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acclaim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001–2011:_Harry_Potter_and_acclaim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012–2016:_Final_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012–2016:_Final_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 2012–2016: Final roles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012–2016:_Final_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_and_public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_and_public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Reception and public image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception_and_public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Illness and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acting_credits_and_accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acting_credits_and_accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Acting credits and accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acting_credits_and_accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Alan Rickman</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" > 83 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ألان ريكمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألان ريكمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ալան Ռիքման – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ալան Ռիքման" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rikman" title="Alan Rikman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alan Rikman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86" title="آلن ریکمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلن ریکمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="অ্যালান রিকম্যান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালান রিকম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алан Рыкман – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алан Рыкман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алън Рикман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алън Рикман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Άλαν Ρίκμαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλαν Ρίκμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86" title="آلن ریکمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلن ریکمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%EB%A6%AD%EB%A8%BC" title="앨런 릭먼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앨런 릭먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ալան Ռիքման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալան Ռիքման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="אלן ריקמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלן ריקמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალან რიკმანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალან რიკმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%90%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86" title="ایلن رِکمن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ایلن رِکمن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алан Рикман – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алан Рикман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алан Рикман – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алан Рикман" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanus_Rickman" title="Alanus Rickman – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alanus Rickman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elans_Rikmens" title="Elans Rikmens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elans Rikmens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алан Рикман – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алан Рикман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB" title="അലൻ റിക്മൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലൻ റിക്മൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="ॲलन रिकमन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲलन रिकमन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალან რიკმანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალან რიკმანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الان ريكمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الان ريكمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="アラン・リックマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・リックマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਐਲਨ ਰਿਕਮੈਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲਨ ਰਿਕਮੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рикман, Алан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рикман, Алан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алан Рикман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алан Рикман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அலன் ரிக்மான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலன் ரிக்மான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алан Рикман – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алан Рикман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99" title="แอลัน ริกแมน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอลัน ริกแมน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алан Рікман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алан Рікман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایلن رک مین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایلن رک مین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" title="阿兰·里克曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿兰·里克曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E7%83%88%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%87" title="阿倫·烈卡文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿倫·烈卡文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" title="艾倫·瑞克曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾倫·瑞克曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Alan Rickman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106481#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English actor (1946–2016)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Alan_Richman" title="Alan Richman">Alan Richman</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alan Rickman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%283%29.jpg/220px-Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%283%29.jpg/330px-Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%283%29.jpg/440px-Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Rickman in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1946-02-21)21 February 1946 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Acton,_London" title="Acton, London">Acton, London</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 January 2016(2016-01-14) (aged 69) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actor</li><li>director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1974–2016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rickman_on_screen_and_stage" title="Alan Rickman on screen and stage">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rima_Horton" title="Rima Horton">Rima Horton</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2012)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Alan_Rickman" title="List of awards and nominations received by Alan Rickman">Full list</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (21 February 1946 – 14 January 2016) was an English actor and director. Known for his distinctive deep, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/languid#Etymology_1" class="extiw" title="wikt:languid">languid</a> voice, he trained at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a> in London and became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a>, performing in modern and classical theatre productions. He played the Vicomte de Valmont in the RSC stage production of <a href="/wiki/Les_Liaisons_Dangereuses_(play)" title="Les Liaisons Dangereuses (play)">Les Liaisons Dangereuses</a> in 1985, and after the production transferred to the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> in 1986 and <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in 1987, he was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play">Tony Award</a>. Rickman made his film debut as the German criminal mastermind <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gruber" title="Hans Gruber">Hans Gruber</a> in <a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a> (1988). He won the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role</a> for his role as the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Nottingham" title="Sheriff of Nottingham">Sheriff of Nottingham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood:_Prince_of_Thieves" title="Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves">Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves</a> (1991). He earned critical acclaim for <a href="/wiki/Truly,_Madly,_Deeply_(film)" title="Truly, Madly, Deeply (film)">Truly, Madly, Deeply</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/An_Awfully_Big_Adventure" title="An Awfully Big Adventure">An Awfully Big Adventure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a> (both 1995), and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(film)" title="Michael Collins (film)">Michael Collins</a> (1996). He went on to play <a href="/wiki/Severus_Snape" title="Severus Snape">Severus Snape</a> in all eight films of the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)">Harry Potter</a> series, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</a> (2001) and concluding with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a> (2011). His other notable film roles include those in <a href="/wiki/Quigley_Down_Under" title="Quigley Down Under">Quigley Down Under</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Dogma_(film)" title="Dogma (film)">Dogma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a> (both 1999), <a href="/wiki/Love_Actually" title="Love Actually">Love Actually</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(film)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a> (2010), <a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(2016_film)" title="Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)">its 2016 sequel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eye_in_the_Sky_(2015_film)" title="Eye in the Sky (2015 film)">Eye in the Sky</a> (2015). He directed the films <a href="/wiki/The_Winter_Guest" title="The Winter Guest">The Winter Guest</a> (1997) and <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Chaos" title="A Little Chaos">A Little Chaos</a> (2014). Rickman made his television debut playing <a href="/wiki/Tybalt" title="Tybalt">Tybalt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a> (1978) as part of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">Shakespeare series</a>. His breakthrough role was Obadiah Slope in the BBC adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Barchester_Chronicles" title="The Barchester Chronicles">The Barchester Chronicles</a> (1982). He later starred in television films, portraying <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin" title="Grigori Rasputin">Grigori Rasputin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> film <a href="/wiki/Rasputin:_Dark_Servant_of_Destiny" title="Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny">Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny</a> (1996), which won him a <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Actors Guild Award">Screen Actors Guild Award</a> and played <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Blalock" title="Alfred Blalock">Alfred Blalock</a> in the HBO film <a href="/wiki/Something_the_Lord_Made" title="Something the Lord Made">Something the Lord Made</a> (2004). In 2009, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> named him one of the best actors never to have received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nomination.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Rickman died of <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a> on 14 January 2016, at the age of 69.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-pancreatic_cancer-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Alan Rickman was born on 21 February 1946 in the <a href="/wiki/Acton,_London" title="Acton, London">Acton</a> district of London,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biography-6">[6]</a> to housewife Margaret Doreen Rose (née Bartlett)<a href="#cite_note-Biography-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ref1-10">[10]</a> and factory worker, house painter and decorator, and former <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aircraft fitter</a> Bernard William Rickman.<a href="#cite_note-Biography-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-ref1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> His mother was Welsh, and his paternal grandmother was Irish. Rickman would later say in April 2015, "I was talking to <a href="/wiki/Sharleen_Spiteri" title="Sharleen Spiteri">Sharleen Spiteri</a> about being a <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Celt</a>, how you smell each other out, because my mother's family is Welsh. There's not a lot of English blood in me."<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> His father was <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> and his mother was a <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ref2-15">[15]</a> He had two brothers named David and Michael and a sister named Sheila.<a href="#cite_note-Biography-6">[6]</a> Rickman was born with a tight jaw, contributing to the deep tone of voice and languid delivery for which he would become famous.<a href="#cite_note-Beguiling-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> He said that a vocal coach told him he had a "spastic soft palate".<a href="#cite_note-Borkman-18">[18]</a> When Rickman was eight years old his father died of cancer, leaving his mother to raise him and his three siblings mostly alone. According to biographer Maureen Paton, the family was "rehoused by the council and moved to an Acton estate to the west of <a href="/wiki/Wormwood_Scrubs_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Wormwood Scrubs Prison">Wormwood Scrubs Prison</a>, where his mother struggled to bring up four children on her own by working for the <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">Post Office</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Biography-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Margaret Rickman married again in 1960, but divorced Rickman's stepfather after three years.