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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2000–2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004–2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004–2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2004–2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004–2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008–2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2008–2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012–2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012–2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>2012–2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012–2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016–2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016–2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>2016–2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016–2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>2020–2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>2024–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Executive branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legislative branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_of_political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_of_political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classification of political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_of_political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latest_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latest_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Latest elections</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latest_elections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Latest elections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latest_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>European Parliament election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Legislative election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chamber_of_Deputies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chamber_of_Deputies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Chamber of Deputies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chamber_of_Deputies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Local election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Judicial branch</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Judicial_branch-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Romania</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سياسات رومانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياسات رومانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Палітыка Румыніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палітыка Румыніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Държавно устройство на Румъния – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавно устройство на Румъния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m_Rumunska" title="Politický systém Rumunska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Politický systém Rumunska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisches_System_Rum%C3%A4niens" title="Politisches System Rumäniens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politisches System Rumäniens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Rumania" title="Política de Rumania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Política de Rumania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_en_Roumanie" title="Politique en Roumanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique en Roumanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politica_della_Romania" title="Politica della Romania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Politica della Romania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="פוליטיקה של רומניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוליטיקה של רומניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumunijos_politin%C4%97_sistema" title="Rumunijos politinė sistema – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rumunijos politinė sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politiek_in_Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Politiek in Roemenië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Politiek in Roemenië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanias_politiske_system" title="Romanias politiske system – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romanias politiske system" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustr%C3%B3j_polityczny_Rumunii" title="Ustrój polityczny Rumunii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ustrój polityczny Rumunii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politica_Rom%C3%A2niei" title="Politica României – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Politica României" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Государственный строй Румынии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственный строй Румынии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_shtet%C3%ABror_n%C3%AB_Rumani" title="Sistemi shtetëror në Rumani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi shtetëror në Rumani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="羅馬尼亞政治 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅馬尼亞政治" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1154091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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org">Politics of Romania</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Politica României</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="970" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania" title="Coat of arms of Romania">Coat of arms of Romania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Polity type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constitution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution of Romania</a> (1991)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative branch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meeting place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Parliament" title="Palace of the Parliament">Palace of the Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presiding officer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Abrudean" title="Mircea Abrudean">Mircea Abrudean</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">President of the Senate</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Romania)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Romania)">Chamber of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presiding officer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ciprian-Constantin_%C8%98erban" title="Ciprian-Constantin Șerban">Ciprian-Constantin Șerban</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive branch</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Direct popular vote</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">President</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Ciolacu_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Ciolacu Cabinet">Ciolacu Cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Prime Minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Deputy Prime Minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">President</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Palace" title="Victoria Palace">Victoria Palace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ministries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania#Ministries" title="Government of Romania">18</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judicial branch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Judiciary of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">High Court of Cassation and Justice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chief judge</th><td class="infobox-data">Corina Corbu</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court</a></td></tr></tbody></table> 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics of Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="970" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Referendums <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1991_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1991 Romanian constitutional referendum">1991 <span style="font-size:85%;">(adoption)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="2003 Romanian constitutional referendum">2003 <span style="font-size:85%;">(amendments)</span></a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Acting President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Romania" title="List of presidents of Romania">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Romania" title="List of heads of government of Romania">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Cabinet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Ciolacu_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Ciolacu Cabinet">current</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_governments" title="List of Romanian governments">list</a>)</li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bureau_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="Standing Bureau of the Senate of Romania">Standing Bureau</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of Romania">Chamber of Deputies</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ciprian-Constantin_%C8%98erban" title="Ciprian-Constantin Șerban">Ciprian-Constantin Șerban</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bureau_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" title="Standing Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania">Standing Bureau</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">High Court of Cassation and Justice</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Ombudsman" title="Romanian Ombudsman">Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_judicial_reform" title="Romanian judicial reform">Judicial reform</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Parliamentary <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PSD)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(AUR)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PNL)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(USR)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(SOS-RO)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Young_People" title="Party of Young People">Party of Young People</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(POT)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UDMR)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romanian_ethnic_minority_parties" title="Romanian ethnic minority parties">Other ethnic-minority parties</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <ul><li>Non-parliamentary <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">People's Movement Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PMP)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/PRO_Romania" title="PRO Romania">PRO Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PRO)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PRM)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist Party of Romania">Ecologist Party of Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PER)</span></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Electoral_Authority_(Romania)" title="Permanent Electoral Authority (Romania)">Permanent Electoral Authority</a></li> <li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2019_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2019 Romanian presidential election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Romanian presidential election"><s>2024</s></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2025 Romanian presidential election"><i>2025</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Legislative: <a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Romanian parliamentary election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Romanian parliamentary election">2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="Next Romanian parliamentary election">Next</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_local_elections" title="2020 Romanian local elections">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_local_elections" title="2024 Romanian local elections">2024</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2028_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2028 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Romania">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">2024</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2029_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2029 European Parliament election in Romania (page does not exist)"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macroregions_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroregions of Romania">Macroregions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_regions_of_Romania" title="Development regions of Romania">Development regions</a></li> <li>:<a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_in_Romania" title="Metropolitan areas in Romania">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li>:<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Romania">Municipalities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">Sectors</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Romania">Cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Romania" title="Communes of Romania">Communes</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China–Romania relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Romania–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Moldova–Romania relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Romania–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Romania–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Romania">Embassies</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_politicians" title="List of Romanian politicians">Politicians</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="List of heads of state of Romania">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Romania_by_time_in_office" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Romania by time in office">Presidents by time in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/17px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/26px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/34px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Romania portal</a></li></ul></div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/17px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/26px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/34px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Romania" title="Template:Politics of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Politics of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Romania's political framework is a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential</a> representative <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> while the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a>, according to the Constitution, has at least in theory a more symbolic role, is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, signs certain decrees, approves laws promulgated by the parliament, and nominates the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a>). Romania has <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a> with a dominant <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two-party system</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative power</a> vested in the government and the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">two chambers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a>, more specifically the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Romania)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Romania)">Chamber of Deputies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> is <a href="/wiki/Judicial_independence" title="Judicial independence">independent</a> of the executive and the legislature in theory. From 1948 until 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">communist rule</a> political structure took place in the framework of a one-party socialist republic governed by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> (PCR) as its only legal party. </p><p>Romania's <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">1991 constitution</a> (amended in 2003) proclaims it a democratic and social republic, deriving its <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> from the people. According to the constitution, "Human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values." </p><p>The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court</a>, and a separate court system which includes the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">High Court of Cassation and Justice</a>. The right to vote is granted to all citizens over 18 years of age. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> rated Romania as a "<a href="/wiki/Defective_democracy" title="Defective democracy">flawed democracy</a>" in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2025, it could be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regime" title="Hybrid regime">hybrid regime</a> behind a constitutional facade.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romania was fully admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Schengen area">Schengen area</a> on 1 January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_since_1989">History since 1989</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History since 1989"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romania has made considerable progress in institutionalizing <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic principles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>, and respect for <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">December 1989</a>. Nevertheless, many present-day Romanian politicians are former members of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> (PCR) and have also had ties with the Romanian secret police (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Securitate" title="Securitate">Securitatea</a>). Since membership in the party was a requirement for advancement before 1989, many people joined to get ahead rather than because of ideological conviction; however, the communist past of some Romanian politicians remains highly controversial to the current day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–1992"><span id="1990.E2.80.931992"></span>1990–1992</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1990–1992"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg/220px-RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg/330px-RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg/440px-RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>An anti-communist and anti-FSN rally in University square in Bucharest</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mineriad_in_early_1990_Bucharest_Palatul_Victoriei_5.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Demonstration in front of large, square building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mineriad_in_early_1990_Bucharest_Palatul_Victoriei_5.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Mineriad_in_early_1990_Bucharest_Palatul_Victoriei_5.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mineriad_in_early_1990_Bucharest_Palatul_Victoriei_5.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Mineriad_in_early_1990_Bucharest_Palatul_Victoriei_5.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mineriad_in_early_1990_Bucharest_Palatul_Victoriei_5.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Mineriad_in_early_1990_Bucharest_Palatul_Victoriei_5.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption>February 1990 Mineriad taking place near <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Palace" title="Victoria Palace">Victoria Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Romanian Communist Party (PCR) officially ceased to exist after the December 1989 Romanian Revolution. An <a href="/wiki/Ad_interim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad interim">ad interim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> government swiftly took office starting in late December 1989 which consisted of <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a> (FSN) members and would eventually govern Romania well up until 1992. The FSN had initially not decided to run in the 1990 elections but subsequently retracted their initial position and opted to participate in the <a href="/wiki/1990_Romanian_general_election" title="1990 Romanian general election">1990 Romanian general election</a>, having the full support of state-owned media and an overwhelming majority of the voters during the electoral campaign, thereby eventually securing a landslide win. </p><p>Prior to the 1990 Romanian general election, over 200 new political parties sprang up just after 1989, most of them gravitating towards their leaders rather than revolving around political programmes or full-fledged <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> agendas. Nevertheless, all major political parties espoused democracy and free market reforms to varying degrees or extents. The largest political party by far, the governing <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a> (FSN), proposed slow, cautious economic reforms, and an artificial, weak <a href="/wiki/Social_safety_net" title="Social safety net">social safety net</a> (mostly for the working class of the still operating factories of the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industries</a>). </p><p>In stark contrast, the main opposition parties, more specifically the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL) and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party</a> (PNŢCD), favoured rapid, sweeping economic reforms, immediate <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> (which would have caused a <a href="/wiki/Shock_therapy_(economics)" title="Shock therapy (economics)">shock therapy</a>) as well as a drastic reduction and even total exclusion of former Communist Party (PCR) members from public Romanian political life. Apart from PCR members, the early demands of the Romanian historical democratic parties were also the reduction of the undercover members of the former <a href="/wiki/Securitate" title="Securitate">Securitate</a> (which could have been PCR members as well) from all areas of public life (thereby endorsing the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Proclamation of Timișoara">Proclamation of Timișoara</a> and the lustration law against the former Romanian secret police). