CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Oustous Aziz</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Oustous Aziz"> <meta name="keywords" content="Oustous Aziz"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Oustous Aziz" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Oustous Aziz"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 98</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Oustous Aziz</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Optimizing Exposure Parameters in Digital Mammography: A Study in Morocco </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Talbi%20Mohammed">Talbi Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oustous%20Aziz"> Oustous Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ben%20Messaoud%20Mounir"> Ben Messaoud Mounir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sebihi%20Rajaa"> Sebihi Rajaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalis%20Mohammed"> Khalis Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women around the world. Screening mammography is the reference examination, due to its sensitivity for detecting small lesions and micro-calcifications. Therefore, it is essential to ensure quality mammographic examinations with the most optimal dose. These conditions depend on the choice of exposure parameters. Clinically, practices must be evaluated in order to determine the most appropriate exposure parameters. Material and Methods: We performed our measurements on a mobile mammography unit (PLANMED Sofie-classic.) in Morocco. A solid dosimeter (AGMS Radcal) and a MTM 100 phantom allow to quantify the delivered dose and the image quality. For image quality assessment, scores are defined by the rate of visible inserts (MTM 100 phantom), obtained and compared for each acquisition. Results: The results show that the parameters of the mammography unit on which we have made our measurements can be improved in order to offer a better compromise between image quality and breast dose. The last one can be reduced up from 13.27% to 22.16%, while preserving comparable image quality.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mammography" title="Mammography">Mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20quality" title=" image quality"> image quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=breast%20dose." title=" breast dose. "> breast dose. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/optimizing-exposure-parameters-in-digital-mammography-a-study-in-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">786</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Coverage Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nor%20Azlina%20Ab.%20Aziz">Nor Azlina Ab. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kamarulzaman%20Ab.%20Aziz"> Kamarulzaman Ab. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20Zakiah%20Wan%20Ismail"> Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Coverage is one of the main research interests in wireless sensor networks (WSN), it is used to determine the quality of service (QoS) of the networks. Therefore this paper aims to review the common strategies use in solving coverage problem in WSN. The strategies studied are used during deployment phase where the coverage is calculated based on the placement of the sensors on the region of interest (ROI). The strategies reviewed are categorized into three groups based on the approaches used, namely; force based, grid based or computational geometry based approach.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%20geometry" title="Computational geometry">Computational geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=coverage" title=" coverage"> coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Delaunay%20triangulation" title=" Delaunay triangulation"> Delaunay triangulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=force" title=" force"> force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=grid" title=" grid"> grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Voronoi%20diagram" title=" Voronoi diagram"> Voronoi diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks." title=" wireless sensor networks."> wireless sensor networks.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/coverage-strategies-for-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Moment Generating Functions of Observed Gaps between Hypopnea Using Saddlepoint Approximations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Zakiah%20Mohd%20Saat">Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Jemain"> Abdul Aziz Jemain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saddlepoint approximations is one of the tools to obtain an expressions for densities and distribution functions. We approximate the densities of the observed gaps between the hypopnea events using the Huzurbazar saddlepoint approximation. We demonstrate the density of a maximum likelihood estimator in exponential families. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Exponential" title="Exponential">Exponential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=maximum%20likehood%20estimators" title=" maximum likehood estimators"> maximum likehood estimators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=observed%20gap" title=" observed gap"> observed gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saddlepoint%20approximations." title=" Saddlepoint approximations."> Saddlepoint approximations.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/moment-generating-functions-of-observed-gaps-between-hypopnea-using-saddlepoint-approximations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Exact Solutions of the Helmholtz equation via the Nikiforov-Uvarov Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Laachir">Said Laachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aziz%20Laaribi"> Aziz Laaribi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The Helmholtz equation often arises in the study of physical problems involving partial differential equation. Many researchers have proposed numerous methods to find the analytic or approximate solutions for the proposed problems. In this work, the exact analytical solutions of the Helmholtz equation in spherical polar coordinates are presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. It is found that the solution of the angular eigenfunction can be expressed by the associated-Legendre polynomial and radial eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of the Laguerre polynomials. The special case for k=0, which corresponds to the Laplace equation is also presented.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helmholtz%20equation" title="Helmholtz equation">Helmholtz equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nikiforov-Uvarov%20method" title=" Nikiforov-Uvarov method"> Nikiforov-Uvarov method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exact%20solutions" title=" exact solutions"> exact solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=eigenfunctions." title=" eigenfunctions."