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<li id="toc-Unsuccessful_Georgian_attempts_to_capture_Tbilisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unsuccessful_Georgian_attempts_to_capture_Tbilisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Unsuccessful Georgian attempts to capture Tbilisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unsuccessful_Georgian_attempts_to_capture_Tbilisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Jafar_by_Liparit_Baghvashi_and_Ivane_Abazasdze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Jafar_by_Liparit_Baghvashi_and_Ivane_Abazasdze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Capture of Jafar by Liparit Baghvashi and Ivane Abazasdze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Jafar_by_Liparit_Baghvashi_and_Ivane_Abazasdze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1038-1040)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1038-1040)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Siege of Tbilisi (1038-1040)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1038-1040)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Tbilisi_by_David_the_Builder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Tbilisi_by_David_the_Builder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Capture of Tbilisi by David the Builder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Tbilisi_by_David_the_Builder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Siege of Tbilisi (1122)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rulers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="إمارة تفليسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمارة تفليسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Туплисалъул имарат – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туплисалъул имарат" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiflis_M%C3%BCs%C9%99lman_%C9%99mirliyi" title="Tiflis Müsəlman əmirliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tiflis Müsəlman əmirliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тбіліскі эмірат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тбіліскі эмірат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тбилиски емират – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тбилиски емират" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirat_de_Tbilissi" title="Emirat de Tbilissi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emirat de Tbilissi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisk%C3%BD_emir%C3%A1t" title="Tbiliský emirát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tbiliský emirát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirat_von_Tiflis" title="Emirat von Tiflis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emirat von Tiflis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirato_de_Tiflis" title="Emirato de Tiflis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emirato de Tiflis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mirat_de_Tbilissi" title="Émirat de Tbilissi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Émirat de Tbilissi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%83%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տփղիսի ամիրայություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տփղիսի ամիրայություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbiliski_emirat" title="Tbiliski emirat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tbiliski emirat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirio_di_Tbilisi" title="Emirio di Tbilisi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Emirio di Tbilisi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirato_di_Tbilisi" title="Emirato di Tbilisi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emirato di Tbilisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99" title="אמירות טביליסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמירות טביליסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="თბილისის საამირო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თბილისის საამირო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiraat_van_Tbilisi" title="Emiraat van Tbilisi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emiraat van Tbilisi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="امارت تبلیسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امارت تبلیسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirat_Tbilisi" title="Emirat Tbilisi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emirat Tbilisi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirado_de_Tibl%C3%ADssi" title="Emirado de Tiblíssi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emirado de Tiblíssi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тбилисский эмират – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тбилисский эмират" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тбилиски емират – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тбилиски емират" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiratet_Tbilisi" title="Emiratet Tbilisi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emiratet Tbilisi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiflis_Emirli%C4%9Fi" title="Tiflis Emirliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tiflis Emirliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тбіліський емірат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тбіліський емірат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="امارت تبلیسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امارت تبلیسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%8B" title="第比利斯埃米爾國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第比利斯埃米爾國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1337828#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Muslim outpost in the Caucasus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Emirate of Tbilisi</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إمارة تفليسي</span></span><br /><i>Imārat Tiflisi</i> <span class="languageicon">(in Arabic)</span> <br />თბილისის საამირო<br /><i>Tbilisis saamiro</i> <span class="languageicon">(in Georgian)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">736–1122</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caucasus_1060_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emirate of Tbilisi in 1060."><img alt="Emirate of Tbilisi in 1060." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Caucasus_1060_map_en.svg/250px-Caucasus_1060_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Caucasus_1060_map_en.svg/375px-Caucasus_1060_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Caucasus_1060_map_en.svg/500px-Caucasus_1060_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="898" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Emirate of Tbilisi in 1060.