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Disponible en 22 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تخليق الأحماض الدهنية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخليق الأحماض الدهنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADntesi_d%27%C3%A0cids_grassos" title="Síntesi d'àcids grassos – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Síntesi d'àcids grassos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synt%C3%A9za_mastn%C3%BDch_kyselin" title="Syntéza mastných kyselin – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Syntéza mastných kyselin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetts%C3%A4uresynthese" title="Fettsäuresynthese – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fettsäuresynthese" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_synthesis" title="Fatty acid synthesis – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fatty acid synthesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosintezo_de_grasaj_acidoj" title="Biosintezo de grasaj acidoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biosintezo de grasaj acidoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynth%C3%A8se_des_acides_gras" title="Biosynthèse des acides gras – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biosynthèse des acides gras" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADntese_de_%C3%A1cidos_graxos" title="Síntese de ácidos graxos – gallego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Síntese de ácidos graxos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_zs%C3%ADrsavak_szint%C3%A9zise" title="A zsírsavak szintézise – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A zsírsavak szintézise" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesis_asam_lemak" title="Sintesis asam lemak – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sintesis asam lemak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesi_degli_acidi_grassi" title="Sintesi degli acidi grassi – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sintesi degli acidi grassi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E3%81%AE%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="脂肪酸の合成 – japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脂肪酸の合成" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%B0_%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="지방산 합성 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지방산 합성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D3%A9%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Өөхний хүчлийн нийлэгжилт – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Өөхний хүчлийн нийлэгжилт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynteza_kwas%C3%B3w_t%C5%82uszczowych" title="Biosynteza kwasów tłuszczowych – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biosynteza kwasów tłuszczowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Биосинтез жирных кислот – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биосинтез жирных кислот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteza_masnih_kiselina" title="Sinteza masnih kiselina – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sinteza masnih kiselina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteza_masnih_kiselina" title="Sinteza masnih kiselina – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sinteza masnih kiselina" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettsyrasyntes" title="Fettsyrasyntes – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fettsyrasyntes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yog%CA%BB_kislotalari_sintezi" title="Yogʻ kislotalari sintezi – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yogʻ kislotalari sintezi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p_acid_b%C3%A9o" title="Tổng hợp acid béo – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng hợp acid béo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="脂肪酸合成 – chino" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脂肪酸合成" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Esquema_de_FAS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Esquema_de_FAS.png/300px-Esquema_de_FAS.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Esquema_de_FAS.png/450px-Esquema_de_FAS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Esquema_de_FAS.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Esquema que representa la biosíntesis del <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_palm%C3%ADtico" title="Ácido palmítico">ácido palmítico</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Los <b>ácidos grasos</b> son <a href="/wiki/Biomol%C3%A9culas" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomoléculas">biomoléculas</a> muy importantes para los seres vivos, se lleva a cabo en el citoplasma y citosol. Son los principales constituyentes de los <a href="/wiki/Triglic%C3%A9rido" title="Triglicérido">triglicéridos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aceite" title="Aceite">aceites</a> y <a href="/wiki/Grasa" title="Grasa">grasas</a>, que actúan como reserva energética) y de los <a href="/wiki/Fosfol%C3%ADpido" title="Fosfolípido">fosfolípidos</a> (que forman el armazón de las <a href="/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A1tica" title="Membrana plasmática">membranas celulares</a>). Su biosíntesis es, pues, de crucial importancia para todos los organismos.