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metabolism</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: urban metabolism"> <meta name="keywords" content="urban metabolism"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="urban metabolism"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4251</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: urban metabolism</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4131</span> Cardioprotective Effects of Grape Seed Extract against Lipo-toxicity and Energy Metabolism Alterations in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thouraya%20Majoul">Thouraya Majoul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity is now a real public health issue throughout the world, and it is well-established that obesity leads to cardiovascular diseases. The prevention and treatment of obesity using nutritional supplements has become a realistic and effective approach. This study was carried out to analyze the incidence of a high-fat diet on rat heart metabolism as well as on fatty acids composition, then to investigate the eventual protective effects of a grape seed extract (GSE). The experimental design consisted of three rat groups subjected to three different conditions; standard (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+GSE (HG). We showed that GSE counteracted the effect of HFD on fatty acid composition, namely, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), palmitic acid (PA) and palmitoleic acid. Besides, GSE treatment restored HFD-altered metabolic pathways through the recovery of some cardiac enzyme activities such as lipase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. The cardiac lactate level and lactate dehydrogenase activity were also analyzed in relation to HFD and GSE administration. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the anti-obesity and cardioprotective effects of GSE in relation to fatty acid composition and some cardiac enzymes, supporting its role as a therapeutic agent of obesity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grape%20seed%20extract" title="Grape seed extract">Grape seed extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic" title=" phenolic"> phenolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardioprotective" title=" cardioprotective"> cardioprotective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipotoxicity" title=" lipotoxicity"> lipotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20metabolism" title=" energy metabolism"> energy metabolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166483/cardioprotective-effects-of-grape-seed-extract-against-lipo-toxicity-and-energy-metabolism-alterations-in-high-fat-diet-induced-obese-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4130</span> Between Riots and Protests: A Structural Approach to Urban Environmental Uprisings in China </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zi%20Zhu">Zi Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The last decade has witnessed increasing urban environmental uprisings in China, as thousands of citizens swarmed into streets to express their deep concerns about the environmental threat and public health through various collective actions. The prevalent western approaches to collective actions, which usually treat urban riots and social movements as distinct phenomenon, have plagued an adequate analysis of the urban environmental uprisings in China. The increasing urban environmental contention can neither be categorized into riots nor social movements, as they carry the features of both: at first sight, they are spontaneous, disorganized and disruptive with an absence of observable mobilization process; however, unlike riots in the west, these collective actions conveyed explicit demand in a mostly non-destructive way rather than a pure expression of frustration. This article proposes a different approach to urban environmental uprisings in China which concerns the diminishing boundaries between riots and social movements and points to the underlying structural causes to the unique forms of urban environmental contention. Taking the urban anti-PX protests as examples, this article analyzes the societal and political structural environment faced by the Chinese environmental protesters and its influence on the origin and development of their contention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environmental%20uprisings" title="urban environmental uprisings">urban environmental uprisings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-PX%20protests" title=" anti-PX protests"> anti-PX protests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opportunity%20structure" title=" opportunity structure"> opportunity structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58629/between-riots-and-protests-a-structural-approach-to-urban-environmental-uprisings-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4129</span> The Penetration of Urban Mobility Multi-Modality Enablers in a Vehicle-Dependent City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lama%20Yaseen">Lama Yaseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nourah%20Al-Hosain"> Nourah Al-Hosain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Multi-modal system in urban mobility is an essential framework for an optimized urban transport network. Many cities are still heavily dependent on vehicle transportation, dominantly using conventional fuel-based cars for daily travel. With the reliance on motorized vehicles in large cities such as Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia, traffic congestion is eminent, which ultimately results in an increase in road emissions and loss of time. Saudi Arabia plans to undergo a massive transformation in mobility infrastructure and urban greening projects, including introducing public transport and other massive urban greening infrastructures that enable alternative mobility options. This paper uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach that analyzes the accessibility of current and planned public transport stations and how they intertwine with massive urban greening projects that may play a role as an enabler of micro-mobility and walk-ability options in the city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title="urban development">urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20mobility" title=" urban mobility"> urban mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20mobility" title=" sustainable mobility"> sustainable mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East" title=" Middle East"> Middle East</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162430/the-penetration-of-urban-mobility-multi-modality-enablers-in-a-vehicle-dependent-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4128</span> Identification of Parameters for Urban and Regional Level Infrastructure Development - A Theoretical Perspective: Case Study – Rail Based Mass Transit in Indian Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chitresh%20Kumar">Chitresh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santanu%20Gupta"> Santanu Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research work intends to understand the process of initiation, planning and development of capital-intensive urban area level infrastructure development in East Asian Cities (specific to Indian Cities). With the onset of emphasis on sustainable urban transport, self-financed urban local bodies, it has become of utmost important to identify infrastructure and projects on a priority basis, which provide optimal utility to the urban area. Through identification of Spatial, Demographic and Socio-Economic and Political Instability Parameters and their trends for the past 60 years at the urban area and state level, the paper attempts to identify the most suitable time period when initiation of the project would become economically and demographically viable for the city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title="urban planning">urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20planning" title=" regional planning"> regional planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transit" title=" mass transit"> mass transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20development" title=" infrastructure development"> infrastructure development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20planning" title=" spatial planning"> spatial planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32373/identification-of-parameters-for-urban-and-regional-level-infrastructure-development-a-theoretical-perspective-case-study-rail-based-mass-transit-in-indian-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4127</span> Urban Roof Farming: A Smart City Solution Leading to Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phibankhamti%20%20Ryngnga">Phibankhamti Ryngnga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is a common phenomenon