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Romanian_general_election" title="1990 Romanian general election">1990 presidential and legislative elections</a>, the FSN and its presidential candidate, <a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a>, won with a large majority of the votes (67.02 and 85.07 percent, respectively). The strongest opposition parties in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a> were the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarian minority-oriented</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a> (UDMR/RMDSZ) (with 7.20 percent) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL) (with 7.06 percent), followed by the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party</a> (PNȚCD) with only 2.50 percent and the <a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist Party of Romania">Romanian Ecologist Party</a> (with only 1.38 percent) as well other minor centre-right parties (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Union%E2%80%93Br%C4%83tianu" title="Liberal Union–Brătianu">Liberal Union–Brătianu</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Reconstruction_Party_of_Romania" title="National Reconstruction Party of Romania">National Reconstruction Party of Romania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Group_of_the_Centre" title="Democratic Group of the Centre">Democratic Group of the Centre</a>) with less than one percent. </p><p>After FSN Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Petre_Roman" title="Petre Roman">Petre Roman</a>'s dismissal a few months before the 1992 general elections (following a late 1991 <a href="/wiki/Mineriad" title="Mineriad">Mineriad</a>), the FSN split in two. President Iliescu's supporters formed a new political party, namely the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Democratic National Salvation Front</a> (FDSN) which will later turn into PDSR and then PSD, while Roman's supporters retained the FSN name (which will later turn into PD and then PDL respectively). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992–1996"><span id="1992.E2.80.931996"></span>1992–1996</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1992–1996"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_parties_in_Romania_after_1989_(2018).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Political_parties_in_Romania_after_1989_%282018%29.png/220px-Political_parties_in_Romania_after_1989_%282018%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Political_parties_in_Romania_after_1989_%282018%29.png/330px-Political_parties_in_Romania_after_1989_%282018%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Political_parties_in_Romania_after_1989_%282018%29.png/440px-Political_parties_in_Romania_after_1989_%282018%29.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="1226" /></a><figcaption>Flow chart depicting a detailed list of the political parties active in Romania since 1990, along with their afferent secessions and fusions/mergers.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1992 local, <a href="/wiki/1992_Romanian_general_election" title="1992 Romanian general election">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1992_Romanian_general_election" title="1992 Romanian general election">presidential</a> elections indicated a major political rift between the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">urban centres</a> and the countryside. Rural voters, grateful for the restoration of most agricultural land to farmers but fearful of change, strongly favoured President Iliescu and the FDSN; the urban electorate favoured the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Democratic_Convention" title="Romanian Democratic Convention">CDR</a> (a coalition of several parties – the strongest of which were the PNŢCD and the PNL – and several other civic organizations as well) and quicker reform. Iliescu easily won re-election from a field of five other candidates, and the FDSN won a plurality/relative majority of seats in both chambers of the Romanian Parliament. </p><p>With the CDR, the second-largest parliamentary group, reluctant to participate in a national-unity coalition, the FDSN (now the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">PDSR</a>) formed a government under prime minister and economist <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a> with parliamentary support on behalf of the nationalists <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Unity_Party" title="Romanian National Unity Party">Romanian National Unity Party</a> (PUNR) and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a> (PRM) as well as the extreme left-wing <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Labour" title="Socialist Party of Labour">Socialist Party of Labour</a> (PSM) led by former PCR Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Verde%C8%9B" title="Ilie Verdeț">Ilie Verdeț</a>. The future coalition would be labeled by the press as the "<a href="/wiki/Red_Quadrilateral" title="Red Quadrilateral">Red Quadrilateral</a>" (originally known in Romanian as <i>Patrulaterul Roșu</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1994, the governing coalition's stability became problematic when the PUNR threatened to withdraw its support unless it received cabinet portfolios. After intense negotiations, two PUNR members received cabinet portfolios in the Văcăroiu government in August of the same year. The following month, the incumbent Justice Minister also joined the PUNR. Nevertheless, subsequently, the PRM and the PSM left the coalition in October and December 1995, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996–2000"><span id="1996.E2.80.932000"></span>1996–2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1996–2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1996_Romanian_local_elections" title="1996 Romanian local elections">1996 local elections</a> indicated a major shift in the political orientation of the Romanian electorate, with opposition parties sweeping Bucharest and most of the larger cities in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>. The trend continued in that year's <a href="/wiki/1996_Romanian_general_election" title="1996 Romanian general election">legislative</a> and <a href="/wiki/1996_Romanian_general_election" title="1996 Romanian general election">presidential</a> elections when the opposition dominated the cities and made strong inroads into rural areas previously dominated by President Iliescu and the PDSR (which lost many voters in their traditional stronghold constituencies outside Transylvania). </p><p>The opposition campaign emphasized the need to squelch corruption and introduce economic reform favouring liberalization and the free market. This message resonated with voters, resulting in a historical victory for the CDR coalition and the election of <a href="/wiki/Emil_Constantinescu" title="Emil Constantinescu">Emil Constantinescu</a> as president (partly due to <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Coposu" title="Corneliu Coposu">Corneliu Coposu</a>'s death as well). To secure its electoral majority, the CDR invited Petre Roman's <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Party (Romania)">Democratic Party</a> (the former FSN) and the UDMR/RMDSZ (representing the Hungarian minority) to join the government. Although over the next four years, Romania had three prime ministers (and despite internal frictions), the governing parties preserved their coalition and initiated a series of much-needed reforms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–2004"><span id="2000.E2.80.932004"></span>2000–2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000–2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Constantinescu stated in 2000 that he is no longer running for a second term, claiming that the system had defeated him. The CDR-led coalition with its new candidate <a href="/wiki/Mugur_Is%C4%83rescu" title="Mugur Isărescu">Mugur Isărescu</a> lost the first round of presidential elections held in November 2000 as a result of popular dissatisfaction with infighting among the constituent parties during the preceding four years and the economic hardship brought about by structural reforms. In the second round, Ion Iliescu, running again as the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> (PSD) candidate, won by a wide margin over extreme nationalist <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a> (PRM) candidate <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Vadim_Tudor" title="Corneliu Vadim Tudor">Corneliu Vadim Tudor</a>. Iliescu subsequently appointed <a href="/wiki/Adrian_N%C4%83stase" title="Adrian Năstase">Adrian Năstase</a> Prime Minister. In the Parliament, the PSD government (like its predecessor) relied on the support of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">UDMR/RMDSZ</a>, which did not join the cabinet but negotiated annual packages of legislation and other measures favouring Romania's ethnic Hungarians (essentially through a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply agreement</a>). </p><p>Năstase, in his four years as prime minister, continued the previous government's pro-Western foreign policy. The period was characterized by political stability unprecedented in post-communist Romania and consistent economic growth. Romania joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in the spring of 2004 and signed an accession treaty to join the EU in 2007. However, the PSD government was plagued by allegations of corruption which would be significant factors in its eventual defeat in local and <a href="/wiki/2004_Romanian_general_election" title="2004 Romanian general election">national elections in 2004</a>. </p><p>In September 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Party (Romania)">Democratic Party</a> (PD) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL) formed an electoral alliance, more specifically the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Truth_Alliance" title="Justice and Truth Alliance">Justice and Truth</a> (DA) Alliance, as a mainstream opposition bloc to the ruling PSD. The DA Alliance agreed, among other measures, to vote as a bloc in the parliament and local councils and run common candidates in national and local elections. In October 2003, the country held a referendum on several constitutional amendments deemed necessary for EU accession. The amendments included provisions to allow foreigners to own land in Romania and to change the president's term from four to five years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004–2008"><span id="2004.E2.80.932008"></span>2004–2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2004–2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a>, the then-leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Party (Romania)">Democratic Party</a> (PD), won the <a href="/wiki/2004_Romanian_general_election" title="2004 Romanian general election">presidential election</a> by a narrow margin. Băsescu subsequently appointed former national liberal leader <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu</a> as prime minister. Popescu-Tăriceanu headed a government composed of the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Party (Romania)">PD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">UDMR/RMDSZ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania)" title="Conservative Party (Romania)">PC</a> (formerly known as the Romanian Humanist Party or PUR).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to secure a parliamentary majority, the coalition government relied on the support of 18 parliamentary seats reserved for ethnic-minority representatives. </p><p>The government's narrow majority in the Parliament led to calls for early elections. In July 2005, Prime Minister Popescu-Tăriceanu voiced plans to resign, prompting new elections; he then backtracked, noting his and the cabinet's need to focus on relief efforts for summer floods. During its first year, the government was also tested by a successfully resolved hostage crisis involving three Romanian journalists kidnapped in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avian_influenza" title="Avian influenza">avian influenza</a> in several parts of the country, transmitted by wild birds migrating from Asia. </p><p>The government's overriding objective was the <a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">accession of Romania to the European Union</a> (EU), and on 1 January 2007 Romania became the 26th member of the EU. The government also maintained good relations with the United States, signing an agreement in December 2005 which would allow American troops to train and serve at several <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romanian military</a> facilities. Băsescu and Popescu-Tăriceanu pledged to combat high-level corruption and implement broader reforms to modernize sectors such as the judicial system and healthcare. </p><p>On 19 April 2007, the Romanian Parliament suspended President Băsescu on charges of unconstitutional conduct. The suspension, passed by a 322–108 vote, opened the way for a <a href="/wiki/2007_Romanian_presidential_impeachment_referendum" title="2007 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum">national referendum on impeachment</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which failed by a large popular vote, and as such Băsescu was reinstated as President. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–2012"><span id="2008.E2.80.932012"></span>2008–2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2008–2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The November 2008 parliamentary elections were close, with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democrats</a> (PSD) winning 33.9 percent of the vote, President Traian Băsescu's centre-right <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)">Liberal Democrats</a> (PDL) taking 32.34 percent, and the ruling <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberals</a> (PNL) receiving 18.6 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liberal Democrats and Social Democrats formed a coalition after the election. Former prime minister Theodor Stolojan withdrew his candidacy for the premiership and President Băsescu nominated <a href="/wiki/Emil_Boc" title="Emil Boc">Emil Boc</a>, president of the Liberal Democrats, as prime minister. </p><p>With the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, the Romanian political scene saw tensions between the president and the prime minister on the one hand as well as between the general population on the other hand. Tensions escalated with a <a href="/wiki/2012_Romanian_constitutional_crisis" title="2012 Romanian constitutional crisis">2012 political crisis</a> and another attempt to impeach President Băsescu. In the <a href="/wiki/2012_Romanian_presidential_impeachment_referendum" title="2012 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum">referendum</a>, more than 7.4 million people (nearly 90 percent) supported Băsescu's removal from office. However, the Constitutional Court invalidated the referendum because the majority of the population did not vote (the voter turnout was 46%); Băsescu had called the referendum a <i><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a></i> and asked the public to boycott it. All these events have been heavily criticized by international political figures, most notably by German chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–2016"><span id="2012.E2.80.932016"></span>2012–2016</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2012–2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_Nationala_IMG_6855.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Biblioteca_Nationala_IMG_6855.JPG/220px-Biblioteca_Nationala_IMG_6855.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Biblioteca_Nationala_IMG_6855.JPG/330px-Biblioteca_Nationala_IMG_6855.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Biblioteca_Nationala_IMG_6855.JPG/440px-Biblioteca_Nationala_IMG_6855.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Protest against <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99ia_Montan%C4%83_Project" title="Roșia Montană Project">Roșia Montană Project</a> in Bucharest in 2013, taking place near the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Romania" title="National Library of Romania">National Library of Romania</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universitatea_Bucuresti_IMG_6678.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large demonstration, with many tricolor (vertical blue, gold and red) Romanian flags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Universitatea_Bucuresti_IMG_6678.JPG/250px-Universitatea_Bucuresti_IMG_6678.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Universitatea_Bucuresti_IMG_6678.JPG/330px-Universitatea_Bucuresti_IMG_6678.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Universitatea_Bucuresti_IMG_6678.JPG/500px-Universitatea_Bucuresti_IMG_6678.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2783" /></a><figcaption>The 2013 protests against the Roșia Montană Project turned into an anti-government social movement.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2012_Romanian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Romanian legislative election">legislative elections of 9 December 2012</a> were seen by the public as an opportunity for change and to oust Băsescu. The <a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Union" title="Social Liberal Union">Social Liberal Union</a> (USL) received a large majority in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate (60.07 and 58.61 percent of the vote, respectively) and a record 395 seats. The new prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Victor Ponta</a>, quickly formed a government but the failure to adopt reforms quickly triggered a wave of <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932015_unrest_in_Romania" title="2012–2015 unrest in Romania">protests</a> against a government seen as not fulfilling the promises of the 2012 electoral campaign. Two other projects of national interest (shale drilling and the <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99ia_Montan%C4%83" title="Roșia Montană">Roșia Montană</a> mining project) unleashed <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99ia_Montan%C4%83_protests" title="Roșia Montană protests">more protests</a>. The demonstrations, initially ecological in focus, became anti-government protests. </p><p>In early 2014, the PNL broke away from the USL and entered opposition. Along with the PDL, the PNL formed the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Liberal_Alliance" title="Christian Liberal Alliance">Christian Liberal Alliance</a> (ACL) to support the candidature of <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a> and later agreed on a future merger that would retain the name of the National Liberal Party (PNL). Iohannis won a surprise victory in front of the incumbent PM Victor Ponta in the second round of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2014 Romanian presidential election">2014 presidential elections</a>, by a margin of 54.43%.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, many <a href="/wiki/Romanian_diaspora" title="Romanian diaspora">voters abroad</a> were rightfully angry because they were not all given the right to cast their ballots, which represented one of the key reasons for Ponta's defeat. </p><p>In late 2015, <a href="/wiki/2015_Romanian_protests" title="2015 Romanian protests">another series of nationwide protests</a> ultimately prompted Prime Minister Victor Ponta's resignation. Shortly afterward, President Iohannis appointed then <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a>-<a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">technocrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who led a likewise independent-technocratic government between late 2015 and early 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016–2020"><span id="2016.E2.80.932020"></span>2016–2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2016–2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_against_corruption_-_Bucharest_2017_-_Piata_Universitatii_-_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Protest_against_corruption_-_Bucharest_2017_-_Piata_Universitatii_-_5.jpg/220px-Protest_against_corruption_-_Bucharest_2017_-_Piata_Universitatii_-_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Protest_against_corruption_-_Bucharest_2017_-_Piata_Universitatii_-_5.jpg/330px-Protest_against_corruption_-_Bucharest_2017_-_Piata_Universitatii_-_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Protest_against_corruption_-_Bucharest_2017_-_Piata_Universitatii_-_5.jpg/440px-Protest_against_corruption_-_Bucharest_2017_-_Piata_Universitatii_-_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1631" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Massive anti-corruption protest in Bucharest in January 2017 against the then-ruling <a href="/wiki/Grindeanu_Cabinet" title="Grindeanu Cabinet">PSD-ALDE socialist government</a> led by former PM <a href="/wiki/Sorin_Grindeanu" title="Sorin Grindeanu">Sorin Grindeanu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2016_Romanian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Romanian legislative election">legislative elections of 11 December 2016</a> saw a predictable comeback of the PSD as the major party in the Romanian Parliament, as most opinion polls gave them an electoral score of at least 40%. Alongside <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_(Romania)" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)">ALDE</a> (a main splinter group from the PNL), the PSD initially formed a governing coalition under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sorin_Grindeanu" title="Sorin Grindeanu">Sorin Grindeanu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2017, <a href="/wiki/2017_Romanian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Romanian protests">a series of massive nationwide protests</a> (the greatest in Romania's history) requested Grindeanu's resignation and early elections because of the government's secret procedure of giving an ordinance modifying the Penal Code and Penal Procedure Code on the night of 31 January. The PM along with the entire government refused to step down but decided to withdraw the decrees that started the protests on 5 February at the protests' peak. </p><p>Approximately four months later, tensions arose between PM Sorin Grindeanu and PSD leader <a href="/wiki/Liviu_Dragnea" title="Liviu Dragnea">Liviu Dragnea</a>, which ultimately resulted in the loss of political support for the government on behalf of the PSD-ALDE coalition. The PM refused to resign but was eventually dismissed by a motion of no confidence passed by the Parliament with 241 votes (233 minimum needed). </p><p>Quickly afterward, <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Tudose" title="Mihai Tudose">Mihai Tudose</a> was proposed by the socialists for the position of prime minister and was subsequently accepted by president Iohannis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, just after 6 months of governance, he resigned from this dignity. Consequently, the ruling coalition nominated a new Prime Minister candidate in the person of <a href="/wiki/Viorica_D%C4%83ncil%C4%83" title="Viorica Dăncilă">Viorica Dăncilă</a>, a former socialist <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2014%E2%80%932019)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2014–2019)">2014–19</a> who was also accepted by the state president. She was also the first female Prime Minister of Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, on 4 November 2019, after a motion of no confidence, the PSD minority government was replaced by a minority cabinet led by the National Liberal Party under <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Orban" title="Ludovic Orban">Ludovic Orban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, in November 2019, President Klaus Iohannis was <a href="/wiki/2019_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2019 Romanian presidential election">re-elected</a> by a landslide (with <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forum_of_Germans_in_Romania" title="Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania">FDGR/DFDR</a>, <a href="/wiki/USR_PLUS" title="USR PLUS">USR PLUS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">PMP</a> support in the second round).