles because there are a lot of demons in L.A. and a wealth of stories to be told. We also wanted to take the show a little older and have the characters deal with demons in a much different way. Buffy is always the underdog trying to save the world, but Angel is looking for redemption. It's those two things that creatively make the shows different."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whedon and Greenwalt prepared a six-minute promotional video pitch, often called the "Unaired <i>Angel</i> pilot" for <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-topping_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topping-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some shots from this short were later used in the opening credits.<sup id="cite_ref-topping_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topping-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early during the life of the series, some effort was made to slightly soften the original concept. For example, scenes were cut from the pilot episode, "City of", in which Angel tasted the blood of a murder victim;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the episode that was originally written to be the second episode, "Corrupt", was abandoned altogether. Writer <a href="/wiki/David_Fury" title="David Fury">David Fury</a> explained, "The network was shocked. They said 'We can't shoot this. This is way too dark.' We were able to break a new idea, we had to turn it over in three days."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the tone was lightened and the opening episodes established Angel Investigations as an idealistic, shoestring operation. </p><p>A first draft script reveals that <i>Angel</i> was originally intended to include the character <a href="/wiki/Whistler_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistler (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Whistler</a>, played by <a href="/wiki/Max_Perlich" title="Max Perlich">Max Perlich</a>, who had already been featured in two <i>Buffy</i> episodes, "<a href="/wiki/Becoming,_Part_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Becoming, Part One">Becoming, Part One</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Becoming,_Part_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="Becoming, Part Two">Part Two</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview, Perlich said, "I never got called again. If they had called, I would have probably accepted because it was a great experience and I think Joss is very original and talented."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the producers created a Whistler-like character, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Francis_Doyle" title="Allen Francis Doyle">Doyle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cordelia_Chase" title="Cordelia Chase">Cordelia Chase</a>, also from the original Sunnydale crew, joined Angel and Doyle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_producers">Executive producers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Executive producers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a> is credited as executive producer throughout the run of the series.<sup id="cite_ref-whedonimdb_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whedonimdb-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside <i>Angel</i>, he was also working on a series of other projects such as <i>Buffy</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fray_(comic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fray (comic)">Fray</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Astonishing_X-Men" title="Astonishing X-Men">Astonishing X-Men</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(TV_series)" title="Firefly (TV series)">Firefly</a></i>, which would later also lead to the film <i><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(2005_film)" title="Serenity (2005 film)">Serenity</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-whedonimdb_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whedonimdb-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the first three seasons, David Greenwalt, who co-created the series with Whedon, was also credited as executive producer;<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during this time, he also took on the role of <a href="/wiki/Show_runner" class="mw-redirect" title="Show runner">show runner</a>. He left to oversee <i><a href="/wiki/Miracles_(TV_series)" title="Miracles (TV series)">Miracles</a></i>, but continued to work on <i>Angel</i> as a consulting producer for the final two seasons. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Minear" title="Tim Minear">Tim Minear</a> also served as an executive producer during the second season, contributing heavily to the season's story arc. At the start of the fourth season, <a href="/wiki/David_Simkins" title="David Simkins">David Simkins</a> was made showrunner and executive producer, but after three months, he left the show due to "creative differences" and is not credited in any episodes.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established <i>Angel</i> writer <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Jackson_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey Jackson Bell">Jeffrey Bell</a> took over for the balance of season 4 and became executive producer for season 5. After <i>Buffy</i> concluded, writer <a href="/wiki/David_Fury" title="David Fury">David Fury</a> joined the staff as executive producer for the final season. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fran_Rubel_Kuzui" title="Fran Rubel Kuzui">Fran Rubel Kuzui</a> and her husband, <a href="/wiki/Kaz_Kuzui" title="Kaz Kuzui">Kaz Kuzui</a>, were also credited as executive producers throughout <i>Angel</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but were not involved in any writing or production for the show. Jeffrey Bell mentions in his DVD commentary during the closing credits of the <i>Angel</i> series finale "<a href="/wiki/Not_Fade_Away_(Angel_episode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Not Fade Away (Angel episode)">Not Fade Away</a>" that two people were credited and paid for <i>Angel</i> without needing to ever step on the set.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Angel</i> crew member Dan Kerns also revealed in an essay that two executive producers "received credit and sizeable checks for the duration of <i>Buffy</i> and <i>Angel</i> for doing absolutely nothing".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their credit, rights and royalties for the whole <i>Buffy</i> franchise, which includes spinoff <i>Angel</i>, relate to their funding, producing and directing of the original movie version of <i>Buffy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Script-writing was done by <a href="/wiki/Mutant_Enemy_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutant Enemy Productions">Mutant Enemy</a>, a production company created by Joss Whedon in 1997. The writers with the most writing credits for the series include: Joss Whedon, David Greenwalt, Tim Minear, Jeffrey Bell, <a href="/wiki/David_Fury" title="David Fury">David Fury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_S._DeKnight" title="Steven S. DeKnight">Steven S. DeKnight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mere_Smith" title="Mere Smith">Mere Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Craft_and_Sarah_Fain" title="Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain">Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other authors with writing credits include: <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Ryan" title="Shawn Ryan">Shawn Ryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Edlund" title="Ben Edlund">Ben Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Goddard" title="Drew Goddard">Drew Goddard</a>, Jeannine Renshaw, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Gordon" title="Howard Gordon">Howard Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Kouf" title="Jim Kouf">Jim Kouf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Espenson" title="Jane Espenson">Jane Espenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Petrie" title="Doug Petrie">Doug Petrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tracey_Stern" title="Tracey Stern">Tracey Stern</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Goodman" title="David H. Goodman">David H. Goodman</a>, Scott Murphy, <a href="/wiki/Marti_Noxon" title="Marti Noxon">Marti Noxon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brent_Fletcher" title="Brent Fletcher">Brent Fletcher</a>. </p><p>Jane Espenson has explained how scripts came together for Mutant Enemy Productions series <i>Buffy</i>, <i>Angel</i> and <i>Firefly</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-espensonwriting_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-espensonwriting-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a meeting was held and an idea was floated (generally by Whedon) and the writers brainstormed to develop the central theme of the episode and the character development. Next, the staff met in the anteroom to Whedon's office to begin "breaking" the story into acts and scenes; the only one absent would be the writer working on the previous week's episode. </p><p>Next, the writers developed the scenes onto a marker-filled whiteboard, featuring a "brief ordered description of each scene."<sup id="cite_ref-espensonwriting_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-espensonwriting-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A writer was then selected to create an outline of the episode's concept– occasionally with some dialogue and jokes– in one day. The outline was then given to the show runner, who revised it within a day. The writer used the revised outline to write the first draft of the script while the other writers worked on developing the next. This first draft was usually submitted for revision within 3–14 days; afterward, a second (and sometimes third) draft was written. After all revisions were made, the final draft would be produced as the "shooting draft". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_in_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_and_Angel" title="Music in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel">Music in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel</a></div> <p><i>Angel</i> features a mix of <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">original</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie (music)">indie</a>, rock and pop music. </p><p>The opening theme was composed by <a href="/wiki/Holly_Knight" title="Holly Knight">Holly Knight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darling_Violetta" title="Darling Violetta">Darling Violetta</a>, an alternative rock group that performed two songs during the third season of <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i>. Holly Knight was the music producer of the track. The next year, <i>Angel</i> invited bands to submit demos for the theme music to the show. They asked bands to use "dark superhero ideas" and "Cello-rock".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darling Violetta watched pivotal Angel-related episodes of <i>Buffy</i> such as "<a href="/wiki/Passion_(Buffy_episode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Buffy episode)">Passion</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Becoming_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Becoming (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Becoming, Parts One and Two</a>" for inspiration. Eventually, Whedon accepted Darling Violetta's interpretation of an <i>Angel</i> theme as that most suitable to the show. The theme has a slower tempo than the <i>Buffy</i> theme, as well as heavier use of acoustic instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a>. In 2005, the band composed an extended version of the <i>Angel</i> theme called "The Sanctuary Extended Remix", which featured on the soundtrack of the series <i><a href="/wiki/Angel:_Live_Fast,_Die_Never" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel: Live Fast, Die Never">Angel: Live Fast, Die Never</a></i>. </p><p>The demon karaoke bar, Caritas, is frequently used to spotlight pop hits. There has also been a soundtrack album, <i>Angel: Live Fast, Die Never</i>. The soundtrack mostly consists of scores created for the show by <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Kral" title="Robert J. Kral">Robert J. Kral</a> along with a remixed theme and four other songs from the show. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Romayne" title="Douglas Romayne">Douglas Romayne</a> scored 33 episodes of <i>Angel</i> in seasons 4 and 5, along with series lead composer, Rob Kral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancellation">Cancellation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cancellation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 14, 2004, the <a href="/wiki/WB_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="WB Network">WB Network</a> announced that <i>Angel</i> would not be brought back for a sixth season. The one-paragraph statement indicated that the news, which had been reported by an <a href="/wiki/Web_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Web site">Internet site</a> the previous day, had been leaked well before the network intended to make its announcement.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joss Whedon posted a message on a popular fan site, The Bronze: Beta, in which he expressed his dismay and surprise, saying he was "heartbroken"<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and described the situation as "Healthy Guy Falls Dead From Heart Attack."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fan reaction was to organize letter-writing campaigns, online petitions, blood and food drives, advertisements in trade magazines and via mobile billboards, and attempts to lobby other networks. <a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a> was a favorite target, as it had already picked up <i>Buffy</i>, but the network declined.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outrage for the cancellation focused on <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Levin" title="Jordan Levin">Jordan Levin</a>, WB's Head of Entertainment. It was the second highest-rated program to be canceled on the WB.