worldwide that farmland has been gradually converted for urban development particularly in the 21st century keeping in mind the population increase on the other hand. Since food demand and supply are not in equilibrium in urban set up, therefore, there is a need for alternative to feed the hungry urban settlers worldwide. In this regard, urban rooftop farming is the only way out to meet the growing demand for food production with the extra benefits of making our urban areas and cities greener and when the populace is exposed to nature and vegetation, it in turn provides an array of psychological benefits, from decreased anxiety to increased productivity. Bare roofs in cities absorb and then radiate heat — a phenomenon known as the “heat island effect. This increases energy usage and contributes to the poor air quality that often plagues big cities. But Urban rooftop farming do provide many solutions to help cool buildings, ultimately reducing carbon emissions, and by growing food in the communities they serve, rooftop farmers lessen the environmental impact of food transportation. This paper will emphasise the significance of Urban roof farming in the present century which in itself a multi-solution to various city problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title="urban">urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20farming" title=" roof farming"> roof farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20solution" title=" smart solution"> smart solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128628/urban-roof-farming-a-smart-city-solution-leading-to-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4126</span> Research on Ecological Space Improvement Strategy from the Perspective of Urban Double Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisi%20Xia">Sisi Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dezhuan%20Tao"> Dezhuan Tao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban Double Reform is an effective means to improve the quality of ecological space, based on improving the living environment and urban functions and promoting the organic integration of the city and nature. This paper takes the design of Qinyang Wetland Park in Jiaozuo, Henan Province, as an example, attempting to closely link the ecological restoration of wetland with the urban culture and to extend the urban spirit of the ancient county of Qinyang while purifying the ecological water system. This design uses ecological technology to repair underwater forests and underwater turf, rapidly improving the quality of urban water without biological side effects. The ecological grass slope is used to create multiple bank forms, combining with a number of hydrophilic platforms to provide a good view of the public. Through the placement of ecological education bases, urban cultural exhibition halls, and other means, the cultural value of wetland parks will be enhanced, and the citizens will return to nature and experience the ecology and appreciate the charm of urban culture in the ecological space. Repair the ecosystem, sculpt the urban culture, let the public return to nature, experience the ecology, and experience the charm of urban culture in the ecological space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20double%20reform" title="urban double reform">urban double reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20space" title=" ecological space"> ecological space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement%20strategy" title=" improvement strategy"> improvement strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20park%20design" title=" wetland park design"> wetland park design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140912/research-on-ecological-space-improvement-strategy-from-the-perspective-of-urban-double-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4125</span> Addressing Urban Security Challenges in Nigeria through Neighborhood Renewal: A Reflection of Mokola World Bank Slum Upgrading Pilot Project</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabiti%20S.%20Tabiti">Tabiti S. Tabiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Jinadu"> A. M. Jinadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daramola%20Japheth"> Daramola Japheth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban insecurity is among the challenges militating against sustainable urban governance; in the first place it distorts the peace of urban areas making them unsafe. On the other hand it hinders the effective performance of urban functions. Urban security challenges manifest in different forms such as, street violence, theft and robbery, accidents of different types kidnapping, killings etc.. Efforts to address urban security challenges in Nigeria have been concentrated in legislative, law enforcement and the use of community vigilante groups. However in this study, the place of physical planning strategy through effective neighbourhood renewal as practiced in Mokola is presented as an effective complementary approach for addressing urban insecurity. On this backdrop, the paper recommends the need for gradual rehabilitation of urban slum neighborhoods by the state government in collaboration with World Bank and other development financiers. The local governments should be made autonomy in Nigeria so as to make them more responsible to the people. Other recommendations suggested in the paper include creating enabling environment that will promote economic empowerment and public enlightment on personal and community sanitation. It is certain that if these recommendations are adopted the challenge of urban insecurity will reduce significantly in Nigerian cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighbourhood%20renewal" title="neighbourhood renewal">neighbourhood renewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilot%20project" title=" pilot project"> pilot project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slum%20upgrading" title=" slum upgrading"> slum upgrading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20security" title=" urban security"> urban security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19113/addressing-urban-security-challenges-in-nigeria-through-neighborhood-renewal-a-reflection-of-mokola-world-bank-slum-upgrading-pilot-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4124</span> Evaluating the Impact of Urban Green Spaces on Urban Microclimate of Lahore: A Rapidly Urbanizing Metropolis of the Punjab-Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nasar-U-Minallah">Muhammad Nasar-U-Minallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagmar%20Haase"> Dagmar Haase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Qureshi"> Salman Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safdar%20Ali%20Shirazi"> Safdar Ali Shirazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban green spaces (UGS) play a key role in the urban ecology of an area since they provide significant ecological services to compensate for natural environment functions damaged by the rapid growth of urbanization. The transformation of urban green specs to impervious landscapes has been recognized as a key factor prompting the distinctive urban heat and associated microclimatic changes. There is no doubt that urban green spaces offer a range of ecosystem services that can help to mitigate the ill effects of urbanization, heat anomalies, and climate change. The present study attempts to appraise the impact of urban green spaces on the urban thermal environment for the development of the microclimatic conditions in Lahore, Pakistan. The influence of urban heat has been studied through Landsat 8 data. The land surface temperature (LST) of Lahore was computed through the Radiative transfer method (RTM). The spatial variation of land surface temperature is retrieved to describe their local heat effect on urban microclimate. The association between the LST, normalized difference vegetation index, and the normalized difference built-up index are investigated to explore the impact of the urban green spaces and impervious surfaces on urban microclimate. The results of this study show significant changes in (impervious land surface 18% increase) land use within the study area. However, conversion of natural green cover to commercial and residential uses considerably increases the LST. Furthermore, results show that green spaces were the major heat sinks while impervious landscapes were the major heat source in the study area. Urban green spaces reveal 1 to 3℃ lower LST associated with their surrounding urban built-up area. This study shows that urban green spaces will help to mitigate the effect of urban microclimate and it is significant for the sustainable urban environment as well as to improve the quality of life of the urban inhabitants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20environmental" title="thermal environmental">thermal environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20space" title=" urban