<a href="#cite_note-Biography-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-ref2-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RADA_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RADA_sign.jpg/220px-RADA_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RADA_sign.jpg/330px-RADA_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RADA_sign.jpg/440px-RADA_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Rickman studied at <a href="/wiki/RADA" class="mw-redirect" title="RADA">RADA</a> (the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art) in London from 1972 to 1974. He was elected to the RADA council in 1993 where he was also vice-chairman, a role in which he served until his death in 2016.</figcaption></figure> Rickman met his longtime partner <a href="/wiki/Rima_Horton" title="Rima Horton">Rima Horton</a> at the age of 19;<a href="#cite_note-Horton-21">[21]</a> he stated that his first crush was at 10 years old on a girl named Amanda at his school's sports day.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> As a child, he excelled at <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Watercolour" class="mw-redirect" title="Watercolour">watercolour</a> painting. Rickman was educated at West Acton First School<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> followed by Derwentwater Primary School in Acton, and then <a href="/wiki/Latymer_Upper_School" title="Latymer Upper School">Latymer Upper School</a> in London through the <a href="/wiki/Direct_grant_grammar_school" title="Direct grant grammar school">Direct Grant system</a>, where he became involved in drama. Rickman went on to attend <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_College_of_Art_and_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea College of Art and Design">Chelsea College of Art and Design</a> from 1965 to 1968.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> He then attended the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a> from 1968 to 1970.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> His training allowed him to work as a graphic designer for the Royal College of Art's in-house magazine, ARK, and the Notting Hill Herald, which he considered a more stable occupation than acting; he later said that drama school "wasn't considered the sensible thing to do at 18".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Following graduation, Rickman and several friends opened a graphic design studio called Graphiti, but after three years of successful business, he decided that he was going to pursue acting professionally. He wrote to request an audition with <a href="/wiki/RADA" class="mw-redirect" title="RADA">RADA</a> (the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art),<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> which he attended from 1972 until 1974.<a href="#cite_note-RADA14Jan2016-30">[30]</a> While there, he supported himself by working as a <a href="/wiki/Dresser_(theatre)" title="Dresser (theatre)">dresser</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980–1988:_Theatre_roles_and_film_debut">1980–1988: Theatre roles and film debut</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1980–1988: Theatre roles and film debut">edit</a>]</div> After graduating from RADA, Rickman worked extensively with British repertory and experimental theatre groups in productions including <a href="/wiki/Chekhov" class="mw-redirect" title="Chekhov">Chekhov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Seagull" title="The Seagull">The Seagull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snoo_Wilson" title="Snoo Wilson">Snoo Wilson</a>'s The Grass Widow at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre</a>, and appeared three times at the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Festival">Edinburgh International Festival</a>. He performed with the Court Drama Group in 1978, gaining roles in <a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_View_from_the_Bridge" title="A View from the Bridge">A View from the Bridge</a>, among other plays. While working with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a> (RSC), he was cast as Jaques in <a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a>, contributing an essay about his process to the RSC's book Players of Shakespeare 2.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> He appeared in the 1981 BBC adaptation of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Raquin" title="Thérèse Raquin">Thérèse Raquin</a>, opposite <a href="/wiki/Kate_Nelligan" title="Kate Nelligan">Kate Nelligan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cox_(actor)" title="Brian Cox (actor)"> Brian Cox</a>. He made a brief appearance in one episode of the BBC adaptation of <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Smiley%27s_People" title="Smiley's People">Smiley's People</a> (1982). His breakthrough role was in <a href="/wiki/The_Barchester_Chronicles" title="The Barchester Chronicles">The Barchester Chronicles</a> (1982), the BBC's adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trollope" title="Anthony Trollope">Trollope</a>'s first two Barchester novels, as the Reverend Obadiah Slope.<a href="#cite_note-Beguiling-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-RTE14Jan2016-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian14Jan2016-34">[34]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> It shouldn't be a surprise that Alan Rickman is the only actor to make it onto this Greatest Villains list twice—he does bad deeds with such gusto. Legend has it he kept refusing the role of the Sheriff of Nottingham until it was agreed he could do whatever he liked with it—which, to Kevin Costner's rumoured chagrin, included stealing the whole damn show. Every sneer, every eye-roll, every flourish of splenetic exasperation is a joy to behold. Whether he's cancelling Christmas or cutting your heart out with a spoon, Rickman's crowd-pleasing pantomime villainy is downright heroic. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a> on Rickman, ranking his portrayals of the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Nottingham" title="Sheriff of Nottingham">Sheriff of Nottingham</a> (number 14) and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gruber_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Gruber (character)">Hans Gruber</a> (number 4) on their list of the greatest villains.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></cite></div> </div> Rickman was given the male lead, the Vicomte de Valmont, in the 1985 Royal Shakespeare Company production of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hampton" title="Christopher Hampton">Christopher Hampton</a>'s adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Les_liaisons_dangereuses_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les liaisons dangereuses (play)">Les Liaisons Dangereuses</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Davies_(director)" title="Howard Davies (director)">Howard Davies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> After the RSC production transferred to the West End in 1986 and Broadway in 1987, Rickman received both a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> nomination and a <a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award" title="Drama Desk Award">Drama Desk Award</a> nomination for his performance.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In 1988, Rickman played the antagonist <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gruber_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Gruber (character)">Hans Gruber</a> in the action thriller <a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a> in what was his first feature film. His portrayal, starring opposite <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Willis" title="Bruce Willis">Bruce Willis</a>, earned him critical acclaim and a spot on the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_%26_Villains" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains">AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains</a> list as the 46th-best villain in film history.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Rickman later revealed that he almost did not take the role, for he did not think Die Hard was the kind of film he wanted to make.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–2000:_Career_breakthrough">1990–2000: Career breakthrough</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1990–2000: Career breakthrough">edit</a>]</div> In 1990, he played the Australian Elliott Marston opposite <a href="/wiki/Tom_Selleck" title="Tom Selleck">Tom Selleck</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quigley_Down_Under" title="Quigley Down Under">Quigley Down Under</a> (1990). The following year, Rickman was cast as the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Nottingham" title="Sheriff of Nottingham">Sheriff of Nottingham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Reynolds_(director)" title="Kevin Reynolds (director)">Kevin Reynolds</a>'s film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood:_Prince_of_Thieves" title="Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves">Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves</a> (1991). In the film, Rickman acted opposite <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> proclaimed that while Robin Hood "left critics and movie goers underwhelmed, Rickman's gleefully wicked villain became the summer's most talked-about performance".<a href="#cite_note-mcferran-40">[40]</a> For his performance he received the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role</a>. Upon winning the award Rickman stated, "This will be a healthy reminder to me that subtlety isn't everything".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Despite gaining acclaim within the media for his ability to portray villainous roles in films<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcferran-40">[40]</a> Rickman took issue with being <a href="/wiki/Typecasting_(acting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typecasting (acting)">typecast</a> as a villain. During this decade he would portray a range of characters that would defy media perceptions.<a href="#cite_note-ObitSMH-43">[43]</a> Rickman soon started to play leading roles such as Man, in the enigmatic film <a href="/wiki/Closet_Land" title="Closet Land">Closet Land</a> (1991) alongside <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Stowe" title="Madeleine Stowe">Madeleine Stowe</a>; and he also was the romantic role of Jamie in the independent romance film <a href="/wiki/Truly,_Madly,_Deeply_(film)" title="Truly, Madly, Deeply (film)">Truly, Madly, Deeply</a> (1991) which earned him another <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award</a> nomination.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The film, directed by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> and starring Rickman and <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Stevenson" title="Juliet Stevenson">Juliet Stevenson</a>, proved to be a critical success. Rickman was able to break out of the mould of the movie villain, with critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> noting, "The man is Rickman, who you will look at on the screen, and know you have seen somewhere, and rattle your memory all during the movie without making the connection that he was the villain in Die Hard."<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Rickman also starred in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Poliakoff" title="Stephen Poliakoff">Stephen Poliakoff</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Close_My_Eyes_(film)" title="Close My Eyes (film)">Close My Eyes</a> (1991) with <a href="/wiki/Clive_Owen" title="Clive Owen">Clive Owen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskia_Reeves" title="Saskia Reeves">Saskia Reeves</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rosenbaum" title="Jonathan Rosenbaum">Jonathan Rosenbaum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">The Chicago Reader</a> praised the film and all three lead performances, calling them "edgy, powerful, and wholly convincing, with Rickman a particular standout."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> All three of Rickman's performances in Close My Eyes, Truly Madly Deeply and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves would win him the <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_British_Film_Awards" title="Evening Standard British Film Awards">Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor</a>, and the same performances along with his work in Quigley Down Under would also win him the <a href="/wiki/London_Film_Critics%27_Circle_Award_for_Actor_of_the_Year" title="London Film Critics' Circle Award for Actor of the Year">London Film Critics' Circle Award for Actor of the Year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In 1995, he was cast as <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Brandon" title="Colonel Brandon">Colonel Brandon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a>'s film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility" title="Sense and Sensibility">novel</a>. The film also starred <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a>. Thompson noted that Rickman could express the "extraordinary sweetness [of] his nature," as he had played "Machiavellian types so effectively" in other films.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> For his performance, Rickman earned his third <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role</a> nomination and his first <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Actors Guild Award">Screen Actors Guild Award</a> nomination. The following year he portrayed <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Neil_Jordan" title="Neil Jordan">Neil Jordan</a> period drama, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(film)" title="Michael Collins (film)">Michael Collins</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rea" title="Stephen Rea">Stephen Rea</a>. Rickman earned his fourth <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award</a> nomination. In 1996, Rickman starred as the "mad monk" <a href="/wiki/Rasputin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasputin">Rasputin</a> in the HBO television biopic <a href="/wiki/Rasputin:_Dark_Servant_of_Destiny" title="Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny">Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny</a>, a role for which he won a <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie">Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_Television_Movie" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie">Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Miniseries_or_Television_Film" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film">Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Rickman directed <a href="/wiki/The_Winter_Guest" title="The Winter Guest">The Winter Guest</a> at London's <a href="/wiki/Almeida_Theatre" title="Almeida Theatre">Almeida Theatre</a> in 1995 and the film version of the same play, released in 1997, starring Emma Thompson and her real-life mother <a href="/wiki/Phyllida_Law" title="Phyllida Law">Phyllida Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Rickman's stage performances in the 1990s include <a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a> in 1998 as <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> as <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a>'s production at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre#Olivier_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Olivier Theatre</a> in London, which ran from October to December 1998. Rickman appeared in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Wood_with_All_the_Trimmings" title="Victoria Wood with All the Trimmings">Victoria Wood with All the Trimmings</a> (2000), a <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> Christmas special with <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Wood" title="Victoria Wood">Victoria Wood</a>, playing an aged colonel in the battle of Waterloo who is forced to break off his engagement to <a href="/wiki/Honeysuckle_Weeks" title="Honeysuckle Weeks">Honeysuckle Weeks</a>' character.