> eigenfunctions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/exact-solutions-of-the-helmholtz-equation-via-the-nikiforov-uvarov-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3003</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Numerical Study on the Hazards of Gravitational Forces on Cerebral Aneurysms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hashem%20M.%20Alargha">Hashem M. Alargha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20O.%20Hamdan"> Mohammad O. Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waseem%20H.%20Aziz"> Waseem H. Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Aerobatic and military pilots are subjected to high gravitational forces that could cause blackout, physical injuries or death. A CFD simulation using fluid-solid interactions scheme has been conducted to investigate the gravitational effects and hazards inside cerebral aneurysms. Medical data have been used to derive the size and geometry of a simple aneurysm on a T-shaped bifurcation. The results show that gravitational force has no effect on maximum Wall Shear Stress (WSS); hence, it will not cause aneurysm initiation/formation. However, gravitational force cause causes hypertension which could contribute to aneurysm rupture.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">Aneurysm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fluid%20dynamics" title=" fluid dynamics"> fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bifurcation%20artery." title=" bifurcation artery. "> bifurcation artery. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/numerical-study-on-the-hazards-of-gravitational-forces-on-cerebral-aneurysms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Industrial Waste Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairuddin%20Bin%20Osman">Khairuddin Bin Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ngo%20Boon%20Kiat"> Ngo Boon Kiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Hamid%20Bin%20hamidon"> A. Hamid Bin hamidon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairul%20Azha%20Bin%20A.%20Aziz"> Khairul Azha Bin A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hazli%0ARafis%20Bin%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Hazli Rafis Bin Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mazran%20Bin%20Esro"> Mazran Bin Esro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional industrial monitoring systems are tedious, inefficient and the at times integrity of the data is unreliable. The objective of this system is to monitor industrial processes specifically the fluid level which will measure the instantaneous fluid level parameter and respond by text messaging the exact value of the parameter to the user when being enquired by a privileged access user. The development of the embedded program code and the circuit for fluid level measuring are discussed as well. Suggestions for future implementations and efficient remote monitoring works are included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Industrial%20monitoring%20system" title="Industrial monitoring system">Industrial monitoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=text%20messaging" title=" text messaging"> text messaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=embedded%20programming." title=" embedded programming."> embedded programming.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/industrial-waste-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1684</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Classification of Fuzzy Petri Nets, and Their Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.H.Aziz">M.H.Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erik%20L.J.Bohez"> Erik L.J.Bohez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manukid%20Parnichkun"> Manukid Parnichkun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chanchal%20Saha"> Chanchal Saha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Petri Net (PN) has proven to be effective graphical, mathematical, simulation, and control tool for Discrete Event Systems (DES). But, with the growth in the complexity of modern industrial, and communication systems, PN found themselves inadequate to address the problems of uncertainty, and imprecision in data. This gave rise to amalgamation of Fuzzy logic with Petri nets and a new tool emerged with the name of Fuzzy Petri Nets (FPN). Although there had been a lot of research done on FPN and a number of their applications have been anticipated, but their basic types and structure are still ambiguous. Therefore, in this research, an effort is made to categorize FPN according to their structure and algorithms Further, literature review of the applications of FPN in the light of their classifications has been done.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20event%20systems" title="Discrete event systems">Discrete event systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20logic" title=" Fuzzy logic"> Fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20Petri%20nets" title=" Fuzzy Petri nets"> Fuzzy Petri nets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Petri%20nets." title=" and Petri nets."> and Petri nets.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/classification-of-fuzzy-petri-nets-and-their-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1632</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Effect of Span 60, Labrasol, and Cholesterol on Labisia pumila Loaded Niosomes Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Binti%20Ya%E2%80%99akob">H. Binti Ya’akob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Siew%20Chin"> C. Siew Chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abd%20Aziz"> A. Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Ware"> I. Ware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Fauzi%20Abd%20Jalil"> M. Fauzi Abd Jalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Rashidah%20Ahmed"> N. Rashidah Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Sabtu"> R. Sabtu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p><em>Labisia pumila</em> (LP) plant extract has the potential to be applied in cosmeceutical products due to its anti-photoaging properties. The main purpose of this study was to improve transdermal delivery of LP by encapsulating LP in niosomes. Niosomes loaded LPs were prepared by coacervation phase separation method using non-ionic surfactant (Span 60), labrasol, and cholesterol. The optimum formula obtained were Span 60, labrasol and cholesterol at the mole ratio of 6:1:4. At the optimum formulation, the niosome obtained significantly improved the quality of transdermal penetration of LP compared to free LP.