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Head writer David Fury "guaranteed" that if Joss Whedon had not requested an early renewal, <i>Angel</i> would have been back for a Season 6, saying Whedon's request for an early pick-up decision put Levin in a corner, forcing him to cancel the show, adding simply waiting would have gotten the show renewed.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marsters made a similar statement, saying cancellation took the cast and production staff "completely by surprise".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said in 2021 that Spike's addition to the show prevented cancellation after four seasons, although his request for a salary equal to what he was paid on <i>Buffy</i> caused Whedon to remove Carpenter from the main cast.<sup id="cite_ref-ioy20210930_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioy20210930-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Angel'</i>s final episode, "<a href="/wiki/Not_Fade_Away_(Angel_episode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Not Fade Away (Angel episode)">Not Fade Away</a>", aired on the WB on May 19, 2004. The ambiguous final moments left some fans hoping for the continuation of <i>Angel</i> and the Buffyverse in the future - hopes that came to fruition in November 2007 with the publication of the first issue of the <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Angel:_After_the_Fall" title="Angel: After the Fall">Angel: After the Fall</a></i>. The series is <a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a>'s official continuation of the <i>Angel</i> television series and follows in the footsteps of the comic book <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Eight" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight">Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight</a></i>, whose first issue was published in March 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i> was built around the angst of adolescence, <i>Angel</i> chronicles the different stages of adulthood after one leaves home and begins working. Cordelia Chase, who had been the most popular and superficial girl in <a href="/wiki/Sunnydale_High" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnydale High">Sunnydale High</a> on <i>Buffy</i>, develops over the course of the series from an insecure young woman struggling in a daunting real world into an unexpectedly mature woman. Similarly, Wesley, the once uptight and bookish <a href="/wiki/Watcher_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Watcher (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Watcher</a>, becomes a man of quiet confidence and often ruthless action. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_credits_(Angel_TV_series).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Opening_credits_%28Angel_TV_series%29.jpg/250px-Opening_credits_%28Angel_TV_series%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/Opening_credits_%28Angel_TV_series%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="169" /></a><figcaption><i>Angel</i> screenshot from the opening credits. Taking place in a dark metropolis, <i>Angel</i> often alluded to the <a href="/wiki/Hardboiled" title="Hardboiled">noir</a> detective genre that influenced the show.</figcaption></figure> <p>In much the same way as <i>Buffy</i> had been both an homage and parody of traditional <a href="/wiki/Horror_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror films">horror films</a>, <i>Angel</i> gave the same treatment to the classical <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a>. Producer Kelly Manners said "<i>Angel</i> is a dark show about a man looking for redemption... We have an alcoholic metaphor with <i>Angel</i>. Angel is a guy who is one drink away from going back to his evil roots"<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attempts to find redemption through helping the helpless of Los Angeles in a fashion similar to that of noir detectives. The first episode even included a <a href="/wiki/Philip_Marlowe" title="Philip Marlowe">Philip Marlowe</a>-style voiceover. Angel filled the role of the reluctant, streetwise detective who has dealings with a variety of underworld characters. In this case, the "underworld" is a literal underworld of demons and supernatural beings. In one instance, Angel is explicitly compared with fictional noir private-detective Marlowe.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many traditional <i>noir</i> stories and characters were explored in earlier episodes, including the ditzy but attractive secretary, the cagey but well-informed partner, and clashes with crooked lawyers, femme fatales and meddlesome, too-good-for-their-own-good cops. These were usually given a modern or supernatural twist. </p><p>The style and focus of the show changed considerably over its run, and starting late in season two the original noir idea was mostly discarded in favor of more large-scale supernatural-themed conflicts. In later seasons, the mythology and stories became increasingly complex; in Season Four, one of the characters on the show itself described the storyline as "a turgid supernatural soap opera."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas the show initially dealt with the difficulty of being kind to people on a personal basis, the show ultimately focused on Angel's status as an <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetypal</a> <a href="/wiki/Champion" title="Champion">Champion</a> for humanity, and explored ideas such as moral ambiguity, the spiritual cost of violence, and the nature of <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a>. The enduring theme throughout the series was the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Redemption_(religious)" class="mw-redirect" title="Redemption (religious)">redemption</a>. </p><p><i>Angel</i> explored trust motifs as an increasingly central focus of the show. In the first two seasons, there were sprinklings of deceit and treachery, but in the last three seasons duplicity began to pervade the thematic structure, culminating in Season Five when almost every episode included some kind of double-cross, trickery, or illusion. An idea presented in Season Three was that even <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecy</a> can betray, as they are often deceiving if not plain lies. In Season Five, it is repeatedly emphasized that the characters can trust no one in their new situation. The series is also notable for harsh betrayals within the cast of main characters; such events often having lethal consequences. </p><p><i>Angel</i> depicted the feelings of loneliness, danger, and callousness often attributed to the urban Los Angeles megalopolis. The divisions between the ordered world of the day and the chaotic world of the night have been trademark themes of <i>noir</i> and by depicting a protagonist who literally has no daytime life, the series was able to explore these same themes in more dramatic, metaphorical ways. As the series progressed, the creators were able to explore darker aspects of the characters, particularly Angel, who commits a number of morally questionable actions, and periodically reverts to his evil persona <a href="/wiki/Angel_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Angelus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_media">Home media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Home media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The series was released to DVD, produced by <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Home_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox Home Entertainment">20th Century Fox Home Entertainment</a>, from 2001 to 2005. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">DVD</th> <th colspan="3">Original release date </th></tr> <tr> <th>US </th> <th>UK </th></tr> <tr> <td>The Complete First Season</td> <td>February 11, 2003</td> <td>December 10, 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Complete Second Season</td> <td>September 2, 2003</td> <td>April 15, 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Complete Third Season</td> <td>February 10, 2004</td> <td>March 3, 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Complete Fourth Season</td> <td>September 7, 2004</td> <td>March 1, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Complete Fifth Season</td> <td>February 15, 2005</td> <td>February 21, 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Special Collectors Set</td> <td>October 30, 2007</td> <td>October 30, 2006 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2009, the DVDs were repackaged into slimmer cases, which resemble regular DVD packaging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Critical response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> stated, "The LA-set spin-off to <i>Buffy</i> was initially dismissed as the original's poor cousin but gradually developed into a darkly entertaining show in its own right."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._ratings">U.S. ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: U.S. ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Viewership and ratings per season of <i>Angel</i></span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Season</th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Timeslot (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">ET</a>) </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Episodes </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">First aired </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Last aired</th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">TV season</th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Viewership<br />rank</th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><abbr title="Average">Avg.</abbr> viewers<br />(millions) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Viewers<br />(millions) </th> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Viewers<br />(millions) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angel_(season_1)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel (season 1)">1</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">Tuesday 9:00 pm</td> <td>22 </td> <td>October 5, 1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1999-10-05</span>)</span></td> <td>7.47<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 23, 2000<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2000-05-23</span>)</span></td> <td>4.52<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1999–2000 United States network television schedule">1999–2000</a></td> <td rowspan="1">123<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td rowspan="1">4.8<sup id="cite_ref-Audiences_USA_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Audiences_USA-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angel_(season_2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel (season 2)">2</a> </th> <td>22 </td> <td>September 26, 2000<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2000-09-26</span>)</span></td> <td>6.09<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 22, 2001<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2001-05-22</span>)</span></td> <td>4.84<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2000–01 United States network television schedule">2000–01</a></td> <td rowspan="1">125<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td rowspan="1">4.2<sup id="cite_ref-TV_Tango_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TV_Tango-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angel_(season_3)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel (season 3)">3</a> </th> <td rowspan="1">Monday 9:00 pm</td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 24, 2001<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2001-09-24</span>)</span></td> <td>5.01<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 20, 2002<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2002-05-20</span>)</span></td> <td>4.64<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2001–02 United States network television schedule">2001–02</a></td> <td rowspan="1">127<sup id="cite_ref-0102season_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0102season-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1">4.2<sup id="cite_ref-TV_Tango_season_3_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TV_Tango_season_3-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angel_(season_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel (season 4)">4</a> </th> <td rowspan="1">Sunday 9:00 pm <small>(1–7)</small> <br /> Wednesday 9:00 pm <small>(8–22)</small></td> <td>22 </td> <td>October 6, 2002<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2002-10-06</span>)</span></td> <td>4.57<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 7, 2003<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2003-05-07</span>)</span></td> <td>3.95<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2002–03 United States network television schedule">2002–03</a></td> <td rowspan="1">138<sup id="cite_ref-0203season_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0203season-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1">3.65<sup id="cite_ref-0203season_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0203season-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angel_(season_5)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel (season 5)">5</a> </th> <td rowspan="1">Wednesday 9:00 pm</td> <td>22 </td> <td>October 1, 2003<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2003-10-01</span>)</span></td> <td>5.16<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 19, 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2004-05-19</span>)</span></td> <td>5.31<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2003–04 United States network television schedule">2003–04</a></td> <td rowspan="1">162<sup id="cite_ref-0304season_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0304season-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="1">3.97<sup id="cite_ref-0304season_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0304season-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In two of the four seasons when both shows were in production, <i>Buffy</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s overall yearly ratings were higher than <i>Angel</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_and_Angel" title="List of awards and nominations received by Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel">List of awards and nominations received by Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel</a></div> <p><i>Angel</i> gathered a number of awards. the <a href="/wiki/International_Horror_Guild_Award" title="International Horror Guild