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id="toc-Level_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Design goals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Player_directing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Player_directing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Player directing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Player_directing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Level_streaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Level_streaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Level streaming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Level_streaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Level_designer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Level_designer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Level designer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Level_designer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Level_creation_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Level_creation_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Level creation tools</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Level_creation_tools-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Level creation tools subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Level_creation_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Level_editor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Level_editor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Level editor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Level_editor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_set" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_set"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Construction set</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_set-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gameplay_alteration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gameplay_alteration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gameplay alteration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gameplay_alteration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gameplay alteration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gameplay_alteration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minigame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minigame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Minigame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minigame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidden_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidden_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hidden features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidden_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bonus_stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonus_stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bonus stage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonus_stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Level_bugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Level_bugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Level bugs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Level_bugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Level (video games)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89_(%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88)" title="مستوى (لعبة فيديو) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستوى (لعبة فيديو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_(videojocs)" title="Nivell (videojocs) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nivell (videojocs)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(%C3%BArove%C5%88)" title="Level (úroveň) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Level (úroveň)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(Spielabschnitt)" title="Level (Spielabschnitt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Level (Spielabschnitt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_(videojuegos)" title="Nivel (videojuegos) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nivel (videojuegos)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C)" title="لول (بازی‌های ویدئویی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لول (بازی‌های ویدئویی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveau_(jeu_vid%C3%A9o)" title="Niveau (jeu vidéo) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niveau (jeu vidéo)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%B2%A8_(%EB%B9%84%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84_%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4)" title="레벨 (비디오 게임 용어) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레벨 (비디오 게임 용어)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(permainan_video)" title="Level (permainan video) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Level (permainan video)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livello_(videogiochi)" title="Livello (videogiochi) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livello (videogiochi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahap_(permainan_video)" title="Tahap (permainan video) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tahap (permainan video)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level" title="Level – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Level" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0)" title="ステージ (コンピュータゲーム) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ステージ (コンピュータゲーム)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niv%C3%A5_(videospill)" title="Nivå (videospill) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nivå (videospill)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poziom_(gry_komputerowe)" title="Poziom (gry komputerowe) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poziom (gry komputerowe)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1gio_(jogos_eletr%C3%B4nicos)" title="Estágio (jogos eletrônicos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estágio (jogos eletrônicos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Уровень (игры) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уровень (игры)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Level (video games)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C)" title="ئاست (کایەی ڤیدیۆیی) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاست (کایەی ڤیدیۆیی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentt%C3%A4_(videopeli)" title="Kenttä (videopeli) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kenttä (videopeli)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bana_(datorspel)" title="Bana (datorspel) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bana (datorspel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5_(%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1)" title="เลเวล (วิดีโอเกม) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลเวล (วิดีโอเกม)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6l%C3%BCm_(video_oyunu)" title="Bölüm (video oyunu) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bölüm (video oyunu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Рівень (відеоігри) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рівень (відеоігри)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_(%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2)" title="سطح (ویڈیو گیمز) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سطح (ویڈیو گیمز)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E9%97%9C%E5%8D%A1" title="遊戲關卡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="遊戲關卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%8D%A1_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="關卡 (電子遊戲) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="關卡 (電子遊戲)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1046315#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Discrete play space in video games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about video game settings. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Level%22+video+games">"Level" video games</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Level%22+video+games+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Level%22+video+games&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Level%22+video+games+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Level%22+video+games">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Level%22+video+games&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edge_(video_game)_level_layout.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Edge_%28video_game%29_level_layout.png/170px-Edge_%28video_game%29_level_layout.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-industry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-industry.svg/80px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-industry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-industry.svg/120px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-industry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-industry.svg/160px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-industry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video game industry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_development" title="Video game development">Development</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_producer" title="Video game producer">Producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design#Game_designer" title="Video game design">Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design#Video_game_artist" title="Game art design">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programmer" title="Video game programmer">Programmer</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Design</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Level_design">Level design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programming" title="Video game programming">Programming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_video_games" title="Artificial intelligence in video games">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_creation_system" title="Game creation system">Creation system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_graphics" title="Video game graphics">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_testing" title="Game testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Products</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video game</a> <ul><li><i>Specialized / alternative-paradigmatic types</i>: <a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive movie">Interactive movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game" title="Nonviolent video game">Nonviolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_game" title="Serious game">Serious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_video_game" title="Educational