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labisia%20pumila" title="Labisia pumila">Labisia pumila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=niosomes" title=" niosomes"> niosomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transdermal" title=" transdermal"> transdermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quality." title=" quality."> quality.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/effect-of-span-60-labrasol-and-cholesterol-on-labisia-pumila-loaded-niosomes-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1026</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Factors Affecting Current Ratings for Underground and Air Cables </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20H.%20Alwan">S. H. Alwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Jasni"> J. Jasni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Z.%20A.%20Ab%20Kadir"> M. Z. A. Ab Kadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Aziz"> N. Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of this paper is to present a parametric study to determine the major factors that influence the calculations of current rating for both air and underground cables. The current carrying capability of the power cables rely largely on the installation conditions and material properties. In this work, the influences on ampacity of conductor size, soil thermal resistivity and ambient soil temperature for underground installations are shown. The influences on the current-carrying capacity of solar heating (time of day effects and intensity of solar radiation), ambient air temperature and cable size for cables air are also presented. IEC and IEEE standards are taken as reference.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cable%20ampacity" title="Cable ampacity">Cable ampacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=underground%20cable" title=" underground cable"> underground cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IEC%20standard" title=" IEC standard"> IEC standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=air%20cables." title=" air cables."> air cables.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/factors-affecting-current-ratings-for-underground-and-air-cables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6652</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Sliding Mode Control for Active Suspension System with Actuator Delay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aziz%20Sezgin">Aziz Sezgin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yuksel%20Hacioglu"> Yuksel Hacioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurkan%20Yagiz"> Nurkan Yagiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sliding mode controller for a vehicle active suspension system is designed in this study. The widely used quarter car model is preferred and it is aimed to improve the ride comfort of the passengers. The effect of the actuator time delay, which may arise due to the information processing, sensors or actuator dynamics, is also taken into account during the design of the controller. A sliding mode controller was designed that has taken into account the actuator time delay by using Smith predictor. The successful performance of the designed controller is confirmed via numerical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sliding%20mode%20control" title="Sliding mode control">Sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=active%20suspension%20system" title=" active suspension system"> active suspension system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=actuator%20time%20delay." title=" actuator time delay."> actuator time delay.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/sliding-mode-control-for-active-suspension-system-with-actuator-delay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1642</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Ontology-based Query System for UNITEN Postgraduate Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaihisma%20C.%20Cob">Zaihisma C. Cob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alicia%20Y.C.%20Tang"> Alicia Y.C. Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharifah%20J.%20Syed%20Aziz"> Sharifah J. Syed Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a new model to support user queries on postgraduate research information at Universiti Tenaga Nasional. The ontology to be developed will contribute towards shareable and reusable domain knowledge that makes knowledge assets intelligently accessible to both people and software. This work adapts a methodology for ontology development based on the framework proposed by Uschold and King. The concepts and relations in this domain are represented in a class diagram using the Protégé software. The ontology will be used to support a menudriven query system for assisting students in searching for information related to postgraduate research at the university. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9" title=" Protégé"> Protégé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=postgraduate%20program" title=" postgraduate program"> postgraduate program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=query%0D%0Asystem." title=" query system."> query system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/ontology-based-query-system-for-uniten-postgraduate-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1681</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> The Influence of Doping of Fullerene Derivative (PCBM) on the Optical Properties of Vanadyl Phthalocyanine (VOPc)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fakhra%20Aziz">Fakhra Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Sulaiman"> K. Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kh.%20S.%20Karimov"> Kh. S. Karimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Hassan%20Sayyad"> M. Hassan Sayyad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a spectroscopic study on doping of Vanadyl pathalocyanine (VOPc) by [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The films are characterized by UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. A drastic increase in the absorption coefficient has been observed with increasing dopant concentration. Optical properties of VOPc:PCBM films deposited by spin coating technique were studied in detail. Optical band gap decreased with the PCBM incorporation in the VOPc film. Optical band gap calculated from the absorption spectra decreased from 3.32 eV to 3.26 eV with a variation of 0–75 % of PCBM concentration in the VOPC films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optical%20properties" title="Optical properties">Optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spin-coating" title=" spin-coating"> spin-coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20energy%20gap" title=" optical energy gap"> optical energy gap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/the-influence-of-doping-of-fullerene-derivative-pcbm-on-the-optical-properties-of-vanadyl-phthalocyanine-vopc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Ethanol Fuelled HCCI Engine: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Bahri">B. Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20Aziz"> A. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Shahbakhti"> M. Shahbakhti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20F.%20Muhamad%20Said"> M. F. Muhamad Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The greenhouse effect and limitations on carbon dioxide emissions concern engine maker and the future of the internal combustion engines should go toward substantially and improved thermal efficiency engine. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an alternative high-efficiency technology for combustion engines to reduce exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. However, there are still tough challenges in the successful operation of HCCI engines, such as controlling the combustion phasing, extending the operating range, and high unburned hydrocarbon and CO emissions. HCCI and the exploitation of ethanol as an alternative fuel is one way to explore new frontiers of internal combustion engines with an eye towards maintaining its sustainability. This study was done to extend database knowledge about HCCI with ethanol a fuel.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ethanol%20combustion" title="Ethanol combustion">Ethanol combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ethanol%20fuel" title=" Ethanol fuel"> Ethanol fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HCCI." title=" HCCI."> HCCI.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/ethanol-fuelled-hcci-engine-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2825</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Performance Evaluation of Distributed and Co-Located MIMO LTE Physical Layer Using Wireless Open-Access Research Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ishak%20Suleiman">Ishak Suleiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Kamsani%20Samingan"> Ahmad Kamsani Samingan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yeoh%20Chun%20Yeow"> Yeoh Chun Yeow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Bin%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we evaluate the benefits of distributed 4x4 MIMO LTE downlink systems compared to that of the co-located 4x4 MIMO LTE downlink system. The performance evaluation was carried out experimentally by using Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP), where the comparison between the 4x4 MIMO LTE transmission downlink system in distributed and co-located techniques was examined. The measured Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) results showed that the distributed technique achieved better system performance compared to the co-located arrangement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple-input-multiple-output" title="Multiple-input-multiple-output">Multiple-input-multiple-output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=distributed%20MIMO" title=" distributed MIMO"> distributed MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=co-located%20MIMO" title=" co-located MIMO"> co-located MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LTE." title=" LTE."> LTE.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/performance-evaluation-of-distributed-and-co-located-mimo-lte-physical-layer-using-wireless-open-access-research-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1850</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> On the Comparison of Several Goodness of Fit tests under Simple Random Sampling and Ranked Set Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Azna%20A.%20Shahabuddin">F. Azna A. Shahabuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kamarulzaman%20Ibrahim"> Kamarulzaman Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Jemain"> Abdul Aziz Jemain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many works have been carried out to compare the efficiency of several goodness of fit procedures for identifying whether or not a particular distribution could adequately explain a data set. In this paper a study is conducted to investigate the power of several goodness of fit tests such as Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling(AD), Cramer- von- Mises (CV) and a proposed modification of Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test which incorporates a variance stabilizing transformation (FKS). The performances of these selected tests are studied under simple random sampling (SRS) and Ranked Set Sampling (RSS). This study shows that, in general, the Anderson-Darling (AD) test performs better than other GOF tests. However, there are some cases where the proposed test can perform as equally good as the AD test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Empirical%20distribution%20function" title="Empirical distribution function">Empirical distribution function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=goodness-of-fit" title=" goodness-of-fit"> goodness-of-fit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=order%20statistics" title="order statistics">order statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" ranked set sampling"> ranked set sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/on-the-comparison-of-several-goodness-of-fit-tests-under-simple-random-sampling-and-ranked-set-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1716</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> A Direct Probabilistic Optimization Method for Constrained Optimal Control Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akbar%20Banitalebi">Akbar Banitalebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Ismail%20Abd%20Aziz"> Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rohanin%20Ahmad"> Rohanin Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A new stochastic algorithm called Probabilistic Global Search Johor (PGSJ) has recently been established for global optimization of nonconvex real valued problems on finite dimensional Euclidean space. In this paper we present convergence guarantee for this algorithm in probabilistic sense without imposing any more condition. Then, we jointly utilize this algorithm along with control parameterization technique for the solution of constrained optimal control problem. The numerical simulations are also included to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the PGSJ algorithm in the solution of control problems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimal%20Control%20Problem" title="Optimal Control Problem">Optimal Control Problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Constraints" title=" Constraints"> Constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Direct%20Methods" title=" Direct Methods"> Direct Methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stochastic%20Algorithm" title=" Stochastic Algorithm"> Stochastic Algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/a-direct-probabilistic-optimization-method-for-constrained-optimal-control-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1696</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> A Novel Arabic Text Steganography Method Using Letter Points and Extensions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20Abdul-Aziz%20Gutub">Adnan Abdul-Aziz Gutub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manal%20Mohammad%20Fattani"> Manal Mohammad Fattani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new steganography approach suitable for Arabic texts. It can be classified under steganography feature coding methods. The approach hides secret information bits within the letters benefiting from their inherited points. To note the specific letters holding secret bits, the scheme considers the two features, the existence of the points in the letters and the redundant Arabic extension character. We use the pointed letters with extension to hold the secret bit 'one' and the un-pointed letters with extension to hold 'zero'. This steganography technique is found attractive to other languages having similar texts to Arabic such as Persian and Urdu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arabic%20text" title="Arabic text">Arabic text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cryptography" title=" Cryptography"> Cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feature%20coding" title=" Feature coding"> Feature coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20security" title="Information security">Information security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Text%20steganography" title=" Text steganography"> Text steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Text%20watermarking." title=" Text watermarking."> Text watermarking.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/a-novel-arabic-text-steganography-method-using-letter-points-and-extensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Non-Linear Control Based on State Estimation for the Convoy of Autonomous Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M-M.%20Mohamed%20Ahmed">M-M. Mohamed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nacer%20K.%20M%E2%80%99Sirdi"> Nacer K. M’Sirdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aziz%20Naamane"> Aziz Naamane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a longitudinal and lateral control approach based on a nonlinear observer is proposed for a convoy of autonomous vehicles to follow a desired trajectory. To authors best knowledge, this topic has not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature for the control of multi vehicles. The modeling of the convoy of the vehicles is revisited using a robotic method for simulation purposes and control design. With these models, a sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate the states of each vehicle in the convoy from the available sensors, then a sliding mode control based on this observer is used to control the longitudinal and lateral movement. The validation and performance evaluation are done using the well-known driving simulator Scanner-Studio. The results are presented for different maneuvers of 5 vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Autonomous%20vehicles" title="Autonomous vehicles">Autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convoy" title=" convoy"> convoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20control" title=" nonlinear control"> nonlinear control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20observer" title=" nonlinear observer"> nonlinear observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sliding%20mode." title=" sliding mode."> sliding mode.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/non-linear-control-based-on-state-estimation-for-the-convoy-of-autonomous-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">726</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Simulation of the Airflow Characteristic inside a Hard Disk Drive by Applying a Computational Fluid Dynamics Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chanchal%20Saha">Chanchal Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huynh%20Trung%20Luong"> Huynh Trung Luong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Aziz"> M. H. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tharinan%20Rattanalert"> Tharinan Rattanalert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Now-a-days, numbers of simulation software are being used all over the world to solve Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) related problems. In this present study, a commercial CFD simulation software namely STAR-CCM+ is applied to analyze the airflow characteristics inside a 2.5" hard disk drive. Each step of the software is described adequately to obtain the output and the data are verified with the theories to justify the robustness of the simulation outcome. This study gives an insight about the accuracy level of the CFD simulation software to compute CFD related problems although it largely depends upon the computer speed. Also this study will open avenues for further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="Computational fluid dynamics">Computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hard%20disk%20drive" title=" Hard disk drive"> Hard disk drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meshing" title="Meshing">Meshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Recirculation%20filter" title=" Recirculation filter"> Recirculation filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Filter%20physics%20parameter." title=" and Filter physics parameter."> and Filter physics parameter.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/simulation-of-the-airflow-characteristic-inside-a-hard-disk-drive-by-applying-a-computational-fluid-dynamics-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Utilization and Characterizations of Olive Oil Industry By-Products </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sawsan%20Dacrory">Sawsan Dacrory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hussein%20Abou-Yousef"> Hussein Abou-Yousef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samir%20Kamel"> Samir Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ragab%20E.