green space"> urban green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20effect" title=" cooling effect"> cooling effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microclimate" title=" microclimate"> microclimate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahore" title=" Lahore"> Lahore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148868/evaluating-the-impact-of-urban-green-spaces-on-urban-microclimate-of-lahore-a-rapidly-urbanizing-metropolis-of-the-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4123</span> Research on Road Openness in the Old Urban Residential District Based on Space Syntax: A Case Study on Kunming within the First Loop Road </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haoyang%20Liang">Haoyang Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dandong%20Ge"> Dandong Ge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of Chinese cities, traffic congestion has become more and more serious. At the same time, there are many closed old residential area in Chinese cities, which seriously affect the connectivity of urban roads and reduce the density of urban road networks. After reopening the restricted old residential area, the internal roads in the original residential area were transformed into urban roads, which was of great help to alleviate traffic congestion. This paper uses the spatial syntactic theory to analyze the urban road network and compares the roads with the integration and connectivity degree to evaluate whether the opening of the roads in the residential areas can improve the urban traffic. Based on the road network system within the first loop road in Kunming, the Space Syntax evaluation model is established for status analysis. And comparative analysis method will be used to compare the change of the model before and after the road openness of the old urban residential district within the first-ring road in Kunming. Then it will pick out the areas which indicate a significant difference for the small dimensions model analysis. According to the analyzed results and traffic situation, the evaluation of road openness in the old urban residential district will be proposed to improve the urban residential districts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Space%20Syntax" title="Space Syntax">Space Syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunming" title=" Kunming"> Kunming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20renovation" title=" urban renovation"> urban renovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20jam" title=" traffic jam"> traffic jam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112801/research-on-road-openness-in-the-old-urban-residential-district-based-on-space-syntax-a-case-study-on-kunming-within-the-first-loop-road" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4122</span> Targeting Methionine Metabolism In Gastric Cancer; Promising To Improve Chemosensetivity With Non-hetrogeneity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigatu%20Tadesse">Nigatu Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Juan"> Li Juan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liuhong%20Ming"> Liuhong Ming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common and fourth deadly cancer in the world with limited treatment options at late advanced stage in which surgical therapy is not recommended with chemotherapy remain as the mainstay of treatment. However, the occurrence of chemoresistance as well as intera-tumoral and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of response to targeted and immunotherapy underlined a clear unmet treatment need in gastroenterology. Several molecular and cellular alterations ascribed for chemo resistance in GC including cancer stem cells (CSC) and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. Cancer cells including CSC bears higher metabolic demand and major changes in TME involves alterations of gut microbiota interacting with nutrients metabolism. Metabolic upregulation in lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids biosynthesis pathways identified as a common hall mark in GC. Metabolic addiction to methionine metabolism occurs in many cancer cells to promote the biosynthesis of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor molecule for high rate of transmethylation in GC and promote cell proliferation. Targeting methionine metabolism found to promotes chemo-sensitivity with treatment non-heterogeneity. Methionine restriction (MR) promoted the arrest of cell cycle at S/G2 phase and enhanced downregulation of GC cells resistance to apoptosis (including ferroptosis), which suggests the potential of synergy with chemotherapies acting at S-phase of the cell cycle as well as inducing cell apoptosis. Accumulated evidences showed both the biogenesis as well as intracellular metabolism of exogenous methionine could be safe and effective target for therapy either alone or in combination with chemotherapies. This review article provides an over view of the upregulation in methionine biosynthesis pathway and the molecular signaling through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-c-MYC axis to promote metabolic reprograming through activating the expression of L-type aminoacid-1 (LAT1) transporter and overexpression of Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A(MAT2A) for intercellular metabolic conversion of exogenous methionine to SAM in GC, and the potential of targeting with novel therapeutic agents such as methioninase (METase), Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), c-MYC, methyl like transferase 16 (METTL16) inhibitors that are currently under clinical trial development stages and future perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20cancer" title="gastric cancer">gastric cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methionine%20metabolism" title=" methionine metabolism"> methionine metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pi3k%2Fakt%2Fmtorc1-c-myc%20axis" title=" pi3k/akt/mtorc1-c-myc axis"> pi3k/akt/mtorc1-c-myc axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiota" title=" gut microbiota"> gut microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAT2A" title=" MAT2A"> MAT2A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=c-MYC" title=" c-MYC"> c-MYC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=METTL16" title=" METTL16"> METTL16</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methioninase" title=" methioninase"> methioninase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185697/targeting-methionine-metabolism-in-gastric-cancer-promising-to-improve-chemosensetivity-with-non-hetrogeneity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4121</span> Spatial Differentiation Patterns and Influencing Mechanism of Urban Greening in China: Based on Data of 289 Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fangzheng%20Li">Fangzheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiong%20Li"> Xiong Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Significant differences in urban greening have occurred in Chinese cities, which accompanied with China's rapid urbanization. However, few studies focused on the spatial differentiation of urban greening in China with large amounts of data. The spatial differentiation pattern, spatial correlation characteristics and the distribution shape of urban green space ratio, urban green coverage rate and public green area per capita were calculated and analyzed, using Global and Local Moran's I using data from 289 cities in 2014. We employed Spatial Lag Model and Spatial Error Model to assess the impacts of urbanization process on urban greening of China. Then we used Geographically Weighted Regression to estimate the spatial variations of the impacts. The results showed: 1. a significant spatial dependence and heterogeneity existed in urban greening values, and the differentiation patterns were featured by the administrative grade and the spatial agglomeration simultaneously; 2. it revealed that urbanization has a negative correlation with urban greening in Chinese cities. Among the indices, the the proportion of secondary industry, urbanization rate, population and the scale of urban land use has significant negative correlation with the urban greening of China. Automobile density and per capita Gross Domestic Product has no significant impact. The results of GWR modeling showed that the relationship between urbanization and urban greening was not constant in space. Further, the local parameter estimates suggested significant spatial variation in the impacts of various urbanization factors on urban greening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China%E2%80%99s%20urbanization" title="China’s urbanization">China’s urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographically%20weighted%20regression" title=" geographically weighted regression"> geographically weighted regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20differentiation%20pattern" title=" spatial differentiation pattern"> spatial differentiation pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20greening" title=" urban greening"> urban greening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67935/spatial-differentiation-patterns-and-influencing-mechanism-of-urban-greening-in-china-based-on-data-of-289-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4120</span> Methods of Livable Goal-Oriented Master Urban Design: A Case Study on Zibo City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoping%20Zhang">Xiaoping Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fengying%20Yan"> Fengying Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The implementation of the 'Urban Design Management Measures' requires that the master urban design should aim at creating a livable urban space. However, to our best knowledge, the existing researches and practices of master urban design not only focus less on the livable space but also face a number of problems such as paying more attention to the image of the city, ignoring the people-oriented and lacking dynamic continuity. In order to make the master urban design can better guide the construction of city. Firstly, the paper proposes the livable city hierarchy system to meet the needs of different groups of people and then constructs the framework of livable goal-oriented master urban design based on the theory of livable content and the ideological origin of people-oriented. Secondly, the paper takes the master urban design practice of Zibo as a sample and puts forward the design strategy of strengthening the pattern, improve the quality of space, shape the feature, and establish a series of action plans based on the strategy of urban space development. Finally, the paper explores the method system of livable goal-oriented master urban design from the aspects of safety pattern, morphology pattern, neighborhood scale, open space, street space, public interface, style feature, public participation and action plans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livable" title="livable">livable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20urban%20design" title=" master urban design"> master urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20participation" title=" public participation"> public participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zibo%20city" title=" zibo city"> zibo city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86263/methods-of-livable-goal-oriented-master-urban-design-a-case-study-on-zibo-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4119</span> 3D Visualization for the Relationship of the Urban Rule and Building Form by Using CityEngine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20Ku">Chin Ku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20liang%20Lin"> Han liang Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to visualize how the rule related to urban design influences the building form by 3D modeling software CityEngine. In order to make the goal of urban design clearly connect to urban form, urban planner or designer should understand how the rule affects the form, especially the building form. In Taiwan, the rule pertained to urban design includes traditional zoning, urban design review and building codes. However, zoning cannot precisely expect the outcome of building form and lack of thinking about public realm and 3D form. In addition to that, urban design review is based on case by case, do not have a comprehensive regulation plan and the building code is just for general regulation. Therefore, rule cannot make the urban form reach the vision or goal of the urban design. Consequently, another kind of zoning called Form-based code (FBC) has arisen. This study uses the component of FBC which pertained to urban fabric such as street width, block and plot size, etc., to be the variants of building form, and find out the relationship between the rule and building form. There are three stages of this research, it will start from a field survey of Taichung City in Taiwan to induce the rule-building form relationship by using cluster analysis and descriptive Statistics. Second, visualize the relationship through the parameterized and codified process in CityEngine which is the procedural modeling, and can analyze, monitor and visualize the 3D world. Last, compare the CityEngine result with real world to examine how extent do this model represent the real world appearance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20visualization" title="3D visualization">3D visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CityEngine" title=" CityEngine"> CityEngine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=form-based%20code" title=" form-based code"> form-based code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20form" title=" urban form"> urban form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78042/3d-visualization-for-the-relationship-of-the-urban-rule-and-building-form-by-using-cityengine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4118</span> On Figuring the City Characteristics and Landscape in Overall Urban Design: A Case Study in Xiangyang Central City, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guyue%20Zhu">Guyue Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liangping%20Hong"> Liangping Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chinese overall urban design faces a large number of problems such as the neglect of urban characteristics, generalization of content, and difficulty in implementation. Focusing on these issues, this paper proposes the main points of shaping urban characteristics in overall urban design: focuses on core problems in city function and scale, landscape pattern, historical culture, social resources and modern city style and digs the urban characteristic genes. Then, we put forward “core problem location and characteristic gene enhancement” as a kind of overall urban design technical method. Firstly, based on the main problems in urban space as a whole, for the operability goal, the method extracts the key genes and integrates into the multi-dimension system in a targeted manner. Secondly, hierarchical management and guidance system is established which may be in line with administrative management. Finally, by converting the results, action plan is drawn up that can be dynamically implemented. Based on the above idea and method, a practical exploration has been performed in the case of Xiangyang central city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20characteristics" title="city characteristics">city characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20urban%20design" title=" overall urban design"> overall urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20implementation" title=" planning implementation"> planning implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangyang%20central%20city" title=" Xiangyang central city"> Xiangyang central city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99680/on-figuring-the-city-characteristics-and-landscape-in-overall-urban-design-a-case-study-in-xiangyang-central-city-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4117</span> Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Lipid Metabolism and Increased Fat around the Muscle Durability by Reducing the Oxidation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Khodaei">Hamidreza Khodaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Daryabeigi%20Zand"> Ali Daryabeigi Zand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of isomers of linoleic acid. Despite the fact that 28 different isomers of CLA have already been identified, but the main isomer found in natural diets more than ninety percent CLA on intake of food constitutes demonstrates. CLA is known to be a substance that readily available by rumen microorganisms in some ruminants such as cattle and sheep would likely be made. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of CLA on lipid metabolism and enhanced fat around the muscle durability by reducing the process of oxidation. In order to implement this research, 80 female mice of the Balb/C, with 55 days of age were employed in the experiment. Treatments include various levels of CLA. Over the course of this study blood samples was also taken from the tail vein of the studied mice. Some other relevant parameters such as serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and liver enzymes were also determined. The oxidative stability of fats TBARS technique was investigated at different intervals. The findings of the research were analyzed by statistical software of SAS 98. The results, CLA had no significant effect on liver enzymes (P > 0.05). However, it showed a statistically significant impact on triglycerides and total cholesterol. Ratio of LDL to HDL declined remarkably. Histological studies demonstrated reduced accumulation of fat in the tissues surrounding muscles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugated%20linoleic%20acid" title="conjugated linoleic acid">conjugated linoleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20metabolism" title=" fat metabolism"> fat metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20retention" title=" fat retention"> fat retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20process" title=" oxidation process"> oxidation process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75414/effect-of-conjugated-linoleic-acid-on-lipid-metabolism-and-increased-fat-around-the-muscle-durability-by-reducing-the-oxidation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4116</span> Public Participation as a Social Inclusion Tool in the Urban Planning Process: A Case Study of Abuja, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nwachi%20Prosper%20Louis">Nwachi Prosper Louis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cynthia%20Ogonna%20Ikesee"> Cynthia Ogonna Ikesee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The urban planning system of cities varies by country, but in general, it is an instrument for establishing long-term sustainable frameworks and plans for social, institutional and economic development. There is limited knowledge, development, and implementation of effective and sustainable urban planning structures and plans that encourage social inclusion in most communities. This has led to social, economic and environmental deficiencies resulting in community isolation and segregation in class, ethnicity, and race. Encouraging public participation in the urban planning process is one of the instruments that cities can utilise to achieve better social inclusion outcomes. This paper explores how public participation can be used as a social inclusion tool in the urban planning process to achieve better outcomes in Abuja urban planning system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of this approach. Also, a conceptual model was developed which evaluates the relationship between public participation and social inclusion outcomes in the urban planning process. It was seen that every community has its peculiar way of life and challenges, and an understanding of these social societal needs is paramount in the urban planning process. Therefore, the involvement of the public in identifying their needs, selecting priorities and identifying strategies offer better chances for developing solutions that are sustainable, feasible and implementable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20participation" title="public participation">public participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20inclusion" title=" social inclusion"> social inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning%20process" title=" urban planning process"> urban planning process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101255/public-participation-as-a-social-inclusion-tool-in-the-urban-planning-process-a-case-study-of-abuja-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4115</span> Predicting the Areal Development of the City of Mashhad with the Automaton Fuzzy Cell Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehran%20Dizbadi">Mehran Dizbadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniyal%20Safarzadeh"> Daniyal Safarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrooz%20Arastoo"> Behrooz Arastoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansgar%20Brunn"> Ansgar Brunn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid and uncontrolled expansion of cities has led to unplanned aerial development. In this way, modeling and predicting the urban growth of a city helps decision-makers. In this study, the aspect of sustainable urban development has been studied for the city of Mashhad. In general, the prediction of urban aerial development is one of the most important topics of modern town management. In this research, using the Cellular Automaton (CA) model developed for geo data of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and presenting a simple and powerful model, a simulation of complex urban processes has been done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20modeling" title="urban modeling">urban modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20cellular%20automaton" title=" fuzzy cellular automaton"> fuzzy cellular automaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-information%20system" title=" geo-information system"> geo-information system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150916/predicting-the-areal-development-of-the-city-of-mashhad-with-the-automaton-fuzzy-cell-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4114</span> Application of RayMan Model in Quantifying the Impacts of the Built Environment and Surface Properties on Surrounding Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Karimi">Maryam Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouzbeh%20Nazari"> Rouzbeh Nazari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Understanding thermal distribution in the micro-urban climate has now been necessary for urban planners or designers due to the impact of complex micro-scale features of Urban Heat Island (UHI) on the built environment and public health. Hence, understanding the interrelation between urban components and thermal pattern can assist planners in the proper addition of vegetation to build-environment, which can minimize the UHI impact. To characterize the need for urban green infrastructure (UGI) through better urban planning, this study proposes the use of RayMan model to measure the impact of air quality and increased temperature based on urban morphology in the selected metropolitan cities. This project will measure the impact of build environment for urban and regional planning using human biometeorological evaluations (Tmrt). Methods: We utilized the RayMan model to estimate the Tmrt in an urban environment incorporating location and height of buildings and trees as a supplemental tool in urban planning and street design. The estimated Tmrt value will be compared with existing surface and air temperature data to find the actual temperature felt by pedestrians. Results: Our current results suggest a strong relationship between sky-view factor (SVF) and increased surface temperature in megacities based on current urban morphology. Conclusion: This study will help with Quantifying the impacts of the built environment and surface properties on surrounding temperature, identifying priority urban neighborhoods by analyzing Tmrt and air quality data at the pedestrian level, and characterizing the need for urban green infrastructure cooling potential. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20environment" title="built environment">built environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20cooling" title=" urban cooling"> urban cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20heat" title=" extreme heat"> extreme heat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112555/application-of-rayman-model-in-quantifying-the-impacts-of-the-built-environment-and-surface-properties-on-surrounding-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4113</span> Connecting the Vulnerable in South Africa Through Urban Form and the Creation of Urban Moral Clusters - A Conceptual Analysis of Orphanages, Old Age Homes and Animal Cruelty Centres</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clive%20Greenstone">Clive Greenstone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiara%20Lawrence"> Kiara Lawrence</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This conceptual paper explains certain influences of urban planning and urban form on the design layout of housing specific vulnerable members of society. It reimagines how to use vulnerable groups and spaces that are designed for them as interventions instead of using outside intervention within these vulnerable groups. Questions of what are needed to ensure that collective values, ethics and certain moral principles are taken into consideration when creating spaces for individuals and communities are challenging. This conceptual paper offers a more appropriate approach to both offer better urban settlements as well as help solve several challenges facing the most vulnerable groups in society, namely, the elderly, vulnerable children and vulnerable domestic animals into new housing settlements that create better social connections and physical and emotional well-being, labeled urban moral clusters. This conceptual paper offers two potential case studies where these new moral clusters can be implemented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title="vulnerability">vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusivity" title=" inclusivity"> inclusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20clusters" title=" moral clusters"> moral clusters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193116/connecting-the-vulnerable-in-south-africa-through-urban-form-and-the-creation-of-urban-moral-clusters-a-conceptual-analysis-of-orphanages-old-age-homes-and-animal-cruelty-centres" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4112</span> Adaptative Metabolism of Lactic Acid Bacteria during Brewers' Spent Grain Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Acin-Albiac">M. Acin-Albiac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Filannino"> P. Filannino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Coda"> R. Coda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlo%20G.