Award">International Horror Guild Award</a> for Best Television in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It received many awards and nominations from the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a> which are presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films: it won Best Network TV Series in 2004 and <a href="/wiki/David_Boreanaz" title="David Boreanaz">David Boreanaz</a> won Best TV Actor in 2000, 2003, and 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specific episodes, "<a href="/wiki/Waiting_in_the_Wings_(Angel_episode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waiting in the Wings (Angel episode)">Waiting in the Wings</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Smile_Time" title="Smile Time">Smile Time</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Not_Fade_Away_(Angel_episode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Not Fade Away (Angel episode)">Not Fade Away</a>", were nominated for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Awards">Hugo Awards</a> for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form in 2003 and 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spin-offs">Spin-offs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Spin-offs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Angel</i>, itself a <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spinoff</a> from <i>Buffy</i>, has in turn inspired a whole "industry" of books, comics, and merchandise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expanded_universe">Expanded universe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Expanded universe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_comics" title="List of Angel comics">List of Angel comics</a></div> <p>Outside of the TV series, <i>Angel</i> has been officially expanded and elaborated on by authors and artists in the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Buffyverse" title="Buffyverse">Buffyverse</a> <a href="/wiki/Expanded_Universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded Universe">Expanded Universe</a>". The creators of these works may or may not keep to established continuity. Similarly, writers for the TV series were under no obligation to use information which had been established by the <a href="/wiki/Expanded_Universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded Universe">Expanded Universe</a> and sometimes contradicted such continuity. </p><p>Many of these works are set at particular times within the Buffyverse. For example, Joss Whedon has written an <i>Angel</i> mini-series of comics, <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Night%27s_Journey_(Angel_comic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Night's Journey (Angel comic)">Long Night's Journey</a></i>, which was specifically set in early <i>Angel</i> Season Two. <a href="/wiki/Angel_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel comics"><i>Angel</i> comics</a> were originally published by <a href="/wiki/Dark_Horse_Comics" title="Dark Horse Comics">Dark Horse Comics</a>, which published them from 2000 until 2002. <a href="/wiki/IDW_Publishing" title="IDW Publishing">IDW Publishing</a> obtained rights to publish <i>Angel</i> comics in 2005 and has been releasing them since. Spinning off from the <i>Angel</i> comics comes an entire series of <i>Spike</i> comics, using the <i>Angel</i> logo's typeface in its depiction of the name "Spike", among these are the comics <i><a href="/wiki/Spike_vs._Dracula" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike vs. Dracula">Spike vs. Dracula</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spike:_Asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike: Asylum">Spike: Asylum</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spike:_Shadow_Puppets" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike: Shadow Puppets">Spike: Shadow Puppets</a></i>. As of November 2007 to February 2009, the story of the series was continued canonically in lieu of a Season Six in a 17-issue maxi-series titled <i><a href="/wiki/Angel:_After_the_Fall" title="Angel: After the Fall">Angel: After the Fall</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lynch_(writer)" title="Brian Lynch (writer)">Brian Lynch</a> and plotted by both Lynch and Joss Whedon.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This spun off into numerous <i>Angel</i> titles set after the television series, of which all are now considered canon, until 2011 when <i>Angel</i> rights revert to Dark Horse Comics who began to publish <i>Angel</i> comics under the banner of <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Nine#Angel_.26_Faith" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine">Angel & Faith</a></i>. </p><p>Following their success with a series of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buffy novels"><i>Buffy</i> novels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocket_Books" title="Pocket Books">Pocket Books</a> purchased the license to produce novels for <i>Angel</i>. Twenty-four <a href="/wiki/Angel_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel novels"><i>Angel</i> novels</a> were published. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mariotte" title="Jeff Mariotte">Jeff Mariotte</a> became the most successful <i>Angel</i> novelist, publishing eleven <i>Angel</i> novels. They also published seven <a href="/wiki/Buffy/Angel_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffy/Angel novels"><i>Buffy</i>/<i>Angel</i> crossover books</a> that featured settings and characters from both series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undeveloped_spin-offs">Undeveloped spin-offs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Undeveloped spin-offs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Undeveloped_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_spinoffs" title="Undeveloped Buffy the Vampire Slayer spinoffs">Undeveloped Buffy the Vampire Slayer spinoffs</a></div> <p>In March 2006, Joss Whedon still talked of the possibility of a <a href="/wiki/Television_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Television movie">TV movie</a> involving Spike to be written and directed by Tim Minear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merchandise">Merchandise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Merchandise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Angel</i> has inspired magazines and companion books, as well as countless websites, online discussion forums, and works of <a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">fan fiction</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eden_Studios,_Inc." title="Eden Studios, Inc.">Eden Studios</a> have published an <a href="/wiki/Angel_(role-playing_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel (role-playing game)"><i>Angel</i> role-playing game</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vampire_television_series" title="List of vampire television series">List of vampire television series</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_Yeffeth2015" class="citation book cs1">Glenn Yeffeth (January 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-3kvBgAAQBAJ&q=angel+buffy+%22tragedy%22&pg=PA58"><i>Five Seasons Of Angel: Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Discuss Their Favorite Vampire</i></a>. BenBella Books, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781941631416" title="Special:BookSources/9781941631416"><bdi>9781941631416</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Five+Seasons+Of+Angel%3A+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Writers+Discuss+Their+Favorite+Vampire&rft.pub=BenBella+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.isbn=9781941631416&rft.au=Glenn+Yeffeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-3kvBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dangel%2Bbuffy%2B%2522tragedy%2522%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_NeillDavid_Schalkwyk2016" class="citation book cs1">Michael Neill; David Schalkwyk (August 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M9neDAAAQBAJ&q=angel+1999+%22tragedy%22&pg=PT735"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Tragedy</i></a>. BenBella Books, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191036156" title="Special:BookSources/9780191036156"><bdi>9780191036156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Shakespearean+Tragedy&rft.pub=BenBella+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2016-08-18&rft.isbn=9780191036156&rft.au=Michael+Neill&rft.au=David+Schalkwyk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM9neDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dangel%2B1999%2B%2522tragedy%2522%26pg%3DPT735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmiJo_ComefordTamy_Burnett2014" class="citation book cs1">AmiJo Comeford; Tamy Burnett (January 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=umkolQ2IEX4C&q=angel+1999+%22tragedy%22&pg=PA203"><i>The Literary Angel: Essays on Influences and Traditions Reflected in the Joss Whedon Series</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786457717" title="Special:BookSources/9780786457717"><bdi>9780786457717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Literary+Angel%3A+Essays+on+Influences+and+Traditions+Reflected+in+the+Joss+Whedon+Series&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.isbn=9780786457717&rft.au=AmiJo+Comeford&rft.au=Tamy+Burnett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DumkolQ2IEX4C%26q%3Dangel%2B1999%2B%2522tragedy%2522%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hulu.com/angel">"Angel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angel&rft.pub=Hulu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hulu.com%2Fangel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In episode "<a href="/wiki/Darla_(Angel_episode)" title="Darla (Angel episode)">Darla</a>", Cordelia says: "Angel Investigations, we help the hopeless."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreeneSchneider2017" class="citation web cs1">Greene, Steve; Schneider, Michael (September 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/2017/09/best-tv-spinoff-series-shows-1201878999/2/">"The 20 Best TV Spin-off Series of All Time, Ranked"</a>. <i>IndieWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=The+20+Best+TV+Spin-off+Series+of+All+Time%2C+Ranked&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2017%2F09%2Fbest-tv-spinoff-series-shows-1201878999%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2023" class="citation web cs1">Ford, Lucy (February 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/best-tv-spin-offs">"The 10 greatest TV spin-offs of all time, ranked"</a>. <i>GQ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GQ&rft.atitle=The+10+greatest+TV+spin-offs+of+all+time%2C+ranked&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq-magazine.co.uk%2Fculture%2Farticle%2Fbest-tv-spin-offs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2021" class="citation web cs1">Carr, Mary Kate (December 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/best-tv-spinoff-shows-ranked/#angel">"The 11 Best Television Spinoffs, Ranked"</a>. <i>Collider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=The+11+Best+Television+Spinoffs%2C+Ranked&rft.date=2021-12-26&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Mary+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fbest-tv-spinoff-shows-ranked%2F%23angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurland2022" class="citation web cs1">Kurland, Daniel (September 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/tv-spinoffs-better-than-original-show/#angel">"10 TV Spin-Offs That Were Better Than The Original Show"</a>. <i>CBR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBR&rft.atitle=10+TV+Spin-Offs+That+Were+Better+Than+The+Original+Show&rft.date=2022-09-19&rft.aulast=Kurland&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Ftv-spinoffs-better-than-original-show%2F%23angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvline.com/lists/best-tv-spinoffs-young-sheldon-ncis-family-matters/angel/">"TV's 30 Best Spinoffs: Better Call Saul, Angel, Family Matters, Frasier, Xena, Chicago P.D., Private Practice and More"</a>. <i>TVLine</i>. January 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVLine&rft.atitle=TV%27s+30+Best+Spinoffs%3A+Better+Call+Saul%2C+Angel%2C+Family+Matters%2C+Frasier%2C+Xena%2C+Chicago+P.D.%2C+Private+Practice+and+More&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvline.com%2Flists%2Fbest-tv-spinoffs-young-sheldon-ncis-family-matters%2Fangel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INSERT_NAME-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INSERT_NAME_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various authors, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.restlessbtvs.com/trivia/category/behind-the-scenes/sets-and-locations/">Sets and Locations</a>", <i>The Ultimate Buffy and Angel Trivia Guide</i> (updated 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Episode, "City of", <i>Angel</i> (1999). Angel says: "Los Angeles. You see it at night and it shines. Like a beacon. People are drawn to it. People and other things. They come for all sorts of reasons."