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> During his career, Rickman played comedic roles, including as Sir Alexander Dane/Dr. Lazarus in the cult classic sci-fi parody <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a> (1999) with <a href="/wiki/Tim_Allen" title="Tim Allen">Tim Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver" title="Sigourney Weaver">Sigourney Weaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rockwell" title="Sam Rockwell">Sam Rockwell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Shalhoub" title="Tony Shalhoub">Tony Shalhoub</a>. Rockwell said that Rickman "was very instrumental in making sure the script hit the dramatic notes, and everything had a strong logic and reason behind it".<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> He also played the angel <a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a>, the voice of God, in <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Smith" title="Kevin Smith">Kevin Smith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dogma_(film)" title="Dogma (film)">Dogma</a> (also 1999).<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001–2011:_Harry_Potter_and_acclaim">2001–2011: Harry Potter and acclaim</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2001–2011: Harry Potter and acclaim">edit</a>]</div> In 2001, he first appeared as <a href="/wiki/Severus_Snape" title="Severus Snape">Severus Snape</a>, the potions master, in <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</a>. His portrayal of the role throughout the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)">Harry Potter</a> series (2001–2011) was dark, but the character's motivations were not clear early on.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 2002, Rickman performed onstage in <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">romantic comedy</a> <a href="/wiki/Private_Lives" title="Private Lives">Private Lives</a>. After its successful run at the <a href="/wiki/Albery_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Albery Theatre">Albery Theatre</a> in the West End, it transferred to Broadway and ended in September 2002; he reunited with his Les Liaisons Dangereuses co-star <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Duncan" title="Lindsay Duncan">Lindsay Duncan</a> and director <a href="/wiki/Howard_Davies_(director)" title="Howard Davies (director)">Howard Davies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Olivier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>-winning production.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Rickman also voiced the character of "King Philip" in the 2002 <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hill" title="King of the Hill">King of the Hill</a> episode, "Joust Like a Woman".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 2003, Rickman starred in the ensemble Christmas-themed romantic comedy <a href="/wiki/Love_Actually" title="Love Actually">Love Actually</a> (2003) as Harry, the foolish husband of <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a>'s character. The film, written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a>, has been called "a modern classic" by <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Rickman was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a> for his work as Dr. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Blalock" title="Alfred Blalock">Alfred Blalock</a> in <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Something_the_Lord_Made" title="Something the Lord Made">Something the Lord Made</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 2005, he lent his voice to <a href="/wiki/Marvin_the_Paranoid_Android" title="Marvin the Paranoid Android">Marvin the Paranoid Android</a> in science fiction comedy <a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(film)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a> (2005) starring <a href="/wiki/Martin_Freeman" title="Martin Freeman">Martin Freeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rockwell" title="Sam Rockwell">Sam Rockwell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zooey_Deschanel" title="Zooey Deschanel">Zooey Deschanel</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MyNameIsRachelCorriePlayhouseTheatre20060329.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/MyNameIsRachelCorriePlayhouseTheatre20060329.jpg/220px-MyNameIsRachelCorriePlayhouseTheatre20060329.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/MyNameIsRachelCorriePlayhouseTheatre20060329.jpg/330px-MyNameIsRachelCorriePlayhouseTheatre20060329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/MyNameIsRachelCorriePlayhouseTheatre20060329.jpg/440px-MyNameIsRachelCorriePlayhouseTheatre20060329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption>My Name Is Rachel Corrie—a play co-written and directed by Rickman—playing at the <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_Theatre" title="Playhouse Theatre">Playhouse Theatre</a>, London, March 2006</figcaption></figure> In early 2005, <a href="/wiki/My_Name_is_Rachel_Corrie" class="mw-redirect" title="My Name is Rachel Corrie">My Name is Rachel Corrie</a>, a play composed from <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Corrie" title="Rachel Corrie">Rachel Corrie</a>'s journals and emails from Gaza and compiled by Rickman and journalist <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Viner" title="Katharine Viner">Katharine Viner</a>, in a production directed by Rickman, premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre</a> in London and was later revived in October 2005. The West End production saw Rickman win the <a href="/wiki/Theatregoers%27_Choice_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatregoers' Choice Awards">Theatregoers' Choice Awards</a> for Best Director.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The play was to be transferred to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Theatre_Workshop" title="New York Theatre Workshop">New York Theatre Workshop</a> the following year, but when it was postponed indefinitely over the possibility of boycotts and protests from those who saw it as "anti-Israeli <a href="/wiki/Agitprop" title="Agitprop">agit-prop</a>", the British producers denounced the decision as censorship, and withdrew the show. Rickman called it "censorship born out of fear". <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> among others, criticised the decision to indefinitely delay the show.<a href="#cite_note-WPost-60">[60]</a> The one-woman play finally opened <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a> on 15 October 2006 for an initial run of 48 performances.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Despite the adverse reaction from pro-Israel groups, overall, the play was very popular, especially in London. "I never imagined that the play would create such acute controversy," Rickman said. He added, "Many Jews supported it. The New York producer was Jewish and we held a discussion after every performance. Both Israelis and Palestinians participated in the discussions and there was no shouting in the theatre. People simply listened to each other."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Norton-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Rickman_by_David_Shankbone_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Alan_Rickman_by_David_Shankbone_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Alan_Rickman_by_David_Shankbone_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Alan_Rickman_by_David_Shankbone_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Alan_Rickman_by_David_Shankbone_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Alan_Rickman_by_David_Shankbone_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Alan_Rickman_by_David_Shankbone_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Rickman at the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribeca Film Festival">Tribeca Film Festival</a></figcaption></figure> He starred in the independent film <a href="/wiki/Snow_Cake" title="Snow Cake">Snow Cake</a> (2006) with <a href="/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver" title="Sigourney Weaver">Sigourney Weaver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrie-Anne_Moss" title="Carrie-Anne Moss">Carrie-Anne Moss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perfume:_The_Story_of_a_Murderer_(film)" title="Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)">Perfume: The Story of a Murderer</a> (also 2006), directed by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Tykwer" title="Tom Tykwer">Tom Tykwer</a>. He appeared as <a href="/wiki/Judge_Turpin" title="Judge Turpin">Judge Turpin</a> in the critically acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> film <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (2007) alongside <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a>, and his Harry Potter co-stars <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Spall" title="Timothy Spall">Timothy Spall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The same year he also played the egotistical, Nobel Prize-winning father in the black comedy <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Son" title="Nobel Son">Nobel Son</a> (2007).<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Rickman starred in the 2008 movie Bottle Shock as a Paris-based wine expert named Steven Spurrier, who heads to Napa Valley California in search of worthy wines to bring back to France for the competition that year (based on a true story). In 2009, Rickman was awarded the <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce_Award" title="James Joyce Award">James Joyce Award</a> by <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Literary_and_Historical_Society_(University_College_Dublin)" title="Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)">Literary and Historical Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RTE14Jan2016-33">[33]</a> In October and November 2010, Rickman starred in the eponymous role in <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/John_Gabriel_Borkman" title="John Gabriel Borkman">John Gabriel Borkman</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Theatre" title="Abbey Theatre">Abbey Theatre</a>, Dublin alongside <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Duncan" title="Lindsay Duncan">Lindsay Duncan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Shaw" title="Fiona Shaw">Fiona Shaw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a> called Rickman's performance breathtaking.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> He reprised the role in a production at the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%281%29.jpg/170px-Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%281%29.jpg/255px-Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%281%29.jpg/340px-Alan_Rickman_after_Seminar_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Rickman at the <a href="/wiki/John_Golden_Theatre" title="John Golden Theatre">John Golden Theatre</a> in 2011</figcaption></figure> In 2010, he starred in the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> television production <a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Lunch" title="The Song of Lunch">The Song of Lunch</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a>. That same year he provided the voice of <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Absolem the Caterpillar</a> in Tim Burton's film <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a> (2010).<a href="#cite_note-GuardianObit-69">[69]</a> Rickman again appeared as <a href="/wiki/Severus_Snape" title="Severus Snape">Severus Snape</a> in the final instalment in the Harry Potter series, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a> (2011). Throughout the series, his portrayal of Snape garnered widespread critical acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turan" title="Kenneth Turan">Kenneth Turan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> said Rickman "as always, makes the most lasting impression",<a href="#cite_note-DH2-LATimes-71">[71]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Peter_Travers" title="Peter Travers">Peter Travers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> magazine called Rickman "sublime at giving us a glimpse at last into the secret nurturing heart that ... Snape masks with a sneer."<a href="#cite_note-DH2-RS-72">[72]</a> Media coverage characterised Rickman's performance as worthy of nomination for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oscar-73">[73]</a> His last appearance as Snape saw him receive award nominations in 2011, including at the <a href="/wiki/38th_Saturn_Awards" title="38th Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2011_Scream_Awards" title="2011 Scream Awards">Scream Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In November 2011, Rickman opened in <a href="/wiki/Seminar_(play)" title="Seminar (play)">Seminar</a>, a new play by <a href="/wiki/Theresa_Rebeck" title="Theresa Rebeck">Theresa Rebeck</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/John_Golden_Theatre" title="John Golden Theatre">John Golden Theatre</a> on Broadway.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Rickman, who left the production in April, won the Broadway.com Audience Choice Award for Favorite Actor in a Play<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> and was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Drama_League_Award" title="Drama League Award">Drama League Award</a> for Outstanding Distinguished Performance.