video game">Edugame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exergaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Exergaming">Exergame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-game" title="Non-game">Non-game</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_accessory" title="Video game accessory">Accessory</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game publishing">Publishing</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_markets_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of video games markets by country">Markets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_China" title="Video games in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Japan" title="Video games in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_South_Korea" title="Video games in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_localization" title="Video game localization">Localization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_censorship" title="Video game censorship">Censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_content_rating_system" title="Video game content rating system">Content rating</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_piracy" title="Video game piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_clone" title="Video game clone">Clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_video_games" title="Intellectual property protection of video games">Intellectual property protection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution_of_video_games" title="Digital distribution of video games">Distribution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_game_monetization" title="Video game monetization">monetization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buy-to-play" title="Buy-to-play">Buy-to-play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAA_(video_game_industry)" title="AAA (video game industry)">AAA game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_pack" title="Expansion pack">Expansion pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episodic_video_game" title="Episodic video game">Episodic video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_access" title="Early access">Early access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding_in_video_games" title="Crowdfunding in video games">Crowdfunding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downloadable_content" title="Downloadable content">Downloadable content</a></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Games_as_a_service" title="Games as a service">Games as a service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_gaming" title="Cloud gaming">Cloud gaming</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-to-play" title="Free-to-play">Free-to-play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtransactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtransactions">Microtransactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In-game_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="In-game currency">In-game currency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loot_box" title="Loot box">Loot box</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gacha_game" title="Gacha game">gacha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_pass_(video_games)" title="Season pass (video games)">Season pass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_pass" title="Battle pass">Battle pass</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_in_video_games" title="Advertising in video games">Advertising in video games</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In-game_advertising" title="In-game advertising">in-game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advergame" title="Advergame">Advergame</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_studies" title="Game studies">Game studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Game journalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_developers" title="List of video game developers">List of video game developers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indie_game_developers" title="List of indie game developers">Indie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_publishers" title="List of video game publishers">List of video game publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_industry_people" title="List of video game industry people">List of video game industry people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_websites" title="List of video game websites">List of video game websites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_magazines" title="List of video game magazines">List of video game magazines</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_industry" title="Template:Video game industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_industry" title="Template talk:Video game industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>, a <b>level</b> (also referred to as a <b>map</b>, <b>mission</b>, <b>stage</b>, <b>course</b>, or <b>round</b> in some older games) is any space available to the player during the course of completion of an objective. Video game levels generally have progressively increasing difficulty to appeal to players with different skill levels.<sup id="cite_ref-schell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each level may present new concepts and challenges to keep a player's interest high.<sup id="cite_ref-schell_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In games with linear progression, levels are areas of a larger world, such as <a href="/wiki/Green_Hill_Zone" title="Green Hill Zone">Green Hill Zone</a>. Games may also feature interconnected levels, representing locations.<sup id="cite_ref-McJen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McJen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the challenge in a game is often to defeat some sort of character, levels are sometimes designed with a movement challenge, such as a jumping puzzle, a form of <a href="/wiki/Obstacle_course" title="Obstacle course">obstacle course</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players must judge the distance between platforms or ledges and safely jump between them to reach the next area.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These puzzles can slow the momentum down for players of fast <a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">action games</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first <i><a href="/wiki/Half-Life_(video_game)" title="Half-Life (video game)">Half-Life</a></i>'s <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penultimate" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:penultimate">penultimate</a> chapter, "Interloper", featured multiple moving platforms high in the air with enemies firing at the player from all sides.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Level_design">Level design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Level design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Video_game_development" title="Video game development">Video game development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a></div> <p><b>Level design</b> or <b>environment design</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a discipline of game development involving the making of video game levels—locales, stages or missions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is commonly done using a level editor, a <a href="/wiki/Game_development_tool" title="Game development tool">game development software</a> designed for building levels; however, some games feature built-in level editing tools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dromfaret_levels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dromfaret_levels.jpg/220px-Dromfaret_levels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dromfaret_levels.jpg/330px-Dromfaret_levels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dromfaret_levels.jpg/440px-Dromfaret_levels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">Two-dimensional</a> video game levels</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early days of video games (1970s–2000s), a single <a href="/wiki/Game_programmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Game programmer">programmer</a> would develop the maps and layouts for a game, and a discipline or profession dedicated solely to level design did not exist.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlesBlog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early games often featured a level system of ascending difficulty as opposed to progression of storyline.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of the former approach is the arcade <a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">shoot 'em up</a> game <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a></i> (1978), where each level looks the same, repeating endlessly until the player loses all their <a href="/wiki/Life_(video_games)" title="Life (video games)">lives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RG_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of the latter approach is the arcade <a href="/wiki/Platform_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform game">platform game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donkey Kong (arcade game)">Donkey Kong</a></i> (1981), which uses multiple distinct levels to progress a storyline; as <a href="/wiki/Mario" title="Mario">Mario</a> (originally called Jumpman) tries to rescue <a href="/wiki/Pauline_(Nintendo)" title="Pauline (Nintendo)">Pauline</a> from <a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(character)" title="Donkey Kong (character)">Donkey Kong</a>, each level ends with Kong fleeing with Pauline and then Mario having to complete a different level each time, until he finally confronts Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-RG_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lebowitz_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lebowitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1983's <i><a href="/wiki/Lode_Runner" title="Lode Runner">Lode Runner</a></i> was one of the first titles to ship with a level editor.<sup id="cite_ref-CGWcontest_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGWcontest-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its designer, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Smith" title="Douglas E. Smith">Doug Smith</a>, reputedly paid neighborhood children to design levels for the game. The same year, the multiplayer dungeon crawl <i><a href="/wiki/Dandy_(video_game)" title="Dandy (video game)">Dandy</a></i> was released, and it also shipped with a level editor which was documented in the manual.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/ZZT" title="ZZT">ZZT</a></i> (1991) is a later game with user-accessible mapping and scripting.