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Canada and the World Trade Organization (WTO)

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href="http://www.canada.ca/en/index.html">Canada.ca</a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/index.aspx?lang=eng">Canada and the world</a></li><li><a href="https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/index.aspx?lang=eng">Canada's international relations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/partnerships_organizations-partenariats_organisations.aspx?lang=eng">Partnerships and organizations</a></li><li>Canada and the World Trade Organization (WTO)</li> </ol> </div> </nav> </header> <main property="mainContentOfPage" resource="#wb-main" class="container" typeof="WebPageElement"> <!-- MainContentStart --> <!-- content_start --> <!-- --> <!-- REVIEW --> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-6"><h1 id="wb-cont" property="name">Canada and the World Trade Organization (WTO)</h1><p>The World Trade Organization helps create rules for trade between its 166 members. Canada is a strong proponent of the multilateral trading system, with the WTO at its core.</p></div><div class="col-md-6"><img class="img-responsive thumbnail" alt="" src="/world-monde/assets/images/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/wto-omc-banner.jpg"></div></div><div class="mrgn-lft-md mrgn-rght-md pull-right"><section class="followus"><h2>Follow:</h2><ul><li><a class="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkValqrh2mc" rel="external"><span class="wb-inv">YouTube</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a1">Overview</a></h2><p>The World Trade Organization provides a common framework for conducting trade relations among its 166 Members.</p></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a2">Trade and development</a></h2><p>Canada plays an important role in participating and contributing to various WTO-led initiatives to support developing and least-developed members.</p></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a3">Dispute settlement</a></h2><p>Canada participates in many WTO disputes as a complainant, a respondent or a third party.</p></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a4">Multilateral negotiations</a></h2><p>Trade negotiations are a key function of the WTO.</p></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a5">Joint Statement Initiatives</a></h2><p>Learn about Canada&rsquo;s participation in the WTO Joint Statement Initiatives.</p></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a6">Trade and environment</a></h2><p>Learn more about Canada&rsquo;s role in WTO Trade and Environmental Sustainability initiatives.</p></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a7">Ministerial conferences</a></h2><p>The Ministerial Conferences are the highest decision-making body of the WTO.</p></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a8">Trade policy reviews</a></h2><p>Surveillance of national trade policies is a fundamental activity conducted by the WTO.</p></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a9">Reform Agenda and the Ottawa Group</a></h2><p>Canada is committed to its leadership role in finding solutions to modernize the institution and to the 21st-century challenges to the multilateral trading system.</p></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a10">Contact us</a></h2><p>If you have questions or comments, we would like to hear from you.</p></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="col-md-6"><h2 class="h5"><a href="#a11">News</a></h2><p>Official Government of Canada news releases, statements and media advisories related to the World Trade Organization.</p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><h2 id="a1">Overview</h2><p>The <a href="https://www.wto.org/">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO), established in 1995, provides a common institutional framework for conducting trade relations among its 166 Members, including:</p><ul class="lst-spcd"><li>administering WTO trade agreements and providing a forum for negotiations of new rules among its Members</li><li>administering the rules and procedures concerning the conduct of handling trade disputes between its Members</li><li>facilitating the monitoring of Members&rsquo; trade policies to help ensure transparency and compliance with WTO trade agreements</li><li>providing technical assistance and training to help developing country Members take full advantage of the multilateral trading system</li></ul><p>The WTO has several councils and specialized&nbsp;committees, working groups and working parties dealing with agreements covering a wide range of trade-related issues.</p><p>Canada has been a member of the WTO since the organization&rsquo;s establishment and is a strong proponent of an open, rules-based multilateral trading system. Creating opportunities for Canadian workers and businesses through WTO participation on a global scale is a central part of our trade policy.