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">al-Tefelis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Classical Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Emirate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">736</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)" title="Siege of Tbilisi (1122)">Siege of Tbilisi</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1122</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:History of Georgia (country)">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">History of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_(Georgia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/250px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/375px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/500px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia" title="Prehistoric Georgia">Prehistoric Georgia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kartlos" title="Kartlos">Legend of Kartlos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trialeti_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Trialeti culture">Trialeti culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient history of Georgia">Ancient history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Kartli" title="Aryan Kartli">Aryan Kartli</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pharnavazid_dynasty" title="Pharnavazid dynasty">Pharnavazid dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Georgia in the Roman era">Georgia in the Roman era</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia">Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_campaign_of_Pompey" title="Caucasian campaign of Pompey">Campaign of Pompey</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iberian%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Iberian–Armenian War">Iberian–Armenian War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Iberia">Arsacid dynasty of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Iberia" title="Sasanian Iberia">Sasanian Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chosroid_dynasty" title="Chosroid dynasty">Chosroid dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Iberia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Georgia">Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_War" title="Iberian War">Iberian War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lazic_War" title="Lazic War">Lazic War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Umayyad invasion of Georgia">Umayyad invasion of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab rule in Georgia</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emirate of Tbilisi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tao_(historical_region)" title="Tao (historical region)">Duchy of Tao</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Klarjeti" title="Klarjeti">Duchy of Klarjeti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hereti" title="Kingdom of Hereti">Kingdom of Hereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Iberians" title="Kingdom of the Iberians">Kingdom of the Iberians</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iberia_(theme)" title="Iberia (theme)">Theme of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Kldekari" title="Duchy of Kldekari">Duchy of Kldekari</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Unification of the Georgian realm">Unification of the Georgian realm</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Racha" title="Duchy of Racha">Duchy of Racha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti-Hereti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti">Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Georgian_wars" title="Byzantine–Georgian wars">Byzantine–Georgian wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_Invasion" title="Great Turkish Invasion">Great Turkish Invasion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Seljuk_wars" title="Georgian–Seljuk wars">Georgian–Seljuk wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Golden_Age" title="Georgian Golden Age">Georgian Golden Age</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongol invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia_(1256%E2%80%931329)" title="Kingdom of Georgia (1256–1329)">Kingdom of Georgia (1256–1329)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Western_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Western Georgia">Kingdom of Western Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timurid_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Timurid invasions of Georgia">Timurid invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Turkoman invasions of Georgia">Turkoman invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aragvi" title="Duchy of Aragvi">Duchy of Aragvi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Collapse of the Georgian realm">Collapse of the Georgian realm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern Georgia">Early modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ksani" title="Duchy of Ksani">Duchy of Ksani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe-Saatabago" title="Samtskhe-Saatabago">Samtskhe-Saatabago</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti">Kingdom of Kakheti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Guria" title="Principality of Guria">Principality of Guria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Svaneti" title="Principality of Svaneti">Principality of Svaneti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mingrelia" title="Principality of Mingrelia">Principality of Mingrelia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Principality of Abkhazia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Georgia" title="Safavid Georgia">Safavid Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Childir_Eyalet" title="Childir Eyalet">Childir Eyalet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history of Georgia">Modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">Georgia within the Russian Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1832_Georgian_plot" title="1832 Georgian plot">1832 Georgian plot</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gurian_Republic" title="Gurian Republic">Gurian Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)_since_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Georgia (country) since 1991">Georgia since 1991</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History by topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Georgia" title="Names of Georgia">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Georgian_monarchs" title="Lists of Georgian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_states_of_Georgia" title="List of historical states of Georgia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tbilisi" title="History of Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Georgia" title="Military history of Georgia">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of wars involving Georgia (country)">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Georgian battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Georgian_history" title="Timeline of Georgian history">Chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Historical Arab states and dynasties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arte_Alhambra_I_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient Arab