%20Abou-Zeid"> Ragab E. Abou-Zeid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Abdel-Aziz"> Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Elbadry"> Mohamed Elbadry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A considerable amount of lignocellulosic by-product could be obtained from olive pulp during olive oil extraction industry. The major constituents of the olive pulp are husks and seeds. The separation of each portion of olive pulp (seeds and husks) was carried out by water flotation where seeds were sediment in the bottom. Both seeds and husks were dignified by 15% NaOH followed by complete lignin removal by using sodium chlorite in acidic medium. The isolated holocellulose, α-cellulose, hydrogel and CMC of both seeds and husk fractions were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The present study focused on the investigation of the chemical components of the lignocellulosic fraction of olive pulp and using them in medical application. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is produced and applied in the preparation of antimicrobial hydrogel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carboxymethyl%20cellulose" title="Carboxymethyl cellulose">Carboxymethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrogel%20olive%20pulp." title=" hydrogel olive pulp."> hydrogel olive pulp.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/utilization-and-characterizations-of-olive-oil-industry-by-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Performance Analysis of Artificial Neural Network Based Land Cover Classification </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Najam%20Aziz">Najam Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasru%20Minallah"> Nasru Minallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Junaid"> Ahmad Junaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kashaf%20Gul"> Kashaf Gul </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landcover classification using automated classification techniques, while employing remotely sensed multi-spectral imagery, is one of the promising areas of research. Different land conditions at different time are captured through satellite and monitored by applying different classification algorithms in specific environment. In this paper, a SPOT-5 image provided by SUPARCO has been studied and classified in Environment for Visual Interpretation (ENVI), a tool widely used in remote sensing. Then, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classification technique is used to detect the land cover changes in Abbottabad district. Obtained results are compared with a pixel based Distance classifier. The results show that ANN gives the better overall accuracy of 99.20% and Kappa coefficient value of 0.98 over the Mahalanobis Distance Classifier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Landcover%20classification" title="Landcover classification">Landcover classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SPOT-5." title=" SPOT-5."> SPOT-5.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/performance-analysis-of-artificial-neural-network-based-land-cover-classification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Operations Research Applications in Audit Planning and Scheduling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdel-Aziz%20M.%20Mohamed">Abdel-Aziz M. Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of the operations research models developed for internal audit planning. Two alternative approaches have been followed in the literature for audit planning: (1) identifying the optimal audit frequency; and (2) determining the optimal audit resource allocation. The first approach identifies the elapsed time between two successive audits, which can be presented as the optimal number of audits in a given planning horizon, or the optimal number of transactions after which an audit should be performed. It also includes the optimal audit schedule. The second approach determines the optimal allocation of audit frequency among all auditable units in the firm. In our review, we discuss both the deterministic and probabilistic models developed for audit planning. In addition, game theory models are reviewed to find the optimal auditing strategy based on the interactions between the auditors and the clients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Operations%20research%20applications" title="Operations research applications">Operations research applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=audit%20frequency" title=" audit frequency"> audit frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=audit%20planning" title=" audit planning"> audit planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=audit-staff%20scheduling." title=" audit-staff scheduling."> audit-staff scheduling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/operations-research-applications-in-audit-planning-and-scheduling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2934</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Study of Asphaltene Precipitation İnduced Formation Damage During CO2 Injection for a Malaysian Light Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sima%20Sh.%20Alian">Sima Sh. Alian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Omar"> Abdul Aziz Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20F.%20Alta%27ee"> Ali F. Alta'ee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irzie%20Hani"> Irzie Hani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this work, the precipitation of asphaltene from a Malaysian light oil reservoir was studies. A series of experiments were designed and carried out to examine the effect of CO2 injection on asphaltene precipitation. Different pressures of injections were used in Dynamic flooding experiment in order to investigate the effect of pressure versus injection pore volume of CO2. These dynamic displacement tests simulate reservoir condition. Results show that by increasing the pore volume of injected gas asphaltene precipitation will increases, also rise in injection pressure causes less precipitation. Sandstone core plug was used to represent reservoir formation during displacement test; therefore it made it possible to study the effect of present of asphaltene on formation. It is found out that the precipitated asphaltene can reduce permeability and porosity which is not favorable during oil production.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asphaltene" title="Asphaltene">Asphaltene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=asphaltene%20precipitation" title=" asphaltene precipitation"> asphaltene precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=enhanced%20oil%20recovery." title=" enhanced oil recovery."> enhanced oil recovery.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/study-of-asphaltene-precipitation-induced-formation-damage-during-co2-injection-for-a-malaysian-light-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3852</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Influence of Thermal Annealing on The Structural Properties of Vanadyl Phthalocyanine Thin Films: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fakhra%20Aziz">Fakhra Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Sulaiman"> K. Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20R.%20Muhammad"> M. R. Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Hassan%20Sayyad"> M. Hassan Sayyad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kh.%20Karimov"> Kh. Karimov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative study on Vanadyl Phthalocyanine (VOPc) thin films deposited by thermal evaporation and spin coating techniques. The samples were prepared on cleaned glass substrates and annealed at various temperatures ranging form 95oC to 155oC. To obtain the morphological and structural properties of VOPc thin films, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been implied. The AFM topographic images show a very slight difference in the thermally grown films, before and after annealing, however best results are achieved for the spin-cast film annealed at 125oC. The XRD spectra show no existence of the sharp peaks, suggesting the material to be amorphous. The humps in the XRD patterns indicate the presence of some crystallites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Annealing" title="Annealing">Annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vanadylphthalocyanine." title=" Vanadylphthalocyanine."> Vanadylphthalocyanine.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/influence-of-thermal-annealing-on-the-structural-properties-of-vanadyl-phthalocyanine-thin-films-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Radiation Effect on Unsteady MHD Flow over a Stretching Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zanariah%20Mohd%20Yusof">Zanariah Mohd Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Khuzaimah%20Soid"> Siti Khuzaimah Soid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Sukri%20Abd%20Aziz"> Ahmad Sukri Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seripah%20Awang%20Kechil"> Seripah Awang Kechil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a continuously stretching surface in the presence of radiation is examined. By similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are transformed to a set of ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions are obtained by employing the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method scheme with shooting technique in Maple software environment. The effects of unsteadiness parameter, radiation parameter, magnetic parameter and Prandtl number on the heat transfer characteristics are obtained and discussed. It is found that the heat transfer rate at the surface increases as the Prandtl number and unsteadiness parameter increase but decreases with magnetic and radiation parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnetohydrodynamics" title=" magnetohydrodynamics"> magnetohydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unsteadiness." title=" unsteadiness."> unsteadiness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/radiation-effect-on-unsteady-mhd-flow-over-a-stretching-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2675</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Optimization Using Simulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nayera%20E.%20El-Gharably">Nayera E. El-Gharably</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaled%20S.%20El-Kilany"> Khaled S. El-Kilany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aziz%20E.%20El-Sayed"> Aziz E. El-Sayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A key element of many distribution systems is the routing and scheduling of vehicles servicing a set of customers. A wide variety of exact and approximate algorithms have been proposed for solving the vehicle routing problems (VRP). Exact algorithms can only solve relatively small problems of VRP, which is classified as NP-Hard. Several approximate algorithms have proven successful in finding a feasible solution not necessarily optimum. Although different parts of the problem are stochastic in nature; yet, limited work relevant to the application of discrete event system simulation has addressed the problem. Presented here is optimization using simulation of VRP; where, a simplified problem has been developed in the ExtendSimTM simulation environment; where, ExtendSimTM evolutionary optimizer is used to minimize the total transportation cost of the problem. Results obtained from the model are very satisfactory. Further complexities of the problem are proposed for consideration in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20event%20system%20simulation" title="Discrete event system simulation">Discrete event system simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization%20using%20simulation" title=" optimization using simulation"> optimization using simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vehicle%20routing%20problem." title=" vehicle routing problem."> vehicle routing problem.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/optimization-using-simulation-of-the-vehicle-routing-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5848</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> On Formalizing Predefined OCL Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meryem%20Lamrani">Meryem Lamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youn%C3%A8s%20El%20Amrani"> Younès El Amrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aziz%20Ettouhami"> Aziz Ettouhami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The ability of UML to handle the modeling process of complex industrial software applications has increased its popularity to the extent of becoming the de-facto language in serving the design purpose. Although, its rich graphical notation naturally oriented towards the object-oriented concept, facilitates the understandability, it hardly successes to report all domainspecific aspects in a satisfactory way. OCL, as the standard language for expressing additional constraints on UML models, has great potential to help improve expressiveness. Unfortunately, it suffers from a weak formalism due to its poor semantic resulting in many obstacles towards the build of tools support and thus its application in the industry field. For this reason, many researches were established to formalize OCL expressions using a more rigorous approach. Our contribution join this work in a complementary way since it focuses specifically on OCL predefined properties which constitute an important part in the construction of OCL expressions. Using formal methods, we mainly succeed in expressing rigorously OCL predefined functions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Formal%20methods" title="Formal methods">Formal methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z" title=" Z"> Z</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OCL" title=" OCL"> OCL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=predefined%20properties" title=" predefined properties"> predefined properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metamodel%20types." title="metamodel types.">metamodel types.