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Havens, Candace, <i>Joss Whedon: The Genius Behind Buffy</i> Benbella Books (May 1, 2003), p101-102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Topping, Keith, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_guidebooks#"Hollywood_Vampire"" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buffyverse guidebooks">Hollywood Vampire</a></i>, (3rd edition, includes Season 4) <i>Virgin Books</i> (2004), page 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jacob-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jacob_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob, Benjamin, "Los Angelus: The City of Angel", from Abbot, Stacey (editor), <i><a href="/wiki/Reading_Angel:_The_TV_Spin-off_With_a_Soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Angel: The TV Spin-off With a Soul">Reading Angel</a></i>, <i>I. B. Tauris</i> (September 22, 2005), page 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jacob80-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jacob80_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob, Benjamin, "Los Angelus: The City of Angel", from Abbot, Stacey (editor), <i>Reading Angel</i>, <i>I. B. Tauris</i> (September 22, 2005), page 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jacob83-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jacob83_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob, Benjamin, "Los Angelus: The City of Angel", from Abbot, Stacey (editor), <i>Reading Angel</i>, <i>I. B. Tauris</i> (September 22, 2005), page 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">""Inside the Agency" featurette <i>Angel</i> Season 2 DVD set, disc 3 (2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/angel/EP00317395">"Angel"</a>. Zap2it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angel&rft.pub=Zap2it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvlistings.zap2it.com%2Ftv%2Fangel%2FEP00317395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyner,_Adam2004" class="citation web cs1">Tyner, Adam (February 11, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/9479/angel-season-three/">"Angel - Season Three"</a>. DVD Talk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angel+-+Season+Three&rft.pub=DVD+Talk&rft.date=2004-02-11&rft.au=Tyner%2C+Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvdtalk.com%2Freviews%2F9479%2Fangel-season-three%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman,_Eric2007" class="citation web cs1">Goldman, Eric (October 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/11/01/angel-collectors-set">"Angel (Collector's Set)"</a>. <i>IGN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Angel+%28Collector%27s+Set%29&rft.date=2007-10-31&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F11%2F01%2Fangel-collectors-set&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyner,_Adam2004" class="citation web cs1">Tyner, Adam (September 5, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/12183/angel-season-four/">"Angel - Season Four"</a>. DVD Talk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angel+-+Season+Four&rft.pub=DVD+Talk&rft.date=2004-09-05&rft.au=Tyner%2C+Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvdtalk.com%2Freviews%2F12183%2Fangel-season-four%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blondegirl-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blondegirl_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Billson, Anne, <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer (BFI TV Classics S.)</i>. British Film Institute (December 5, 2005), pp24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term 'Buffyverse' is used amongst fans of <i>Buffy/Angel</i> online to describe the fictional universe established by <i>Buffy/Angel</i>. It is also used in published materials such: Walton, Andy, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/TV/05/19/buffy.sidebar/">Slang-age in the Buffyverse</a>", <i>CNN</i> (February 18, 2004 ), and the book, Ouellette, Jennifer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.about.com/od/physicsbooks/gr/buffyverse.htm"><i>Physics of the Buffyverse</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129150018/http://physics.about.com/od/physicsbooks/gr/buffyverse.htm">Archived</a> November 29, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Penguin Books</i> (January 2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Havens, Candace, <i>Joss Whedon: The Genius Behind Buffy</i> Benbella Books (May 1, 2003), p103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bassom, David, "Buffy, Angel and Me", from <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer magazine</i> #12 (UK, September 2000), page 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Said, SF', "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shebytches.com/SFSaidgb.html">Interview with Joss Whedon by SF Said</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430050551/http://www.shebytches.com/SFSaidgb.html">Archived</a> April 30, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Shebytches.com</i> (2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Havens, Candace, <i>Joss Whedon: The Genius Behind Buffy</i> Benbella Books (May 1, 2003), p102 (quote from Greenwalt)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topping-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topping_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topping_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Topping, Keith, <i>Hollywood Vampire</i>, (3rd edition, includes Season 4) <i>Virgin Books</i> (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, Maryelizabeth & Holder, Nancy & Mariotte, Jeff, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_guidebooks#"Casefiles"" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buffyverse guidebooks">Casefiles</a></i>, <i>Pocket Books</i> (May 2002), page 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, Maryelizabeth & Holder, Nancy & Mariotte, Jeff, <i>Casefiles</i>, <i>Pocket Books</i> (May 2002), page 43-44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Topping, Keith, <i>Hollywood Vampire</i>, (3rd edition, includes Season 4) <i>Virgin Books</i> (2004), pages 18–19. Also see: Greenwalt, David & Whedon, Joss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twiztv.com/scripts/angel/season1/angel-earlydraft.htm">Angel pilot, early draft</a> <i>20th Century Fox</i> (1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dilullo, Tara, "Where are they now? Max Perlich" in "Buffy the Vampire Slayer Magazine" #62, <i>Titan Magazines</i> (July 2004 issue), pages 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whedonimdb-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whedonimdb_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whedonimdb_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Various authors, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0923736/">Joss Whedon</a>", <i>Internet Movie Database</i> (updated 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various authors, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0339264/">David Greenwalt</a>", <i>Internet Movie Database</i> (updated 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whedon.info/A-Brief-History-of-Mutant-Enemy.html">"A Brief History of Mutant Enemy"</a>. <i>Whedon.info</i>. May 24, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whedon.info&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Mutant+Enemy&rft.date=2004-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whedon.info%2FA-Brief-History-of-Mutant-Enemy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various authors, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0476900/">Fran Kuzui</a>" and "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0476901/">Kaz Kuzui</a>", <i>Internet Movie Database</i> (updated 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Angel Complete Fifth Series</i> DVD Boxset.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerns, Dan, "Angel by the Numbers", from Yeffeth, Gareth (editor), <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Seasons_of_%22Angel%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Seasons of "Angel"">Five Seasons of "Angel"</a></i>, <i>Benbella</i>(October 2004), p25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Kerns, Dan, "Angel by the Numbers", from Yeffeth, Gareth (editor), <i>Five Seasons of "Angel"</i>, <i>Benbella</i>(October 2004), p25, and Golden, Christopher, and Holder, Nancy, <i>Watcher's Guide Vol. 1</i>. Simon & Schuster (October 1, 1998), "Gail Berman and Fran Kuzui came to [Whedon] to ask if he wanted to do the TV series" (p241). Also see <i>Watcher's Guide Vol. 1</i>, pp246–249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various authors, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0162065/fullcredits">Full Cast and Crew for <i>Angel</i></a>", <i>Internet Movie Database</i> (updated 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-espensonwriting-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-espensonwriting_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-espensonwriting_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Espenson, Jane, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireflyfans.net/firefly/espenson.htm">The Writing Process</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011095900/http://fireflyfans.net/firefly/espenson.htm">Archived</a> October 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Fireflyfans.net</i> (2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AngelHART, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://websites.cable.ntl.com/%7Efraxis/the_ww/old/features/thomas.html">Interview – Jymm Thomas of Darling Violetta – interviewed by Angelheart</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009171307/http://websites.cable.ntl.com/~fraxis/the_ww/old/features/thomas.html">Archived</a> October 9, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Watchers Web</i> (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKJB2004" class="citation web cs1">KJB (February 14, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/02/14/breaking-news-angel-to-end-after-5-seasons-updated">"Breaking News: Angel to End After 5 Seasons UPDATED"</a>. <i>IGN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Breaking+News%3A+Angel+to+End+After+5+Seasons+UPDATED&rft.date=2004-02-14&rft.au=KJB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2004%2F02%2F14%2Fbreaking-news-angel-to-end-after-5-seasons-updated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whedon, Joss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bronzebeta.com/Archive/Joss/Joss20040214.htm">Online post</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180643/http://www.bronzebeta.com/Archive/Joss/Joss20040214.htm">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Bronzebeta</i> (February 14, 2004). Archived version.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Jensen, Jeff (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014023413/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,637917,00.html">"Why the <i>Buffy,</i> <i>Angel</i> creator is ditching TV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ew.com/article/2004/05/21/why-buffy-angel-creator-ditching-tv">the original</a> on October 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Why+the+Buffy%2C+Angel+creator+is+ditching+TV.&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Farticle%2F2004%2F05%2F21%2Fwhy-buffy-angel-creator-ditching-tv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/03/04/ign-filmforce-exclusive-angel-producers-confirm-upn-decision">"IGN FilmForce Exclusive: Angel Producers Confirm UPN Decision"</a>. <i>IGN</i>. March 3, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=IGN+FilmForce+Exclusive%3A+Angel+Producers+Confirm+UPN+Decision&rft.date=2004-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2004%2F03%2F04%2Fign-filmforce-exclusive-angel-producers-confirm-upn-decision&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whedon.info/A-Brief-History-of-Mutant-Enemy.html">"A Brief History of Mutant Enemy"</a>. Whedon.info. May 24, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Mutant+Enemy&rft.pub=Whedon.info&rft.date=2004-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whedon.info%2FA-Brief-History-of-Mutant-Enemy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mikejozic.com/buffyweek6.html">"MEANWHILE Interviews... Buffy Post Mortem"</a>. Mikejozic.com. September 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511081943/http://www.mikejozic.com/buffyweek6.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEANWHILE+Interviews...+Buffy+Post+Mortem&rft.pub=Mikejozic.com&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mikejozic.com%2Fbuffyweek6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2016" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Will (April 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/james-marsters-on-dudes-dragons-the-end-of-angel-an-1798246497">"James Marsters on Dudes & Dragons, the end of Angel, and having fun with John Barrowman"</a>. <i>The A.V. Club</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=James+Marsters+on+Dudes+%26+Dragons%2C+the+end+of+Angel%2C+and+having+fun+with+John+Barrowman&rft.date=2016-04-10&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Fjames-marsters-on-dudes-dragons-the-end-of-angel-an-1798246497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ioy20210930-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ioy20210930_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsters2021" class="citation podcast cs1">Marsters, James (September 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4VyMNLJYxs">"The CHARISMA CARPENTER Side Effects of JAMES MARSTERS Taking a Role in Angel"</a>. <i>Inside of You</i> (Podcast). YouTube<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CHARISMA+CARPENTER+Side+Effects+of+JAMES+MARSTERS+Taking+a+Role+in+Angel&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2021-09-30&rft.aulast=Marsters&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DK4VyMNLJYxs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Season 1 featurette" <i>Angel</i> Season 1 DVD set, disc 3 (2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Episode "<a href="/wiki/Dear_Boy_(Angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dear Boy (Angel)">Dear Boy</a>", <i>Angel</i> (2000). Wesley says of Angel, "Oh he's eccentric, all the great ones are. Sherlock Holmes, Philip Marlowe."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/Players_(Angel_episode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Players (Angel episode)">Players (Angel episode)</a>", <i>20th Century Fox</i> (2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes,_Sarah2009" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, Sarah (May 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/buffys-creator-makes-his-valley-of-the-dolls-1684993.html">"Buffy's creator makes his valley of the dolls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090516232132/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/buffys-creator-makes-his-valley-of-the-dolls-1684993.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Buffy%27s+creator+makes+his+valley+of+the+dolls&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Ffeatures%2Fbuffys-creator-makes-his-valley-of-the-dolls-1684993.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41320606/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (Oct. 4–10)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 13, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28Oct.+4%E2%80%9310%29&rft.date=1999-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41320606%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41380070/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (May. 22-28)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28May.