states</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qedarites" title="Qedarites">Kingdom of Qedar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 800 BC–300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lihyan" title="Lihyan">Kingdom of Lihyan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 600 BC–100 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabataean Kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 400 BC–106 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Kingdom of Osroene</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 132 BC–244 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emesene_dynasty" title="Emesene dynasty">Emesene Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 64 BC–300s AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hatra" title="Kingdom of Hatra">Kingdom of Hatra</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 100s–241 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tanukhids" title="Tanukhids">Tanukhids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 196–1100 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 220–638 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Salihids" title="Salihids">Salihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 300s–500s AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lakhmid_kingdom" title="Lakhmid kingdom">Lakhmids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 300s–602 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kinda" title="Kingdom of Kinda">Kingdom of Kinda</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 450 AD–550 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Arab empires and caliphates</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 632–661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 750–1258</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 909–1171</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Eastern dynasties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Armenia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 654–884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emirate of Tbilisi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 736–1122</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 824–961</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dulafid_dynasty" title="Dulafid dynasty"> Dulafids </a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 840–897</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Habbari_dynasty" title="Habbari dynasty">Habbarids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 854–1011</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kaysites" title="Kaysites">Kaysites</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 860–964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 861–1538</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alavids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 864–928</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hashimids_(Darband)" title="Hashimids (Darband)"> Hashimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 869–1075</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 890–1004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rawadid_dynasty" title="Rawadid dynasty">Rawadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 955–1071</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Mazyad" title="Banu Mazyad">Mazyadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 961–1150</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 970–1107</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uqaylid_dynasty" title="Uqaylid dynasty">Uqaylids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 990–1096</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Numayrid_dynasty" title="Numayrid dynasty">Numayrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 990–1081</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1024–1080</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Munqidh" title="Banu Munqidh">Munqidhites</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1025–1157</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27n_dynasty" title="Ma'n dynasty">Ma'nids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1517–1697</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turabay_dynasty" title="Turabay dynasty">Turabays</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1480–1677</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Harfush_dynasty" title="Harfush dynasty">Harfushs</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1517–1865</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Shihabs</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1697–1842</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Western dynasties and caliphates</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Nekor" title="Emirate of Nekor">Salihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">710–1019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fihrids" title="Fihrids">Fihrid Emirate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">745-757</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_state_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Umayyad state of Córdoba">Umayyad state of Córdoba</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">756–1031</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muhallabids" title="Muhallabids">Muhallabids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">771–793</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">788–974</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">800–909</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulaymanid_dynasty" title="Sulaymanid dynasty">Sulaymanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">814–922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sicily" title="Muslim Sicily">Muslim Sicily</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">831–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kanz" title="Banu Kanz">Kanzids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1004–1412</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Salt%C3%A9s_and_Huelva" title="Taifa of Saltés and Huelva">Bakrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1012–1051</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Tujib" title="Banu Tujib">Tujibids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1013–1039</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia" title="Taifa of Valencia"> Amirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1020–1086</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Abbadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1023–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebla" title="Taifa of Niebla">Yahsubids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1023–1062</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Taifa of Málaga">Hammudids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1026–1057</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Silves" title="Taifa of Silves">Muzaynids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1027–1063</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Taifa