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/on-formalizing-predefined-ocl-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">772</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Performance Evaluation of an Online Text-Based Strategy Game</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nazleeni%20S.%20Haron">Nazleeni S. Haron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20K.%20Zaime"> Mohd K. Zaime </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Izzatdin%20A.%20Aziz"> Izzatdin A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20H.%20Hasan"> Mohd H. Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Text-based game is supposed to be a low resource consumption application that delivers good performances when compared to graphical-intensive type of games. But, nowadays, some of the online text-based games are not offering performances that are acceptable to the users. Therefore, an online text-based game called Star_Quest has been developed in order to analyze its behavior under different performance measurements. Performance metrics such as throughput, scalability, response time and page loading time are captured to yield the performance of the game. The techniques in performing the load testing are also disclosed to exhibit the viability of our work. The comparative assessment between the results obtained and the accepted level of performances are conducted as to determine the performance level of the game. The study reveals that the developed game managed to meet all the performance objectives set forth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Online%20text-based%20games" title="Online text-based games">Online text-based games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20evaluation" title=" performance evaluation"> performance evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/performance-evaluation-of-an-online-text-based-strategy-game" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> A Survey on the Requirements of University Course Timetabling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Liyana%20Abdul%20Aziz">Nurul Liyana Abdul Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Aidya%20Hanum%20Aizam"> Nur Aidya Hanum Aizam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Course timetabling problems occur every semester in a university which includes the allocation of resources (subjects, lecturers and students) to a number of fixed rooms and timeslots. The assignment is carried out in a way such that there are no conflicts within rooms, students and lecturers, as well as fulfilling a range of constraints. The constraints consist of rules and policies set up by the universities as well as lecturers’ and students’ preferences of courses to be allocated in specific timeslots. This paper specifically focuses on the preferences of the course timetabling problem in one of the public universities in Malaysia. The demands will be considered into our existing mathematical model to make it more generalized and can be used widely. We have distributed questionnaires to a number of lecturers and students of the university to investigate their demands and preferences for their desired course timetable. We classify the preferences thus converting them to construct one mathematical model that can produce such timetable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=University%20course%20timetabling%20problem" title="University course timetabling problem">University course timetabling problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integer%20programming" title=" integer programming"> integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=preferences" title=" preferences"> preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=constraints." title=" constraints."> constraints.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/a-survey-on-the-requirements-of-university-course-timetabling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1831</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Transesterification of Jojoba Oil-Wax Using Microwave Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labiba%20I.%20Hussein">Labiba I. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maher%20Z.%20Elsabee"> Maher Z. Elsabee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eid%20A.%20Ismail"> Eid A. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hala%20F.%20Naguib"> Hala F. Naguib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hilda%20A.%20Aziz"> Hilda A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moataz%20A.%20Elsawy"> Moataz A. Elsawy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Jojoba oil-wax is extracted from the seeds of the jojoba (<em>Simmondsia chinensis</em> Link Schneider), a perennial shrub that grows in semi desert areas in Egypt and in some parts of the world. The main uses of jojoba oil-wax are in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, but new uses could arise related to the search of new energetic crops. This paper summarizes a process to convert the jojoba oil-wax to biodiesel by transesterification with ethanol and a series of aliphatic alcohols using a more economic and energy saving method in a domestic microwave. The effect of time and power of the microwave on the extent of the transesterification using ethanol and other aliphatic alcohols has been studied. The separation of the alkyl esters from the fatty alcohols rich fraction has been done in a single crystallization step at low temperature (−18°C) from low boiling point petroleum ether. Gas chromatography has been used to follow up the transesterification process. All products have been characterized by spectral analysis.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jojoba%20oil" title="Jojoba oil">Jojoba oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas%20chromatography%20jojoba%20esters" title=" gas chromatography jojoba esters"> gas chromatography jojoba esters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jojoba%20alcohol." title=" Jojoba alcohol."> Jojoba alcohol.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/transesterification-of-jojoba-oil-wax-using-microwave-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3712</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oustous%20Aziz&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oustous%20Aziz&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oustous%20Aziz&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oustous%20Aziz&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>