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A game genre that required significant amounts of time to design areas were text-based games,<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUDs</a>. Often, promoted users were assigned to make new paths, new rooms, new equipment, and new actions, often using the game interface itself. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nexuiz_screenshot_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nexuiz_screenshot_05.jpg/220px-Nexuiz_screenshot_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nexuiz_screenshot_05.jpg/330px-Nexuiz_screenshot_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nexuiz_screenshot_05.jpg/440px-Nexuiz_screenshot_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>In games with <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D computer graphics</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Nexuiz" title="Nexuiz">Nexuiz</a></i>, the levels are designed as <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">three-dimensional spaces</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>3D first-person shooters <i><a href="/wiki/Doom_(1993_video_game)" title="Doom (1993 video game)">Doom</a></i> (1993) and <i><a href="/wiki/Doom_II" title="Doom II">Doom II</a></i> (1994) were two of the first games to attract focused <a href="/wiki/Mod_(computer_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod (computer gaming)">game modding</a> activity, and many <a href="/wiki/Doom_WAD" class="mw-redirect" title="Doom WAD">WAD level files</a> were made for them.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the reasons was a clear separation between the level files and game engine itself.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt3_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Half-Life_(video_game)#Mods" title="Half-Life (video game)">Half-Life</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Quake_III_Arena#Mods" title="Quake III Arena">Quake 3</a></i>, and many other games have notable mapping tools and communities<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="some community links/examples maybe (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> focusing on <a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">user-generated content</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Process">Process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Level design for each individual level in a modern game typically starts with concept art, sketches, renderings, and physical models.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once completed, these concepts transform into extensive documentation, environment modeling, and the placing of game specific entities (actors), usually with the aid of a level editor. </p><p>A level editor may be distributed as a complete stand-alone package, at times, rivaling commercial 3D modelling software.<sup id="cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlesBlog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are various steps involved in laying out a map and these steps may vary dramatically across the many different <a href="/wiki/Computer_and_video_game_genres" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer and video game genres">game genres</a> that exist as of the 2020s. </p><p>General steps include: </p> <ul><li>Laying out the large-scale features of the map, such as hills, cities, rooms, tunnels, etc., for players and enemies to move around in;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Determining environmental conditions and "ground rules" such as day/night, weather, scoring systems, allowable weapons or gameplay types, time limits, and starting resources.</li> <li>Specifying certain regions where certain gameplay activities or behaviors occur, such as resource harvesting, base building, water travelling, etc.;</li> <li>Specifying non-static parts of a level, such as doors, keys and buttons with associated mechanisms, teleporters, hidden passageways, etc.;</li> <li>Specifying locations of various entities, such as player units, enemies, monster spawn points, ladders, coins, resource nodes, weapons, save points,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc.;</li> <li>Specifying the start and exit locations for one or more players;</li> <li>Adding aesthetic details such as level-specific <a href="/wiki/Texture_mapping" title="Texture mapping">graphic textures</a>, sounds, animation, lighting and music;</li> <li>Introducing <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripted</a> event locations, where certain actions by the player can trigger specified changes;</li> <li>Placing <a href="/wiki/Pathfinding" title="Pathfinding">pathfinding</a> nodes that <a href="/wiki/Non-player_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-player characters">non-player characters</a> take as they walk around, the actions they will take in response to specific triggers, and any dialog they might have with the player.<sup id="cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlesBlog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The first level of the game is usually designed to get players to explore the mechanics of the game, notably in <a href="/wiki/World_1-1" title="World 1-1">World 1-1</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cut_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Cut scene">Cut scenes</a> may be triggered by events in a level, but require distinctly different skills, and may be produced by a different person or team. </p><p>The level design process may be iterated several times before achieving the desired outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlesBlog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What is meant by 'iterated'? (August 2021)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Level designers and concept artists may also be required to provide a pre-rendered map of the level (or entire game world) for the player.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_goals">Design goals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Level design is necessary for two primary purposes: providing players with a goal<sup id="cite_ref-Bates111112_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bates111112-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and providing players with enjoyable play experience. Good level design strives to produce quality gameplay, provide an <a href="/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)" title="Immersion (virtual reality)">immersive</a> experience, and sometimes, especially in story-based games, to advance the storyline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Player_directing">Player directing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Player directing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levels are generally constructed with flow control in mind;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that is, directing the player towards the goal of the level and preventing confusion and idling. This can be accomplished by various means. </p><p>Often the level layouts feature <a href="/wiki/Power-up" title="Power-up">power-ups</a> and items positioned so that collecting them inevitably makes the player move in the correct direction. This is one of the basic player direction techniques and is most often seen in platformers. </p><p>Lighting and illumination, as well as distinctly-coloured objects, are often used to unambiguously guide the player towards the correct path. Similarly, clearly marked choke-points can be introduced. </p><p>Another method is strategic placement of obstacles and aesthetic environment props that direct the player's attention to "clear" paths instead. This is often used in closed, "stuffed" environments. </p><p>Levels may be designed to force the players to explore the map and advance. Most Real-Time Strategy maps give each player a starting base, but will have resource distribution and terrain features designed to draw players out of their base and engage each other. Teamplay maps can provide noticeable advantages to one team over another, when designed poorly. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="In-game_streaming"></span><span class="anchor" id="Seamless_loading"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Level_streaming">Level streaming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Level streaming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commonly on older hardware, most games would load a single level and all of its assets at one time, and when the player completed the level, the next level would be loaded. The player would be presented with a <a href="/wiki/Loading_screen" title="Loading screen">loading screen</a> while the game loaded level information from storage. With more advanced computing hardware with faster <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">input/output</a> data transfer rates, such as optical drives, <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a> (HDDs), <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drives</a> (SSDs), and larger amounts of memory, game developers have been able to take advantage of continuously loading new level assets – models, textures, and audio – into the computer or console's memory as the player approaches the edge of one level and the start of a new one. This can effectively make the transition from one level to another level appear to be seamless and avoid the use of loading screens. This is known as level streaming or in-game streaming, and is often used for <a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">open world</a> games to give the perception of a fully-interconnected space. There are often tricks used to give the computer hardware sufficient time to load the assets for the next area. The player's speed may be reduced, while story cues are presented to draw the player's attention. The player may be required to enter areas in which their view of the world is plausibly restricted, sometimes referred to as "loading tunnels".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With newer consoles, such as the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X and Series S</a>, special SSD arrays alongside software libraries that have a total high data throughput can eliminate the need for any loading tunnels in a seamless world game.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Level_designer">Level designer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Level designer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A level designer is a <a href="/wiki/Game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Game designer">game designer</a> who makes environments and scenarios using a <a href="/wiki/Level_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Level editor">level editor</a> and other tools.