of Córdoba">Jawharids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1031–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hud" title="Banu Hud">Hudids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1039–1110</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sumadih" title="Banu Sumadih">Sumadihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1041–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Murcia" title="Taifa of Murcia">Tahirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1049–1078</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Nasrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1230–1492</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saadi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi dynasty">Saadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1554–1659</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1837–1969</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Arabian Peninsula</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Oman_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Oman proper">Imamate of Oman</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 751–1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ziyadid_dynasty" title="Ziyadid dynasty">Ziyadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 819–1138</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yufirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Yufirids">Yufirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 847–997</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Ukhaidhirds</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 865–1066</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rassids" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Rassids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 897–1962</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 899–1077</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Wajihids" title="Wajihids">Wajihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 926–965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Mecca" title="Sharifate of Mecca">Sharifate of Mecca</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 968–1925</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1047–1138</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulaymanids" title="Sulaymanids">Sulaymanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1063–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyunid_Emirate" title="Uyunid Emirate">Uyunids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1076–1253</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1083–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nabhani_dynasty" title="Nabhani dynasty">Nabhanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1154–1624</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahdids" title="Mahdids">Mahdids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1159–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rasulid_dynasty" title="Rasulid dynasty">Rasulids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1229–1454</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Usfurids" title="Usfurids">Usfurids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1253–1320</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jarwanid_dynasty" title="Jarwanid dynasty">Jarwanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1305–1487</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1395–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tahirids_(Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahirids (Yemen)">Tahirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1454–1526</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jabrids" title="Jabrids">Jabrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1463–1521</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rassids#The_Qasimid_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Qasimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1597–1872</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yaruba_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaruba dynasty">Ya'arubids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1624–1742</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1800–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1820–1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidi_dynasty" title="Rashidi dynasty">Rashidids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1836–1921</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aitids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1858–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Beihan" title="Emirate of Beihan">Emirate of Beihan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1903–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Idrisids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1906–1934</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Mutawakkilite Kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1926–1970</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">East Africa</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Showa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Showa">Makhzumi dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 896–1279</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Pate" title="List of rulers of Pate">Nabahani dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pate_Island" title="Pate Island">Pate Island</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1203–1894</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Sultanate#Mahdali_era" title="Kilwa Sultanate">Mahdali dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilwa">Kilwa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1277–1495</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mazrui" title="Mazrui">Mazrui dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1746–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Sultanate of Zanzibar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1856–1964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Witu" title="List of rulers of Witu">Nabahani dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1858–1895</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tippu_Tip%27s_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Tippu Tip's State">Tippu Tip's State</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1860–1887</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Current monarchies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">'Alawis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1631–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Al Qasimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ras_al_Khaymah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al Khaymah">Ras al Khaymah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1727–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Al Qasimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1727–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Al