+22-28%29&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41380070%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Audiences_USA-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Audiences_USA_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audiencesusa.com/article-retrospective-buffy-contre-les-vampires-38533079.html">"Rétrospective Buffy Contre Les Vampires"</a> (in French). Audiences USA. December 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9trospective+Buffy+Contre+Les+Vampires&rft.pub=Audiences+USA&rft.date=2010-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiencesusa.com%2Farticle-retrospective-buffy-contre-les-vampires-38533079.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41304069/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (Sep. 25–Oct. 1)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 4, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28Sep.+25%E2%80%93Oct.+1%29&rft.date=2000-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41304069%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41486974/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (May. 21-27)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. June 1, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28May.+21-27%29&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41486974%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TV_Tango-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TV_Tango_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvtango.com/series/angel_1999/episodes?filters%5Bday%5D=&filters%5Bseason%5D=2&filters%5Bbroadcast%5D=All&filters%5Bmedia%5D=&commit.x=15&commit.y=10">"Episode List: Angel"</a>. TV Tango<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episode+List%3A+Angel&rft.pub=TV+Tango&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvtango.com%2Fseries%2Fangel_1999%2Fepisodes%3Ffilters%255Bday%255D%3D%26filters%255Bseason%255D%3D2%26filters%255Bbroadcast%255D%3DAll%26filters%255Bmedia%255D%3D%26commit.x%3D15%26commit.y%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41486712/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (Sep. 23–29)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 3, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28Sep.+23%E2%80%9329%29&rft.date=2001-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41486712%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41463925/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (May. 20-26)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. May 30, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28May.+20-26%29&rft.date=2002-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41463925%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0102season-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0102season_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/2002/2002-05-28-year-end-chart.htm">"How did your favorite show rate?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. May 28, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=How+did+your+favorite+show+rate%3F&rft.date=2002-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Ftelevision%2F2002%2F2002-05-28-year-end-chart.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TV_Tango_season_3-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TV_Tango_season_3_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvtango.com/series/angel_1999/episodes?filters%5Bday%5D=&filters%5Bseason%5D=3&filters%5Bbroadcast%5D=All&filters%5Bmedia%5D=&commit.x=20&commit.y=19">"Episode List: Angel"</a>. TV Tango<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episode+List%3A+Angel&rft.pub=TV+Tango&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvtango.com%2Fseries%2Fangel_1999%2Fepisodes%3Ffilters%255Bday%255D%3D%26filters%255Bseason%255D%3D3%26filters%255Bbroadcast%255D%3DAll%26filters%255Bmedia%255D%3D%26commit.x%3D20%26commit.y%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41465924/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (Sept. 30–Oct. 6)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 9, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28Sept.+30%E2%80%93Oct.+6%29&rft.date=2002-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41465924%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41430219/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (May. 5-11)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. May 14, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28May.+5-11%29&rft.date=2003-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41430219%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0203season-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-0203season_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-0203season_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.tv/browse_thread/thread/ee82c0640bcaeb06/82c78e0fe7710443?lnk=st&q=nielsen+top+156&rnum=1#82c78e0fe771044">"Nielsen's TOP 156 Shows for 2002–03"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nielsen%27s+TOP+156+Shows+for+2002%E2%80%9303&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.arts.tv%2Fbrowse_thread%2Fthread%2Fee82c0640bcaeb06%2F82c78e0fe7710443%3Flnk%3Dst%26q%3Dnielsen%2Btop%2B156%26rnum%3D1%2382c78e0fe771044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41426688/the-los-angeles-times/">"National Nielsen Viewership (Sep. 29–Oct. 5)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. October 8, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Nielsen+Viewership+%28Sep.+29%E2%80%93Oct.+5%29&rft.date=2003-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F41426688%2Fthe-los-angeles-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707100905/http://abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=052504_07">"Weekly Program Rankings From 05/17/04 Through 05/23/04"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> Medianet</i>. May 25, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=052504_07">the original</a> on July 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Medianet&rft.atitle=Weekly+Program+Rankings+From+05%2F17%2F04+Through+05%2F23%2F04&rft.date=2004-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcmedianet.com%2Fweb%2Fdnr%2FdispDNR.aspx%3Fid%3D052504_07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0304season-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-0304season_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-0304season_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930171419/http://www.abcmedianet.com/Web/progcal/dispDNR.aspx?id=060204_12">"I. T. R. S. Ranking Report: 01 Thru 210"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> Medianet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcmedianet.com/Web/progcal/dispDNR.aspx?id=060204_12">the original</a> on September 30, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I.+T.+R.+S.+Ranking+Report%3A+01+Thru+210&rft.pub=ABC+Medianet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abcmedianet.com%2FWeb%2Fprogcal%2FdispDNR.aspx%3Fid%3D060204_12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Topping, Keith, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_guidebooks#"Hollywood_Vampire"" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buffyverse guidebooks">Hollywood Vampire</a></i>, (3rd edition, includes Season 4) <i>Virgin Books</i> (2004), page 360: "During [November–December 2002], <i>Angel</i> was getting slightly higher ratings than <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy</a></i>, aided by a new Sunday-slot and the popular series <i><a href="/wiki/Charmed" title="Charmed">Charmed</a></i> as its lead-in show."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007214312/http://www.horroraward.org/prevrec.html">"IHG Award Recipients"</a>. International Horror Guild. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horroraward.org/prevrec.html#2000">the original</a> on October 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IHG+Award+Recipients&rft.pub=International+Horror+Guild&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horroraward.org%2Fprevrec.html%232000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStafford,_Nikki2004" class="citation book cs1">Stafford, Nikki (November 15, 2004). <i>Once Bitten: An Unofficial Guide to the World of Angel</i>. ECW Press. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Once+Bitten%3A+An+Unofficial+Guide+to+the+World+of+Angel&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.au=Stafford%2C+Nikki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddytv.com/info/david-boreanaz-info.aspx">"David Boreanaz Biography"</a>. BuddyTV<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Boreanaz+Biography&rft.pub=BuddyTV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddytv.com%2Finfo%2Fdavid-boreanaz-info.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190606160052/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2003-hugo-awards/">"2003 Hugo Awards"</a>. The Hugo Awards. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2003-hugo-awards/">the original</a> on June 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2003+Hugo+Awards&rft.pub=The+Hugo+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F2003-hugo-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113112735/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/credits/">"2005 Hugo Awards"</a>. The Hugo Awards. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/credits/">the original</a> on January 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2005+Hugo+Awards&rft.pub=The+Hugo+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2Fcredits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngel+%281999+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=110401">IDWEEK: Brian Lynch talks Spike and Angel</a> Newsarama <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070428030336/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=110401">Archived</a> April 28, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=110457">IDWEEK: Joss Whedon talks Angel, After The Fall</a> Newsarama <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429040155/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=110457">Archived</a> April 29, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_and_Angel" title="List of awards and nominations received by Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel">Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(film)" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">TV series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_episodes" title="List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes">Episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unaired_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_pilot" title="Unaired Buffy the Vampire Slayer pilot">Unaired pilot</a></li> <li>Seasons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_season_1" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_season_2" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_season_3" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_season_4" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_season_5" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_season_6" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_season_7" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_home_video_releases" title="List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer home video releases">Home video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_comics" title="List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Eight" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight">Season Eight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Nine" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine">Season Nine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Ten" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten">Season Ten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Twelve" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Twelve">Season Twelve</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(Boom!_Studios)" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (Boom! Studios)">Boom! Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_novels" title="List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer novels">Novels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angel</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes" title="List of Angel episodes">Episodes</a></li> <li>Seasons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_1" title="Angel season 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_2" title="Angel season 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_3" title="Angel season 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_4" title="Angel season 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_5" title="Angel season 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_comics" title="List of Angel comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angel:_After_the_Fall" title="Angel: After the Fall">After the Fall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spike_(IDW_Publishing)" title="Spike (IDW Publishing)">Spike</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_novels" title="List of Angel novels">Novels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_Summers" title="Buffy Summers">Buffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xander_Harris" title="Xander Harris">Xander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Rosenberg" title="Willow Rosenberg">Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_Chase" title="Cordelia Chase">Cordelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Giles" title="Rupert Giles">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Kendall" title="Harmony Kendall">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oz_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Oz (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anya_Jenkins" title="Anya Jenkins">Anya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Wyndam-Pryce" title="Wesley Wyndam-Pryce">Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_Finn" title="Riley Finn">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Maclay" title="Tara Maclay">Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Summers" title="Dawn Summers">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Francis_Doyle" title="Allen Francis Doyle">Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gunn_(Angel)" title="Charles Gunn (Angel)">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winifred_Burkle" title="Winifred