%20Rizzello"> Carlo G. Rizzello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gobbetti"> M. Gobbetti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Di%20Cagno"> R. Di Cagno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Demand for smart management of large amounts of agro-food by-products has become an area of major environmental and economic importance worldwide. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), the most abundant by-product generated in the beer-brewing process, represents an example of valuable raw material and source of health-promoting compounds. To the date, the valorization of BSG as a food ingredient has been limited due to poor technological and sensory properties. Tailored bioprocessing through lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation is a versatile and sustainable means for the exploitation of food industry by-products. Indigestible carbohydrates (e.g., hemicelluloses and celluloses), high phenolic content, and mostly lignin make of BSG a hostile environment for microbial survival. Hence, the selection of tailored starters is required for successful fermentation. Our study investigated the metabolic strategies of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum strains to exploit BSG as a food ingredient. Two distinctive BSG samples from different breweries (Italian IT- and Finish FL-BSG) were microbially and chemically characterized. Growth kinetics, organic acid profiles, and the evolution of phenolic profiles during the fermentation in two BSG model media were determined. The results were further complemented with gene expression targeting genes involved in the degradation cellulose, hemicelluloses building blocks, and the metabolism of anti-nutritional factors. Overall, the results were LAB genus dependent showing distinctive metabolic capabilities. Leuc. pseudomesenteroides DSM 20193 may degrade BSG xylans while sucrose metabolism could be furtherly exploited for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production to enhance BSG pro-technological properties. Although L. plantarum strains may follow the same metabolic strategies during BSG fermentation, the mode of action to pursue such strategies was strain-dependent. L. plantarum PU1 showed a great preference for β-galactans compared to strain WCFS1, while the preference for arabinose occurred at different metabolic phases. Phenolic compounds profiling highlighted a novel metabolic route for lignin metabolism. These findings will allow an improvement of understanding of how lactic acid bacteria transform BSG into economically valuable food ingredients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brewery%20by-product%20valorization" title="brewery by-product valorization">brewery by-product valorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism%20of%20plant%20phenolics" title=" metabolism of plant phenolics"> metabolism of plant phenolics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism%20of%20lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title=" metabolism of lactic acid bacteria"> metabolism of lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression" title=" gene expression"> gene expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128663/adaptative-metabolism-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-during-brewers-spent-grain-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4111</span> Evaluation of Urban-Rural Integration of Characteristic Towns in Yunnan Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Yong">Huang Yong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Qianting"> Chen Qianting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Shurong"> Zhao Shurong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to identify the role and effect of Characteristic Towns as an important means to promote urban-rural integration, this paper uses Flow Theory and complex network analysis methods to jointly construct the identification path of urban-rural integration capabilities of Characteristic Towns. Take the National Characteristic Towns of Yunnan Province as the empirical objects to identify their role laws. The study found that in the implementation of the National Characteristic Town Project in Yunnan Province, (1) the population is more susceptible to the impact of the Characteristic Town Project than the technical elements, but the stability is poor; (2) The flow capacity of urban and rural technical elements is weak, and the quality of the enterprise cooperation network in general; (3) Compared with the batch of Characteristic Towns in 2016, its ability to promote urban-rural integration is higher in 2017; (4) The role of the Characteristic Town Project on urban-rural integration focuses on the improvement of the number of urban and rural flow elements. This paper analyzes the mode of the role of Characteristic Towns on urban-rural integration from the perspective of ‘flow,’ establishes a research paradigm for evaluating the role of Characteristic Towns in urban-rural integration capabilities, and builds a path for the application of Characteristic Towns to support the realization of urban-rural integration goals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristic%20town" title="characteristic town">characteristic town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban-rural%20integration" title=" urban-rural integration"> urban-rural integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20theory" title=" flow theory"> flow theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20network%20analysis" title=" complex network analysis"> complex network analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152072/evaluation-of-urban-rural-integration-of-characteristic-towns-in-yunnan-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4110</span> Urban Planning Compilation Problems in China and the Corresponding Optimization Ideas under the Vision of the Hyper-Cycle Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Dongchen">Hong Dongchen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Qiuxiao"> Chen Qiuxiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Shuang"> Wu Shuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Systematic science reveals the complex nonlinear mechanisms of behaviour in urban system. However, in China, when the current city planners face with the system, most of them are still taking simple linear thinking to consider the open complex giant system. This paper introduces the hyper-cycle theory, which is one of the basis theories of systematic science, based on the analysis of the reasons why the current urban planning failed, and proposals for optimization ideas that urban planning compilation should change, from controlling quantitative to the changes of relationship, from blueprint planning to progressive planning based on the nonlinear characteristics and from management control to dynamically monitor feedback. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20science" title="systematic science">systematic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-cycle%20theory" title=" hyper-cycle theory"> hyper-cycle theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20management" title=" urban management"> urban management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3717/urban-planning-compilation-problems-in-china-and-the-corresponding-optimization-ideas-under-the-vision-of-the-hyper-cycle-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4109</span> Strategies for Community Openness and Social Integration in Urban Villages in Chinese County Cities - Based on a Multi-Case Study in Chongqing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Guangchun">Ren Guangchun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The village in the city is surrounded by formal cities but retains distinct social and morphological characteristics of the countryside, and has the ability of self-growth. County is the basic unit of urban-rural integration development, and urban village is the key focus of integration. At present, the flow of urban and rural factors in Chongqing does not match the development needs of urban villages. Based on the multi-case study of Chongqing 's districts and counties, this paper studies the characteristics of its geospatial advantages, composite functions, open spatial structure, pluralistic