Saud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1744–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Busaid" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Busaid">Al Said</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1749–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sabah" title="House of Sabah">Al Sabah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1752–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nahyan" title="House of Nahyan">Al Nahyan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1761–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Mualla" title="Al Mualla">Al Mualla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_al-Quwain" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Umm al-Quwain">Umm al-Quwain</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1775–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Khalifa" title="House of Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1783–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Nuaimi" title="Al Nuaimi">Al Nuaimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1810–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Maktoum" title="House of Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1833–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">Al Thani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1868–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharqi" title="Al Sharqi">Al Sharqi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1900–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1921–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Template:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Template talk:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Emirate of Tbilisi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">თბილისის საამირო</span></span> <i><span title="Georgian-language romanization"><i lang="ka-Latn">Tbilisis saamiro</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إمارة تفليسي</span> <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Imārat Tiflisi</i></span></i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> emirate in <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a>. The <b>Emirs of Tbilisi</b> ruled over the parts of today's eastern <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> from their base in the city of <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, from 736 to 1080 (nominally to 1122). Established by the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> during their rule of Georgian lands, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">emirate</a> was an important outpost of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> rule in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> until <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)" title="Siege of Tbilisi (1122)">recaptured</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> under King <a href="/wiki/David_IV_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="David IV of Georgia">David IV</a> in 1122. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Caucasus,_740_CE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg/250px-Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg/375px-Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>Georgia and the Caucasus around 740, just after the emirate was established.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab rule in Georgia</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Tbilisi" title="History of Tbilisi">History of Tbilisi</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> first appeared in Georgia, namely in <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Iberia</a>) in 645. It was not, however, until 735, when they succeeded in establishing their firm control over a large portion of the country. In that year, <a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a> <a href="/wiki/Marwan_ibn_Muhammad%27s_invasion_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwan ibn Muhammad's invasion of Georgia">took hold</a> of Tbilisi and much of the neighbouring lands and installed there an Arab <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a>, who was to be confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> or, occasionally, by the <i><a href="/wiki/Ostikan" title="Ostikan">ostikan</a></i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya">Armīniya</a></i>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab period</a>, Tbilisi (<i>al-Tefelis</i>) grew into a center of trade between the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">northern Europe</a>. Beyond that, it functioned as a key Arab outpost and a buffer province facing the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Khazar">Khazar</a> dominions. Over time, Tbilisi became largely <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim culture">Muslim influences</a> were strictly confined to the city itself, while the environs remained largely <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>. </p><p>Tbilisi was a large city with a strong double wall pierced by three gates. It lay on both banks of the <a href="/wiki/Kura_(Caspian_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura (Caspian Sea)">Kura River</a>, and the two parts were connected by a bridge of boats. The contemporary geographers especially mention its thermal springs, which supplied the baths with constant hot waters. On the river were water-mills. The houses were primarily built, to the surprise of contemporary Arab travelers, of pine wood. In the first half of the ninth century, Tbilisi is said to have been the second largest, after <a href="/wiki/Derbend" class="mw-redirect" title="Derbend">Derbend</a>, a city in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, with its at least 50,000 inhabitants and thriving commerce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Several intellectuals born or living in Tbilisi, bearing the <a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">nisba</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Tiflisi" title="Al-Tiflisi">al-Tiflisi</a> were known across the Muslim world.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> weakened after the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Fitna" title="Fourth Fitna">Abbasid civil war</a> in the 810s, and caliphal power was challenged by secessionist tendencies among peripheral rulers, including those of Tbilisi. At the same time, the emirate became a target of the resurgent Georgian <a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi dynasty</a> who were expanding their territory from <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Tao-Klarjeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Tao-Klarjeti">Tao-Klarjeti</a> across Georgian lands. The Emirate of Tbilisi grew in relative strength under <a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Ishaq ibn Isma'il">Ishaq ibn Isma'il</a> (833–853), who was powerful enough to quell the energies of the Georgian princes and to contend with the Abbasid authority in the region. He withheld his annual payment of tribute to Baghdad, and declared his independence from the Caliph. To suppress the rebellion, in 853 Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a> dispatched a <a href="/wiki/Punitive_expedition" title="Punitive expedition">punitive expedition</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bugha_al-Kabir" title="Bugha al-Kabir">Bugha al-Kabir</a> (also known as Bugha the Turk) who burned Tbilisi to the ground and had Ishaq decapitated, putting an end to the city's chance to become the center of an independent Islamic state in the Caucasus. The Abbasids chose not to rebuild the city extensively, and as a result the Muslim prestige and authority in the region began to wane. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unsuccessful_Georgian_attempts_to_capture_Tbilisi">Unsuccessful Georgian attempts to capture Tbilisi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Unsuccessful Georgian attempts to capture Tbilisi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Capture_of_Jafar_by_Liparit_Baghvashi_and_Ivane_Abazasdze">Capture of Jafar by Liparit Baghvashi and Ivane Abazasdze</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Capture of Jafar by Liparit Baghvashi and Ivane Abazasdze"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1032, the <a href="/wiki/Eristavi" title="Eristavi">Eristavi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Kldekari" title="Duchy of Kldekari">Kldekari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liparit_IV_of_Kldekari" title="Liparit IV of Kldekari">Liparit Baghvashi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivane_Abazasdze" title="Ivane Abazasdze">Ivane Abazasdze</a> lured <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> Jafar of <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> from the city and captured him. It seems that the emir could not have imagined such a development of events, because he went to the meeting with the Georgian nobility without any doubts, especially since he and <a href="/wiki/Bagrat_IV_of_Georgia" title="Bagrat IV of Georgia">Bagrat IV</a> marched on <a href="/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a> with joint forces. He probably spent five years in captivity. It is difficult to say why the <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> did not manage to organize the capture of the city that was left without an ruler. <a href="/wiki/Ivane_Javakhishvili" title="Ivane Javakhishvili">Ivane Javakhishvili</a> pointed out that after the capture of the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Birtvisi_Fortress" title="Birtvisi Fortress">Birtvisi</a>, the king took pity on Emir and again confirmed him as the ruler of Tbilisi, According to Kopaliani, Bagrat came under the influence of Liparit and Ivane's opponent feudal lords, who saw the threat of strengthening Baghvashi in taking over the city, therefore he refused to capture Tbilisi. One way or another, the Emirate of Tbilisi remained an independent entity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1038-1040)"><span id="Siege_of_Tbilisi_.281038-1040.29"></span>Siege of Tbilisi (1038-1040)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Siege of Tbilisi (1038-1040)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although one year after the release of Jafar, the Georgians under the leadership of Liparit tried to capture Tbilisi. Historians believe that Liparit convinced the king of the need to capture Tbilisi and called for another campaign. The army that entered Tbilisi blocked all roads to cut off the city from the outside world. A siege circle was formed around Tbilisi. The population was gripped by terrible hunger. The people of Tbilisi were going to give up over the city to the king, and the Emir was thinking about escaping quietly, but suddenly, after a two-year siege, Bagrat offered a truce to Jafar, and the Georgian troops immediately left Tbilisi. This issue has also become the cause of dispute among historians. Ivane Javakhishvili, based on the preserved information of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Athir" title="Ibn al-Athir">Ibn al-Athir</a>, connects this hasty decision of the king with the entry of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a> into Armenia and Azerbaijan, while <a href="/wiki/Mariam_Lortkipanidze" title="Mariam Lortkipanidze">M. Lortkipanidze</a> again blames the princes who are opposed to Liparit for the failure of the attempt to capture Tbilisi, although he also does not rule out the influence of the Seljuk campaigns on the king. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Tbilisi_by_David_the_Builder">Capture of Tbilisi by David the Builder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capture of Tbilisi by David the Builder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)"><span id="Siege_of_Tbilisi_.281122.29"></span>Siege of Tbilisi (1122)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Siege of Tbilisi (1122)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)" title="Siege of Tbilisi (1122)">Siege of Tbilisi (1122)</a></div> <p>From the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/David_IV_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="David IV of Georgia">David IV</a> started a fight to expel the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">Transcaucasia</a>, the march on <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> was part of this fight. In 1122, the king was able to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)" title="Siege of Tbilisi (1122)">capture Tbilisi</a>. As the city was not surrendered without a fight, the king took it by storm and brutally assaulted the city's rulers and brutally massacred the <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> population. Nevertheless, David's heartbreak soon subsided and he granted the people of Tbilisi many concessions: he released them from the tax of that year and, at the request of the Muslims, he ordered that no one in their area should slaughter a <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pig</a>. The king granted Muslims the right to freely pray. The king also granted tax benefits to Muslims: <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> paid five <a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">dinars</a> a year, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> - four, and Muslims - three dinars. The king promised the Muslims, Jews, and <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> of Tbilisi to live safely in the city and to keep their faith intact, so that they could freely continue their peaceful trade activities. The capital of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a> was moved from <a href="/wiki/Kutaisi" title="Kutaisi">Kutaisi</a> to Tbilisi. The city soon became the economic and cultural center of the country. With this, the Emirate of Tbilisi ended its approximately 400-year existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The office of <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> — <i>amira</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Amirtamira" title="Amirtamira">amirtamira</a></i> — now an appointed Georgian royal official — survived in Tbilisi, as well as