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This period (i.e. the two years spanning between 2017 and 2019) was marked by governmental mayhem produced by the previous PSD-ALDE ruling coalition regarding their change of PMs as well as their intentions of changing both the Penal Code and the Penal Procedure Code, the Romanian society took to the streets of Bucharest and many other major cities of the country in huge numbers for more than 500 consecutive days in order to oppose the modification of these law packages, prompt early elections, as well as a referendum on the topic of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020–2024"><span id="2020.E2.80.932024"></span>2020–2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2020–2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_local_elections" title="2020 Romanian local elections">2020 Romanian local elections</a> which were held on 27 September were won by the PNL. Nonetheless, on 6 December, the PNL finished second in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Romanian legislative election">2020 Romanian legislative election</a>. The election was won by the oppositional <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democrats</a> (PSD) who came in first. Shortly after the official results came out, Orban resigned from his position as PM and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Nicolae Ciucă</a> as acting/ad interim PM.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, the national liberals proceeded to negotiate the formation of a coalition government alongside USR PLUS and UDMR for a reportedly stable centre-right governance for the next four years in Romania. The newly designated PM was therefore <a href="/wiki/Florin_C%C3%AE%C8%9Bu" title="Florin Cîțu">Florin Cîțu</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL), who took office on 23 December 2020, after forming a three-party, centre-right coalition consisting of the PNL, the <a href="/wiki/USR_PLUS" title="USR PLUS">USR PLUS</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a> (UDMR/RMDSZ).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, in early September 2021, USR PLUS decided to exit the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%AE%C8%9Bu_Cabinet" title="Cîțu Cabinet">Cîțu Cabinet</a> and so the three centre-right party alliance was officially disbanded, inadvertently leading to the major <a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_political_crisis" title="2021 Romanian political crisis">2021 Romanian political crisis</a> which lasted for nearly three months, until <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Nicolae Ciucă</a> was invested PM along with the <a href="/wiki/Ciuc%C4%83_Cabinet" title="Ciucă Cabinet">CNR cabinet</a> in late November 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 June 2023, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a> (PSD) was sworn in as the new Romanian Prime Minister. Rotating premiership had been long agreed as part of a deal by the ruling coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the investment of the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Romania" title="National Coalition for Romania">CNR</a> cabinet, Romania has been experiencing a clear shift towards <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illiberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiberalism">illiberalism</a> and has the characteristics of a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regime" title="Hybrid regime">hybrid regime</a> behind a constitutional facade.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024–present"><span id="2024.E2.80.93present"></span>2024–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2024–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2024, all four types of elections took place in Romania, a first in the post-1989 history of the country. <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">European Parliament election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_local_elections" title="2024 Romanian local elections">the local election</a> took place simultaneously on 9 June, the European Parliament election being won by the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Romania" title="National Coalition for Romania">PSD-PNL Alliance</a>, and the local ones by the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> (which ran separately from the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">liberals</a> in most counties). The European Parliament and local elections also provided positive results for the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">nationalist</a> parties such as the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a> (AUR) which sent 5 MEPs to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> and the more radical formation <a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a> which sent 2 MEPs. Also, in these elections, AUR strengthened its position in the territory by winning important seats in the county and local councils. Also, the simultaneous organization of the 2 elections on the same day was also met with problems and reports related to electoral fraud, the biggest scandals that came to the surface after the election were in sector 1 and sector 2 of <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Romanian presidential election">2024 presidential election</a> took place on 24 November. The 1st round of the elections provided results that overturned any prediction prior to the election: the <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Georgescu" title="Călin Georgescu">Călin Georgescu</a> won the first round of the elections, obtaining 22.94% of the votes validly cast, followed by <a href="/wiki/Elena_Lasconi" title="Elena Lasconi">Elena Lasconi</a> who obtained 19.18% of the votes. The 1st round also offered another premiere in the post-1989 history of Romania: <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> (PSD) failed to qualify his candidate, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a>, in the second round, thus losing the elections from the first round. Also, the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">national-liberals</a> obtained their weakest result in post-1989 history, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Nicolae Ciucă</a> obtaining only 8.79% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A weak result was also recorded by the president of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a>, after it was widely speculated that <a href="/wiki/George_Simion" title="George Simion">George Simion</a> would reach the second round.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After failing to qualify in the second round, Marcel Ciolacu announced his resignation as leader of the Social Democratic Party on 25 November. However, he chose to remain as prime minister until a new government was formed following legislative election on 1 December.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid discussions about the role of social networks and the strong presence of Călin Georgescu, Ciolacu also called for Georgescu's campaign funding on <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> to be reviewed, while MEP and <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Hayer" title="Valérie Hayer">Valérie Hayer</a> asked the TikTok CEO to answer questions about the platform's role in the elections before the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, citing the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Services_Act" title="Digital Services Act">Digital Services Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klaus Iohannis, convened the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_National_Defence_(Romania)" title="Supreme Council of National Defence (Romania)">Supreme Council of National Defense</a>, on the subject of possible risks to national security generated by the actions of some state and non-state cyber actors on some IT&C infrastructures, during the presidential elections. The CSAT meeting took place at the Cotroceni Palace on 28 November 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court of Romania</a> had a deadline for validating the first round of the presidential election on 28 November. The electoral campaign for the second round of voting began on 29 November and ended on 7 December at 07:00.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 November, the Court has decided recounting all votes of the 1st round of presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the recount, the first round was validated.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 4 December 2024, President Iohannis declassified the CSAT documents that confirmed the involvement of a foreign state actor in the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new evidence forced the Constitutional Court to make the decision to annul the first round and entirely restart the electoral process, unprecedented decision in Romania's history.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the annulment of the elections, the stock indices started to rise<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a few days of decline.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Romanian parliamentary election">2024 parliamentary election</a> took place on 1 December. They took place within a relatively tense context and <a href="/wiki/Political_polarization" title="Political polarization">polarization</a> in society as a result of the events that followed the first round of the presidential elections on 24 November such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2024_Romanian_anti-extremism_protests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024 Romanian anti-extremism protests (page does not exist)">anti-extremism demonstrations</a> and the counter-demonstrations of Călin Georgescu's supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parliamentary election were won by the ruling <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">social-democrats</a>, but with a lower score compared to the previous election in 2020. The official results indicated a hung parliament that requires the formation of a broad governing coalition for a stable majority. In the first days after the parliamentary election, there was discussion about the formation of a cordon sanitaire to isolate the so-called <a href="/wiki/Sovereignism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereignism">sovereignist</a> block (consisting of the parties AUR, <a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">SOS RO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Young_People" title="Party of Young People">POT</a>) and the formation of a stable pro-European coalition formed by PSD, PNL, <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Democratic_Union_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania">UDMR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_ethnic_minority_parties" title="Romanian ethnic minority parties">ethnic minority parties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the annulment of the first round of presidential election, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewing_Romanian%27s_European_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renewing Romanian's European Project (page does not exist)">REPER</a> requested the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Electoral_Authority_(Romania)" title="Permanent Electoral Authority (Romania)">Central Electoral Office</a> to annul the <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Romanian parliamentary election">parliamentary election</a> emphasizing that the reasons that led to the decision of the CCR are also valid for the parliamentary election.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vlad_Gheorghe" title="Vlad Gheorghe">Vlad Gheorghe</a>, the leader of the party <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Respect_in_Europe_for_All_Party" title="Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party">DREPT</a>, also called for the annulment of the parliamentary elections citing (the same "causes"): "Russian interference", "manipulation and disinformation of the population”.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the negotiations between PSD, PNL, USR and UDMR have reached an impasse, USR making several requests to the potential coalition partners such as tax cuts, the resignation of the president <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a>, the rapid adoption of the new budget, the start of the procedures for the initiation of the referendum "no convicted criminals from holding public office" and the resignation of the heads of the intelligence services.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, the USR stayed out of the negotiations on the future governing coalition<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus the return of the old PSD-PNL-UDMR-minorities formula that was between 2021 and 2023 during the <a href="/wiki/Ciuc%C4%83_Cabinet" title="Ciucă Cabinet">Ciucă Cabinet</a> materialized. On 23 December 2024, the new government was invested with a fragile majority (a little over 50%), <a href="/wiki/Second_Ciolacu_cabinet" title="Second Ciolacu cabinet">Second Ciolacu cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new government decided, in the meeting of 28 December, that the date of the new presidential elections in 2025 would be 23 March for the first round and 6 April for the second one.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in January 2025 the government set the final calendar for the presidential elections: 4 May for the first round and 18 May for the second round.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Executive branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilie_Bolojan_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ilie_Bolojan_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/146px-Ilie_Bolojan_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ilie_Bolojan_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/219px-Ilie_Bolojan_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ilie_Bolojan_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/292px-Ilie_Bolojan_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a>,<br />acting <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">president</a> since 12 February 2025</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Romanian_Prime_Minister_Ciolacu_(53376154427)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Romanian_Prime_Minister_Ciolacu_%2853376154427%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/138px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Romanian_Prime_Minister_Ciolacu_%2853376154427%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Romanian_Prime_Minister_Ciolacu_%2853376154427%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/207px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Romanian_Prime_Minister_Ciolacu_%2853376154427%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Romanian_Prime_Minister_Ciolacu_%2853376154427%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/276px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Romanian_Prime_Minister_Ciolacu_%2853376154427%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="823" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">prime minister</a> since 15 June 2023</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The president is elected by popular vote for a maximum of two five-year terms (four-year terms until 2004). The president is head of state (charged with safeguarding the constitution, foreign affairs, and the proper functioning of public authority), supreme commander of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">armed forces</a>, and chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_National_Defence_(Romania)" title="Supreme Council of National Defence (Romania)">Supreme Council of National Defense</a>. According to the constitution, the president acts as a mediator among the state's power centres and between the state and society. The president nominates the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">prime minister</a> after consultation with the party holding an absolute majority in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a> or, if there is no such majority, with all the parties in Parliament. </p><p>Ambiguity in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution of Romania</a> (Article 85 (1), Article 103 (1))<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may lead to situations where a coalition of parties obtaining an absolute majority in Parliament, or a party holding a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">relative majority</a> in Parliament, would be unable to nominate a prime minister because the president would refuse the nomination (with no party holding an absolute majority in Parliament). According to Article 103 (1), "unless no such majority exists", is interpreted by the president as "unless no such party exists" (although an absolute majority may be formed by one party, a coalition of parties, or an alliance). </p><p>In the 2008 parliamentary elections,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_PSD%2BPC" title="Alliance PSD+PC">Alliance PSD+PC</a> won 33.09 percent of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 34.16 percent of the seats in the Senate. The <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a> won 18.57 percent of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 18.74 percent of the seats in the Senate, giving both parties a majority in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. However, the president nominated a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)">PDL</a> (which won less than 32.36 percent of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 33.54 percent of the seats in the Senate. The nominated prime minister chooses the other members of the government, and the government and its programme must be confirmed by a vote of confidence from Parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legislative branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Main office-holders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">President of the Senate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Abrudean" title="Mircea Abrudean">Mircea Abrudean</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL) </td> <td>12 February 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciprian-Constantin_%C8%98erban" title="Ciprian-Constantin Șerban">Ciprian-Constantin Șerban</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> (PSD) </td> <td>23 December 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The national legislature is a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Parlament</i>), consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Romania)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Romania)">Chamber of Deputies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Camera Deputaților</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Senat</i>). Members are elected to four-year terms by universal suffrage in a party-list <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">electoral system</a>. Beginning in <a href="/wiki/2008_Romanian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Romanian legislative election">2008</a>, members are elected by <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member proportional representation</a>. </p><p>The number of senators and deputies has varied in each legislature, reflecting population changes. In 2008, there were 137 senatorial seats and 334 seats in the Chamber of Deputies; of the 334 deputy seats, 18 were held by ethnic minority representatives which would not meet the five-percent <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a> required for other parties and organizations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_of_political_parties">Classification of political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Classification of political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">List of political parties in Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections in Romania</a></div> <p>Romania has a multiparty political system, which makes a majority government virtually impossible (unless a very high score is achieved in the legislative election by one particular political party). Smaller parliamentary parties have sometimes merged with larger ones during previous legislatures before 2020 (or created/were part of several electoral alliances). Currently, there are five main parliamentary parties (excluding the 18 <a href="/wiki/Romanian_ethnic_minority_parties" title="Romanian ethnic minority parties">ethnic-minority parties</a> which have one representative each) as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Logo </th> <th colspan="2">Party name </th> <th rowspan="1" width="15%">Ideology </th> <th rowspan="1" width="15%">Leader(s) </th> <th rowspan="1" width="30%">Notes </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th> </th> <th style="background-color: #EF3340"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Partidul Social Democrat</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democratic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>, de facto <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">catch all</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a> </td> <td><small>Currently the largest party in parliament. He currently leads a government formed with PNL and UDMR (governemnt composition that was between 2021 and 2023). He achieved his worst results in recent elections.</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Logo_of_the_Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians.svg/100px-Logo_of_the_Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Logo_of_the_Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians.svg/150px-Logo_of_the_Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Logo_of_the_Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians.svg/200px-Logo_of_the_Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #FCB21F"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i>Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor</i>) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Romanian irredentism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populism</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">national conservatism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Simion" title="George Simion">George Simion</a> </td> <td><small>Currently the second largest opposition party in parliament. In the legislative elections, AUR won 20% of the vote in all of Romania and the diaspora, which resulted in aresult that made the party the second largest in the country at the central political level.