<sup id="cite_ref-leh_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-leh-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El principal precursor de los ácidos grasos es el <a href="/wiki/Malonil-CoA" title="Malonil-CoA">malonil-CoA</a>, una molécula que aporta dos de sus tres átomos de <a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono">carbono</a> al esqueleto carbonado del ácido graso en crecimiento. El malonil-CoA proviene, a su vez, del <a href="/wiki/Acetil-CoA" title="Acetil-CoA">acetil-CoA</a>. Todas las reacciones de síntesis de ácidos grasos tienen lugar en el <a href="/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol">citosol</a> de las células. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Síntesis_de_malonil-CoA"><span id="S.C3.ADntesis_de_malonil-CoA"></span>Síntesis de malonil-CoA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bios%C3%ADntesis_de_%C3%A1cidos_grasos&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Síntesis de malonil-CoA"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la síntesis de los ácidos grasos interviene un intermediario que no participa en la degradación (<a href="/wiki/Beta-oxidaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-oxidación">beta-oxidación</a>), el <a href="/wiki/Malonil-CoA" title="Malonil-CoA">malonil-CoA</a>. El malonil-CoA se forma a partir de <a href="/wiki/Acetil-CoA" title="Acetil-CoA">acetil-CoA</a> y de <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonato" title="Bicarbonato">bicarbonato</a>, reacción que consume <a href="/wiki/Adenos%C3%ADn_trifosfato" title="Adenosín trifosfato">ATP</a> y que está <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1lisis" title="Catálisis">catalizada</a> por la <a href="/wiki/Acetil-CoA_carboxilasa" title="Acetil-CoA carboxilasa">acetil-CoA carboxilasa</a>, enzima que requiere <a href="/wiki/Biotina" title="Biotina">biotina</a> como <a href="/wiki/Cofactor" title="Cofactor">cofactor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leh_1-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-leh-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:ACAC_mechanism.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/ACAC_mechanism.png/600px-ACAC_mechanism.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/ACAC_mechanism.png 1.5x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption><div style="border-width: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid black; text-align: left;"><b>Síntesis de malonil-CoA; reacción de la acetil-CoA carboxilasa</b>.</div>Los colores corresponden a: <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: blue;">enzima</span>, <span style="color: rgb(219,155,36);">coenzimas</span>, <span style="color: rgb(151,149,45);">substratos</span>, <span style="color: rgb(227,13,196);">iones metálicos</span>, <span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);">fosfato</span> y <span style="color: red;">bicarbonato</span> </span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elongación"><span id="Elongaci.C3.B3n"></span>Elongación</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bios%C3%ADntesis_de_%C3%A1cidos_grasos&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Elongación"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Como en la <a href="/wiki/Beta-oxidaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-oxidación">β-oxidación de A.C</a>, la elongación ocurre a través de cuatro reacciones recurrentes. En el diagrama adjunto, las unidades de <a href="/wiki/Acetil" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetil">acetil</a> y <a href="/wiki/Malonil" class="mw-redirect" title="Malonil">malonil</a> se muestran como sus <a href="/wiki/Tio%C3%A9ster" title="Tioéster">tioésteres</a> con su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prote%C3%ADna_transportadora_de_acilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteína transportadora de acilo (aún no redactado)">proteína transportadora de acilos</a> (ACP); así es los <a href="/wiki/Microorganismos" class="mw-redirect" title="Microorganismos">microorganismos</a> y las <a href="/wiki/Plantas" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantas">plantas</a> sintetizan sus ácidos grasos. En cambio, en los <a href="/wiki/Animales" class="mw-redirect" title="Animales">animales</a>, esas mismas reacciones ocurren en una gran <a href="/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima">enzima</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADmero_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Dímero (biología)">dimérica</a>, la <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_graso_sintasa" title="Ácido graso sintasa">ácido graso sintasa</a> que tiene todas las actividades enzimáticas necesarias para la síntesis y liberación de ácidos grasos libres. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Paso</b></td> <td><b>Descripción</b></td> <td><b>Reacción</b></td> <td><b>Enzima</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Condensación</td> <td>El primer paso es la <a href="/wiki/Condensaci%C3%B3n_(reacci%C3%B3n)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condensación (reacción)">condensación</a> del acetil-ACP y el malonil-ACP, lo que conduce a la formación de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetoacetil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetoacetil (aún no redactado)">acetoacetil</a>-ACP con liberación de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono">CO<sub>2</sub></a>.</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:FattyAcid-MB-Condensation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/FattyAcid-MB-Condensation.png/400px-FattyAcid-MB-Condensation.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/FattyAcid-MB-Condensation.png/600px-FattyAcid-MB-Condensation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/FattyAcid-MB-Condensation.