social structure, and reciprocity. From the aspects of community governance, social relations and space construction, this paper analyzes the dilemma of lack of subjectivity and social atomization faced by the interaction between urban villages and cities, and explores the strategies of community opening and social integration in urban villages, so as to present diversified landscapes and value spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gated%20community" title="gated community">gated community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20community" title=" open community"> open community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20update" title=" city update"> city update</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20village" title=" Urban village"> Urban village</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185173/strategies-for-community-openness-and-social-integration-in-urban-villages-in-chinese-county-cities-based-on-a-multi-case-study-in-chongqing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4108</span> Assessment of Sustainable Sanitation Systems: Urban Slums</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hamza">Ali Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bertug%20Akintug"> Bertug Akintug</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Having an appropriate plan of sanitation systems is one of the critical issues for global urban slums. Poor sanitation systems in urban slums outcomes an enhanced vulnerability of severe diseases, low hygiene and environmental risks within our environment. Mentioning human excreta being one of the most highly risked pollutants among all the other major contributors of sanitation pollutants is increasing public health risks and amounts of pollution loads within the slum environment. Higher population growth, urge of urbanization and illegal status of urban slums makes it impossible to increase the level of performance of sanitation systems in urban slums. According to Sustainable Sanitation Alliance, design parameters for sanitation systems were set up to ensure sustainable environment. This paper reviews the characteristics of human excreta at present, treatment technologies, and procedures of processes that can be adopted feasibly in the urban slums. Keeping these factors as our significant concern of study, assessment of sustainable sanitation systems is done using sanitation chain concept in accordance to the pre-determined sustainability indicators and criteria which reflect the potential and feasible application of waterless sanitation systems bringing sustainable sanitation systems in urban slums. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20excreta" title="human excreta">human excreta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation%20chain" title=" sanitation chain"> sanitation chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20sanitation%20systems" title=" sustainable sanitation systems"> sustainable sanitation systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20slums" title=" urban slums"> urban slums</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48150/assessment-of-sustainable-sanitation-systems-urban-slums" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4107</span> The Role of Urban Design in Creating Cohesive and People’s Public Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazem%20Abuorf">Hazem Abuorf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the perspective of viewing urban design as the architecture of public spaces, the latter has many advantages; for example, in achieving attractive and vibrant public spaces, ensuring safety and amenity, supporting a strong sense of place and local character. Besides all advantages, such spaces nevertheless trigger numerous dilemmas, how to design urban spaces preserving the quality of life in the long term while equally achieving cohesion between new urban developments and the already existing urban structure without causing a split in history through the cause of functional and aesthetic degradation. Analysis of this article seeks to propose a methodology deemed essential for assessing and stimulating design criteria of the public spaces when rehabilitating urban sites. The method’s utility is shown by analyzing rehabilitation projects in Gaza Strip, whose design of the public spaces has mainly focused on the physical aspect ignoring the place’s local identity, users’ needs, and history. The proposed methodology serves as a guide for municipal authorities and technical teams to deal with interventions that would rework the role of urban design towards making sense of place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title="urban design">urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20realm" title=" public realm"> public realm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation%20projects" title=" rehabilitation projects"> rehabilitation projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106969/the-role-of-urban-design-in-creating-cohesive-and-peoples-public-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4106</span> Determination of the Phosphate Activated Glutaminase Localization in the Astrocyte Mitochondria Using Kinetic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Kazmiruk">N. V. Kazmiruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20R.%20Nartsissov"> Y. R. Nartsissov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phosphate activated glutaminase (GA, E.C. 3.5.1.2) plays a key role in glutamine/glutamate homeostasis in mammalian brain, catalyzing the hydrolytic deamidation of glutamine to glutamate and ammonium ions. GA is mainly localized in mitochondria, where it has the catalytically active form on the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and the other soluble form, which is supposed to be dormant. At present time, the exact localization of the membrane glutaminase active site remains a controversial and an unresolved issue. The first hypothesis called c-side localization suggests that the catalytic site of GA faces the inter-membrane space and products of the deamidation reaction have immediate access to cytosolic metabolism. According to the alternative m-side localization hypothesis, GA orients to the matrix, making glutamate and ammonium available for the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in mitochondria directly. In our study, we used a multi-compartment kinetic approach to simulate metabolism of glutamate and glutamine in the astrocytic cytosol and mitochondria. We used physiologically important ratio between the concentrations of glutamine inside the matrix of mitochondria [Glnₘᵢₜ] and glutamine in the cytosol [Glncyt] as a marker for precise functioning of the system. Since this ratio directly depends on the mitochondrial glutamine carrier (MGC) flow parameters, key observation was to investigate the dependence of the [Glnmit]/[Glncyt] ratio on the maximal velocity of MGC at different initial concentrations of mitochondrial glutamate. Another important task was to observe the similar dependence at different inhibition constants of the soluble GA. The simulation results confirmed the experimental c-side localization hypothesis, in which the glutaminase active site faces the outer surface of the IMM. Moreover, in the case of such localization of the enzyme, a 3-fold decrease in ammonium production was predicted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutamate%20metabolism" title="glutamate metabolism">glutamate metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutaminase" title=" glutaminase"> glutaminase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20approach" title=" kinetic approach"> kinetic approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitochondrial%20membrane" title=" mitochondrial membrane"> mitochondrial membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-compartment%20modeling" title=" multi-compartment modeling"> multi-compartment modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109742/determination-of-the-phosphate-activated-glutaminase-localization-in-the-astrocyte-mitochondria-using-kinetic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4105</span> The Design of Imaginable Urban Road Landscape</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhenzhen">Wang Zhenzhen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Xu"> Wang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Liangping"> Hong Liangping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of cities, the way that people commute has changed greatly, meanwhile, people turn to require more on physical and psychological aspects in the contemporary world. However, the current urban road landscape ignores these changes, for example, those road landscape elements are boring, confusing, fragmented and lack of integrity and hierarchy. Under such current situation, in order to shape beautiful, identifiable and unique road landscape, this