</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional_Liberal_(PNL)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional_Liberal_%28PNL%29_logo.svg/100px-Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional_Liberal_%28PNL%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional_Liberal_%28PNL%29_logo.svg/150px-Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional_Liberal_%28PNL%29_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional_Liberal_%28PNL%29_logo.svg/200px-Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional_Liberal_%28PNL%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #FFDD00"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Partidul Național Liberal</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">centre-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>, de facto <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">catch all</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Nicolae Ciucă</a> </td> <td><small>Until November 2021, the largest ruling party through a coalition government previously established in December 2020, but subsequently formed a minority government solely with the UDMR/RMDSZ after early September 2021 until late November of the same year (even after it was dismissed by a recorded-voted <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">no confidence motion</a>). It is currently part of a <a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition" title="Grand coalition">grand coalition</a> government known as the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Romania" title="National Coalition for Romania">National Coalition for Romania</a></i> (<i>CNR</i> for short) along with PSD, being the second largest party within it. Additionally, it has also been crushed by internal disputes, growing <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Romania" title="Corruption in Romania">corruption</a> scandals, and departures of various MPs and local politicians, some of which had already founded several splinter parties (e.g. most notably <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Orban" title="Ludovic Orban">Ludovic Orban</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">Force of the Right</a> or FD for short).</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_USR_2022_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Logo_USR_2022_%281%29.svg/120px-Logo_USR_2022_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Logo_USR_2022_%281%29.svg/150px-Logo_USR_2022_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Logo_USR_2022_%281%29.svg/200px-Logo_USR_2022_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="175" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #00aae7"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Uniunea Salvați România</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elena_Lasconi" title="Elena Lasconi">Elena Lasconi</a> </td> <td><small>Currently, the third largest parliamentary party (previously established as a formal political and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_alliance" title="Electoral alliance">electoral alliance</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom,_Unity_and_Solidarity_Party" title="Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party">PLUS</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/USR_PLUS" title="USR PLUS">2020 USR PLUS Alliance</a> and then simply as USR-PLUS/USR PLUS) and in opposition towards the PSD-PNL-UDMR/RMDSZ grand coalition government (as well as to the current PSD-PNL government). <a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretic</a> political position (mostly with considerable focus towards <a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption" title="Anti-corruption">anti-corruption</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>). Recently has clarified its political position (centre-right) with strong emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption" title="Anti-corruption">anti-corruption</a> policies. Also recently, the party has taken slightly <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> positions.</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SOS_Romania_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SOS_Romania_logo.svg/100px-SOS_Romania_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SOS_Romania_logo.svg/150px-SOS_Romania_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SOS_Romania_logo.svg/200px-SOS_Romania_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="2026" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #4DA9DA"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i>S.O.S. România</i>) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Romanian irredentism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_euroscepticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard euroscepticism">hard euroscepticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diana_%C8%98o%C8%99oac%C4%83" title="Diana Șoșoacă">Diana Șoșoacă</a> </td> <td><small>Founded in 2021 and becoming popular after the entry of <a href="/wiki/Diana_%C8%98o%C8%99oac%C4%83" title="Diana Șoșoacă">Diana Șoșoacă</a>, the party managed to send 2 MEPs after the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">2024 European Parliament election</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Romanian parliamentary election">parliamentary election</a> it obtained a significant representation, becoming the fifth largest party in the parliament, and the second nationalist party after AUR. The party's rhetoric is ultra-nationalist, nationalist-revolutionary, and hardly Eurosceptic.</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Party_of_Young_People.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Logo_of_the_Party_of_Young_People.png/120px-Logo_of_the_Party_of_Young_People.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Logo_of_the_Party_of_Young_People.png/250px-Logo_of_the_Party_of_Young_People.png 1.5x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #330099"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Young_People" title="Party of Young People">Party of Young People</a> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i>Partidul Oamenilor Tineri</i>) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">christian right</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anamaria_Gavril%C4%83" title="Anamaria Gavrilă">Anamaria Gavrilă</a> </td> <td><small>Founded in 2023 by Anamaria Gavrilă, former AUR deputy, the party promotes traditionalist and national-christian ideologies, <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to abortion">opposing abortion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">compulsory vaccination</a>. POT supported the candidacy of <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Georgescu" title="Călin Georgescu">Călin Georgescu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Romanian presidential election">presidential election of 2024</a> and obtained parliamentary representation following the elections of December 1, 2024. The party is currently in opposition.</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RMDSZlogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/RMDSZlogo.png/120px-RMDSZlogo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/RMDSZlogo.png/250px-RMDSZlogo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="599" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #15803C"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarian minority interests</a>, Hungarian ethnic minority party </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunor_Kelemen" title="Hunor Kelemen">Hunor Kelemen</a> </td> <td><small>Previously, the smallest ruling party in the centre-right coalition formed in December 2020 (which was later disbanded in September 2021). It was also part of the CNR ruling grand coalition along with PNL and PSD, being still the smallest party (or junior partner) in the aforementioned government. Since June 2023, it switched to opposition after not voting the <a href="/wiki/Ciolacu_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciolacu Cabinet">Ciolacu Cabinet</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The main four non-parliamentary parties (the first two around the five-percent threshold) with local representatives are as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Logo </th> <th colspan="2">Party name </th> <th rowspan="1">Romanian name </th> <th rowspan="1">Ideology </th> <th rowspan="1">Leader </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Partidul_SENS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Logo_Partidul_SENS.png/100px-Logo_Partidul_SENS.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Logo_Partidul_SENS.png/150px-Logo_Partidul_SENS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Logo_Partidul_SENS.png/200px-Logo_Partidul_SENS.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #a2da5a"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Health_Education_Nature_Sustainability_Party" title="Health Education Nature Sustainability Party">Health Education Nature Sustainability Party</a> </td> <td>Partidul Sănătate, Educație, Natură, Sustenabilitate (SENS) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a> <p><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Macsut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei Macsut (page does not exist)">Andrei Macsut</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigla_Forta_Dreptei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sigla_Forta_Dreptei.jpg/100px-Sigla_Forta_Dreptei.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sigla_Forta_Dreptei.jpg/150px-Sigla_Forta_Dreptei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sigla_Forta_Dreptei.jpg/200px-Sigla_Forta_Dreptei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #08510A"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">Force of the Right</a> </td> <td>Forța Dreptei (FD) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> <p><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Orban" title="Ludovic Orban">Ludovic Orban</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PMP_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PMP_logo.svg/63px-PMP_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PMP_logo.svg/94px-PMP_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PMP_logo.svg/125px-PMP_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="514" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background-color: #A7CF35"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">People's Movement Party</a> </td> <td>Partidul Mișcarea Populară (PMP) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> <p><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Tomac" title="Eugen Tomac">Eugen Tomac</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th> </th> <th style="background-color: #623A9D"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="United Social Democratic Party (Romania)">United Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>Partidul Social Democrat Unit (PSDU) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a> <p><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oana_Cre%C8%9Bu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oana Crețu (page does not exist)">Oana Crețu</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Unlike other former Soviet-bloc countries (such as, most notably, neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Republic of Moldova</a>), no political party claiming to be the successor of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> (PCR) has been or is currently a significant player on the political scene, although the main continuator of FSN, more specifically PSD, has many times raised suspicions and accusations from electoral contenders regarding the past political careers of many of its current and former members who were first tier, high-ranking members of the PCR before the 1989 Romanian Revolution. The PNL also has many former Securitate members, former PCR members, or their relatives, in part through the merger with the PDL in 2014 but not only. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latest_elections">Latest elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Latest elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_election">Presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Romanian presidential election">2024 Romanian presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PSD-PNL-PDL_electoral_performance_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PSD-PNL-PDL_electoral_performance_chart.svg/275px-PSD-PNL-PDL_electoral_performance_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PSD-PNL-PDL_electoral_performance_chart.svg/413px-PSD-PNL-PDL_electoral_performance_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PSD-PNL-PDL_electoral_performance_chart.svg/550px-PSD-PNL-PDL_electoral_performance_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Electoral performance of candidates from the <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#dc2c23ff; color:;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">PSD</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffe000ff; color:;"> </span><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f47321ff; color:;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Party (Romania)">PD</a>/<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)">PDL</a></span> in the first round of Romanian presidential elections, 2000─2024</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" colspan="2">First round</th><th scope="col" colspan="2">Second round</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Georgescu" title="Călin Georgescu">Călin Georgescu</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">2,120,401</td><td style="text-align:right">22.94</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#002A59"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Elena_Lasconi" title="Elena Lasconi">Elena Lasconi</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,772,500</td><td style="text-align:right">19.18</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EF3340"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,769,760</td><td style="text-align:right">19.15</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FCB21F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/George_Simion" title="George Simion">George Simion</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,281,325</td><td style="text-align:right">13.86</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Nicolae Ciucă</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">811,952</td><td style="text-align:right">8.79</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2E3192"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Geoan%C4%83" title="Mircea Geoană">Mircea Geoană</a></td><td>Independent (<a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Rena%C8%99te" title="România Renaște">România Renaște</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right">583,898</td><td style="text-align:right">6.32</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00833e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hunor_Kelemen" title="Hunor Kelemen">Hunor Kelemen</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians</a></td><td style="text-align:right">416,353</td><td style="text-align:right">4.50</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Diaconescu" title="Cristian Diaconescu">Cristian Diaconescu</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">286,842</td><td style="text-align:right">3.10</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1665FE"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Terhe%C8%99" title="Cristian Terheș">Cristian Terheș</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Conservative_Party" title="Romanian National Conservative Party">Romanian National Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">95,782</td><td style="text-align:right">1.04</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ana_Birchall" title="Ana Birchall">Ana Birchall</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">42,853</td><td style="text-align:right">0.46</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#08510A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Orban" title="Ludovic Orban">Ludovic Orban</a><sup id="cite_ref-Orban_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orban-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td><a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">Force of the Right</a></td><td style="text-align:right">20,089</td><td style="text-align:right">0.22</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#005593"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Popescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Popescu (page does not exist)">Sebastian Popescu</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Romania_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Romania Party (page does not exist)">New Romania Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">14,683</td><td style="text-align:right">0.16</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#42268A"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra-Beatrice_Bertalan-P%C4%83curaru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandra-Beatrice Bertalan-Păcuraru (page does not exist)">Alexandra Păcuraru</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_for_National_Dignity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative for National Dignity (page does not exist)">Alternative for National Dignity</a></td><td style="text-align:right">14,502</td><td style="text-align:right">0.16</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4975BA"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silviu_Predoiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silviu Predoiu (page does not exist)">Silviu Predoiu</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Action_League_Party" title="National Action League Party">National Action League Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">11,246</td><td style="text-align:right">0.12</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">9,242,186</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="7" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>9,242,186</td><td>97.64</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>223,071</td><td>2.36</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>9,465,257</td><td>100.00</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>18,008,480</td><td>52.56</td><td>18,008,480</td><td>–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="7" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezenta.roaep.ro/prezidentiale24112024/pv/romania/results/">Permanent Electoral Authority</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament_election">European Parliament election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: European Parliament election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">2024 European Parliament election in Romania</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="6" style="text-align:center;color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #F8F9FA )"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania_(alliances).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania_%28alliances%29.svg/360px-2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania_%28alliances%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania_%28alliances%29.svg/540px-2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania_%28alliances%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania_%28alliances%29.svg/720px-2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania_%28alliances%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EF8814"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Romania" title="National Coalition for Romania">PSD–PNL Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,341,686</td><td style="text-align:right">48.55</td><td style="text-align:right">19</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FCB21F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/AUR_Alliance" title="AUR Alliance">AUR Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,334,905</td><td style="text-align:right">14.93</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#02275E"></td><td><a href="/wiki/United_Right_Alliance" title="United Right Alliance">United Right Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">778,901</td><td style="text-align:right">8.71</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00833e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">579,180</td><td style="text-align:right">6.48</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4DA9DA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">450,040</td><td style="text-align:right">5.03</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#c40075"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Renewing_Romania%27s_European_Project" title="Renewing Romania's European Project">Renewing Romania's European Project</a></td><td style="text-align:right">334,703</td><td style="text-align:right">3.74</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4B91E1"></td><td>United Diaspora Party</td><td style="text-align:right">159,943</td><td style="text-align:right">1.79</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0066B6"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Humanist_Party" title="Social Liberal Humanist Party">Social Liberal Humanist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">132,402</td><td style="text-align:right">1.48</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#242B3E"></td><td>Patriots Party</td><td style="text-align:right">65,440</td><td style="text-align:right">0.73</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0258A4"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">59,272</td><td style="text-align:right">0.66</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0F034E"></td><td><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Alternative" title="The Right Alternative">The Right Alternative</a></td><td style="text-align:right">40,281</td><td style="text-align:right">0.45</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CE1126"></td><td>Socialist Romania Alliance (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_Socialist_Party_(2003)" title="Romanian Socialist Party (2003)">PSR</a>–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Democratic Workers' Party (Romania) (page does not exist)">PSDM</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right">37,119</td><td style="text-align:right">0.42</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a></td><td style="text-align:right">628,754</td><td style="text-align:right">7.03</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">8,942,626</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">33</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="6" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>8,942,626</td><td>94.82</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>488,551</td><td>5.18</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>9,431,177</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>18,025,329</td><td>52.32</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="6" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europarlamentare2024.bec.