Burkle">Fred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaka_Fray" title="Melaka Fray">Fray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connor_(Angel)" title="Connor (Angel)">Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyria_(Angel)" title="Illyria (Angel)">Illyria</a></li> <li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_characters" title="List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer characters"><i>Buffy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_characters" title="List of Angel characters"><i>Angel</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recurring</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Summers" title="Joyce Summers">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darla_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Darla (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Darla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Calendar" title="Jenny Calendar">Jenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Snyder" title="Principal Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Drusilla (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Drusilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Levinson" title="Jonathan Levinson">Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Faith (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Lockley" title="Kate Lockley">Kate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfrek" title="Halfrek">Halfrek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wells" title="Andrew Wells">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Wood_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Robin Wood (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Kennedy (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsu_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Satsu (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Satsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Angel_characters" title="List of minor Angel characters">List of minor <i>Angel</i> characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Master (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">The Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Mayor (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">The Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Adam (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Glory (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Evil" title="First Evil">The First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hoffryn" title="D'Hoffryn">D'Hoffryn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anointed_One_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Anointed One (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Anointed One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Madison" title="Amy Madison">Amy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Walsh" title="Maggie Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mears" title="Warren Mears">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trio_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Trio (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">The Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Caleb (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Caleb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bad" title="Big Bad">Big Bads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_villains_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Buffyverse villains and supernatural beings">Monsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slayer_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Slayer (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Slayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnydale" title="Sunnydale">Sunnydale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Vampire (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer)" title="Watcher (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)">Watchers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fray_(comics)" title="Fray (comics)">Fray</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undeveloped_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_spinoffs" title="Undeveloped Buffy the Vampire Slayer spinoffs">Undeveloped spinoffs</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy:_The_Animated_Series" title="Buffy: The Animated Series">Buffy: The Animated Series</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Collectible_Card_Game" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Collectible Card Game">Card game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_comics" title="List of Buffyverse comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffyverse_literature" title="List of Buffyverse literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunnydale_High_Yearbook" title="Sunnydale High Yearbook">High School yearbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffyverse_role-playing_games" title="Buffyverse role-playing games">Role-playing games</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Roleplaying_Game" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Roleplaying Game">Buffy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angel_Roleplaying_Game" title="Angel Roleplaying Game">Angel</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_and_Angel" title="Music in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer:_The_Album" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Album">The Album</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_More,_with_Feeling_(Buffy_soundtrack)" title="Once More, with Feeling (Buffy soundtrack)">Once More, with Feeling</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer:_Radio_Sunnydale_%E2%80%93_Music_from_the_TV_Series" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Radio Sunnydale – Music from the TV Series">Radio Sunnydale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer:_The_Score" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Score">The Score</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_video_games" title="List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(2000_video_game)" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2000 video game)"><i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i> (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(2002_video_game)" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2002 video game)"><i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i> (2002)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer:_Wrath_of_the_Darkhul_King" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Wrath of the Darkhul King">Wrath of the Darkhul King</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer:_Chaos_Bleeds" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Chaos Bleeds">Chaos Bleeds</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buffy_studies" title="Buffy studies"><i>Buffy</i> studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_and_Philosophy" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Philosophy">Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Philosophy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fighting_the_Forces" title="Fighting the Forces">Fighting the Forces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reading_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Reading the Vampire Slayer">Reading the Vampire Slayer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Seasons_of_Buffy" title="Seven Seasons of Buffy">Seven Seasons of Buffy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slayer_Slang" title="Slayer Slang">Slayer Slang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Televised_Morality" title="Televised Morality">Televised Morality</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Would_Buffy_Do%3F" title="What Would Buffy Do?">What Would Buffy Do?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Buffy_Matters" title="Why Buffy Matters">Why Buffy Matters</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fandom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffering_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffering the Vampire Slayer"><i>Buffering the Vampire Slayer</i> podcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unofficial_Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_productions" title="Unofficial Buffy the Vampire Slayer productions">Fan productions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_in_popular_culture" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whedonverse_(comics)" title="Whedonverse (comics)">Whedonverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whedonesque.com" title="Whedonesque.com">Whedonesque.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Buffyverse" title="Category:Buffyverse">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Angel_episodes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angel_episodes" title="Template:Angel episodes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angel_episodes" title="Template talk:Angel episodes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angel_episodes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angel episodes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angel_episodes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Angel</i></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_episodes" title="List of Angel episodes">episodes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_1" title="Angel season 1">Season 1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/City_Of" title="City Of">City Of</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lonely_Hearts_(Angel)" title="Lonely Hearts (Angel)">Lonely Hearts</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rm_w/a_Vu" title="Rm w/a Vu">Rm w/a Vu</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sense_%26_Sensitivity" title="Sense & Sensitivity">Sense & Sensitivity</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Will_Remember_You_(Angel)" title="I Will Remember You (Angel)">I Will Remember You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hero_(Angel)" title="Hero (Angel)">Hero</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somnambulist_(Angel)" title="Somnambulist (Angel)">Somnambulist</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/She_(Angel)" title="She (Angel)">She</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Angel)" title="Sanctuary (Angel)">Sanctuary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/War_Zone_(Angel)" title="War Zone (Angel)">War Zone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blind_Date_(Angel)" title="Blind Date (Angel)">Blind Date</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Shanshu_in_L.A." title="To Shanshu in L.A.">To Shanshu in L.A.</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_2" title="Angel season 2">Season 2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Are_You_Now_or_Have_You_Ever_Been" title="Are You Now or Have You Ever Been">Are You Now or Have You Ever Been</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Guise_Will_Be_Guise" title="Guise Will Be Guise">Guise Will Be Guise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Darla_(Angel_episode)" title="Darla (Angel episode)">Darla</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shroud_of_Rahmon" title="The Shroud of Rahmon">The Shroud of Rahmon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(Angel)" title="The Trial (Angel)">The Trial</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Reunion_(Angel)" title="Reunion (Angel)">Reunion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Anniversary_(Angel)" title="Happy Anniversary (Angel)">Happy Anniversary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Thin_Dead_Line" title="The Thin Dead Line">The Thin Dead Line</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Reprise_(Angel)" title="Reprise (Angel)">Reprise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dead_End_(Angel)" title="Dead End (Angel)">Dead End</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow_(Angel)" title="Over the Rainbow (Angel)">Over the Rainbow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Through_the_Looking_Glass_(Angel)" title="Through the Looking Glass (Angel)">Through the Looking Glass</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_3" title="Angel season 3">Season 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Vision_Thing" title="That Vision Thing">That Vision Thing</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Carpe_Noctem_(Angel)" title="Carpe Noctem (Angel)">Carpe Noctem</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fredless" title="Fredless">Fredless</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Billy_(Angel)" title="Billy (Angel)">Billy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Quickening_(Angel)" title="Quickening (Angel)">Quickening</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dad_(Angel)" title="Dad (Angel)">Dad</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Birthday_(Angel)" title="Birthday (Angel)">Birthday</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Waiting_in_the_Wings_(Angel)" title="Waiting in the Wings (Angel)">Waiting in the Wings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Couplet_(Angel)" title="Couplet (Angel)">Couplet</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyalty_(Angel)" title="Loyalty (Angel)">Loyalty</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sleep_Tight_(Angel)" title="Sleep Tight (Angel)">Sleep Tight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Forgiving_(Angel)" title="Forgiving (Angel)">Forgiving</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Price_(Angel)" title="The Price (Angel)">The Price</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_New_World_(Angel)" title="A New World (Angel)">A New World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Benediction_(Angel)" title="Benediction (Angel)">Benediction</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_(Angel)" title="Tomorrow (Angel)">Tomorrow</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_4" title="Angel season 4">Season 4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ground_State_(Angel)" title="Ground State (Angel)">Ground State</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_House_Always_Wins" title="The House Always Wins">The House Always Wins</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slouching_Toward_Bethlehem_(Angel)" title="Slouching Toward Bethlehem (Angel)">Slouching Toward