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–2016:_Final_roles">2012–2016: Final roles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2012–2016: Final roles">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kate_Winslet,_Alan_Rickman_2014_TIFF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kate_Winslet%2C_Alan_Rickman_2014_TIFF.png/220px-Kate_Winslet%2C_Alan_Rickman_2014_TIFF.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kate_Winslet%2C_Alan_Rickman_2014_TIFF.png/330px-Kate_Winslet%2C_Alan_Rickman_2014_TIFF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kate_Winslet%2C_Alan_Rickman_2014_TIFF.png/440px-Kate_Winslet%2C_Alan_Rickman_2014_TIFF.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Rickman and <a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a> at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival</figcaption></figure> Rickman starred with <a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Diaz" title="Cameron Diaz">Cameron Diaz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gambit_(2012_film)" title="Gambit (2012 film)">Gambit</a> (2012) by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hoffman_(director)" title="Michael Hoffman (director)">Michael Hoffman</a>, a remake of the <a href="/wiki/Gambit_(1966_film)" title="Gambit (1966 film)">1966 film</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 2013, he played <a href="/wiki/Hilly_Kristal" title="Hilly Kristal">Hilly Kristal</a>, the founder of the East Village punk-rock club <a href="/wiki/CBGB" title="CBGB">CBGB</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/CBGB_(film)" title="CBGB (film)">CBGB film</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Grint" title="Rupert Grint">Rupert Grint</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 2014, he directed and starred as <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a> in the costume drama film <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Chaos" title="A Little Chaos">A Little Chaos</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Schoenaerts" title="Matthias Schoenaerts">Matthias Schoenaerts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Ehle" title="Jennifer Ehle">Jennifer Ehle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Tucci" title="Stanley Tucci">Stanley Tucci</a>. The film premiered at the <a href="/wiki/2014_Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="2014 Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a>. The film received mixed reviews with its critics' consensus reading, "Stylish and well-acted without ever living up to its dramatic potential, A Little Chaos is shouldered by the impressive efforts of a talented cast."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The following year he starred in <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Hood" title="Gavin Hood">Gavin Hood</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eye_in_the_Sky_(2015_film)" title="Eye in the Sky (2015 film)">Eye in the Sky</a> (2015) starring <a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Paul" title="Aaron Paul">Aaron Paul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barkhad_Abdi" title="Barkhad Abdi">Barkhad Abdi</a>. This would be Rickman's final onscreen performance. The film debuted at the <a href="/wiki/2015_Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="2015 Toronto International Film Festival">2015 Toronto International Film Festival</a> to great acclaim, receiving a <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> score of 95%, based on 175 critics, with the consensus being, "As taut as it is timely, Eye in the Sky offers a powerfully acted – and unusually cerebral – spin on the modern wartime political thriller."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Critic Stephen Holden of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> in particular praised his role, writing: "General Benson is Mr. Rickman's final screen performance, and it is a great one, suffused with a dyspeptic world-weary understanding of war and human nature".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_public_image">Reception and public image</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception and public image">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Rickman_BAM_2011-01-11_n1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Alan_Rickman_BAM_2011-01-11_n1.jpg/220px-Alan_Rickman_BAM_2011-01-11_n1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Alan_Rickman_BAM_2011-01-11_n1.jpg/330px-Alan_Rickman_BAM_2011-01-11_n1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Alan_Rickman_BAM_2011-01-11_n1.jpg/440px-Alan_Rickman_BAM_2011-01-11_n1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption>Rickman posing for a fan after a performance of <a href="/wiki/John_Gabriel_Borkman" title="John Gabriel Borkman">John Gabriel Borkman</a> in 2011</figcaption></figure> Rickman was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a> as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (No. 34) in 1995, and ranked No. 59 in Empire's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list in October 1997. In 2009 and 2010, he was ranked once again as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars by Empire, both times placing No. 8 out of the 50 actors chosen. He was elected to the council of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a> (RADA) in 1993; he was subsequently RADA's vice-chairman and a member of its artistic advisory and training committees and development board.<a href="#cite_note-RADA14Jan2016-30">[30]</a> Rickman was voted No. 19 in Empire magazine's Greatest Living Movie Stars over the age of 50 and was twice nominated for Broadway's Tony Award as Best Actor (Play); in 1987 for Les Liaisons Dangereuses and in 2002 for a revival of <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>'s Private Lives. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> named Rickman as an "honourable mention" in a list of the best actors never to have received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nomination.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Two researchers, a linguist and a sound engineer, found "the perfect [male] voice" to be a combination of Rickman's and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a>' voices based on a sample of 50 voices.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The BBC states that Rickman's "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sonorous#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:sonorous">sonorous</a>, languid voice was his calling card—making even throwaway lines of dialogue sound thought-out and authoritative."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In their vocal range exercises in studying for a <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSE</a> in drama, he was singled out by the BBC for his "excellent diction and articulation".<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Rickman is featured in several musical works, including a song composed by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Leonard_(singer-songwriter)" title="Adam Leonard (singer-songwriter)">Adam Leonard</a> entitled "Not Alan Rickman".<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Credited as 'A Strolling Player' in the sleeve notes, the actor played a "Master of Ceremonies" part, announcing the various instruments at the end of the first part of <a href="/wiki/Mike_Oldfield" title="Mike Oldfield">Mike Oldfield</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tubular_Bells_II" title="Tubular Bells II">Tubular Bells II</a> (1992) on the track "The Bell".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Rickman was one of the many artists who recited Shakespearian <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnets</a> on the album <a href="/wiki/When_Love_Speaks" title="When Love Speaks">When Love Speaks</a> (2002), and also featured prominently in a music video by Scottish rock band <a href="/wiki/Texas_(band)" title="Texas (band)">Texas</a> entitled "<a href="/wiki/In_Demand_(Texas_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="In Demand (Texas song)">In Demand</a>", which premiered on MTV Europe in August 2000.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlanRickmanDec2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/AlanRickmanDec2009.jpg/170px-AlanRickmanDec2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/AlanRickmanDec2009.jpg/255px-AlanRickmanDec2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/AlanRickmanDec2009.jpg/340px-AlanRickmanDec2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Rickman at a Hudson Union Society event in 2009</figcaption></figure> In 1965, when he was 19, Rickman met 18-year-old <a href="/wiki/Rima_Horton" title="Rima Horton">Rima Horton</a>, who became his partner in the early 1970s and would later be a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> councillor on <a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea_London_Borough_Council" title="Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council">Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council</a> (1986–2006) and an economics lecturer at <a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston University</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-Horton-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-death-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 2015, Rickman confirmed that they had married in a private ceremony in New York City in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Rickman was the godfather of fellow actor <a href="/wiki/Tom_Burke_(actor)" title="Tom Burke (actor)">Tom Burke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Rickman's brother Michael is a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> district councillor in Leicestershire.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Rickman was an active patron of the research foundation Saving Faces<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> and honorary president of the International Performers' Aid Trust, a charity that works to fight poverty amongst performing artists all over the world.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> When discussing politics, Rickman said he "was born a card-carrying member of the Labour Party".<a href="#cite_note-Guardian14Jan2016-34">[34]</a> His last recorded work prior to his death was for a short video to help <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> students raise funds and awareness of the <a href="/wiki/Refugee_crisis" title="Refugee crisis">refugee crisis</a> for <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refugee_Council" title="Refugee Council">Refugee Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> According to his diaries, Rickman declined a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Alan_Rickman's_secret_showbiz_diaries-98">[98]</a> Rickman was political until his last days. His last onscreen performance was with <a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> in the drama <a href="/wiki/Eye_in_the_Sky_(2015_film)" title="Eye in the Sky (2015 film)">Eye in the Sky</a>, which he had described as "a film about the moral responsibilities governments face regarding the use of drones." In 2003, after reading published emails by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Corrie" title="Rachel Corrie">Rachel Corrie</a>, a US activist who advocated for <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> rights and was crushed to death by an Israeli bulldozer in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>, he was motivated to produce <a href="/wiki/My_Name_Is_Rachel_Corrie" title="My Name Is Rachel Corrie">My Name Is Rachel Corrie</a>; the play was well-received and popular in London.<a href="#cite_note-Norton-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Illness and death">edit</a>]</div> Throughout 2005, Rickman received treatment for an aggressive form of <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>, culminating in a <a href="/wiki/Prostatectomy" title="Prostatectomy">prostatectomy</a> in January 2006. The operation coincided with the casting for <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoenix_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)">Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix</a>, and he deliberated over whether to return to the series, but decided in favour, stating: "The argument that wins is the one that says: 'See it through. It's your story.'"<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In August 2015, Rickman had a <a href="/wiki/Transient_ischemic_attack" title="Transient ischemic attack">minor stroke</a>, which led to the diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pancreatic_cancer-3">[3]</a> He revealed that he had <a href="/wiki/Terminal_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal cancer">terminal cancer</a> to only his closest confidants. On 14 January 2016, he died in London at the age of 69.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-101">[101]</a> His remains were cremated on 3 February 2016 in the <a href="/wiki/West_London_Crematorium" class="mw-redirect" title="West London Crematorium">West London Crematorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green" title="Kensal Green">Kensal Green</a>. His ashes were given to his wife, Rima Horton. His final two films, <a href="/wiki/Eye_in_the_Sky_(2015_film)" title="Eye in the Sky (2015 film)">Eye in the Sky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(2016_film)" title="Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)">Alice Through the Looking Glass</a>, were dedicated to his memory, as was <a href="/wiki/The_Limehouse_Golem" title="The Limehouse Golem">The Limehouse Golem</a>, which would have been his next project.