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/PVCVAM_1.pdf">BEC</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_election">Legislative election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legislative election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Romanian legislative election">latest legislative election</a> was held on 1 December 2024. The two tables below are represented the results for both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chamber_of_Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Chamber of Deputies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg/300px-Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg/450px-Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg/600px-Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Seat distribution in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Romania)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Romania)">Chamber of Deputies in Romania</a> after the 1 December 2024 legislative election:<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC3333; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> PSD: 86 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> AUR: 63 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> PNL: 49 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#002b57; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> USR: 40 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#89CFF0; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> SOS RO: 28 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#330099; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> POT: 24 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#126401; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> UDMR: 22 seats</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> National minorities: 19 seats</div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="6" style="text-align:center;color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #F8F9FA )"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg/360px-Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg/540px-Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg/720px-Romania_Chamber_of_Deputies_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EF3340"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,030,144</td><td style="text-align:right">21.96</td><td style="text-align:right">86</td><td style="text-align:right">–24</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FCB21F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,665,143</td><td style="text-align:right">18.01</td><td style="text-align:right">63</td><td style="text-align:right">+30</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,219,810</td><td style="text-align:right">13.20</td><td style="text-align:right">49</td><td style="text-align:right">–44</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#002A59"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,146,357</td><td style="text-align:right">12.40</td><td style="text-align:right">40</td><td style="text-align:right">–15</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4DA9DA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">679,967</td><td style="text-align:right">7.36</td><td style="text-align:right">28</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#330099"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Young_People" title="Party of Young People">Party of Young People</a></td><td style="text-align:right">596,745</td><td style="text-align:right">6.46</td><td style="text-align:right">24</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00833e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">585,397</td><td style="text-align:right">6.33</td><td style="text-align:right">22</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#a2da5a"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Health_Education_Nature_Sustainability_Party" title="Health Education Nature Sustainability Party">Health Education Nature Sustainability Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">276,494</td><td style="text-align:right">2.99</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#08510A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">Force of the Right</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">189,678</td><td style="text-align:right">2.05</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#623A9D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/United_Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="United Social Democratic Party (Romania)">United Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">177,137</td><td style="text-align:right">1.92</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#c40075"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Renewing_Romania%27s_European_Project" title="Renewing Romania's European Project">Renewing Romania's European Project</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">114,223</td><td style="text-align:right">1.24</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1BBFFF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Respect_in_Europe_for_All_Party" title="Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party">Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">107,474</td><td style="text-align:right">1.16</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1665FE"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Conservative_Party" title="Romanian National Conservative Party">Romanian National Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">45,687</td><td style="text-align:right">0.49</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#145247"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriots_of_the_Romanian_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patriots of the Romanian People (page does not exist)">Patriots of the Romanian People</a></td><td style="text-align:right">40,960</td><td style="text-align:right">0.44</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#07733F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Ecologist_Party" title="Romanian Ecologist Party">Romanian Ecologist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">34,641</td><td style="text-align:right">0.37</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#B72026"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania,_2019)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Social Democratic Party (Romania, 2019) (page does not exist)">Independent Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">33,372</td><td style="text-align:right">0.36</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8ECAE4"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_Action_Party" title="Romania in Action Party">Romania in Action Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">28,504</td><td style="text-align:right">0.31</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#991B1F"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Christian_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Christian Alliance (page does not exist)">National Christian Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">25,789</td><td style="text-align:right">0.28</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#01538F"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Romania_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Romania Party (page does not exist)">New Romania Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">14,107</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:black"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Roma" title="Party of the Roma">Party of the Roma "Pro Europa"</a></td><td style="text-align:right">13,881</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#660000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Macedonians_of_Romania" title="Association of Macedonians of Romania">Association of Macedonians of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">13,800</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CE1126"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Romania_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Romania Alliance (page does not exist)">Socialist Romania Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12,849</td><td style="text-align:right">0.14</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#444444"></td><td><a href="/wiki/League_of_Albanians_of_Romania" title="League of Albanians of Romania">League of Albanians of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9,177</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0057b7"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Ukrainians_of_Romania" title="Union of the Ukrainians of Romania">Union of the Ukrainians of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,750</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#AA2421"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forum_of_Germans_in_Romania" title="Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania">Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,577</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7D2124"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Serbs_of_Romania" title="Union of Serbs of Romania">Union of Serbs of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,962</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#392D78"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_for_National_Dignity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative for National Dignity (page does not exist)">Alternative for National Dignity</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,747</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#18469b"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Union_of_Romania" title="Hellenic Union of Romania">Hellenic Union of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,565</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DA7C3E"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Community_of_the_Lipovan_Russians_in_Romania" title="Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania">Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,434</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1136F2"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Slovaks_and_Czechs_of_Romania" title="Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania">Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,420</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2D53A6"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Jewish_Communities_in_Romania" title="Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania">Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,281</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:darkgreen"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Union_of_Banat%E2%80%93Romania" title="Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania">Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,089</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E4E700"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Turkic-Muslim_Tatars_of_Romania" title="Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars of Romania">Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,908</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#9A9A9A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armenians_of_Romania" title="Union of Armenians of Romania">Union of Armenians of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,747</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:red"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Union_of_Ruthenians_of_Romania" title="Cultural Union of Ruthenians of Romania">Cultural Union of Ruthenians of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,571</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E30A17"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Turkish_Union_of_Romania" title="Democratic Turkish Union of Romania">Democratic Turkish Union of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,547</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#004B80"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Croats_of_Romania" title="Union of Croats of Romania">Union of Croats of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,413</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D4213D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Poles_of_Romania" title="Union of Poles of Romania">Union of Poles of Romania "Dom Polski"</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,215</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2B3D8C"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Italians_of_Romania" title="Association of Italians of Romania">Association of Italians of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,128</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4975BA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Action_League_Party" title="National Action League Party">National Action League Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,912</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#154680"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forum_of_Czechs_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forum of Czechs in Romania (page does not exist)">Forum of Czechs in Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,817</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#26057A"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Faithful_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Faithful People (page does not exist)">Party of Faithful People</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,143</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FDE88A"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geto-Dacian_Union_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geto-Dacian Union Party (page does not exist)">Geto-Dacian Union Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">435</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1709DC"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patria_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patria Party (page does not exist)">Patria Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">391</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2A3273"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Party_of_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Party of Romania (page does not exist)">Republican Party of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">279</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#004A92"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">270</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#198A3A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Romania)" title="Green Party (Romania)">Green Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">248</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#6EAEC7"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Pensioners%27_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Pensioners' Party (page does not exist)">United Pensioners' Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">229</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C31D03"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Justice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Justice (page does not exist)">Party of Justice</a></td><td style="text-align:right">184</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a></td><td style="text-align:right">76,043</td><td style="text-align:right">0.82</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">9,243,641</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">331</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="6" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>9,243,641</td><td>98.17</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>171,877</td><td>1.83</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>9,415,518</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>19,503,273</td><td>48.28</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="6" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezenta.roaep.ro/parlamentare01122024/pv/romania/results/">Permanent Electoral Authority</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roaep.ro/prezentare/comunicat-de-presa/comunicat-de-presa-privind-numarul-de-mandate-obtinute-de-competitorii-electorali-la-alegerile-pentru-senat-si-camera-deputatilor-din-anul-2024-pe-grupe-de-varsta-si-pe-gen/">Seat counts</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PSD</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EF3340; width:21.96%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">21.96%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">AUR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FCB21F; width:18.01%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.01%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PNL</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFDD00; width:13.20%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">USR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#002A59; width:12.40%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.40%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">SOS RO</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#4DA9DA; width:7.36%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">POT</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#330099; width:6.46%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.46%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">UDMR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#15803C; width:6.33%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.33%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">SENS</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#a2da5a; width:2.99%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.99%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">FD</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#08510A; width:2.05%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.05%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#C0C0C0; width:9.24%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.24%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Seats summary</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PSD</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EF3340; width:25.98%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">25.98%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">AUR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FCB21F; width:19.34%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">19.34%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PNL</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFDD00; width:14.80%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.80%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">USR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#002A59; width:12.08%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.08%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">SOS RO</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#4DA9DA; width:8.16%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.16%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">POT</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#330099; width:7.25%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.25%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">UDMR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#15803C; width:6.65%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.65%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Ethnic minorities</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#000000; width:5.74%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.74%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senate">Senate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_Senate_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Romania_Senate_2024.svg/330px-Romania_Senate_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Romania_Senate_2024.svg/450px-Romania_Senate_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Romania_Senate_2024.svg/600px-Romania_Senate_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Seat distribution in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate of Romania</a> after the 1 December 2024 legislative election:<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC3333; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> PSD: 36 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> AUR: 28 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> PNL: 22 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#002b57; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> USR: 19 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#89CFF0; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> SOS RO: 12 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#126401; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> UDMR: 10 seats</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#330099; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> POT: 7 seats</div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="6" style="text-align:center;color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #F8F9FA )"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_Senate_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Romania_Senate_2024.svg/360px-Romania_Senate_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Romania_Senate_2024.svg/540px-Romania_Senate_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Romania_Senate_2024.svg/720px-Romania_Senate_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EF3340"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,065,087</td><td style="text-align:right">22.30</td><td style="text-align:right">36</td><td style="text-align:right">–11</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FCB21F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,694,705</td><td style="text-align:right">18.30</td><td style="text-align:right">28</td><td style="text-align:right">+14</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFDD00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,322,468</td><td style="text-align:right">14.28</td><td style="text-align:right">22</td><td style="text-align:right">–19</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#002A59"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,134,831</td><td style="text-align:right">12.26</td><td style="text-align:right">19</td><td style="text-align:right">–6</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4DA9DA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">718,409</td><td style="text-align:right">7.76</td><td style="text-align:right">12</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#330099"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Young_People" title="Party of Young People">Party of Young People</a></td><td style="text-align:right">591,927</td><td style="text-align:right">6.39</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00833e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">590,783</td><td style="text-align:right">6.38</td><td style="text-align:right">10</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#A2DA5A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Health_Education_Nature_Sustainability_Party" title="Health Education Nature Sustainability Party">Health Education Nature Sustainability Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">263,173</td><td