article concentrates on the target of imaginability. This paper analyses the main elements of the urban road landscape, the concept of image and its generation mechanism, and then discusses the necessity and connotation of building imaginable urban road landscape as well as the main problems existing in current urban road landscape in terms of imaginability. Finally, this paper proposes how to design imaginable urban road landscape in details based on a specific case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identifiability" title="identifiability">identifiability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaginability" title=" imaginability"> imaginability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20landscape" title=" road landscape"> road landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20image%20of%20the%20city" title=" the image of the city"> the image of the city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7062/the-design-of-imaginable-urban-road-landscape" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4104</span> Analyzing of the Urban Landscape Configurations and Expansion of Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia Using Satellite Data and Landscape Metrics Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berhanu%20Keno%20Terfa">Berhanu Keno Terfa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To realize the consequences of urbanization, accurate, and up-to-date representation of the urban landscape patterns is critical for urban planners and policymakers. Thus, the study quantitatively characterized the spatiotemporal composition and configuration of the urban landscape and urban expansion process in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia, form the year 2006 to 2018. The integrated approaches of various sensors satellite data, Spot (2006) and Sentinel 2 (2018) combined with landscape metrics analysis was employed to explore the pattern, process, and overall growth status in the city. The result showed that the built-up area had increased by 62% between 2006 and 2018, at an average annual increment of 3.6%, while the other land covers were lost significantly due to urban expansion. The highest urban expansion has occurred in the northwest direction, whereas the most fragmented landscape pattern was recorded in the west direction. Overall, the analysis showed that Dire Dawa City experienced accelerated urban expansion with a fragmented and complicated spatiotemporal urban landscape patterns, suggesting a strong tendency towards sprawl over the past 12 years. The findings in the study could help planners and policy developers to insight the historical dynamics of the urban region for sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zonal%20metrics" title="zonal metrics">zonal metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-temporal" title=" multi-temporal"> multi-temporal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-resolution" title=" multi-resolution"> multi-resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20growth" title=" urban growth"> urban growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing%20data" title=" remote sensing data"> remote sensing data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102534/analyzing-of-the-urban-landscape-configurations-and-expansion-of-dire-dawa-city-ethiopia-using-satellite-data-and-landscape-metrics-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4103</span> Analyzing Land use change and its impacts on the Urban Environment in a Fast Growing Metropolitan City of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nasar-u-Minallah">Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagmar%20Haase"> Dagmar Haase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Qureshi"> Salman Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a rapidly growing developing country cities are becoming more urbanized leading to modifications in urban climate. Rapid urbanization, especially unplanned urban land expansion, together with climate change has a profound impact on the urban settlement and urban thermal environment. Cities, particularly Pakistan are facing remarkably environmental issues and uneven development, and thus it is important to strengthen the investigation of urban environmental pressure brought by land-use changes and urbanization. The present study investigated the long term modification of the urban environment by urbanization utilizing Spatio-temporal dynamics of land-use change, urban population data, urban heat islands, monthly maximum, and minimum temperature of thirty years, multi remote sensing imageries, and spectral indices such as Normalized Difference Built-up Index and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The results indicate rapid growth in an urban built-up area and a reduction in vegetation cover in the last three decades (1990-2020). A positive correlation between urban heat islands and Normalized Difference Built-up Index, whereas a negative correlation between urban heat islands and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index clearly shows how urbanization is affecting the local environment. The increase in air and land surface temperature temperatures is dangerous to human comfort. Practical approaches, such as increasing the urban green spaces and proper planning of the cities, have been suggested to help prevent further modification of the urban thermal environment by urbanization. The findings of this work are thus important for multi-sectorial use in the cities of Pakistan. By taking into consideration these results, the urban planners, decision-makers, and local government can make different policies to mitigate the urban land use impacts on the urban thermal environment in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title="land use">land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20climate" title=" local climate"> local climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahore" title=" Lahore"> Lahore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148915/analyzing-land-use-change-and-its-impacts-on-the-urban-environment-in-a-fast-growing-metropolitan-city-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4102</span> Optimising Urban Climate at Mesoscale: The Case of Floor-Area-Ratio Modelling and Energy Planning Integration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Cheshmehzangi">Ali Cheshmehzangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayotunde%20Dawodu"> Ayotunde Dawodu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In urban planning, Floor Area Ratio (FAR) of the site plays a major role in the multiplicity of performances, from humane living environments to energy performance. When one considers the astounding volume of new housing that is going to be constructed across the globe during the next few decades due to growing urbanisation (e.g. particularly in developing world), it is imperative that we have an empirically grounded grasp of which building configurations are more energy efficient. As a common planning metric, it would be helpful to know exactly how managing FAR connects with energy efficiency. Hence, this study puts together a set of modelling of various FARs for a typical residential compound and address the considerations of energy planning integration in the practice of building configuration and urban planning. Such decision makings at the planning and design stage enable us to provide pathways of optimising urban climate at mesoscale of the built environment, i.e. the neighbourhood or community level. In this study, a comparative study is conducted using Eco-Tect Software, using a case study in the City of Ningbo, China. Findings of the study contribute to identifying scenarios of various FAR use and energy planning at mesoscale. The final results contribute to studies in urban climate, from the perspectives of urban planning, energy planning, and urban modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20planning" title=" energy planning"> energy planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FAR" title=" FAR"> FAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floor-area-ratio" title=" floor-area-ratio"> floor-area-ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoscale" title=" mesoscale"> mesoscale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20climate" title=" urban climate"> urban climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20modelling" title=" urban modelling"> urban modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107433/optimising-urban-climate-at-mesoscale-the-case-of-floor-area-ratio-modelling-and-energy-planning-integration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20metabolism&page=4" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20metabolism&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20metabolism&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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