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acting_credits_and_accolades">Acting credits and accolades</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Acting credits and accolades">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Rickman_on_screen_and_stage" title="Alan Rickman on screen and stage">Alan Rickman on screen and stage</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Alan_Rickman" title="List of awards and nominations received by Alan Rickman">List of awards and nominations received by Alan Rickman</a></div> Rickman gained acclaim for his portrayal of <a href="/wiki/Severus_Snape" title="Severus Snape">Severus Snape</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)">Harry Potter</a> series (2001–2011). He also appeared in numerous films including <a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a> (1988), <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood:_Prince_of_Thieves" title="Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves">Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truly,_Madly,_Deeply_(film)" title="Truly, Madly, Deeply (film)">Truly, Madly, Deeply</a> (both 1991), <a href="/wiki/An_Awfully_Big_Adventure" title="An Awfully Big Adventure">An Awfully Big Adventure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a> (both 1995), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(film)" title="Michael Collins (film)">Michael Collins</a> (1996), <a href="/wiki/Dogma_(film)" title="Dogma (film)">Dogma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a> (both 1999), <a href="/wiki/Love_Actually" title="Love Actually">Love Actually</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_(film)" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)">Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a> (2010), and <a href="/wiki/Eye_in_the_Sky_(2015_film)" title="Eye in the Sky (2015 film)">Eye in the Sky</a> (2015). He received numerous accolades including a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Actors Guild Award">Screen Actors Guild Award</a> in addition to nominations for two <a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama Desk Awards">Drama Desk Awards</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Drama_League_Award" title="Drama League Award">Drama League Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence Olivier Award">Laurence Olivier Award</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> Soon after his death, his fans created a memorial underneath the "<a href="/wiki/Platform_9%C2%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform 9¾">Platform 9¾</a>" sign at <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">London King's Cross railway station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> His death has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Death_of_David_Bowie" title="Death of David Bowie">that of David Bowie</a>, a fellow British cultural figure who died at the same age as Rickman four days earlier; like Rickman, Bowie died of cancer and kept his cancer diagnosis from the public.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Tributes from Rickman's co-stars and contemporaries appeared on social media following the announcement. Since his cancer was not publicly known, some—like <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a>, who "cannot believe he is gone", and <a href="/wiki/Jason_Isaacs" title="Jason Isaacs">Jason Isaacs</a>, who was "sidestepped by the awful news"—expressed their surprise.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-death-90">[90]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> told <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> he was a "great friend" and "a real man of the theatre and the stage".<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> At a <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> performance of the play that made him a star (Les Liaisons Dangereuses), he was remembered as "a great man of the British theatre".<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Harry Potter creator <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a> called Rickman "a magnificent actor and a wonderful man." <a href="/wiki/Emma_Watson" title="Emma Watson">Emma Watson</a> wrote, "I feel so lucky to have worked and spent time with such a special man and actor. I'll really miss our conversations." <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Radcliffe" title="Daniel Radcliffe">Daniel Radcliffe</a> appreciated his loyalty and support: "I'm pretty sure he came and saw everything I ever did on stage both in Britain and America. He didn't have to do that."<a href="#cite_note-CBS-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Evanna_Lynch" title="Evanna Lynch">Evanna Lynch</a> said it was scary to bump into Rickman in character as Snape, but "he was so kind and generous in the moments he wasn't Snaping about."<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Grint" title="Rupert Grint">Rupert Grint</a> said, "even though he has gone I will always hear his voice."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-death-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a>, who co-starred with Rickman in <a href="/wiki/List_of_frequent_Tim_Burton_collaborators" title="List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators">two Tim Burton films</a>, commented, "That voice, that persona. There's hardly anyone unique anymore. He was unique."<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a>, who gave a tearful tribute at the <a href="/wiki/London_Film_Critics%27_Circle_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="London Film Critics' Circle Awards">London Film Critics' Circle Awards</a>, remembered Rickman as warm and generous,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> adding, "And that voice! Oh, that voice." Dame <a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> said his voice "could suggest honey or a hidden stiletto blade".<a href="#cite_note-guardian-death-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> remembered "the intransigence which made him the great artist he was—his ineffable and cynical wit, the clarity with which he saw most things, including me ... I learned a lot from him."<a href="#cite_note-CBS-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> told <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a> that, as an actor, Rickman had been a mentor.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_McTiernan" title="John McTiernan">John McTiernan</a>, director of <a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a>, said Rickman was the antithesis of the villainous roles for which he was most famous on screen.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> wrote, "behind [Rickman's] mournful face, which was just as beautiful when wracked with mirth, there was a super-active spirit, questing and achieving, a super-hero, unassuming but deadly effective."<a href="#cite_note-CBS-108">[108]</a> Writer/director <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Smith" title="Kevin Smith">Kevin Smith</a> told a tearful 10-minute story about Rickman on his Hollywood Babble On podcast. Rickman's family offered their thanks "for the messages of condolence".<a href="#cite_note-family-114">[114]</a> An edited collection of Rickman's diaries from 1993 to 2015 was published in 2022 under the title Madly, Deeply: The Alan Rickman Diaries.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On 30 April 2023, search engine Google commemorated Rickman with a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Doodle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alan_Rickman_on_Google_Doodle-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSinger2009" class="citation web cs1">Singer, Leigh (19 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/feb/19/best-actors-never-nominated-for-oscars">"Oscars: the best actors never to have been nominated"</a>. The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 17 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Oscars%3A+the+best+actors+never+to+have+been+nominated&rft.date=2009-02-19&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2Ffilmblog%2F2009%2Ffeb%2F19%2Fbest-actors-never-nominated-for-oscars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-35313604">"Alan Rickman, Harry Potter and Die Hard actor, dies aged 69"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 14 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120064859/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-35313604">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2016. 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UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006004652/http://www.alan-rickman.com/articles/angel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Angel+with+Horns&rft.date=1998-01-03&rft.aulast=Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=Suzie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alan-rickman.com%2Farticles%2Fangel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beguiling-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beguiling_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beguiling_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/alan-rickman-beguiling-monster-who-made-cherie-weak-at-the-knees-9234250.html">"Alan Rickman: Beguiling monster who made Cherie weak at the knees"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307220852/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/alan-rickman-beguiling-monster-who-made-cherie-weak-at-the-knees-9234250.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman%3A+Beguiling+monster+who+made+Cherie+weak+at+the+knees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Falan-rickman-beguiling-monster-who-made-cherie-weak-at-the-knees-9234250.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/alan-rickman-cinemas-voice-of-honeysmooth-villainy-20160115-gm6gob.html">"Alan Rickman: Cinema's voice of honey-smooth villainy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman%3A+Cinema%27s+voice+of+honey-smooth+villainy&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Falan-rickman-cinemas-voice-of-honeysmooth-villainy-20160115-gm6gob.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borkman-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Borkman_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/01/05/alan-rickman-is-a-corrupt-banker-in-john-gabriel-borkman/">"Alan Rickman Is a Corrupt Banker (in John Gabriel Borkman)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>. 5 January 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman+Is+a+Corrupt+Banker+%28in+John+Gabriel+Borkman%29&rft.date=2011-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.villagevoice.com%2F2011%2F01%2F05%2Falan-rickman-is-a-corrupt-banker-in-john-gabriel-borkman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-35313578">"Obituary: Alan Rickman."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180717123147/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-35313578">Archived</a> 17 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC News, 14 January 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> England & Wales marriages 1837–2008. Vol. 5E. p. 307. Print. </li> <li id="cite_note-Horton-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Horton_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horton_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/popculture/alan-rickman-weds-rima-horton-nearly-50-years-after-they-t17296">"Alan Rickman weds Rima Horton nearly 50 years after they met"</a>. Today. Retrieved 5 May 2023. <q>Alan Rickman met future economist and politician Rima Horton, it was 1965 and they were just teenagers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman+weds+Rima+Horton+nearly+50+years+after+they+met&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fpopculture%2Falan-rickman-weds-rima-horton-nearly-50-years-after-they-t17296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.nd.edu/~tchapman/news2003.html">"Untitled Love Actually Interview."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918014024/http://www3.nd.edu/~tchapman/news2003.html">Archived</a> 18 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Alan Archives. 10 November 2003. Retrieved 7 August 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaton2012" class="citation book cs1">Paton, Maureen (31 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1592I3Rk8VQC&q=alan+rickman+%22west+acton+first+school%22&pg=PT49">Alan Rickman: The Unauthorised Biography</a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-3264-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-3264-5"><bdi>978-1-4481-3264-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alan+Rickman%3A+The+Unauthorised+Biography&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.isbn=978-1-4481-3264-5&rft.aulast=Paton&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1592I3Rk8VQC%26q%3Dalan%2Brickman%2B%2522west%2Bacton%2Bfirst%2Bschool%2522%26pg%3DPT49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaton2003" class="citation book cs1">Paton, Maureen (2003). Alan Rickman: The Unauthorised Biography. Virgin Books; 2Rev Ed edition. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0753507544" title="Special:BookSources/978-0753507544"><bdi>978-0753507544</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alan+Rickman%3A+The+Unauthorised+Biography&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Virgin+Books%3B+2Rev+Ed+edition&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0753507544&rft.aulast=Paton&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_College_of_Art_Society2019" class="citation web cs1">Royal College of Art Society (12 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcasociety.net/content/alan-rickman-1946-2016">"Alan Rickman (1946 - 2016)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+Rickman+%281946+-+2016%29&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft.au=Royal+College+of+Art+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcasociety.net%2Fcontent%2Falan-rickman-1946-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010422224203/http://www.btinternet.com/~sc.i/devil_in.htm">"THE DEVIL IN MR RICKMAN"</a>. btinternet.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btinternet.com/~sc.i/devil_in.htm">the original</a> on 22 April 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+DEVIL+IN+MR+RICKMAN&rft.pub=btinternet.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btinternet.com%2F~sc.i%2Fdevil_in.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/the-rca-journal-the-alan-rickman-issues">The RCA Journal: The Alan Rickman Issues.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805173558/http://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/the-rca-journal-the-alan-rickman-issues">Archived</a> 5 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> It's Nice That. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flashbak.com/childs-play-alan-rickmans-1970-account-of-murderous-children-in-an-inner-london-play-park-52058/">Child's Play: Alan Rickman's 1970 Account of Murderous Children In An Inner-London Play Park.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811093137/http://flashbak.com/childs-play-alan-rickmans-1970-account-of-murderous-children-in-an-inner-london-play-park-52058/">Archived</a> 11 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Flashbak. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alan-rickman.com/articles/evil_elegance.html">"Interview: Evil Elegance"</a>. Alan-rickman.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707103303/http://www.alan-rickman.com/articles/evil_elegance.