</p><p>Canada endorses the goal of universal membership in the WTO and participates in all negotiations of countries seeking to join the organization.</p><p>For more information, refer to:</p><ul class="lst-spcd"><li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/canada_e.htm">Canada and the WTO</a></li><li><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/statements-declarations.aspx?lang=eng">Canada&rsquo;s statements at the WTO</a></li><li><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/geneva-geneve.aspx?lang=eng">The Permanent Mission to the World Trade Organization in Geneva</a></li></ul><h2 id="a2">Trade and development</h2><p>Through participation in and contributions to various WTO-led initiatives, Canada plays an important role in supporting developing countries and least-developed countries (LDCs) in areas such as:</p><ul class="lst-spcd"><li>sustainable economic growth</li><li>poverty reduction</li><li>food security</li><li>environmental protection</li></ul><p>Canada has been contributing to WTO-led initiatives since Aid for Trade launched in 2005, through instruments such as:</p><ul class="lst-spcd"><li><a href="http://www.standardsfacility.org/">Standards and Trade Development Facility</a></li><li><a href="https://enhancedif.org/">Enhanced Integrated Framework</a>.</li></ul><p>Canada also supports the advancement of Trade and Development themes within WTO negotiations to facilitate a multilateral trading system that is accessible to all Members.</p><h2 id="a3">Dispute settlement</h2><p>Canada is an active participant in many WTO disputes, including as a complainant, a respondent or a third party. Participation in WTO dispute settlements help ensure that other WTO Members comply with their obligations and that the interests of Canadian stakeholders are protected.</p><p>The WTO maintains a <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_by_country_e.htm">full list of all disputes between WTO Members (including Canada)</a> and a repository of documents related to each case. The <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_e.htm">WTO Dispute settlement</a> page provides specific information about how disputes are settled.</p><p>Canada and 18 other WTO Members established the <a href="https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/Jobs/DSB/1A12.pdf&amp;Open=True">Multi-Party Interim Appeal-Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA)</a> to address the need to fill vacancies on the WTO&rsquo;s Appellate Body. The MPIA became operational in May 2020 and there are now more than 50 participants, including frequent users of the WTO dispute settlement system. The purpose of the MPIA is to safeguard the binding and two-stage dispute settlement between MPIA-participating Members on an interim basis, while work continues amongst all WTO Members to resolve the Appellate Body impasse. The MPIA is open to all WTO Members.&nbsp;</p><h2 id="a4">Multilateral negotiations</h2><p>Trade negotiations are a key function of the WTO. WTO Members have a standing mandate for multilateral negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda and pursue plurilateral negotiations whereby subsets of the full WTO membership are interested in specific areas of liberalization. Current active multilateral negotiations include:</p><ul class="lst-spcd"><li><a href="http://international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/wto-omc/agriculture.aspx?lang=eng">WTO Agriculture Negotiations</a></li><li><a href="http://international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/wto-omc/fisheries-peche.aspx?lang=eng">WTO Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations</a></li></ul><h2 id="a5">Joint Statement Initiatives</h2><p>Joint Statement Initiatives (JSI) are plurilateral initiatives to advance the negotiating agenda of the WTO. At the 11th WTO Ministerial Conference in December 2017, Canada and a broad range of WTO Members agreed to begin discussions towards future WTO negotiations in the areas of:</p><ul class="lst-spcd"><li><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/electronic-commerce-electronique.aspx?lang=eng">Electronic Commerce</a></li><li><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/domestic-interieure.aspx?lang=eng">Domestic Regulation</a></li><li><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/investment-facilitation-investissements.aspx?lang=eng">Investment Facilitation for Development</a></li><li><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/msme-mpme.aspx?lang=eng">Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs)</a></li></ul><p>These initiatives present a concrete opportunity to strengthen WTO rules and revitalize the negotiating function of the WTO to benefit Canadian businesses. The Joint Statement Initiatives are open to any WTO Member wishing to participate. They have the potential to serve as building blocks for new 21st century rules agreed to by the full WTO membership.