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MooreNovak76_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MooreNovak76-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Level designers will usually work on a level from pre-production to completion – working with both incomplete and complete versions of the game. <a href="/wiki/Video_game_programmer" title="Video game programmer">Video game programmers</a> usually produce level editors and design tools for the designers to use. This eliminates the need for designers to access or modify <a href="/wiki/Codebase" title="Codebase">game code</a>. As opposed to the level editing tools sometimes available to the community, level designers often work with placeholders and <a href="/wiki/Software_prototyping" title="Software prototyping">prototypes</a> aiming for level consistency and clear layout before required <a href="/wiki/Video_game_art" title="Video game art">artwork</a> is produced by game artists. Many level designers have skills as both a <a href="/wiki/Visual_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual art">visual artist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Game designer">game designer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlesBlog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MooreNovak76_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MooreNovak76-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although in recent years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the responsibility for visual-, structural- and gameplay-related tasks has been increasingly divided among several specialists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Level_creation_tools">Level creation tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Level creation tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wide variety of tools may be used by someone designing and making a level. Although it is faster to design models and textures with general-purpose multimedia development tools, games usually require the data to be in a unique format suited for that <a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">game's engine</a>. For this, specific compilers and converters of models, textures, and audio data may be required to lay out a level. </p><p>Sometimes, professional <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D editing software</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/3D_Studio_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="3D Studio Max">3D Studio Max</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blender_(software)" title="Blender (software)">Blender</a>, <a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/LightWave_3D" title="LightWave 3D">Lightwave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Maya" title="Autodesk Maya">Maya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Softimage_XSI" class="mw-redirect" title="Softimage XSI">Softimage XSI</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grome" title="Grome">Grome</a> is used, usually customized with a special <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugin</a> developed for the specific game.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Level_editor">Level editor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Level editor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_level_editors" title="List of level editors">List of level editors</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TIDE_Tile_Map_Editor_Thumb_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/TIDE_Tile_Map_Editor_Thumb_01.png/220px-TIDE_Tile_Map_Editor_Thumb_01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/TIDE_Tile_Map_Editor_Thumb_01.png/330px-TIDE_Tile_Map_Editor_Thumb_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/TIDE_Tile_Map_Editor_Thumb_01.png/440px-TIDE_Tile_Map_Editor_Thumb_01.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>TIDE level editor showing tiles for a <a href="/wiki/Side_scroller" class="mw-redirect" title="Side scroller">side scroller</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warzone_2100_-_EditWorld_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Warzone_2100_-_EditWorld_-_1.jpg/220px-Warzone_2100_-_EditWorld_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Warzone_2100_-_EditWorld_-_1.jpg/330px-Warzone_2100_-_EditWorld_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Warzone_2100_-_EditWorld_-_1.jpg/440px-Warzone_2100_-_EditWorld_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>A level editor in the <a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">strategy game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Warzone_2100" title="Warzone 2100">Warzone 2100</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>level editor</b> (also known as a <b>map</b>, <b>campaign</b> or <b>scenario editor</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Game_development_tool" title="Game development tool">game development tool</a> used to design levels, maps, campaigns and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">virtual worlds</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a>. An individual involved with the development of game levels is a <a href="/wiki/Level_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Level designer">level designer</a> or mapper. </p><p>In some cases, the developer of a video game includes built-in level editing tools; for example, a track editor for a racing game. Other times they may release an official level editor for the game as a separate application. Sometimes players of the game develop fan-made level editors. </p><p>Developing level editors will allow the game creator to use the same load- and rendering routines as the game itself, and may make it easier and more pleasant to create levels.<sup id="cite_ref-dusted-20160328_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dusted-20160328-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developers of <a href="/wiki/FOSS" class="mw-redirect" title="FOSS">FOSS</a>-games may argue that a game is not complete until other users easily can add new levels.<sup id="cite_ref-dusted-20160328_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dusted-20160328-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the first 3D games which became popular partially due to level editors and fan-made maps, other game addons, and other works related to the game, was <a href="/wiki/Doom_(1993_video_game)" title="Doom (1993 video game)"><i>Doom</i></a>. The development of various third-party editors led to the formation of an online community trading fan-made maps.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A level editor is often limited to designing levels for only a certain <a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">game engine</a>. Developing a level editor takes a lot of time; it is more time- and cost-efficient to release multiple games using the same engine instead of developing a new engine and level editor for each game. As level editors generally allow for limited game-development work, to make larger changes to a game than simply adding new levels, a <a href="/wiki/Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">software development kit</a> (SDK) is sometimes needed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_set">Construction set</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Construction set"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Game_creation_system" title="Game creation system">Game creation system</a></div> <p>In the early years of video gaming, some games came with a utility called a "construction set". This was similar in many ways to a level editor. Some games used them to make extra levels, whereas others (like the <i><a href="/wiki/Shoot-%27Em-Up_Construction_Kit" title="Shoot-'Em-Up Construction Kit">Shoot-'Em-Up Construction Kit</a></i>) used them as a means to develop a game rather than be a game in itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay_alteration">Gameplay alteration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gameplay alteration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maps' design can significantly impact the gameplay.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates111112_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bates111112-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the gameplay may be shifted towards a platformer (by careful placement of platforms) or a puzzle game<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (by extensive use of buttons, keys, and doors). Some FPS maps may be designed to prevent <a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">sniping</a> by not including any long hallways, while other maps may allow for a mix of sniping and closer combat. </p><p><i>Gimmick maps</i> are sometimes developed to explore selected features of gameplay, such as sniping or fist fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While they are briefly useful to level designers and interesting to experienced players, they are usually not included in final list of levels of the game because of their limited replay value. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minigame">Minigame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Minigame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></div> <p>A <i>minigame</i> (also spelled mini-game or mini game, sometimes called a subgame or microgame) is a short video game often contained within another video game, and sometimes in application software or on a display of any form of hardware. A minigame contains different gameplay elements than the main game, may be optional, and is often smaller or more simplistic than the game in which it is contained. Minigames are sometimes also offered separately for free to promote the main game. Some minigames can also be bonus stages or secret levels. They are distinguishable from levels in that a level is an environment bound to a set of mechanics and rules that all defines all other normal levels in a game, whereas a minigame can use different rules and playstyles but may not necessarily be set in a different environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidden_features">Hidden features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hidden features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Secret level" redirects here. For the video game studio formerly named that, see <a href="/wiki/Sega_Studios_San_Francisco" title="Sega Studios San Francisco">Sega Studios San Francisco</a>. For the animated anthology series, see <a href="/wiki/Secret_Level" title="Secret Level">Secret Level</a>.</div> <p>Level designers sometimes make hidden rooms and areas that usually require more effort for the player to reach or to notice.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These usually give some additional rewards, such as ammo or powerups. They serve to induce players to explore.