style="text-align:right">2.84</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#08510A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">Force of the Right</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">173,703</td><td style="text-align:right">1.88</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#623A9D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/United_Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="United Social Democratic Party (Romania)">United Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">164,659</td><td style="text-align:right">1.78</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#c40075"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Renewing_Romania%27s_European_Project" title="Renewing Romania's European Project">Renewing Romania's European Project</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">126,408</td><td style="text-align:right">1.37</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1BBFFF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Respect_in_Europe_for_All_Party" title="Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party">Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">114,500</td><td style="text-align:right">1.24</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1665FE"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Conservative_Party" title="Romanian National Conservative Party">Romanian National Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">50,287</td><td style="text-align:right">0.54</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#145247"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriots_of_the_Romanian_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patriots of the Romanian People (page does not exist)">Patriots of the Romanian People</a></td><td style="text-align:right">48,436</td><td style="text-align:right">0.52</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#B72026"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania,_2019)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Social Democratic Party (Romania, 2019) (page does not exist)">Independent Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">41,712</td><td style="text-align:right">0.45</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#07733F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Ecologist_Party" title="Romanian Ecologist Party">Romanian Ecologist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">38,561</td><td style="text-align:right">0.42</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#991B1F"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Christian_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Christian Alliance (page does not exist)">National Christian Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">31,094</td><td style="text-align:right">0.34</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8ECAE4"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_Action_Party" title="Romania in Action Party">Romania in Action Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">30,252</td><td style="text-align:right">0.33</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#01538F"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Romania_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Romania Party (page does not exist)">New Romania Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">17,203</td><td style="text-align:right">0.19</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CE1126"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Romania_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Romania Alliance (page does not exist)">Socialist Romania Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">16,256</td><td style="text-align:right">0.18</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#392D78"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_for_National_Dignity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative for National Dignity (page does not exist)">Alternative for National Dignity</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10,473</td><td style="text-align:right">0.11</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4975BA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Action_League_Party" title="National Action League Party">National Action League Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,838</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#26057A"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Faithful_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Faithful People (page does not exist)">Party of Faithful People</a></td><td style="text-align:right">806</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1709DC"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patria_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patria Party (page does not exist)">Patria Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">493</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FDE88A"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geto-Dacian_Union_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geto-Dacian Union Party (page does not exist)">Geto-Dacian Union Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">480</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#004A92"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">371</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C31D03"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Justice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Justice (page does not exist)">Party of Justice</a></td><td style="text-align:right">325</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2A3273"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Party_of_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Party of Romania (page does not exist)">Republican Party of Romania</a></td><td style="text-align:right">314</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#198A3A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Romania)" title="Green Party (Romania)">Green Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">290</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CDCDCD"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phralipe_Party_of_the_Roma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phralipe Party of the Roma (page does not exist)">Phralipe Party of the Roma</a></td><td style="text-align:right">287</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,826</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">9,259,957</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">134</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="6" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>9,259,957</td><td>98.41</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>149,557</td><td>1.59</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>9,409,514</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>19,503,273</td><td>48.25</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="6" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezenta.roaep.ro/parlamentare01122024/pv/romania/results/">Permanent Electoral Authority</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roaep.ro/prezentare/comunicat-de-presa/comunicat-de-presa-privind-numarul-de-mandate-obtinute-de-competitorii-electorali-la-alegerile-pentru-senat-si-camera-deputatilor-din-anul-2024-pe-grupe-de-varsta-si-pe-gen/">Seat counts</a></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PSD</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EF3340; width:22.30%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">22.30%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">AUR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FCB21F; width:18.30%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.30%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PNL</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFDD00; width:14.28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">USR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#002A59; width:12.26%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.26%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">SOS RO</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#4DA9DA; width:7.76%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.76%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">POT</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#330099; width:6.39%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.39%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">UDMR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#15803C; width:6.38%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.38%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">SENS</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#a2da5a; width:2.84%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.84%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">FD</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#08510A; width:1.88%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.88%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#C0C0C0; width:7.61%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.61%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Seats summary</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PSD</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EF3340; width:26.86%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">26.86%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">AUR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FCB21F; width:20.89%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">20.89%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">PNL</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFDD00; width:16.41%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.41%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">USR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#002A59; width:14.17%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.17%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">SOS RO</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#4DA9DA; width:8.95%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.95%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">UDMR</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#15803C; width:7.46%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.46%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">POT</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#330099; width:5.22%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.22%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_election">Local election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Local election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_local_elections" title="2024 Romanian local elections">2024 Romanian local elections</a></div> <p>The latest general local election was held on 27 September 2020. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption>Summary of the 2024 Romanian local elections results </caption> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#C9C9C9"> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Bucharest" title="Mayor of Bucharest">Mayor of Bucharest</a> (PGMB) </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="3">Mayors (P) </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="3">Local Councils<br />seats (CL) </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan="3">County Councils<br />seats (CJ) </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#C9C9C9"> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Votes </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">% </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Seats </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Votes </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">% </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Seats </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Votes </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">% </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Seats </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Votes </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">% </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Partidul Social Democrat</i> - PSD) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">163,147 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.17% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,045,816 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.74% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,677 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,830,129 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.56% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,509 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,640,850 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.50% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">521 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Partidul Național Liberal</i> - PNL) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">57,336 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.79% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,548,478 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.07% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,132 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,273,927 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26.16% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,802 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,178,075 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.63% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">412 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FCB21F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor</i> - AUR) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,208 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">549,306 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.26% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">829,365 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.54% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,527 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">843,734 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.70% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">159 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#02275E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Right_Alliance" title="United Right Alliance">United Right Alliance</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Alianța Dreapta Unită</i> - ADU) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">352,734 <p>(with <a href="/wiki/Renewing_Romania%27s_European_Project" title="Renewing Romania's European Project">REPER</a>) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.94% <p>(with <a href="/wiki/Renewing_Romania%27s_European_Project" title="Renewing Romania's European Project">REPER</a>) </p> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">550,850 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.28% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">583,042 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.70% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">961 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">653,476 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.29% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00833e; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România</i> - UDMR) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td style="text-align:right;">378,594 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.31% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">200 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">471,588 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.42% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,525 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">506,659 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.42% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">104 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EF8814; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Romania" title="National Coalition for Romania">PSD-PNL Alliance</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Alianța PSD-PNL</i> - PSD-PNL)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td style="text-align:right;">511,190 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.83% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">429,728 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.94% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">308 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">258,741 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.28% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#4DA9DA; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">S.O.S. România</i> - SOS RO) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,531 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.51% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">85,105 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.97% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">120,819 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.39% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">149 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">226,949 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.87% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Humanist_Party" title="Social Liberal Humanist Party">Social Liberal Humanist Party</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Partidul Umanist Social Liberal</i> - PUSL) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">111.411 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.14% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">107,355 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.22% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">128,060 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.47% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">225 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78,927 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Other political parties, independent contenders, and local alliances</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.394 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.40% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">990,104 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.32 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">76 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,022,962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.82% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,045 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">494.716 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.31% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><b>Total:</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">735.761 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.766.798 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,176 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.689.620 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,900 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.882.129 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,340 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="20"><i>Notes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="20">Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale09062024/romania/pv-final">Romanian Permanent Electoral Authority</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Judicial branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Main office-holders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">President of the High Court of Cassation and Justice</a> </td> <td>Cristina Tarcea </td> <td>None </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>President of the Superior Council of Magistrates </td> <td>Lia Savonea </td> <td>None </td> <td>January 2019 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Romanian legal system, based on the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">Napoleonic Code</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Inquisitorial_system" title="Inquisitorial system">inquisitorial</a>. The judiciary is independent, and judges appointed by the president are not removable. The president and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for six-year terms and may serve consecutive terms. Proceedings are public, except in special circumstances provided for by law. </p><p>Judicial power is vested in a hierarchical system of courts, culminating with the supreme court: Înalta Curte de Justiție și Casație (<a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">High Court of Cassation and Justice</a>), whose judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates. </p><p>The Ministry of Justice represents the general interests of society and defends the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a> and citizens' rights and freedoms. The ministry exercises its power through independent, impartial public prosecutors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_issues">Constitutional issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Constitutional issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Main office-holders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">President of the Constitutional Court</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valer_Dorneanu" title="Valer Dorneanu">Valer Dorneanu</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td>June 2016 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The (Constitutional Court) judges issues of constitutionality invoked in any court and judges the compliance of laws (or other state regulations) with the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Constitution">Romanian Constitution</a>. The court, outside the judicial branch, follows the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">French Constitutional Council</a> with nine judges serving nine-year, non-renewable terms. Since the 2003 revision of the constitution, its decisions cannot be overturned by a parliamentary majority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_institutions">Regional institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Regional institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions of Romania</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ROMANIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/ROMANIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM.png/500px-ROMANIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/ROMANIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM.png/750px-ROMANIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/ROMANIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM.png/1000px-ROMANIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The Romanian political mechanism</figcaption></figure> <p>For territorial and administrative purposes, Romania is divided into 41 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">counties</a> (<i>județe</i>, singular <i>județ</i>) and the city of <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. Each county is governed by an elected council. Local councils and elected mayors are the public authorities in villages and towns. The county council coordinates the activities of village and town councils. </p><p>The central government appoints a <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">prefect</a> for each county and Bucharest, who represents the government at the local level and directs the ministries and other central agencies at the county level. A prefect may block the action of a local authority if he deems it unlawful or unconstitutional, with the matter then adjudicated by an administrative court. </p><p>Under legislation enacted in January 1999, local councils control the spending of their allocations from the central government budget and have the authority to raise additional revenue locally. Although centrally-appointed prefects formerly had significant authority over the budget, this is now limited to a review of expenditures to determine their constitutionality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations of Romania</a></div> <p>On 1 January 2007, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the European Union">member of the European Union</a> (EU) in the fifth wave of <a href="/wiki/EU_enlargement" class="mw-redirect" title="EU enlargement">EU enlargement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2000s, Romania implemented a number of reforms to prepare for EU accession, including the consolidation of its democratic systems, the institution of the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>, the acknowledgement of respect for <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">human rights</a>, the commitment to personal <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>, and the implementation of a functioning <a href="/wiki/Free-market_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market economy">free-market economy</a>. </p><p>Romania joined the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO) on March 29, 2004, following the decision taken at the <a href="/wiki/2002_Prague_summit" title="2002 Prague summit">Prague Summit</a>, in November 2002. Romania was a partner to the allied forces during the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, particularly during its service as president of the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a>. Romania has been active in peacekeeping operations in <a href="/wiki/UNAVEM_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="UNAVEM (disambiguation)">UNAVEM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="IFOR">IFOR</a>/<a href="/wiki/SFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="SFOR">SFOR</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and sent 860 troops to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> after the invasion led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>Romania has developed strong <a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Hungary–Romania relations">relations with Hungary</a>, with the latter playing a key role in supporting Romania's bid to join the EU.