Bethlehem</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Supersymmetry_(Angel)" title="Supersymmetry (Angel)">Supersymmetry</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spin_the_Bottle_(Angel)" title="Spin the Bottle (Angel)">Spin the Bottle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Apocalypse,_Nowish" title="Apocalypse, Nowish">Apocalypse, Nowish</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soulless_(Angel)" title="Soulless (Angel)">Soulless</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Salvage_(Angel)" title="Salvage (Angel)">Salvage</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Release_(Angel)" title="Release (Angel)">Release</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orpheus_(Angel)" title="Orpheus (Angel)">Orpheus</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Players_(Angel)" title="Players (Angel)">Players</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Inside_Out_(Angel)" title="Inside Out (Angel)">Inside Out</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shiny_Happy_People_(Angel)" title="Shiny Happy People (Angel)">Shiny Happy People</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(Angel)" title="Sacrifice (Angel)">Sacrifice</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peace_Out" title="Peace Out">Peace Out</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Home_(Angel)" title="Home (Angel)">Home</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angel_season_5" title="Angel season 5">Season 5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Conviction_(Angel)" title="Conviction (Angel)">Conviction</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_Bound_(Angel)" title="Hell Bound (Angel)">Hell Bound</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cautionary_Tale_of_Numero_Cinco" title="The Cautionary Tale of Numero Cinco">The Cautionary Tale of Numero Cinco</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Angel)" title="Lineage (Angel)">Lineage</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Destiny_(Angel)" title="Destiny (Angel)">Destiny</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soul_Purpose_(Angel)" title="Soul Purpose (Angel)">Soul Purpose</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Welcome_(Angel)" title="You're Welcome (Angel)">You're Welcome</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Smile_Time" title="Smile Time">Smile Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Hole_in_the_World" title="A Hole in the World">A Hole in the World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Underneath_(Angel)" title="Underneath (Angel)">Underneath</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Time_Bomb_(Angel)" title="Time Bomb (Angel)">Time Bomb</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_in_Question" title="The Girl in Question">The Girl in Question</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Power_Play_(Angel)" title="Power Play (Angel)">Power Play</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Not_Fade_Away_(Angel)" title="Not Fade Away (Angel)">Not Fade Away</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joss_Whedon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joss_Whedon" title="Template:Joss Whedon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joss_Whedon" title="Template talk:Joss Whedon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joss_Whedon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joss Whedon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joss_Whedon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon_filmography" title="Joss Whedon filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Joss Whedon's unrealized projects">Unrealized projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(TV_series)" title="Firefly (TV series)">Firefly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dollhouse_(TV_series)" title="Dollhouse (TV series)">Dollhouse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agents_of_S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.">Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nevers" title="The Nevers">The Nevers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(film)" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alien_Resurrection" title="Alien Resurrection">Alien Resurrection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titan_A.E." title="Titan A.E.">Titan A.E.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantis:_The_Lost_Empire" title="Atlantis: The Lost Empire">Atlantis: The Lost Empire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabin_in_the_Woods" title="The Cabin in the Woods">The Cabin in the Woods</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Your_Eyes_(2014_film)" title="In Your Eyes (2014 film)">In Your Eyes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_(film)" title="Justice League (film)">Justice League</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_Justice_League_(film)" title="Production of Justice League (film)">production</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(2005_film)" title="Serenity (2005 film)">Serenity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing_(2012_film)" title="Much Ado About Nothing (2012 film)">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Age_of_Ultron" title="Avengers: Age of Ultron">Avengers: Age of Ultron</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fray_(comics)" title="Fray (comics)">Fray</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Slayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tales of the Slayers">Tales of the Slayers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Vampires" class="mw-redirect" title="Tales of the Vampires">Tales of the Vampires</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(comics)" title="Serenity (comics)">Serenity</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenity:_Those_Left_Behind" title="Serenity: Those Left Behind">Those Left Behind</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenity:_Better_Days" title="Serenity: Better Days">Better Days</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer comics">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Eight" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight">Season 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Nine" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine">Season 9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Ten" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten">Season 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_Season_Twelve" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Twelve">Season 12: The Reckoning</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angel_comics" title="List of Angel comics"><i>Angel</i></a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angel:_After_the_Fall" title="Angel: After the Fall">After the Fall</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astonishing_X-Men" title="Astonishing X-Men">Astonishing X-Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Runaways_(comics)" title="Runaways (comics)">Runaways</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sugarshock!" title="Sugarshock!">Sugarshock!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Brand" title="Abigail Brand">Abigail Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Armor (Marvel Comics character)">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blindfold_(comics)" title="Blindfold (comics)">Blindfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger_Room#Sentience" title="Danger Room">Danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavita_Rao" title="Kavita Rao">Kavita Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klara_Prast" title="Klara Prast">Klara Prast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ord_(comics)" title="Ord (comics)">Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildie_Soames" title="Tildie Soames">Tildie Soames</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Horrible%27s_Sing-Along_Blog" title="Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog">Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Whedon" title="John Whedon">John Whedon</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Whedon" title="Tom Whedon">Tom Whedon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jed_Whedon" title="Jed Whedon">Jed Whedon</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_Whedon" title="Zack Whedon">Zack Whedon</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurissa_Tancharoen" title="Maurissa Tancharoen">Maurissa Tancharoen</a> (sister-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellwether_Pictures" title="Bellwether Pictures">Bellwether Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutant_Enemy_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutant Enemy Productions">Mutant Enemy Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whedonesque.com" title="Whedonesque.com">Whedonesque.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whedonverse_(comics)" title="Whedonverse (comics)">Whedonverse (comics)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_WB" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_WB" title="Template:The WB"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_WB" title="Template talk:The WB"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_WB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The WB"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_WB" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Original programming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_The_WB" title="List of programs broadcast by The WB">Full list</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_The_WB_100%2B_Station_Group" title="List of programs broadcast by The WB 100+ Station Group">The WB 100+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_WB" title="Kids' WB">Kids' WB</a> (1995–2006) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Kids%27_WB" title="List of programs broadcast by Kids' WB">programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_WB_Specials" title="Kids' WB Specials">specials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW_Daytime" title="The CW Daytime">The WB Daytime</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s debuts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/7th_Heaven_(TV_series)" title="7th Heaven (TV series)">7th Heaven</a></i> (1996–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alright_Already_(TV_series)" title="Alright Already (TV series)">Alright Already</a></i> (1997–98)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angel</a></i> (1999–2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Army_Show" title="The Army Show">The Army Show</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brotherly_Love_(1995_TV_series)" title="Brotherly Love (1995 TV series)">Brotherly Love</a></i> (1996–97)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> (1997–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charmed" title="Charmed">Charmed</a></i> (1998–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleghorne!" title="Cleghorne!">Cleghorne!</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Creek" title="Dawson's Creek">Dawson's Creek</a></i> (1998–2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felicity_(TV_series)" title="Felicity (TV series)">Felicity</a></i> (1998–2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Time_Out" title="First Time Out">First Time Out</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_Your_Love_(TV_series)" title="For Your Love (TV series)">For Your Love</a></i> (1998–2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Bay" title="Hyperion Bay">Hyperion Bay</a></i> (1998–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invasion_America" title="Invasion America">Invasion America</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_%26_Jill_(TV_series)" title="Jack & Jill (TV series)">Jack & Jill</a></i> (1999–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jamie_Foxx_Show" title="The Jamie Foxx Show">The Jamie Foxx Show</a></i> (1996–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katie_Joplin" title="Katie Joplin">Katie Joplin</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Kelly_(TV_series)" title="Kelly Kelly (TV series)">Kelly Kelly</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirk_(TV_series)" title="Kirk (TV series)">Kirk</a></i> (1995–96)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_with_Roger" title="Life with Roger">Life with Roger</a></i> (1996–97)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_Hill_(TV_series)" title="Mission Hill (TV series)">Mission Hill</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Movie_Stars_(TV_series)" title="Movie Stars (TV series)">Movie Stars</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscle_(TV_series)" title="Muscle (TV series)">Muscle</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Freno:_Licensed_Teacher" title="Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher">Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher</a></i> (1996–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parent_%27Hood" title="The Parent 'Hood">The Parent 'Hood</a></i> (1995–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popular_(TV_series)" title="Popular (TV series)">Popular</a></i> (1999–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rescue_77" title="Rescue 77">Rescue 77</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roswell_(TV_series)" title="Roswell (TV series)">Roswell</a></i> (1999–2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Safe_Harbor_(1999_TV_series)" title="Safe Harbor (1999 TV series)">Safe Harbor</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savannah_(TV_series)" title="Savannah (TV series)">Savannah</a></i> (1996–97)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sister,_Sister_(TV_series)" title="Sister, Sister (TV series)">Sister, Sister</a></i> (1995–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smart_Guy" title="Smart Guy">Smart Guy</a></i> (1997–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Steve_Harvey_Show" title="The Steve Harvey Show">The Steve Harvey Show</a></i> (1996–2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_(TV_series)" title="Three (TV series)">Three</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tom_Show" title="The Tom Show">The Tom Show</a></i> (1997–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wayans_Bros." title="The Wayans Bros.">The Wayans Bros.