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Evil+Elegance&rft.pub=Alan-rickman.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alan-rickman.com%2Farticles%2Fevil_elegance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RADA14Jan2016-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RADA14Jan2016_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RADA14Jan2016_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2016" class="citation web cs1">Staff (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rada.ac.uk/about/news-and-press/1819">"Alan Rickman, 1946–2016"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213129/https://www.rada.ac.uk/about/news-and-press/1819">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Academy+of+Dramatic+Art&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman%2C+1946%E2%80%932016&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rada.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fnews-and-press%2F1819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abouthp.free.fr/interviewsar1.htm">Interview Alan Rickman</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720215944/http://abouthp.free.fr/interviewsar1.htm">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, abouthp.free.fr. Retrieved 20 December 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/arts-theatre-culture/british-theatre/players-shakespeare-2-further-essays-shakespearean-performance-players-royal-shakespeare-company?format=PB&isbn=9780521389037">"Players of Shakespeare 2"</a>. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 9 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Players+of+Shakespeare+2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fgb%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Farts-theatre-culture%2Fbritish-theatre%2Fplayers-shakespeare-2-further-essays-shakespearean-performance-players-royal-shakespeare-company%3Fformat%3DPB%26isbn%3D9780521389037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RTE14Jan2016-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RTE14Jan2016_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RTE14Jan2016_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2016" class="citation journal cs1">Staff (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/ten/news/2016/0114/760145-british-actor-alan-rickman-has-dies-aged-69">"British actor Alan Rickman dies aged 69"</a>. RTÉ.ie. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115074654/http://www.rte.ie/ten/news/2016/0114/760145-british-actor-alan-rickman-has-dies-aged-69/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89.ie&rft.atitle=British+actor+Alan+Rickman+dies+aged+69&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Ften%2Fnews%2F2016%2F0114%2F760145-british-actor-alan-rickman-has-dies-aged-69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian14Jan2016-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian14Jan2016_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian14Jan2016_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoard2016" class="citation news cs1">Shoard, Catherine (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/14/alan-rickman-giant-of-british-film-and-theatre-dies-at-70">"Alan Rickman, giant of British screen and stage, dies at 70"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman%2C+giant+of+British+screen+and+stage%2C+dies+at+70&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Shoard&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2016%2Fjan%2F14%2Falan-rickman-giant-of-british-film-and-theatre-dies-at-70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movie-villains/">"Greatest Villains of All Time"</a>. Empire. 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Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stage%3A+Carnal+abandon+in+Les+Liaisons+Dangereuses&rft.date=1987-05-01&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheater.nytimes.com%2Fmem%2Ftheater%2Ftreview.html%3Fres%3D9B0DE7DE1130F932A35756C0A961948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2016" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Katherine (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/alan-rickman-theater-actor_5697dc10e4b0778f46f872fa">"Alan Rickman Was A Great Film Actor, But He Was A Master of Theater First"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115125902/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/alan-rickman-theater-actor_5697dc10e4b0778f46f872fa">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2016. 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Retrieved 8 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Love+Actually%3A+We+now+%28finally%29+know+what+happened+with+Alan+Rickman+and+Emma+Thompson%27s+Harry+and+Karen&rft.date=2015-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilms%2Fnews%2Flove-actually-we-finally-know-what-happened-alan-rickman-and-emma-thompson-s-harry-and-karen-a6771436.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oftaawards.com/television-awards/8th-annual-tv-awards-2004/">"8th Annual TV Awards (2004)"</a>. Online Film & Television Association. 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Retrieved 12 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Alan+Rickman&rft.pub=Dominic+Wills%2FTalktalk.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talktalk.co.uk%2Fentertainment%2Ffilm%2Fbiography%2Fartist%2Falan-rickman%2Fbiography%2F2%3Fpage%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-death-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-death_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-death_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-death_90-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-death_90-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoardSpencerWiegandGroves2016" class="citation news cs1">Shoard, Catherine; Spencer, Liese; Wiegand, Chris; Groves, Nancy; Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/14/alan-rickman-death-movies-actor-harry-potter-snape">"'We are all so devastated': acting world pays tribute to Alan Rickman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114194326/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/14/alan-rickman-death-movies-actor-harry-potter-snape">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We+are+all+so+devastated%27%3A+acting+world+pays+tribute+to+Alan+Rickman&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Shoard&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Liese&rft.au=Wiegand%2C+Chris&rft.au=Groves%2C+Nancy&rft.au=Beaumont-Thomas%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2016%2Fjan%2F14%2Falan-rickman-death-movies-actor-harry-potter-snape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGlone2006" class="citation news cs1">McGlone, Jackie (31 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://living.scotsman.com/features/A-man-for-all-seasons.2796621.jp">"A man for all seasons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a>. Edinburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309151551/http://living.scotsman.com/features/A-man-for-all-seasons.2796621.jp">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=A+man+for+all+seasons&rft.date=2006-07-31&rft.aulast=McGlone&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliving.scotsman.com%2Ffeatures%2FA-man-for-all-seasons.2796621.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiu2015" class="citation web cs1">Chiu, Melody (23 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/article/alan-rickman-married-rima-horton">"Alan Rickman and Longtime Love Rima Horton Secretly Wed 3 Years Ago"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114133827/http://www.people.com/article/alan-rickman-married-rima-horton">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman+and+Longtime+Love+Rima+Horton+Secretly+Wed+3+Years+Ago&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=Melody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Farticle%2Falan-rickman-married-rima-horton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmer2012" class="citation web cs1">Amer, Matthew (26 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/news/backstage-pass/article/item149086/my-place-tom-burke/">"My place: Tom Burke"</a>. Official London Theatre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223061037/http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/news/backstage-pass/article/item149086/my-place-tom-burke/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+London+Theatre&rft.atitle=My+place%3A+Tom+Burke&rft.date=2012-07-26&rft.aulast=Amer&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officiallondontheatre.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbackstage-pass%2Farticle%2Fitem149086%2Fmy-place-tom-burke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmis.harborough.gov.uk/cmis5/Councillors/tabid/62/ctl/ViewCMIS_Person/mid/480/id/2152/ScreenMode/Ward/Default.aspx">"Councillor Michael Rickman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harborough_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Harborough District Council">Harborough District Council</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Councillor+Michael+Rickman&rft.pub=Harborough+District+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcmis.harborough.gov.uk%2Fcmis5%2FCouncillors%2Ftabid%2F62%2Fctl%2FViewCMIS_Person%2Fmid%2F480%2Fid%2F2152%2FScreenMode%2FWard%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2016" class="citation web cs1">Staff (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170124091509/http://www.savingfaces.co.uk/news-media/latest-news/590-alan-rickman-14-jan">"Farewell to our wonderful patron, Alan Rickman"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman+was+helping+students+raise+money+for+refugees+just+weeks+before+his+death&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Falan-rickman-was-helping-students-raise-money-for-refugees-just-weeks-before-his-death-a6812821.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alan_Rickman's_secret_showbiz_diaries-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Alan_Rickman's_secret_showbiz_diaries_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/sep/24/alan-rickmans-secret-showbiz-diaries-harry-potter">"Alan Rickman's secret showbiz diaries: the late actor on Harry Potter, politics and what he really thought of his co-stars"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman%2C+Watchable+Villain+in+Harry+Potter+and+Die+Hard%2C+Dies+at+69&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Itzkoff&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F01%2F15%2Fobituaries%2Falan-rickman-dies-at-69.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitman2016" class="citation web cs1">Ritman, Alex (9 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/limehouse-golem-tiff-2016-stephen-926918/">"Toronto: Producer Stephen Woolley Talks Dedicating 'Limehouse Golem' to Alan Rickman"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 21 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Toronto%3A+Producer+Stephen+Woolley+Talks+Dedicating+%27Limehouse+Golem%27+to+Alan+Rickman&rft.date=2016-09-09&rft.aulast=Ritman&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Flimehouse-golem-tiff-2016-stephen-926918%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGettell2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Gettell, Oliver (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2016/01/14/alan-rickman-dies-harry-potter-tribute-platform-9-34">"Harry Potter fans honor Alan Rickman at Platform 9¾"</a>. Entertainment Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115081416/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/01/14/alan-rickman-dies-harry-potter-tribute-platform-9-34">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Harry+Potter+fans+honor+Alan+Rickman+at+Platform+9%C2%BE&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Gettell&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2016%2F01%2F14%2Falan-rickman-dies-harry-potter-tribute-platform-9-34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForrester2016" class="citation news cs1">Forrester, Katy (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/alan-rickman-died-same-age-7179574">"Alan Rickman died at the same age as Bowie at 69 also after battle with cancer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227062802/http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/alan-rickman-died-same-age-7179574">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman+died+at+the+same+age+as+Bowie+at+69+also+after+battle+with+cancer&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Forrester&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2F3am%2Fcelebrity-news%2Falan-rickman-died-same-age-7179574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavna2016" class="citation news cs1">Cavna, Michael (15 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2016/01/15/david-bowie-and-alan-rickman-shared-this-one-profoundly-simple-gift/">"David Bowie and Alan Rickman shared this one profoundly simple gift"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817171133/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2016/01/15/david-bowie-and-alan-rickman-shared-this-one-profoundly-simple-gift/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=David+Bowie+and+Alan+Rickman+shared+this+one+profoundly+simple+gift&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.aulast=Cavna&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcomic-riffs%2Fwp%2F2016%2F01%2F15%2Fdavid-bowie-and-alan-rickman-shared-this-one-profoundly-simple-gift%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/alan-rickman-dead-stephen-fry-jeremy-corbyn-and-eddie-izzard-lead-tributes-actor-who-died-aged-69-a6812081.html">"Alan Rickman dead: Emma Thompson, Sir Michael Gambon and Stephen Fry lead tributes to actor"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108115311/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/alan-rickman-dead-stephen-fry-jeremy-corbyn-and-eddie-izzard-lead-tributes-actor-who-died-aged-69-a6812081.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman+dead%3A+Emma+Thompson%2C+Sir+Michael+Gambon+and+Stephen+Fry+lead+tributes+to+actor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Falan-rickman-dead-stephen-fry-jeremy-corbyn-and-eddie-izzard-lead-tributes-actor-who-died-aged-69-a6812081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/west-end-stars-pay-tribute-to-great-alan-rickman-at-play-that-forged-his-movie-career-a3157541.html">"West End stars pay tribute to 'great' Alan Rickman at play that forged his movie career"</a>. London Evening Standard. Retrieved 8 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=West+End+stars+pay+tribute+to+%27great%27+Alan+Rickman+at+play+that+forged+his+movie+career&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fshowbiz%2Fcelebrity-news%2Fwest-end-stars-pay-tribute-to-great-alan-rickman-at-play-that-forged-his-movie-career-a3157541.