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Romania's <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania">ethnic Hungarian party</a> also participated in all the government coalitions between 1996 and 2008 and from 2009. In 1996, Romania signed and ratified a basic bilateral treaty with Hungary that settled outstanding disagreements, laying the foundation for closer, more cooperative relations.<sup id="cite_ref-1996treaty_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1996treaty-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bulgarian relations with Romania feature regular official visits by the two presidents. In the first half of the 20th century, Romania and Bulgaria had a serious conflict over the <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a> region. This dispute, while now largely forgotten, escalated into all out war in 1913. The territorial dispute between the two countries ended with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Craiova" title="Treaty of Craiova">Treaty of Craiova</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Human rights in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Military of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Moldova–Romania relations">Relations of Romania with Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Movement for unification of Romania and Moldova</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orban-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orban_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orban withdrew in favour of Lasconi, but was still on the ballot.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_of_Liberal-Conservative_Right_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance of Liberal-Conservative Right Forces (page does not exist)">Alliance of Liberal-Conservative Right Forces</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Platform_for_Democracy,_Prosperity,_and_Progress" title="Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress">Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_of_Liberal-Conservative_Right_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance of Liberal-Conservative Right Forces (page does not exist)">Alliance of Liberal-Conservative Right Forces</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Platform_for_Democracy,_Prosperity,_and_Progress" title="Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress">Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> have run together in some cities, countryside and in <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilfov_County" title="Ilfov County">Ilfov</a> counties at local election</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/">"Democracy Index 2023"</a>. <i>Economist Intelligence Unit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.atitle=Democracy+Index+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eiu.com%2Fn%2Fcampaigns%2Fdemocracy-index-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRedacția2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Redacția (6 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.g4media.ro/elena-lasconi-sunt-aici-sa-apar-democratia-si-nu-renunt-la-lupta-cea-dreapta-pentru-a-indrepta-ce-a-distrus-un-sistem-corupt-in-35-de-ani.html">"Elena Lasconi: Sunt aici să apăr democraţia şi nu renunţ la lupta cea dreaptă pentru a îndrepta ce a distrus un sistem corupt în 35 de ani"</a>. <i>G4Media.ro</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G4Media.ro&rft.atitle=Elena+Lasconi%3A+Sunt+aici+s%C4%83+ap%C4%83r+democra%C5%A3ia+%C5%9Fi+nu+renun%C5%A3+la+lupta+cea+dreapt%C4%83+pentru+a+%C3%AEndrepta+ce+a+distrus+un+sistem+corupt+%C3%AEn+35+de+ani&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft.au=Redac%C8%9Bia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.g4media.ro%2Felena-lasconi-sunt-aici-sa-apar-democratia-si-nu-renunt-la-lupta-cea-dreapta-pentru-a-indrepta-ce-a-distrus-un-sistem-corupt-in-35-de-ani.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMihăescu2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mihăescu, Alexandru (6 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.g4media.ro/breaking-elena-lasconi-decizia-ccr-e-ilegala-condamn-cu-tarie-ce-au-facut-azi-statul-roman-a-calcat-in-picioare-democratia.html">"BREAKING Elena Lasconi: Decizia CCR e ilegală. Condamn cu tărie ce au făcut azi. Statul român a călcat în picioare democrația"</a>. <i>G4Media.ro</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G4Media.ro&rft.atitle=BREAKING+Elena+Lasconi%3A+Decizia+CCR+e+ilegal%C4%83.+Condamn+cu+t%C4%83rie+ce+au+f%C4%83cut+azi.+Statul+rom%C3%A2n+a+c%C4%83lcat+%C3%AEn+picioare+democra%C8%9Bia&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft.aulast=Mih%C4%83escu&rft.aufirst=Alexandru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.g4media.ro%2Fbreaking-elena-lasconi-decizia-ccr-e-ilegala-condamn-cu-tarie-ce-au-facut-azi-statul-roman-a-calcat-in-picioare-democratia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.b1tv.ro/politica/ungureanu-usr-dupa-anularea-turului-1-al-prezidentialelor-ccr-vrea-neaparat-un-om-al-sistemului-psd-pnl-in-fruntea-statului-sa-ne-spuna-ccr-dominata-de-psd-pnl-cine-ar-trebui-sa-fie-viitorul-pr-1536796.html/amp">"B1TV.ro - Ungureanu (USR), după anularea turului 1 al prezidențialelor: CCR vrea neapărat un om al sistemului PSD-PNL în fruntea statului. Să ne spună CCR, dominată de PSD-PNL, cine ar trebui să fie viitorul președinte, de ce mai votează românii? - B1TV.ro"</a>. <i>www.b1tv.ro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.b1tv.ro&rft.atitle=B1TV.ro+-+Ungureanu+%28USR%29%2C+dup%C4%83+anularea+turului+1+al+preziden%C8%9Bialelor%3A+CCR+vrea+neap%C4%83rat+un+om+al+sistemului+PSD-PNL+%C3%AEn+fruntea+statului.+S%C4%83+ne+spun%C4%83+CCR%2C+dominat%C4%83+de+PSD-PNL%2C+cine+ar+trebui+s%C4%83+fie+viitorul+pre%C8%99edinte%2C+de+ce+mai+voteaz%C4%83+rom%C3%A2nii%3F+-+B1TV.ro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b1tv.ro%2Fpolitica%2Fungureanu-usr-dupa-anularea-turului-1-al-prezidentialelor-ccr-vrea-neaparat-un-om-al-sistemului-psd-pnl-in-fruntea-statului-sa-ne-spuna-ccr-dominata-de-psd-pnl-cine-ar-trebui-sa-fie-viitorul-pr-1536796.html%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/ro/rom%C3%A2nia/20241206-cristian-ghinea-usr-la-rfi-decizia-ccr-este-o-uria%C8%99%C4%83-ru%C8%99ine-pentru-rom%C3%A2nia">"Cristian Ghinea (USR) la RFI: Decizia CCR este o uriașă rușine pentru România"</a>. <i>RFI</i> (in Romanian). 6 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=Cristian+Ghinea+%28USR%29+la+RFI%3A+Decizia+CCR+este+o+uria%C8%99%C4%83+ru%C8%99ine+pentru+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fro%2From%25C3%25A2nia%2F20241206-cristian-ghinea-usr-la-rfi-decizia-ccr-este-o-uria%25C8%2599%25C4%2583-ru%25C8%2599ine-pentru-rom%25C3%25A2nia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/toiu-usr-despre-anularea-alegerilor-s-au-schimbat-opiniile-politice-iar-asta-nu-e-ceva-ce-ar-trebui-vreodata-sa-influenteze-ccr-3036751">"Țoiu (USR), despre anularea alegerilor: S-au schimbat opiniile politice iar asta nu e ceva ce ar trebui vreodată să influențeze CCR"</a>. <i>www.digi24.ro</i> (in Romanian). 6 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.digi24.ro&rft.atitle=%C8%9Aoiu+%28USR%29%2C+despre+anularea+alegerilor%3A+S-au+schimbat+opiniile+politice+iar+asta+nu+e+ceva+ce+ar+trebui+vreodat%C4%83+s%C4%83+influen%C8%9Beze+CCR&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digi24.ro%2Fstiri%2Factualitate%2Fpolitica%2Ftoiu-usr-despre-anularea-alegerilor-s-au-schimbat-opiniile-politice-iar-asta-nu-e-ceva-ce-ar-trebui-vreodata-sa-influenteze-ccr-3036751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTănase2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tănase, Roxana (6 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.observatorulph.ro/politic/2740953-presedintele-usr-prahova-felix-bulearca-despre-anularea-alegerilor-prezidentiale-decizia-ccr-este-ilegala-imorala-si-zdrobeste-esenta-democratiei-votul?amp">"Președintele USR Prahova, Felix Bulearcă, despre anularea alegerilor prezidențiale : "Sistemul a călcat democrația în picioare"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Observatorul Prahovean</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Observatorul+Prahovean&rft.atitle=Pre%C8%99edintele+USR+Prahova%2C+Felix+Bulearc%C4%83%2C+despre+anularea+alegerilor+preziden%C8%9Biale+%3A+%22Sistemul+a+c%C4%83lcat+democra%C8%9Bia+%C3%AEn+picioare%22&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft.aulast=T%C4%83nase&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.observatorulph.ro%2Fpolitic%2F2740953-presedintele-usr-prahova-felix-bulearca-despre-anularea-alegerilor-prezidentiale-decizia-ccr-este-ilegala-imorala-si-zdrobeste-esenta-democratiei-votul%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.b1tv.ro/politica/mosteanu-usr-dupa-decizia-ccr-privind-prezidentialele-statul-roman-a-iesit-in-genunchi-institutiile-sunt-praf-doar-am-amanat-lupta-cu-extremismul-video-1536896.html/amp">"B1TV.ro - Moșteanu (USR), după decizia CCR privind prezidențialele: Statul român a ieșit în genunchi, instituțiile sunt praf. Doar am amânat lupta cu extremismul (VIDEO) - B1TV.ro"</a>. <i>www.b1tv.ro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.b1tv.ro&rft.atitle=B1TV.ro+-+Mo%C8%99teanu+%28USR%29%2C+dup%C4%83+decizia+CCR+privind+preziden%C8%9Bialele%3A+Statul+rom%C3%A2n+a+ie%C8%99it+%C3%AEn+genunchi%2C+institu%C8%9Biile+sunt+praf.+Doar+am+am%C3%A2nat+lupta+cu+extremismul+%28VIDEO%29+-+B1TV.ro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b1tv.ro%2Fpolitica%2Fmosteanu-usr-dupa-decizia-ccr-privind-prezidentialele-statul-roman-a-iesit-in-genunchi-institutiile-sunt-praf-doar-am-amanat-lupta-cu-extremismul-video-1536896.html%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRedacția2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Redacția (6 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.g4media.ro/vlad-voiculescu-usr-condamna-decizia-de-anulare-a-alegerilor-prezidentiale-romanii-au-fost-batjocoriti-dreptul-lor-de-a-alege-a-fost-suspendat-de-ccr.html">"Vlad Voiculescu (USR) condamnă decizia de anulare a alegerilor prezidențiale: Românii au fost batjocoriți/ Dreptul lor de a alege a fost suspendat de CCR"</a>. <i>G4Media.ro</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G4Media.ro&rft.atitle=Vlad+Voiculescu+%28USR%29+condamn%C4%83+decizia+de+anulare+a+alegerilor+preziden%C8%9Biale%3A+Rom%C3%A2nii+au+fost+batjocori%C8%9Bi%2F+Dreptul+lor+de+a+alege+a+fost+suspendat+de+CCR&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft.au=Redac%C8%9Bia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.g4media.ro%2Fvlad-voiculescu-usr-condamna-decizia-de-anulare-a-alegerilor-prezidentiale-romanii-au-fost-batjocoriti-dreptul-lor-de-a-alege-a-fost-suspendat-de-ccr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.b1tv.ro/politica/radu-mihaiu-usr-despre-anularea-alegerilor-prezidentiale-e-o-decizie-total-neasteptata-care-are-un-pret-pe-care-romania-il-va-plati-mult-timp-de-acum-inainte-video-1536875.html/amp">"B1TV.ro - Radu Mihaiu (USR), despre anularea alegerilor prezidențiale: E o decizie total neașteptată, care are un preț pe care România îl va plăti mult timp de acum înainte (VIDEO) - B1TV.ro"</a>. <i>www.b1tv.ro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.b1tv.ro&rft.atitle=B1TV.ro+-+Radu+Mihaiu+%28USR%29%2C+despre+anularea+alegerilor+preziden%C8%9Biale%3A+E+o+decizie+total+nea%C8%99teptat%C4%83%2C+care+are+un+pre%C8%9B+pe+care+Rom%C3%A2nia+%C3%AEl+va+pl%C4%83ti+mult+timp+de+acum+%C3%AEnainte+%28VIDEO%29+-+B1TV.ro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b1tv.ro%2Fpolitica%2Fradu-mihaiu-usr-despre-anularea-alegerilor-prezidentiale-e-o-decizie-total-neasteptata-care-are-un-pret-pe-care-romania-il-va-plati-mult-timp-de-acum-inainte-video-1536875.html%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turnulsfatului.ro/2024/12/06/reactii-la-decizia-ccr-ruxandra-cibu-deaconu-presedinta-usr-sibiu-bdquo-nu-este-in-regula-sa-repetam-alegerile-pana-cand-iese-cine-trebuie-rdquo-216209">"Reacții la decizia CCR. Ruxandra-Cibu Deaconu, președinta USR Sibiu: " Nu este în regulă să repetăm alegerile până când iese cine trebuie"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.turnulsfatului.ro</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.turnulsfatului.ro&rft.atitle=Reac%C8%9Bii+la+decizia+CCR.+Ruxandra-Cibu+Deaconu%2C+pre%C8%99edinta+USR+Sibiu%3A+%22+Nu+este+%C3%AEn+regul%C4%83+s%C4%83+repet%C4%83m+alegerile+p%C3%A2n%C4%83+c%C3%A2nd+iese+cine+trebuie%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turnulsfatului.ro%2F2024%2F12%2F06%2Freactii-la-decizia-ccr-ruxandra-cibu-deaconu-presedinta-usr-sibiu-bdquo-nu-este-in-regula-sa-repetam-alegerile-pana-cand-iese-cine-trebuie-rdquo-216209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.today/20250227082636/https://www.economist.com/interactive/democracy-index-2024#selection-9001.455-9005.1">https://archive.today/20250227082636/https://www.economist.com/interactive/democracy-index-2024#selection-9001.455-9005.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/bulgaria-and-romania-join-schengen-area-2025-01-03_en">"Bulgaria and Romania join the Schengen Area"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+and+Romania+join+the+Schengen+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome-affairs.ec.europa.eu%2Fnews%2Fbulgaria-and-romania-join-schengen-area-2025-01-03_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSorin_Bocancea2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sorin Bocancea (4 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/news/politica/patrulaterul-rosu-seintoarce-1_545910960d133766a888fee5/index.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Patrulaterul roşu" se întoarce"</a>. <i>Adevărul</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=%22Patrulaterul+ro%C5%9Fu%22+se+%C3%AEntoarce&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft.au=Sorin+Bocancea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fnews%2Fpolitica%2Fpatrulaterul-rosu-seintoarce-1_545910960d133766a888fee5%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jurnalul.ro/vechiul-site/old-site/english-version/calin-popescu-tariceanu-gets-the-pm-job-54230.html">"Calin Popescu Tariceanu Gets the PM Job"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calin+Popescu+Tariceanu+Gets+the+PM+Job&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjurnalul.ro%2Fvechiul-site%2Fold-site%2Fenglish-version%2Fcalin-popescu-tariceanu-gets-the-pm-job-54230.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/d3be5f1a-ee6e-11db-b5e9-000b5df10621.html">"Romanian parliament suspends president"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/d3be5f1a-ee6e-11db-b5e9-000b5df10621.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Perioada electorală începe pe 18 februarie, iar campania, pe 4 aprilie"</a> (in Romanian). 30 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calendarul+alegerilor+preziden%C5%A3iale+2025.+Perioada+electoral%C4%83+%C3%AEncepe+pe+18+februarie%2C+iar+campania%2C+pe+4+aprilie&rft.date=2025-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digi24.ro%2Falegeri-prezidentiale-2025%2Fcalendarul-alegerilor-prezidentiale-2025-perioada-electorala-incepe-pe-18-februarie-iar-campania-pe-4-aprilie-3101691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209134452/http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=339">"CONSTITUTIA ROMÂNIEI"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=339">the original</a> on 9 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CONSTITUTIA+ROM%C3%82NIEI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdep.ro%2Fpls%2Fdic%2Fsite.page%3Fid%3D339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004184136/http://www.becparlamentare2008.ro/rezul/part_tara_100.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.becparlamentare2008.ro/rezul/part_tara_100.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.becparlamentare2008.ro%2Frezul%2Fpart_tara_100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/5th_enlargement/index_en.htm">Enlargement, 3 years after</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090625150449/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/5th_enlargement/index_en.htm">Archived</a> 25 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa (web portal)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1996treaty-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1996treaty_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708162328/http://www.dri.gov.ro/lege-nr-1131996-pentru-ratificarea-tratatului-de-intelegere-cooperare-si-buna-vecinatate-dintre-romania-si-republica-ungara-semnat-la-timisoara-la-16-septembrie-1996/">"Lege nr. 113/1996 pentru ratificarea Tratatului de înţelegere, cooperare şi bună vecinătate dintre România şi Republica Ungară, semnat la Timişoara la 16 septembrie 1996 – DRI"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dri.gov.ro/lege-nr-1131996-pentru-ratificarea-tratatului-de-intelegere-cooperare-si-buna-vecinatate-dintre-romania-si-republica-ungara-semnat-la-timisoara-la-16-septembrie-1996/">the original</a> on 8 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lege+nr.+113%2F1996+pentru+ratificarea+Tratatului+de+%C3%AEn%C5%A3elegere%2C+cooperare+%C5%9Fi+bun%C4%83+vecin%C4%83tate+dintre+Rom%C3%A2nia+%C5%9Fi+Republica+Ungar%C4%83%2C+semnat+la+Timi%C5%9Foara+la+16+septembrie+1996+%E2%80%93+DRI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dri.gov.ro%2Flege-nr-1131996-pentru-ratificarea-tratatului-de-intelegere-cooperare-si-buna-vecinatate-dintre-romania-si-republica-ungara-semnat-la-timisoara-la-16-septembrie-1996%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030726141818/http://www.embassy.romania.org/">List of Romanian Embassies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Romania.htm">World Statesmen: Romania</a>, including a comprehensive list of princes, monarchs, prime ministers, etc.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011054358/http://web.ku.edu/~herron/europe/romania.php">Erik Herron's Guide to Politics of East Central Europe and Eurasia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Romania&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John Hickman and Chris Little, "Seat/Vote Proportionality in Romanian and Spanish Parliamentary Elections", <i>Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans</i> Volume 2, Number 2, November 2000.