</p><h2 id="a6">Trade and environment</h2><p>In 2020, Canada and like-minded WTO Members initiated &lsquo;structured discussions&rsquo; to focus on trade and environmental sustainability within the WTO, leading to the&nbsp;creation of the <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tessd_e/tessd_e.htm">Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD)</a>. The initiative, intended to complement the WTO&rsquo;s multilateral efforts, including those of the Committee on Trade and Environment, provides a forum for members and stakeholders to engage on how trade can support environmental sustainability. Canada, in partnership with Costa Rica, co-convenes TESSD, and is joined by 77 members. Additionally, Canada participates the <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/ppesp_e/ppesp_e.htm">Dialogue on Plastics Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade (DPP)</a>, which explores how the WTO could reduce plastics pollution and promote more environmentally sustainable trade in plastics.</p><h2 id="a7">Ministerial conferences</h2><p>The <a href="http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/minist_e.htm">WTO Ministerial Conferences</a> are the highest decision-making body of the WTO. It usually meets at least once every two years and is attended by the trade ministers of WTO Members. The Ministerial Conference can make decisions on any matters under any multilateral trade agreement.</p><h2 id="a8">Trade policy reviews</h2><p>Surveillance of national trade policies is a fundamental activity conducted by the WTO. It reviews the trade policies of its members at regular intervals. Canada is an active participant. The objectives of a trade policy review (TPR) include facilitating the smooth functioning of the multilateral trading system by enhancing the transparency of members&rsquo; trade policies. The frequency of each member&rsquo;s review varies according to its share of world trade. Canada&rsquo;s most recent TPR took place in June 2024. Canada is reviewed by the WTO on a five-year cycle.</p><p>The TPR process consists of 3 main stages:</p><ol><li><strong>Reports:</strong> In advance of the TPR, both the WTO secretariat and the Government of Canada would release their respective report. The WTO Secretariat seeks to provide a detailed overview of Canada&rsquo;s economic environment, trade and investment regimes, as well as specific sectorial policies and practices adopted since its last review in 2019. The Government Report seeks to outlines Canada&rsquo;s strategic trade orientations and highlighted significant policy changes and initiatives that were carried out during the period under review.</li><li><strong>Advanced written questions</strong>: These two reports would serve as the basis for all WTO members to submit written questions. Canada is required to provide written responses to these questions before its Trade Policy Review Body Appearance (TPRB) to ensure fruitful discussions.</li><li><strong>Trade Policy Review Body appearance:</strong> Canada&rsquo;s trade policy regime was discussed at the meeting of the WTO Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) in Geneva from June 19 to 21, 2024. All documents become public 30 days after Canada&rsquo;s appearance.</li></ol><ul class="lst-spcd"><li><a href="http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tpr_e.htm">Trade Policy Review Mechanism</a></li><li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp555_e.htm">Trade Policy Review: Canada</a></li><li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/archive_e/trdev_arc_e.htm">WTO reports on recent trade developments</a></li></ul><h2 id="a9">Reform and the Ottawa Group</h2><p>The WTO is at a crossroads and faces many challenges that are stressing the multilateral trading system. In response, Canada has brought together a small group of WTO members committed to supporting and strengthening the multilateral trading system called the Ottawa Group on WTO reform. This group consists of 14 members:</p><ul class="lst-spcd colcount-sm-3"><li>Australia</li><li>Brazil</li><li>Canada</li><li>Chile</li><li>European Union</li><li>Japan</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Korea</li><li>Mexico</li><li>New Zealand</li><li>Norway</li><li>Singapore</li><li>Switzerland</li><li>United Kingdom</li></ul><p>Canada convenes meetings of the Ottawa Group to engage in meaningful exchanges to enhance and improve the WTO over the short, medium and long term.</p><p>The group works openly and engages additional WTO members when appropriate. The work of the Ottawa Group is meant to contribute to the development of ideas and suggestions to the broader WTO membership for consideration and discussion.