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_108-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPark2016" class="citation news cs1">Park, Andrea (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/stars-mourn-alan-rickman-on-social-media/">"Stars mourn Alan Rickman on social media"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117072351/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/stars-mourn-alan-rickman-on-social-media/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Stars+mourn+Alan+Rickman+on+social+media&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fstars-mourn-alan-rickman-on-social-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch,_Evanna2016" class="citation web cs1">Lynch, Evanna [@Evy_Lynch] (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Evy_Lynch/status/687688221493362688">"I'll also never forget how scary it was to accidentally bump into him as Snape ..."</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 14 January 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I%27ll+also+never+forget+how+scary+it+was+to+accidentally+bump+into+him+as+Snape+...&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Evanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FEvy_Lynch%2Fstatus%2F687688221493362688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988">    <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch,_Evanna2016" class="citation web cs1">Lynch, Evanna [@Evy_Lynch] (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Evy_Lynch/status/687687504447709184">"Am not prepared for a world without Alan Rickman ..."</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 14 January 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Am+not+prepared+for+a+world+without+Alan+Rickman+...&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Evanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FEvy_Lynch%2Fstatus%2F687687504447709184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/depp-pays-tribute-to-unique-talent-rickman-10277293">"Depp Pays Tribute To 'Unique Talent' Rickman"</a>. MSN. Retrieved 18 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Depp+Pays+Tribute+To+%27Unique+Talent%27+Rickman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fdepp-pays-tribute-to-unique-talent-rickman-10277293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahrestani2016" class="citation news cs1">Shahrestani, Vin (18 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121210418/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/12105861/Kate-Winslet-tearfully-remembers-Alan-Rickman-at-awards.html">"Kate Winslet tearfully remembers Alan Rickman at awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/12105861/Kate-Winslet-tearfully-remembers-Alan-Rickman-at-awards.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kate+Winslet+tearfully+remembers+Alan+Rickman+at+awards&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft.aulast=Shahrestani&rft.aufirst=Vin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fcelebritynews%2F12105861%2FKate-Winslet-tearfully-remembers-Alan-Rickman-at-awards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestbrook2016" class="citation web cs1">Westbrook, Caroline (20 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metro.co.uk/2016/01/20/colin-firth-pays-touching-tribute-to-alan-rickman-saying-he-was-in-awe-of-the-actor-5634428/">"Colin Firth pays touching tribute to Alan Rickman, saying he was 'in awe' of the actor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">Metro</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122230756/http://metro.co.uk/2016/01/20/colin-firth-pays-touching-tribute-to-alan-rickman-saying-he-was-in-awe-of-the-actor-5634428/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=Colin+Firth+pays+touching+tribute+to+Alan+Rickman%2C+saying+he+was+%27in+awe%27+of+the+actor&rft.date=2016-01-20&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2016%2F01%2F20%2Fcolin-firth-pays-touching-tribute-to-alan-rickman-saying-he-was-in-awe-of-the-actor-5634428%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcTiernan2016" class="citation news cs1">McTiernan, John (19 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/die-hard-director-john-mctiernan-857256">"Die Hard Director John McTiernan on Alan Rickman: 'He Had a Gift for Playing Terrifying People'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123061426/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/die-hard-director-john-mctiernan-857256">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Die+Hard+Director+John+McTiernan+on+Alan+Rickman%3A+%27He+Had+a+Gift+for+Playing+Terrifying+People%27&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft.aulast=McTiernan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fdie-hard-director-john-mctiernan-857256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-family-114"><a href="#cite_ref-family_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInnes2016" class="citation web cs1">Innes, Sheila (5 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/thanks-tributes-sheila-innes">"Thanks for the tributes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> (Sheila Innes). Retrieved 28 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LinkedIn+%28Sheila+Innes%29&rft.atitle=Thanks+for+the+tributes&rft.date=2016-01-05&rft.aulast=Innes&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Fthanks-tributes-sheila-innes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988">    <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2016" class="citation news cs1">Owen, David W. (15 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319213721/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Brother-left-broken-actor-Alan-Rickman-s-death/story-28534977-detail/story.html">"Brother is left 'broken' by Alan Rickman's death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Mercury" title="Leicester Mercury">Leicester Mercury</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Brother-left-broken-actor-Alan-Rickman-s-death/story-28534977-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leicester+Mercury&rft.atitle=Brother+is+left+%27broken%27+by+Alan+Rickman%27s+death&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leicestermercury.co.uk%2FBrother-left-broken-actor-Alan-Rickman-s-death%2Fstory-28534977-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell2022" class="citation news cs1">Maxwell, Dominic (8 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/madly-deeply-the-alan-rickman-diaries-edited-by-alan-taylor-review-mc6v09t26">"Madly, Deeply: The Alan Rickman Diaries review — witty, withering and sardonic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. Retrieved 8 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Madly%2C+Deeply%3A+The+Alan+Rickman+Diaries+review+%E2%80%94+witty%2C+withering+and+sardonic&rft.date=2022-10-08&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fmadly-deeply-the-alan-rickman-diaries-edited-by-alan-taylor-review-mc6v09t26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2022" class="citation web cs1">Bell, BreAnn (25 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2022/film/news/alan-rickman-diaries-snape-harry-potter-1235382970/">"Alan Rickman's Journals Reveal Why the 'Harry Potter' Actor Decided to Continue Playing Snape: 'See It Through. It's Your Story.'"</a>. Variety. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Alan+Rickman%27s+Journals+Reveal+Why+the+%27Harry+Potter%27+Actor+Decided+to+Continue+Playing+Snape%3A+%27See+It+Through.+It%27s+Your+Story.%27&rft.date=2022-09-25&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=BreAnn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2022%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Falan-rickman-diaries-snape-harry-potter-1235382970%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alan_Rickman_on_Google_Doodle-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Alan_Rickman_on_Google_Doodle_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doodles.google/doodle/celebrating-alan-rickman/">"Celebrating Alan Rickman"</a>. Google. 30 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Celebrating+Alan+Rickman&rft.date=2023-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Fcelebrating-alan-rickman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Rickman" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rickman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=5131493">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=5131493&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000614/">Alan Rickman</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106481#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/57772">Alan Rickman</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106481#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/161589%7C0/wp">Alan Rickman</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106481#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1968–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Welland" title="Colin Welland">Colin Welland</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fox_(actor)" title="Edward Fox (actor)">Edward Fox</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson_(actor)" title="Ben Johnson (actor)">Ben Johnson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lowe" title="Arthur Lowe">Arthur Lowe</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Dourif" title="Brad Dourif">Brad Dourif</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fox_(actor)" title="Edward Fox (actor)">Edward Fox</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McAnally" title="Ray McAnally">Ray McAnally</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auteuil" title="Daniel Auteuil">Daniel Auteuil</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McAnally" title="Ray McAnally">Ray McAnally</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Cascio" title="Salvatore Cascio">Salvatore Cascio</a> (1990)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Rickman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Roth" title="Tim Roth">Tim Roth</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilkinson" title="Tom Wilkinson">Tom Wilkinson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benicio_del_Toro" title="Benicio del Toro">Benicio del Toro</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nighy" title="Bill Nighy">Bill Nighy</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Owen" title="Clive Owen">Clive Owen</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Gyllenhaal" title="Jake Gyllenhaal">Jake Gyllenhaal</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Arkin" title="Alan Arkin">Alan Arkin</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Bardem" title="Javier Bardem">Javier Bardem</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Waltz" title="Christoph Waltz">Christoph Waltz</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Waltz" title="Christoph Waltz">Christoph Waltz</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkhad_Abdi" title="Barkhad Abdi">Barkhad Abdi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._K._Simmons" title="J. K. Simmons">J. K. Simmons</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev_Patel" title="Dev Patel">Dev Patel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rockwell" title="Sam Rockwell">Sam Rockwell</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahershala_Ali" title="Mahershala Ali">Mahershala Ali</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kaluuya" title="Daniel Kaluuya">Daniel Kaluuya</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Kotsur" title="Troy Kotsur">Troy Kotsur</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Keoghan" title="Barry Keoghan">Barry Keoghan</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Culkin" title="Kieran Culkin">Kieran Culkin</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie129" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EmmyAward_MiniseriesLeadActor" title="Template:EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EmmyAward_MiniseriesLeadActor" title="Template talk:EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward_MiniseriesLeadActor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie129" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Movie" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie">Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1953–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Thomas Mitchell (actor)">Thomas Mitchell</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cummings" title="Robert Cummings">Robert Cummings</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Nolan" title="Lloyd Nolan">Lloyd Nolan</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Falk" title="Peter Falk">Peter Falk</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Howard" title="Trevor Howard">Trevor Howard</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Klugman" title="Jack Klugman">Jack Klugman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Douglas" title="Melvyn Douglas">Melvyn Douglas</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Michell" title="Keith Michell">Keith Michell</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Murphy_(artist)" title="Anthony Murphy (artist)">Anthony Murphy</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Holbrook" title="Hal Holbrook">Hal Holbrook</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Falk" title="Peter Falk">Peter Falk</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Holbrook" title="Hal Holbrook">Hal Holbrook</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Flanders" title="Ed Flanders">Ed Flanders</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moriarty" title="Michael Moriarty">Michael Moriarty</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Strauss" title="Peter Strauss">Peter Strauss</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powers_Boothe" title="Powers Boothe">Powers Boothe</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crenna" title="Richard Crenna">Richard Crenna</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morse" title="Robert Morse">Robert Morse</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a> (1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Rickman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Assante" title="Armand Assante">Armand Assante</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sinise" title="Gary Sinise">Gary Sinise</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Tucci" title="Stanley Tucci">Stanley Tucci</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Macy" title="William H. Macy">William