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romania_topics" title="Template:Romania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romania_topics" title="Template talk:Romania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romania_articles575" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Romanian_history" title="Timeline of Romanian history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Romania" title="Timeline of ancient Romania">ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Romania">Prehistoric Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Romania">Early Modern Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Communist Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Romania" title="List of earthquakes in Romania">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Romania" title="Fauna of Romania">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Romania" title="Flora of Romania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Romania" title="List of islands of Romania">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Romania" title="List of lakes of Romania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Romania" title="List of mountains in Romania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Romania" title="Protected areas of Romania">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Romania" title="List of rivers of Romania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Romania" title="Territorial evolution of Romania">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Romania" title="Topography of Romania">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Romania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Romania">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Romanian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Romanian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Moldova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Romania" title="Agriculture in Romania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Romania" title="List of exports of Romania">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Romania" title="Foreign direct investment in Romania">Foreign investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Romania" title="Foreign trade of Romania">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Romania" title="Forestry in Romania">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Romania" title="Great Depression in Romania">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Romania" title="Industry of Romania">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Romania" title="Mining industry of Romania">mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry_in_Romania" title="Petrochemical industry in Romania">petrochemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Leu <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Romania" title="Pensions in Romania">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_property_bubble" title="Romanian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Romania" title="Science and technology in Romania">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_in_Romania" title="Services in Romania">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Romania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Romania" title="Tourism in Romania">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Romania" title="Transport in Romania">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Romania" title="Rail transport in Romania">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Romania" title="Category:Society of Romania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Romania" title="Crime in Romania">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Romania" title="Healthcare in Romania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Romania" title="Prostitution in Romania">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Romania" title="Racism in Romania">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Romania" title="Refugees in Romania">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Gypsies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_Romania" title="Social structure of Romania">Social structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Romania" title="Welfare in Romania">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_architecture" title="Romanian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_art" title="Romanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Romania" title="Folklore of Romania">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_humour" title="Romanian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_literature" title="Romanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Romania" title="Mass media in Romania">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" title="Romanian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Romania" title="Sport in Romania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Romania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Romania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romania" title="Category:Romania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Europe123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Europe" title="Template:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Europe123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Europe" title="Politics of Europe">Politics of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Albania" title="Politics of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Andorra" title="Politics of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Armenia" title="Politics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" title="Politics of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belarus" title="Politics of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bulgaria" title="Politics of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Politics of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Estonia" title="Politics of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Finland" title="Politics of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greece" title="Politics of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iceland" title="Politics of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Latvia" title="Politics of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liechtenstein" title="Politics of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Luxembourg" title="Politics of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Moldova" title="Politics of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Monaco" title="Politics of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montenegro" title="Politics of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Politics of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norway" title="Politics of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_San_Marino" title="Politics of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovakia" title="Politics of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovenia" title="Politics of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden" title="Politics of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia" title="Politics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kosovo" title="Politics of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Politics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Transnistria" title="Politics of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_%C3%85land" title="Politics of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Politics of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Politics of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey" title="Politics of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Svalbard" title="Politics of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Romania&#124;link=Romania_Elections_and_referendums_in_Romania358" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanian_elections" title="Template:Romanian elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanian_elections" title="Template talk:Romanian elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Romania&#124;link=Romania_Elections_and_referendums_in_Romania358" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections and referendums</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliamentary elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_Romanian_general_election" title="1864 Romanian general election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=April_1866_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="April 1866 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1866 (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1866_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1866 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1866 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Romanian_general_election" title="1867 Romanian general election">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Romanian_Senate_election" title="1868 Romanian Senate election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1869_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1869 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1870 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1871_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1871 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1874_Romanian_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1874 Romanian Senate election (page does not exist)">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1875_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1875 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1876_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1876 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1877_Romanian_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1877 Romanian Senate election (page does not exist)">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1878_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1878 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1879_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1879 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1883_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1883 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1884_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1884 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_1888_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="January 1888 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1888 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=October_1888_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October 1888 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1888 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1891_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1891 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Romanian_general_election" title="1892 Romanian general election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1895_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1895 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899_Romanian_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1899 Romanian general election (page does not exist)">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_Romanian_general_election" title="1901 Romanian general election">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Romanian_general_election" title="1905 Romanian general election">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Romanian_general_election" title="1907 Romanian general election">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Romanian_general_election" title="1911 Romanian general election">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Romanian_general_election" title="1912 Romanian general election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Romanian_general_election" title="1914 Romanian general election">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Romanian_general_election" title="1918 Romanian general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Romanian_general_election" title="1919 Romanian general election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Romanian_general_election" title="1920 Romanian general election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Romanian_general_election" title="1922 Romanian general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Romanian_general_election" title="1926 Romanian general election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Romanian_general_election" title="1927 Romanian general election">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Romanian_general_election" title="1928 Romanian general election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Romanian_general_election" title="1931 Romanian general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Romanian_general_election" title="1932 Romanian general election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Romanian_general_election" title="1933 Romanian general election">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Romanian_general_election" title="1937 Romanian general election">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Romanian_general_election" title="1939 Romanian general election">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Romanian_general_election" title="1946 Romanian general election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1948 Romanian parliamentary election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1952 Romanian parliamentary election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1957 Romanian parliamentary election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1961 Romanian parliamentary election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1965 Romanian parliamentary election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1969 Romanian parliamentary election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1975 Romanian parliamentary election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1980 Romanian parliamentary election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="1985 Romanian parliamentary election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Romanian_general_election" title="1990 Romanian general election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Romanian_general_election" title="1992 Romanian general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Romanian_general_election" title="1996 Romanian general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Romanian_general_election" title="2000 Romanian general election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Romanian_general_election" title="2004 Romanian general election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2008 Romanian parliamentary election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Romanian parliamentary election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Romanian parliamentary election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Romanian parliamentary election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Romanian parliamentary election">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="Next Romanian parliamentary election">Next</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Romanian_general_election" title="1990 Romanian general election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Romanian_general_election" title="1992 Romanian general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Romanian_general_election" title="1996 Romanian general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Romanian_general_election" title="2000 Romanian general election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Romanian_general_election" title="2004 Romanian general election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2009 Romanian presidential election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2014 Romanian presidential election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2019 Romanian presidential election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Romanian presidential election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2025 Romanian presidential election"><i>2025</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1864_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1864 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1866_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1866 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1869_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1869 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1870 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1871_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1871 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1874_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1874 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1876_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1876 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1879_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1879 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1883_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1883 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1884_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1884 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1888_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1888 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1890_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1890 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1891_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1891 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1895_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1895 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1899 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1901 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1905_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1905 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1907_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1907 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1911_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1911 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1912 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1914 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Romanian_local_elections" title="1930 Romanian local elections">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Romanian_local_elections" title="1936 Romanian local elections">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Romanian_local_elections" title="1977 Romanian local elections">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Romanian_local_elections" title="1980 Romanian local elections">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Romanian_local_elections" title="1982 Romanian local elections">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Romanian_local_elections" title="1987 Romanian local elections">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Romanian_local_elections" title="1992 Romanian local elections">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Romanian_local_elections" title="1996 Romanian local elections">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Romanian_local_elections" title="2000 Romanian local elections">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Romanian_local_elections" title="2004 Romanian local elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Romanian_local_elections" title="2008 Romanian local elections">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Romanian_local_elections" title="2012 Romanian local elections">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Romanian_local_elections" title="2016 Romanian local elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_local_elections" title="2020 Romanian local elections">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_local_elections" title="2024 Romanian local elections">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=2028_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2028 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)">2028</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2007 European Parliament election in Romania">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Romania">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Romania">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Romania">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=2029_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2029 European Parliament election in Romania (page does not exist)">2029</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Bessarabia</b>: <a href="/wiki/1917_Sfatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rii_election" title="1917 Sfatul Țării election">1917</a></li> <li><b>Moldavia</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=1832_Moldavian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1832 Moldavian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1837_Moldavian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1837 Moldavian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1842_Moldavian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1842 Moldavian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1842</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1847_Moldavian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1847 Moldavian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1857_Moldavian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="July 1857 Moldavian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1857 (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1857_Moldavian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1857 Moldavian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1857 (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1858_Moldavian_Elective_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1858 Moldavian Elective Assembly (page does not exist)">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1860_Moldavian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1860 Moldavian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1860</a></li> <li><b>Transylvania</b>: <a href="/wiki/1918_Great_National_Assembly_election" title="1918 Great National Assembly election">1918</a></li> <li><b>Wallachia</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=1831_Wallachian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1831 Wallachian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1836_Wallachian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1836 Wallachian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1841_Wallachian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1841 Wallachian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1842_Wallachian_princely_election" title="1842 Wallachian princely election">1842</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1846_Wallachian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1846 Wallachian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_Wallachian_parliamentary_election" title="1857 Wallachian parliamentary election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_Wallachian_Elective_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1859 Wallachian Elective Assembly (page does not exist)">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1860_Wallachian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1860 Wallachian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1861_Wallachian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1861 Wallachian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1861</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1864 Romanian constitutional referendum">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Romanian_prince_referendum" title="1866 Romanian prince referendum">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1938 Romanian constitutional referendum">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1941_Romanian_policy_referendum" title="March 1941 Romanian policy referendum">1941 (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1941_Romanian_policy_referendum" title="November 1941 Romanian policy referendum">1941 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Romanian_military_referendum" title="1986 Romanian military referendum">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1991 Romanian constitutional referendum">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="2003 Romanian constitutional referendum">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Romanian_presidential_impeachment_referendum" title="2007 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum">2007 (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Romanian_electoral_system_referendum" title="2007 Romanian electoral system referendum">2007 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Romanian_parliamentary_reform_referendum" title="2009 Romanian parliamentary reform referendum">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Romanian_presidential_impeachment_referendum" title="2012 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="2018 Romanian constitutional referendum">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Romanian_referendum" title="2019 Romanian referendum">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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