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="102" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-cetoacil-ACP_sintasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta-cetoacil-ACP sintasa (aún no redactado)">β-Cetoacil-ACP sintasa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reducción del acetoacetil-ACP</td> <td>En este paso, el acetoacetil-ACP es reducido por el <a href="/wiki/NADPH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADPH">NADPH</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=D-3-hidroxibutiril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-3-hidroxibutiril (aún no redactado)">D-3-hidroxibutiril</a>-ACP. El doble enlace se reduce a un grupo <a href="/wiki/Hidroxilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidroxilo">hidroxilo</a>. Solo se forma el <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3mero" class="mw-redirect" title="Isómero">isómero</a> D.</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:FattyAcid-MB-Reduction1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/FattyAcid-MB-Reduction1.svg/400px-FattyAcid-MB-Reduction1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/FattyAcid-MB-Reduction1.svg/600px-FattyAcid-MB-Reduction1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/FattyAcid-MB-Reduction1.svg/800px-FattyAcid-MB-Reduction1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-cetoacil-ACP_reductasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta-cetoacil-ACP reductasa (aún no redactado)">β-Cetoacil-ACP reductasa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deshidratación</td> <td>En esta reacción, el D-3-hidroxibutiril-ACP es deshidratado a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crotonil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crotonil (aún no redactado)">crotonil</a>-ACP.</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:FattyAcid-MB-Dehydration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FattyAcid-MB-Dehydration.png/400px-FattyAcid-MB-Dehydration.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/FattyAcid-MB-Dehydration.png 1.5x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="78" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Hidroxiacil-ACP_deshidratasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Hidroxiacil-ACP deshidratasa (aún no redactado)">3-Hidroxiacil-ACP deshidratasa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reducción del crotonil-ACP</td> <td>Durante este paso final, el crotonil-ACP es <a href="/wiki/Redox" class="mw-redirect" title="Redox">reducido</a> por el <a href="/wiki/NADPH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADPH">NADPH</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butiril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butiril (aún no redactado)">butiril</a>-ACP.</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:FattyAcid-MB-Reduction2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/FattyAcid-MB-Reduction2.svg/400px-FattyAcid-MB-Reduction2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/FattyAcid-MB-Reduction2.svg/600px-FattyAcid-MB-Reduction2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/FattyAcid-MB-Reduction2.svg/800px-FattyAcid-MB-Reduction2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1093" data-file-height="187" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enoil-ACP_reductasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enoil-ACP reductasa (aún no redactado)">Enoil-ACP reductasa</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>En el primer ciclo se condensan un acetil-ACP y un malonil-ACP (derivado del anterior), por lo que se juntan 4 carbonos de golpe. En los ciclos siguientes ya solo se añadirá un malonil-ACP, por lo que se irán añadiendo carbonos de dos en dos. El producto final del proceso es siempre <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_palm%C3%ADtico" title="Ácido palmítico">ácido palmítico</a>, un <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_graso_saturado" class="mw-redirect" title="Ácido graso saturado">ácido graso saturado</a> de 16 carbonos, que es inmediatamente <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ster" title="Éster">esterificado</a> con el coenzima A, para formar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmitoil-CoA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmitoil-CoA (aún no redactado)">palmitoil-CoA</a> (lo mismo se hace con cualquier ácido graso proveniente de la dieta). A partir de él, una vez transportado al <a href="/wiki/Ret%C3%ADculo_endoplasm%C3%A1tico" title="Retículo endoplasmático">retículo endoplasmático</a>, pueden sintetizarse otros ácidos grasos. </p><p>En vista de lo anterior, se entiende la siguiente estequeometría: </p> <center><b>8 Acetil-CoA + 14 (NADPH + H<sup>+</sup>) + 7 ATP → Ácido palmítico (C<sub>16</sub>) + 8 <a href="/wiki/CoA" class="mw-redirect" title="CoA">CoA</a> + 14 NADP<sup>+</sup> + 7 (ADP + P<sub>i</sub>) + 7 H<sub>2</sub>O</b></center> <p>Dado que el Á.palmítico tiene 16 carbonos, se requieren 7 ciclos (de 4 carbonos el primero y 2 los siguientes) para formarlo. Por ello se necesitan: </p> <ul><li>8 Acetil-CoA: uno por cada ciclo (para transformarse en 7 malonil-CoA) más uno extra en el primero, que se condensa tal cual.</li> <li>7 ATP: necesario uno en cada ciclo para transformar el Acetil-CoA en Malonil-CoA.</li> <li>14 NADPH: Dos por ciclo.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bios%C3%ADntesis_de_%C3%A1cidos_grasos&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-leh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-leh_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leh_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. 2006. <i>Lehninger Principios de Bioquímica</i>, 4ª edición. Ed. 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