H. Macy</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Braugher" title="Andre Braugher">Andre Braugher</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gleeson" title="Brendan Gleeson">Brendan Gleeson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Pepper" title="Barry Pepper">Barry Pepper</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jenkins" title="Richard Jenkins">Richard Jenkins</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtney_B._Vance" title="Courtney B. Vance">Courtney B. Vance</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riz_Ahmed" title="Riz Ahmed">Riz Ahmed</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Criss" title="Darren Criss">Darren Criss</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharrel_Jerome" title="Jharrel Jerome">Jharrel Jerome</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ruffalo" title="Mark Ruffalo">Mark Ruffalo</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Yeun" title="Steven Yeun">Steven Yeun</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gadd" title="Richard Gadd">Richard Gadd</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evening_Standard_British_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evening_Standard_British_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evening_Standard_British_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evening_Standard_British_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evening_Standard_British_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_British_Film_Awards" title="Evening Standard British Film Awards">Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell" title="Malcolm McDowell">Malcolm McDowell</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Michell" title="Keith Michell">Keith Michell</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thaw" title="John Thaw">John Thaw</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Howard" title="Trevor Howard">Trevor Howard</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Banerjee" title="Victor Banerjee">Victor Banerjee</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McAnally" title="Ray McAnally">Ray McAnally</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Glen" title="Iain Glen">Iain Glen</a> (1990)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Rickman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thewlis" title="David Thewlis">David Thewlis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pryce" title="Jonathan Pryce">Jonathan Pryce</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carlyle" title="Robert Carlyle">Robert Carlyle</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Northam" title="Jeremy Northam">Jeremy Northam</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Roache" title="Linus Roache">Linus Roache</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor" title="Chiwetel Ejiofor">Chiwetel Ejiofor</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bettany" title="Paul Bettany">Paul Bettany</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Considine" title="Paddy Considine">Paddy Considine</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Craig" title="Daniel Craig">Daniel Craig</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheen" title="Michael Sheen">Michael Sheen</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fassbender" title="Michael Fassbender">Michael Fassbender</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Jones" title="Toby Jones">Toby Jones</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Elba" title="Idris Elba">Idris Elba</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kaluuya" title="Daniel Kaluuya">Daniel Kaluuya</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Television_Film157" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Best_Actor_TV_Miniseries_Film" title="Template:Golden Globe Best Actor TV Miniseries Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Best_Actor_TV_Miniseries_Film" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Best Actor TV Miniseries Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Best_Actor_TV_Miniseries_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Best Actor TV Miniseries Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Limited_or_Anthology_Series_or_Television_Film157" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Miniseries_or_Television_Film" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film">Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Television Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Andrews" title="Anthony Andrews">Anthony Andrews</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chamberlain" title="Richard Chamberlain">Richard Chamberlain</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Danson" title="Ted Danson">Ted Danson</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Quaid" title="Randy Quaid">Randy Quaid</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stacy_Keach" title="Stacy Keach">Stacy Keach</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sinise" title="Gary Sinise">Gary Sinise</a> (1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Rickman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ving_Rhames" title="Ving Rhames">Ving Rhames</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Tucci" title="Stanley Tucci">Stanley Tucci</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dennehy" title="Brian Dennehy">Brian Dennehy</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franco" title="James Franco">James Franco</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rhys_Meyers" title="Jonathan Rhys Meyers">Jonathan Rhys Meyers</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nighy" title="Bill Nighy">Bill Nighy</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bacon" title="Kevin Bacon">Kevin Bacon</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Elba" title="Idris Elba">Idris Elba</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton" title="Billy Bob Thornton">Billy Bob Thornton</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Isaac" title="Oscar Isaac">Oscar Isaac</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Criss" title="Darren Criss">Darren Criss</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ruffalo" title="Mark Ruffalo">Mark Ruffalo</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Peters" title="Evan Peters">Evan Peters</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Yeun" title="Steven Yeun">Steven Yeun</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_Film_Critics&#039;_Circle_Award_for_British_Actor_of_the_Year67" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #90EE90"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_British_Actor_of_the_Year" title="Template:London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actor of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_British_Actor_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actor of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_British_Actor_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actor of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_Film_Critics&#039;_Circle_Award_for_British_Actor_of_the_Year67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London_Film_Critics%27_Circle_Award_for_British_Actor_of_the_Year" title="London Film Critics' Circle Award for British Actor of the Year">London Film Critics' Circle Award for British Actor of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Rickman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thewlis" title="David Thewlis">David Thewlis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carlyle" title="Robert Carlyle">Robert Carlyle</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gleeson" title="Brendan Gleeson">Brendan Gleeson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Northam" title="Jeremy Northam">Jeremy Northam</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Broadbent" title="Jim Broadbent">Jim Broadbent</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bettany" title="Paul Bettany">Paul Bettany</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bettany" title="Paul Bettany">Paul Bettany</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Craig" title="Daniel Craig">Daniel Craig</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Jones" title="Toby Jones">Toby Jones</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fassbender" title="Michael Fassbender">Michael Fassbender</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bale" title="Christian Bale">Christian Bale</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fassbender" title="Michael Fassbender">Michael Fassbender</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Jones" title="Toby Jones">Toby Jones</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Spall" title="Timothy Spall">Timothy Spall</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hardy" title="Tom Hardy">Tom Hardy</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kaluuya" title="Daniel Kaluuya">Daniel Kaluuya</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Everett" title="Rupert Everett">Rupert Everett</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pattinson" title="Robert Pattinson">Robert Pattinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riz_Ahmed" title="Riz Ahmed">Riz Ahmed</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nighy" title="Bill Nighy">Bill Nighy</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Satellite_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Miniseries,_Limited_Series_or_Television_Film150" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #A9BAA9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Satellite_Award_Best_Actor_Television_Miniseries_or_Film" title="Template:Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Satellite_Award_Best_Actor_Television_Miniseries_or_Film" title="Template talk:Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Satellite_Award_Best_Actor_Television_Miniseries_or_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Satellite_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Miniseries,_Limited_Series_or_Television_Film150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Miniseries_or_Television_Film" title="Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film">Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries, Limited Series or Television Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Rickman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sinise" title="Gary Sinise">Gary Sinise</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delroy_Lindo" title="Delroy Lindo">Delroy Lindo</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Macy" title="William H. Macy">William H. Macy</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Macy" title="William H. Macy">William H. Macy</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rhys_Meyers" title="Jonathan Rhys Meyers">Jonathan Rhys Meyers</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nighy" title="Bill Nighy">Bill Nighy</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Oyelowo" title="David Oyelowo">David Oyelowo</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gleeson" title="Brendan Gleeson">Brendan Gleeson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Isaacs" title="Jason Isaacs">Jason Isaacs</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ruffalo" title="Mark Ruffalo">Mark Ruffalo</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Cranston" title="Bryan Cranston">Bryan Cranston</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Criss" title="Darren Criss">Darren Criss</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Harris" title="Jared Harris">Jared Harris</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Hawke" title="Ethan Hawke">Ethan Hawke</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Peters" title="Evan Peters">Evan Peters</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Pearce" title="Guy Pearce">Guy Pearce</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_Television_Movie109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ScreenActorsGuildAward_MaleTVMiniseriesMovie" title="Template:ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleTVMiniseriesMovie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ScreenActorsGuildAward_MaleTVMiniseriesMovie" title="Template talk:ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleTVMiniseriesMovie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ScreenActorsGuildAward_MaleTVMiniseriesMovie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleTVMiniseriesMovie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_Television_Movie109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_Television_Movie" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie">Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sinise" title="Gary Sinise">Gary Sinise</a> (1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Rickman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sinise" title="Gary Sinise">Gary Sinise</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dennehy" title="Brian Dennehy">Brian Dennehy</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Macy" title="William H. Macy">William H. Macy</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bacon" title="Kevin Bacon">Kevin Bacon</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ruffalo" title="Mark Ruffalo">Mark Ruffalo</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Elba" title="Idris Elba">Idris Elba</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Cranston" title="Bryan Cranston">Bryan Cranston</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Skarsg%C3%A5rd" title="Alexander Skarsgård">Alexander Skarsgård</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Criss" title="Darren Criss">Darren Criss</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rockwell" title="Sam Rockwell">Sam Rockwell</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ruffalo" title="Mark Ruffalo">Mark Ruffalo</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Elliott" title="Sam Elliott">Sam Elliott</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Yeun" title="Steven Yeun">Steven Yeun</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106481#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108653792">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5131493">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/198284/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhRCfFGKmWf8rBxY4bjmd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12292651X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86024969">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14028588p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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