</p><p>For more information, refer to the <a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/ottawa-group-groupe.aspx?lang=eng">Ottawa Group and WTO reform</a> page.</p><h2 id="a10">Contact us</h2><p>If you have questions or comments about this initiative, please contact us:</p><p>Trade Policy and Negotiations Division (TCW)<br>Global Affairs Canada<br>Lester B. Pearson Building<br>125 Sussex Drive<br>Ottawa, Ontario&nbsp; K1A 0G2</p><p>Fax: 613-944-0757<br>Email: <a href="mailto:consultations@international.gc.ca">consultations@international.gc.ca</a></p><h2 id="a11">News</h2>List of official Government of Canada press releases, ministerial statements and media advisories pertaining to the World Trade Organization.<div class="org-news"><section class="wb-feeds limit-3"><ul class="feeds-cont list-unstyled lst-spcd"><li><a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2024/06/world-trade-organization-report-praises-canadas-open-and-inclusive-approach-to-trade-and-investment.html">World Trade Organization report praises Canada&rsquo;s open and inclusive approach to trade and investment</a> <br><small class="feeds-date"> <time>2024-06-19</time> </small></li><li><a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2024/03/minister-ng-advances-canadas-trade-priorities-at-13th-wto-ministerial-conference-in-abu-dhabi.html">Minister Ng advances Canada&rsquo;s trade priorities at 13th WTO Ministerial Conference in Abu Dhabi</a> <br><small class="feeds-date"> <time>2024-03-02</time> </small></li><li><a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2023/12/minister-ng-advances-canadian-trade-priorities-with-wto-partners.html">Minister Ng advances Canadian trade priorities with WTO partners</a> <br><small class="feeds-date"> <time>22023-12-11</time> </small></li></ul></section><p class="text-right"><strong><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/wto-omc/news-nouvelles/index.aspx?lang=eng">All news</a></strong></p></div><h2>Related links</h2><ul class="lst-spcd"><li><a href="http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact2_e.htm">Principles of the [WTO] trading system</a></li><li><a href="http://wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm1_e.htm">Understanding the WTO: The agreements</a></li><li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/legal_e.htm">WTO legal texts</a></li><li><a href="/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/un-onu/index.aspx?lang=eng">Canada and the United Nations (UN)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/acces_e.htm">How to become a member of the WTO</a></li><li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm">WTO members and observers</a></li></ul></div></div><!--gen_lmd2024-06-21gen_lmd--> <!-- --> <!-- REVIEW --> <!-- content_end --> <!-- <st_snippet_bottom_bar_main/> --> <!-- REVIEW --> <div class="pagedetails"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-4"> <details class="brdr-0"> <summary class="btn btn-default text-center">Report a problem on this page</summary> <div class="well row"> <div class="gc-rprt-prblm"> <div class="gc-rprt-prblm-frm gc-rprt-prblm-tggl"> <form action="#"> <fieldset> <legend><span class="field-name">Please select all that apply: </span></legend> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="gc-rprt-prblm-f1"><input type="checkbox" name="problem1" value="Yes" id="gc-rprt-prblm-f1">A link, button or video is not working</label> <input name="problem1" type="hidden" value="No"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="gc-rprt-prblm-f2"><input type="checkbox" name="problem2" value="Yes" id="gc-rprt-prblm-f2">It has a spelling mistake</label> <input name="problem2" type="hidden" value="No"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="gc-rprt-prblm-f3"><input type="checkbox" name="problem3" value="Yes" id="gc-rprt-prblm-f3">Information is missing</label> <input name="problem3" type="hidden" value="No"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="gc-rprt-prblm-f4"><input type="checkbox" name="problem4" value="Yes" id="gc-rprt-prblm-f4">Information is outdated or wrong</label> <input name="problem4" type="hidden" value="No"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="gc-rprt-prblm-f5"><input type="checkbox" name="problem5" value="Yes" id="gc-rprt-prblm-f5">I can't find what I'm looking for</label> <input name="problem5" type="hidden" value="No"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for="gc-rprt-prblm-f6"><input type="checkbox" name="problem6" value="Yes" id="gc-rprt-prblm-f6">Other issue not in this list</label> <input name="problem6" type="hidden" value="No"> </div> </fieldset> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary wb-toggle" data-toggle='{"stateOff": "hide", "stateOn": "show", "selector": ".gc-rprt-prblm-tggl"}'>Submit</button> </form> </div> <div class="gc-rprt-prblm-thnk gc-rprt-prblm-tggl hide"> <h3>Thank you for your help!</h3> <p>You will not receive a reply. 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