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, they serve as <a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_(virtual)" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter egg (virtual)">easter eggs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt2_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> containing messages such as the level designers' names or pictures, or political or humorous messages. One of the first games with a 3D engine to feature hidden features was <i><a href="/wiki/Wolfenstein_3D" title="Wolfenstein 3D">Wolfenstein 3D</a></i>, where certain walls could be pushed to reveal hidden passages.<sup id="cite_ref-ShahArt2_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShahArt2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes, a whole level may be designed as a secret level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonus_stage">Bonus stage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bonus stage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bonus_stage" title="Bonus stage">Bonus stage</a></div> <p>A bonus stage (also known as a bonus level or bonus round) is a special level within a <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> designed to reward the player or players, and typically allows the player to collect extra points or <a href="/wiki/Power-up" title="Power-up">power-ups</a>. Bonus stage either have no enemies or hazards, or replace the normal penalties for being struck by enemies or hazards with simply being thrown out of the bonus stage. Many bonus stages need to be activated or discovered in some manner, or certain conditions must be satisfied to access them. Otherwise, they appear after the player has completed a certain number of regular stages.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Level_bugs">Level bugs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Level bugs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many map bugs that level designers try to avoid, but sometimes go unnoticed for some time. </p><p>A player might get stuck in map geometry with no way to escape or to die. A player might be able to find a specific spot where they do not have to move to gain <a href="/wiki/Experience_point" title="Experience point">experience</a>, because monsters are constantly spawned but can be easily and immediately killed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In multiplayer maps, a player may be able to reach areas of the map designed to be inaccessible; for example, reaching an advantageous rooftop position and <a href="/wiki/Camping_(computer_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camping (computer gaming)">camping</a> other players. A player might be able to fall out-of-bounds of a map where other players cannot reach them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Invisible_wall" title="Invisible wall">Invisible walls</a> are cited to be level design bugs, and might be "left-over geometry" from an earlier version of the level or an object's improperly aligned "collision box".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some cases, specific mapping tools can be designed to automatically detect problems such as falling "outside" a level, and reaching "stuck" areas. Careful level designers run these tools as the last step before releasing a new version of a level.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases, the best way to improve a map is by playtesting it with experienced players, and allowing them to try to exploit any problems.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (August 2021)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_creation" class="mw-redirect" title="Online creation">Online creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod (video gaming)">Mod (video gaming)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM_hacking" title="ROM hacking">ROM hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gaming_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of gaming topics">List of gaming topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_tutorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Game tutorial">Game tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tier_list" title="Tier list">Tier list</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFScott_Rogers2014" class="citation book cs1">Scott Rogers (16 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UT5jAwAAQBAJ"><i>Level Up! The Guide to Great Video Game Design</i></a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-87719-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-87719-7"><bdi>978-1-118-87719-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Level+Up%21+The+Guide+to+Great+Video+Game+Design&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft.isbn=978-1-118-87719-7&rft.au=Scott+Rogers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUT5jAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis_Pulsipher2012" class="citation book cs1">Lewis Pulsipher (25 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SkAJt4gdgwoC"><i>Game Design: How to Create Video and Tabletop Games, Start to Finish</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9105-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9105-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-9105-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Design%3A+How+to+Create+Video+and+Tabletop+Games%2C+Start+to+Finish&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2012-07-25&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9105-6&rft.au=Lewis+Pulsipher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSkAJt4gdgwoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_W._Lecky-Thompson2008" class="citation book cs1">Guy W. Lecky-Thompson (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3aQLAAAAQBAJ"><i>Video Game Design Revealed</i></a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58450-607-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58450-607-2"><bdi>978-1-58450-607-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Video+Game+Design+Revealed&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-58450-607-2&rft.au=Guy+W.+Lecky-Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3aQLAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bates" class="citation book cs1">Bates, Bob (2004). <i>Game Design</i> (2nd ed.). Thomson Course Technology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59200-493-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59200-493-8"><bdi>1-59200-493-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Design&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thomson+Course+Technology&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59200-493-8&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BrSch" class="citation book cs1">Brathwaite, Brenda; Schreiber, Ian (2009). <i>Challenges for Game Designers</i>. Charles River Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58450-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58450-580-8"><bdi>978-1-58450-580-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Challenges+for+Game+Designers&rft.pub=Charles+River+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58450-580-8&rft.aulast=Brathwaite&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MoNov" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Michael E.; Novak, Jeannie (2010). <i>Game Industry Career Guide</i>. Delmar: Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4283-7647-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4283-7647-2"><bdi>978-1-4283-7647-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Industry+Career+Guide&rft.place=Delmar&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4283-7647-2&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.au=Novak%2C+Jeannie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Oxland" class="citation book cs1">Oxland, Kevin (2004). <i>Gameplay and design</i>. Addison Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-20467-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-20467-0"><bdi>0-321-20467-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gameplay+and+design&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-321-20467-0&rft.aulast=Oxland&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ShahArt" class="citation web cs1">Shahrani, Sam (April 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/2674/educational_feature_a_history_and_.php">"Educational Feature: A History and Analysis of Level Design in 3D Computer Games"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Educational+Feature%3A+A+History+and+Analysis+of+Level+Design+in+3D+Computer+Games&rft.date=2006-04-25&rft.aulast=Shahrani&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Ffeature%2F2674%2Feducational_feature_a_history_and_.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BrSch" class="citation book cs1">Brathwaite, Brenda; Schreiber, Ian (2009). <i>Challenges for Game Designers</i>. Charles River Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58450-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58450-580-8"><bdi>978-1-58450-580-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Challenges+for+Game+Designers&rft.pub=Charles+River+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58450-580-8&rft.aulast=Brathwaite&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_(video_games)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Level_editors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Level editors">Level editors</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-schell-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schell_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schell_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchell2014" class="citation book cs1">Schell, Jesse (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kRMeBQAAQBAJ"><i>The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses</i></a>. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA: CRC Press. pp. 120, 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-9864-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-9864-5"><bdi>978-1-4665-9864-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208074220/https://books.google.com/books?id=kRMeBQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Game+Design%3A+A+book+of+lenses&rft.place=Pittsburgh%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+USA&rft.pages=120%2C+252&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4665-9864-5&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkRMeBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McJen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McJen_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuireJenkins2009" class="citation book cs1">McGuire, Morgan; Jenkins, Odest Chadwicke (2009). <i>Creating Games: Mechanics, Content, and Technology</i>. Wellesley, Mass.: AK Peters. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56881-305-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56881-305-9"><bdi>978-1-56881-305-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+Games%3A+Mechanics%2C+Content%2C+and+Technology&rft.place=Wellesley%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=AK+Peters&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-56881-305-9&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Odest+Chadwicke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamie_"Thrrrpptt!"_Madigan2001" class="citation web cs1">Jamie "Thrrrpptt!" Madigan (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216025702/http://archive.gamespy.com/reviews/June01/blueshift/">"Half-Life: Blue Shift"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gamespy.com/reviews/June01/blueshift/">the original</a> on December 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Half-Life%3A+Blue+Shift&rft.date=2001-06&rft.au=Jamie+%22Thrrrpptt%21%22+Madigan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.gamespy.com%2Freviews%2FJune01%2Fblueshift%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Park2002" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Park (2002-10-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/batmanvengeance/review.html">"Batman: Vengeance Review"</a>. GameSpot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809175418/http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/batmanvengeance/review.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batman%3A+Vengeance+Review&rft.pub=GameSpot&rft.date=2002-10-11&rft.au=Andrew+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Fpc%2Faction%2Fbatmanvengeance%2Freview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_VanOrd2008" class="citation web cs1">Kevin VanOrd (2008-11-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/action/mirrorsedge/review.html">"Mirror's Edge Review"</a>. GameSpot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026231349/http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/action/mirrorsedge/review.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mirror%27s+Edge+Review&rft.pub=GameSpot&rft.date=2008-11-11&rft.au=Kevin+VanOrd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Fps3%2Faction%2Fmirrorsedge%2Freview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808203841/http://planethalflife.gamespy.com/View.php?view=hlstrategies.detail&id=17&game=4">"Chapter XVII: Interloper"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planethalflife.gamespy.com/View.php?view=hlstrategies.detail&id=17&game=4">the original</a> on 2011-08-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+XVII%3A+Interloper&rft.pub=GameSpy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanethalflife.gamespy.com%2FView.php%3Fview%3Dhlstrategies.detail%26id%3D17%26game%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Oxland">Oxland 2004</a>, pp.21-22,126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bates">Bates 2004</a>, p.107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BrSch">Brathwaite, Schreiber 2009</a>, p.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShahArt1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShahArt1_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ShahArt">Shahrani 2006</a>, part I</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlesBlog-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlesBlog_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleszinski2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Bleszinski" title="Cliff Bleszinski">Bleszinski, Cliff</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021203193328/https://covergamer.com/rants/art-sci-ld.shtml">"The Art and Science of Level Design"</a>. 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Now it's a key position on many teams."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RG_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RG_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/donkey-kong-4/">"Donkey Kong"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Future_Publishing_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Publishing Limited">Future Publishing Limited</a>. 13 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630133207/https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games80/donkey-kong-4/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Retro+Gamer&rft.atitle=Donkey+Kong&rft.date=2008-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrogamer.net%2Fretro_games80%2Fdonkey-kong-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lebowitz-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lebowitz_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebowitzKlug2011" class="citation book cs1">Lebowitz, Josiah; Klug, Chris (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QUrarEcvaO8C&pg=PA14"><i>Interactive Storytelling for Video Games: A Player-centered Approach to Creating Memorable Characters and Stories</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81717-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81717-0"><bdi>978-0-240-81717-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208074252/https://books.google.com/books?id=QUrarEcvaO8C&pg=PA14">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Development+Essentials%3A+Game+QA+%26+Testing&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4354-3947-4&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.au=Novak%2C+Jeannie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlBDgcrSUcAQC%26q%3Dinvisible%2Bwall%2Bgame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALevel+%28video+games%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bates">Bates 2004</a>, pp.117-118</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_concepts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_gameplay" title="Template:Video game gameplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_gameplay" title="Template talk:Video game gameplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_gameplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game gameplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video game</a> concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_video_game_terms" title="Glossary of video game terms">Glossary of video game terms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_(game_terminology)" title="Health (game terminology)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_(video_games)" title="Life (video games)">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experience_point" title="Experience point">Experience point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(game_terminology)" title="Magic (game terminology)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_hit" title="Critical hit">Critical hit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boss_(video_games)" title="Boss (video games)">Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_bot" title="Video game bot">Bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">Non-player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">Player character</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_mechanics" title="Game mechanics">Mechanics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collision_detection" title="Collision detection">Collision detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutscene" title="Cutscene">Cutscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_tree" title="Dialogue tree">Dialogue tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog_of_war#In_video_games" title="Fog of war">Fog of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_over" title="Game over">Game over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HUD_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="HUD (video gaming)">HUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_wall" title="Invisible wall">Invisible wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Item_(game_terminology)" title="Item (game terminology)">Item</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_sight_(video_games)" title="Line of sight (video games)">Line of sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loading_screen" title="Loading screen">Loading screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_doll_(video_games)" title="Paper doll (video games)">Paper doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Password_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Password (video games)">Password</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permadeath" title="Permadeath">Permadeath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power-up" title="Power-up">Power-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(video_games)" title="Quest (video games)">Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_time_event" title="Quick time event">Quick time event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_encounter" title="Random encounter">Random encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replay_value" title="Replay value">Replay value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saved_game" title="Saved game">Saved game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripted_sequence" title="Scripted sequence">Scripted sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spawning_(video_games)" title="Spawning (video games)">Spawning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistic_(role-playing_games)" title="Statistic (role-playing games)">Stats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_effect" title="Status effect">Status effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_controls" title="Tank controls">Tank controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turns,_rounds_and_time-keeping_systems_in_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems in games">Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_(video_games)" title="Warp (video games)">Warp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_travel" title="Fast travel">Fast travel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scenery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destructible_environment" title="Destructible environment">Destructible environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instance_dungeon" title="Instance dungeon">Instance dungeon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Level</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_stage" title="Bonus stage">Bonus stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-map" title="Mini-map">Mini-map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">Open world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_generation" title="Procedural generation">Procedural generation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Map_seed" title="Map seed">Map seed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overworld" title="Overworld">Overworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skybox_(video_games)" title="Skybox (video games)">Skybox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movement techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_jumping" title="Rocket jumping">Rocket jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strafing_(video_games)" title="Strafing (video games)">Strafing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms of play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">Emergent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">Nonlinear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Competitive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedrunning" title="Speedrunning">Speedrunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance_and_secure" title="Advance and secure">Advance and secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_(gaming)" title="Campaign (gaming)">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_the_flag" title="Capture the flag">Capture the flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathmatch_(video_games)" title="Deathmatch (video games)">Deathmatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_man_standing_(video_games)" title="Last man standing (video games)">Last man standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Game_Plus" title="New Game Plus">New Game Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_mode" title="Survival mode">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_hill_(game)" title="King of the hill (game)">King of the hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Design" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Design" title="Template:Design"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Design" title="Template talk:Design"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Design" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Design"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_design" title="Outline of design">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer" title="Designer">Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disciplines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disciplines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">Communication<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">Exhibit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_graphic_design" title="Motion graphic design">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp_design" title="Postage stamp design">Postage stamp design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_design" title="Print design">Print design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_design" title="News design">News design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_design" title="Retail design">Retail design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signage" title="Signage">Signage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign_design" title="Traffic sign design">Traffic sign design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> / <a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">Architectural lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_design" title="Building design">Building design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">Passive solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">Environmental impact design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">Computer-aided</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_community_design" title="Healthy community design">Healthy community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_design" title="Hotel design">Hotel design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_interior_design" title="Experiential interior design">EID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyline_design" title="Keyline design">Keyline design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">Spatial design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_suspension_design_process" title="Automotive suspension design process">Automotive suspension design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMF_design" title="CMF design">CMF design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_furniture_design" title="Sustainable furniture design">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_design" title="Motorcycle design">Motorcycle design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">Packaging and labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_lens_design" title="Photographic lens design">Photographic lens design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_design" title="Product design">Product design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_design" title="Sensory design">Sensory design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">Interaction<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">Experience design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employee_experience_design" title="Employee experience design">EED</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Level design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_design" title="Immersive design">Immersive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">glass design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Property designer">Property design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Stage/set lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_design" title="Textile design">Textile design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />design<br />& <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithm_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithm design">Algorithm design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">Behavioural design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_design" title="Boiler design">Boiler design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_design" title="Drug design">Drug design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_system_design" title="Electrical system design">Electrical system design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Experimental design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_design" title="Filter design">Filter design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_design" title="Geometric design">Geometric design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_design" title="Work design">Work design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_design" title="Integrated circuit design">Integrated circuit design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_design" title="Circuit design">Circuit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_design_(electronics)" title="Physical design (electronics)">Physical design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_network_design_(IC)" title="Power network design (IC)">Power network design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Nuclear weapon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_design" title="Nucleic acid design">Nucleic acid design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organization design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_design" title="Process design">Process design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_design" title="Protein design">Protein design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_design" title="Research design">Research design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_design" title="Social design">Social design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_design" title="Spacecraft design">Spacecraft design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_design" title="Systems design">Systems design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Approaches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Approaches</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_web_design" title="Adaptive web design">Adaptive web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_design" title="Affective design">Affective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">By committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">By contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-K_theory" title="C-K theory">C-K theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_closure" title="Design closure">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Co-design</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concept-oriented_design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concept-oriented design (page does not exist)">Concept-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Configuration_design" title="Configuration design">Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contextual_design" title="Contextual design">Contextual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_design" title="Continuous design">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle-to-cradle_design" title="Cradle-to-cradle design">Cradle-to-cradle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_problem-solving" title="Creative problem-solving">Creative problem-solving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_fiction" title="Design fiction">Design fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_design" title="Defensive design">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect-led_design%E2%80%93build" class="mw-redirect" title="Architect-led design–build">architect-led</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_design" title="Diffuse design">Diffuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">Domain-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_neutral_design" title="Energy neutral design">Energy neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_design_process" title="Engineering design process">Engineering design process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error-tolerant_design" title="Error-tolerant design">Error-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">Fault-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework-oriented_design" title="Framework-oriented design">Framework-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">For assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">For behaviour change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_manufacturability" title="Design for manufacturability">For manufacturability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Six_Sigma" title="Design for Six Sigma">For Six Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_testing" title="Design for testing">For testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_X" title="Design for X">For X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_design" title="Functional design">Functional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-centered_design" title="Human-centered design">HCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_design" title="High-level design">High-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_design" title="Inclusive design">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_design" title="Integrated