</a></i> (1995–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unhappily_Ever_After" title="Unhappily Ever After">Unhappily Ever After</a></i> (1995–99)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You%27re_the_One_(TV_series)" title="You're the One (TV series)">You're the One</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoe,_Duncan,_Jack_and_Jane" title="Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane">Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane</a></i> (1999–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s debuts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All_About_the_Andersons" title="All About the Andersons">All About the Andersons</a></i> (2003–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baby_Blues_(American_TV_series)" title="Baby Blues (American TV series)">Baby Blues</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Geek_(American_TV_series)" title="Beauty and the Geek (American TV series)">Beauty and the Geek</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bedford_Diaries" title="The Bedford Diaries">The Bedford Diaries</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Prey_(TV_series)" title="Birds of Prey (TV series)">Birds of Prey</a></i> (2002–03)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Sash_(TV_series)" title="Black Sash (TV series)">Black Sash</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Collar_TV" title="Blue Collar TV">Blue Collar TV</a></i> (2004–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brutally_Normal" title="Brutally Normal">Brutally Normal</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D.C._(TV_series)" title="D.C. (TV series)">D.C.</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Last" title="Dead Last">Dead Last</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Over" title="Do Over">Do Over</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drew_Carey%27s_Green_Screen_Show" title="Drew Carey's Green Screen Show">Drew Carey's Green Screen Show</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Everwood" title="Everwood">Everwood</a></i> (2002–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Affair_(2002_TV_series)" title="Family Affair (2002 TV series)">Family Affair</a></i> (2002–03)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gilmore_Girls" title="Gilmore Girls">Gilmore Girls</a></i> (2000–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glory_Days_(2002_TV_series)" title="Glory Days (2002 TV series)">Glory Days</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greetings_from_Tucson" title="Greetings from Tucson">Greetings from Tucson</a></i> (2002–03)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_(TV_series)" title="Grosse Pointe (TV series)">Grosse Pointe</a></i> (2000–01)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grounded_for_Life" title="Grounded for Life">Grounded for Life</a></i> (2003–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Help_(TV_series)" title="The Help (TV series)">The Help</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_School_Reunion_(TV_series)" title="High School Reunion (TV series)">High School Reunion</a></i> (2003–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hype_(TV_series)" title="Hype (TV series)">Hype</a></i> (2000–01)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_%26_Bobby" title="Jack & Bobby">Jack & Bobby</a></i> (2004–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jamie_Kennedy_Experiment" title="The Jamie Kennedy Experiment">The Jamie Kennedy Experiment</a></i> (2002–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Just_Legal" title="Just Legal">Just Legal</a></i> (2005–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Like_Family" title="Like Family">Like Family</a></i> (2003–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_with_Fran" title="Living with Fran">Living with Fran</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maybe_It%27s_Me_(TV_series)" title="Maybe It's Me (TV series)">Maybe It's Me</a></i> (2001–02)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Men" title="Modern Men">Modern Men</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain_(TV_series)" title="The Mountain (TV series)">The Mountain</a></i> (2004–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Guide_to_Becoming_a_Rock_Star" title="My Guide to Becoming a Rock Star">My Guide to Becoming a Rock Star</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikki_(TV_series)" title="Nikki (TV series)">Nikki</a></i> (2000–02)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oblongs" title="The Oblongs">The Oblongs</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Off_Centre" title="Off Centre">Off Centre</a></i> (2001–02)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_O%27Keefes" title="The O'Keefes">The O'Keefes</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Spot_(2003_TV_series)" title="On the Spot (2003 TV series)">On the Spot</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Tree_Hill_(TV_series)" title="One Tree Hill (TV series)">One Tree Hill</a></i> (2003–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepper_Dennis" title="Pepper Dennis">Pepper Dennis</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_PJs" title="The PJs">The PJs</a></i> (2000–01)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars USA</a></i> (2001–03)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raising_Dad" title="Raising Dad">Raising Dad</a></i> (2001–02)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reba_(TV_series)" title="Reba (TV series)">Reba</a></i> (2001–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Related" title="Related">Related</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Run_of_the_House" title="Run of the House">Run of the House</a></i> (2003–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_the_Teenage_Witch_(1996_TV_series)" title="Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)">Sabrina the Teenage Witch</a></i> (2000–03)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smallville" title="Smallville">Smallville</a></i> (2001–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starlet" title="The Starlet">The Starlet</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Harvey%27s_Big_Time_Challenge" title="Steve Harvey's Big Time Challenge">Steve Harvey's Big Time Challenge</a></i> (2003–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studio_7" title="Studio 7">Studio 7</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summerland_(TV_series)" title="Summerland (TV series)">Summerland</a></i> (2004–05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(American_TV_series)" title="Supernatural (American TV series)">Supernatural</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superstar_USA" title="Superstar USA">Superstar USA</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Surreal_Life" title="The Surreal Life">The Surreal Life</a></i> (2003–04)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Survival_of_the_Richest" title="Survival of the Richest">Survival of the Richest</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan_(2003_TV_series)" title="Tarzan (2003 TV series)">Tarzan</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twins_(TV_series)" title="Twins (TV series)">Twins</a></i> (2005–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_I_Like_About_You_(TV_series)" title="What I Like About You (TV series)">What I Like About You</a></i> (2002–06)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_(TV_series)" title="Young Americans (TV series)">Young Americans</a></i> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_WB_affiliates" title="List of former WB affiliates">Affiliate list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribune_Broadcasting" title="Tribune Broadcasting">Tribune Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_WB_100%2B_Station_Group" title="The WB 100+ Station Group">The WB 100+ Station Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_Entertainment_Network" title="Prime Time Entertainment Network">Prime Time Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_WB" title="History of The WB">History of The WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Interest_and_Syndication_Rules" title="Financial Interest and Syndication Rules">Financial Interest and Syndication Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_J._Frog" title="Michigan J. Frog">Michigan J. Frog</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Season_Finale_(book)" title="Season Finale (book)">Season Finale: The Unexpected Rise and Fall of The WB and UPN</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Television">Warner Bros. Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Television_Series" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Network_Television_Series" title="Template:Saturn Award for Best Network Television Series"><abbr title="View this 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Trek: The Next Generation</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i> (1989/90)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Shadows_(1991_TV_series)" title="Dark Shadows (1991 TV series)">Dark Shadows</a></i> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lois_%26_Clark:_The_New_Adventures_of_Superman" title="Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman">Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1995_TV_series)" title="The Outer Limits (1995 TV series)">The Outer Limits</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Now_and_Again" title="Now and Again">Now and Again</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Alias_(TV_series)" title="Alias (TV series)">Alias</a></i> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angel</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/CSI:_Crime_Scene_Investigation" title="CSI: Crime Scene Investigation">CSI: Crime Scene Investigation</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a></i> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Heroes_(American_TV_series)" title="Heroes (American TV series)">Heroes</a></i> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a></i> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fringe_(TV_series)" title="Fringe (TV series)">Fringe</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fringe_(TV_series)" title="Fringe (TV series)">Fringe</a></i> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_(TV_series)" title="Revolution (TV series)">Revolution</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_(TV_series)" title="Hannibal (TV series)">Hannibal</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_(TV_series)" title="Revolution (TV series)">Revolution</a></i> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_(TV_series)" title="Hannibal (TV series)">Hannibal</a></i> (2014)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212156#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/180825083">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4668509-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007381983305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Angel"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/332a6602-7ddf-4435-9434-4824315bba7d">MusicBrainz work</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&oldid=1256140391">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_(1999_TV_series)&oldid=1256140391</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_American_television_series_debuts" title="Category:1999 American television series debuts">1999 American television series debuts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_American_television_series_endings" title="Category:2004 American television series endings">2004 American television series endings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_American_drama_television_series" title="Category:1990s American drama television series">1990s American drama television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_American_horror_television_series" title="Category:1990s American horror television series">1990s American horror television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_American_supernatural_television_series" title="Category:1990s American supernatural television series">1990s American supernatural television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_American_drama_television_series" title="Category:2000s American drama television series">2000s American drama television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_American_horror_television_series" title="Category:2000s American horror television series">2000s American horror television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_American_supernatural_television_series" title="Category:2000s American supernatural television series">2000s American supernatural television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_action_television_series" title="Category:American action television series">American action television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_fantasy_drama_television_series" title="Category:American fantasy drama television series">American fantasy drama television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_television_spin-offs" title="Category:American television spin-offs">American television spin-offs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Angel_(1999_TV_series)" title="Category:Angel (1999 TV series)">Angel (1999 TV series)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Apocalyptic_television_series" title="Category:Apocalyptic television series">Apocalyptic television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Demons_in_television" title="Category:Demons in television">Demons in television</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_English-language_television_shows" title="Category:American English-language television shows">American English-language television shows</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occult_detective_fiction" title="Category:Occult detective fiction">Occult detective fiction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romantic_fantasy_television_series" title="Category:Romantic fantasy television series">Romantic fantasy television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saturn_Award%E2%80%93winning_television_series" title="Category:Saturn Award–winning television series">Saturn Award–winning television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serial_drama_television_series" title="Category:Serial drama television series">Serial drama television series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Speculative_crime_and_thriller_fiction" 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