design">Integrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_topside_design" title="Integrated topside design">Integrated topside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence-based_design" title="Intelligence-based design">Intelligence-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_design" title="Iterative design">Iterative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_design" title="Low-level design">Low-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadesign" title="Metadesign">Metadesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_design" title="Modular design">Modular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(design)" title="New Wave (design)">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">Object-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_design" title="Parametric design">Parametric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform-based_design" title="Platform-based design">Platform-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy-based_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-based design">Policy-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process-centered_design" title="Process-centered design">Process-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_design" title="Rational design">Rational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">Regenerative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research-based_design" title="Research-based design">Research-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsibility-driven_design" title="Responsibility-driven design">Responsibility-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">RWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe-life_design" title="Safe-life design">Safe-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_design" title="Systemic design">Systemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems-oriented_design" title="Systems-oriented design">SOD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableless_web_design" title="Tableless web design">Tableless web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_constraints" title="Theory of constraints">Theory of constraints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">Top-down and bottom-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_design" title="Transformation design">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIZ" title="TRIZ">TRIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_design" title="Universal design">Universal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_All_(in_ICT)" title="Design for All (in ICT)">Design for All</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage-centered_design" title="Usage-centered design">Usage-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use-centered_design" title="Use-centered design">Use-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empathic_design" title="Empathic design">Empathic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_innovation" title="User innovation">User innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-driven_design" title="Value-driven design">Value-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_sensitive_design" title="Value sensitive design">Value sensitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">Privacy by</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_choice" title="Design choice">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_computing" title="Design computing">computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_controls" title="Design controls">controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_culture" title="Design culture">culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_flow_(EDA)" title="Design flow (EDA)">flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_management" title="Design management">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_marker" title="Design marker">marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_methods" title="Design methods">methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_research" title="Design research">research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_science" title="Design science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_sprint" title="Design sprint">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_theory" title="Design theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">thinking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ToolsIntellectual_propertyOrganizationsAwards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tools</li><li>Intellectual property</li><li>Organizations</li><li>Awards</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Design_tool" title="Design tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithms-Aided_Design" title="Algorithms-Aided Design">AAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">Comprehensive layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">CAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_home_design_software" title="Virtual home design software">Virtual home design software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-automated_design" title="Computer-automated design">CAutoD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_quality_indicator" title="Design quality indicator">Design quality indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">Flowchart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockup" title="Mockup">Mockup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design specification">Design specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_wireframe" title="Website wireframe">Website wireframe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual<br />property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_design" title="Community design">Community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_infringement" title="Design infringement">Design infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_patent" title="Design patent">Design patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geschmacksmuster" title="Geschmacksmuster">Geschmacksmuster</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_rights_in_the_European_Union" title="Industrial design rights in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Graphic_Arts" title="American Institute of Graphic Arts">American Institute of Graphic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Designers" title="Chartered Society of Designers">Chartered Society of Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_and_Industries_Association" title="Design and Industries Association">Design and Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Council" title="Design Council">Design Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Forum_Design" title="International Forum Design">International Forum Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Research_Society" title="Design Research Society">Design Research Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Design_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="European Design Award">European Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Design_Award" title="German Design Award">German Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Museum_of_Modern_Art)" title="Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)">Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Chicago_Athenaeum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)">Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphex" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphex">Graphex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IF_Product_Design_Award" title="IF Product Design Award">IF Product Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dyson_Award" title="James Dyson Award">James Dyson Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip_Designers_Prize" title="Prince Philip Designers Prize">Prince Philip Designers Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_art" title="Concept art">Concept art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_design" title="Conceptual design">Conceptual design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_icon" title="Cultural icon">Cultural icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.design" title=".design">.design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">Form factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">Futures studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_design" title="Indie design">Indie design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_startup" title="Lean startup">Lean startup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OODA_loop" title="OODA loop">OODA loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_simulation" title="Process simulation">Process simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow design">Slow design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEAM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_poor_design" title="Argument from poor design">Unintelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_problem" title="Wicked problem">Wicked problem</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_brief" title="Design brief">brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_change" title="Design change">change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_classic" title="Design classic">classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_competition" title="Design competition">competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_design_competition" title="Student design competition">student</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_director" title="Design director">director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_education" title="Design education">education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_elements" title="Design elements">elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Design firm">firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_history" title="Design history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_knowledge" title="Design knowledge">knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_language" title="Design language">language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_life" title="Design life">life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_load" title="Design load">load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_museum" title="Design museum">museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_paradigm" title="Design paradigm">paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_principles" title="Design principles">principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_rationale" title="Design rationale">rationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_review" title="Design review">review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design 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