other big cities of Georgia, into the 18th century, being substituted by the office of <i><a href="/wiki/Mouravi" title="Mouravi">mouravi</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers">Rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Emir </th> <th>Reign </th> <th>Dynasty </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>1. <a href="/wiki/Ismail_ibn_Shuab" title="Ismail ibn Shuab">Isma'il b. Shuab</a> </td> <td>(until 813) </td> <td>Shuabids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. Mohammed I b. Atab </td> <td>813 – 829 </td> <td>Shuabids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>3. <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Shuab_al-Tiflis" title="Ali ibn Shuab al-Tiflis">Ali I b. Shuab</a> </td> <td>829 – 833 </td> <td>Shuabids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. <a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Ishaq ibn Isma'il">Ishaq b. Isma'il b. Shuab</a> </td> <td>833 – 853 </td> <td>Shuabids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>5. Muhammad II b. Khalil </td> <td>853 – 870 </td> <td>Shaybanids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. Isa b. al-Shaykh al-Shayban </td> <td>870 – 876 </td> <td>Shaybanids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>7. Ibrahim </td> <td>876 – 878 </td> <td>Shaybanids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>8. Gabuloc </td> <td>878 – 880 </td> <td>Shaybanids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>9. Jafar I b. Ali </td> <td>880 – 914 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>10. Mansur I b. Jafar </td> <td>914 – 952 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>11. Jafar II b. Mansur </td> <td>952 – 981 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>12. Ali II b. Jafar </td> <td>981 – 1032 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>13. Jafar III b. Ali </td> <td>1032 – 1046 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>14. Mansur II b. Jafar </td> <td>1046 – 1054 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>15. Abu'l-Hayja b. Jafar </td> <td>1054 – 1062 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF00;"> <td> </td> <td>1062 – 1068 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">City council</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>16. Fadlun of <a href="/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a> </td> <td>1068 – 1080 </td> <td>Jafarids </td> <td>appointed by <a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF00;"> <td> </td> <td>1080 – 1122 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">City council</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tbilisi_(1122)" title="Siege of Tbilisi (1122)">annexed</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_David_Allen" title="William Edward David Allen">Allen, WED</a> (1932), <i>A History of the Georgian People</i>, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Minorsky" title="Vladimir Minorsky">Minorsky, V</a>., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051216125515/http://www1.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S3/SIM-7543.html"><i>Tiflis</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></li> <li>Suny RG (1994), <i>The Making of the Georgian Nation</i> (2nd Edition), Bloomington and Indianapolis, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-35579-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-35579-6">0-253-35579-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaparidze1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Japaridze, Gocha (1989). "მუსლიმი მოღვაწეები ათ-თიფლისის ნისბით VIII–XIV საუკუნეებში" [Muslim figures with the nisba al-Tiflisi in the 8th to the 14th centuries]. <i>Matsne</i> (in Georgian). <b>4</b>: 77–88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Matsne&rft.atitle=%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98+%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98+%E1%83%90%E1%83%97-%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%97+VIII%E2%80%93XIV+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=77-88&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Japaridze&rft.aufirst=Gocha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Tbilisi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaparidze1990" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Japaridze, Gocha (1990). "მუსლიმი მოღვაწეები ათ-თიფლისის ნისბით VIII–XIV საუკუნეებში" [Muslim figures with the nisba al-Tiflisi in the 8th to the 14th centuries]. <i>Matsne</i> (in Georgian). <b>1</b>: 65–78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Matsne&rft.atitle=%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98+%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98+%E1%83%90%E1%83%97-%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%97+VIII%E2%80%93XIV+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=65-78&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Japaridze&rft.aufirst=Gocha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Tbilisi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargarianAsatrian2004" class="citation journal cs1">Margarian, Hayrapet; Asatrian, Garnik (1 April 2004). "The Muslim Community of Tiflis (8th-19th Centuries)". <i>Iran and the Caucasus</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 29–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573384042002966">10.1163/1573384042002966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=The+Muslim+Community+of+Tiflis+%288th-19th+Centuries%29&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-52&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573384042002966&rft.aulast=Margarian&rft.aufirst=Hayrapet&rft.au=Asatrian%2C+Garnik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Tbilisi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaghavaTurkia2012" class="citation journal cs1">Paghava, Irakli; Turkia, Severiane (2012). "A Unique Coin of Abū al-Hayjā, Ja'farid Emir of Tiflīs". <i>The Numismatic Chronicle</i>. <b>172</b>: 205–212. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42678938">42678938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Numismatic+Chronicle&rft.atitle=A+Unique+Coin+of+Ab%C5%AB+al-Hayj%C4%81%2C+Ja%27farid+Emir+of+Tifl%C4%ABs&rft.volume=172&rft.pages=205-212&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42678938%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Paghava&rft.aufirst=Irakli&rft.au=Turkia%2C+Severiane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Tbilisi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Tbilisi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.ru/showgallery.php?cat=1827"><i>Tiflis dirhams</i></a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.ru">Zeno.ru – Oriental Coins Database</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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Georgia (country)">history</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Early<br />Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagratid Iberia">Bagratid Iberia</a> <ul><li>Principalities of <a href="/wiki/Tao_(historical_region)" title="Tao (historical region)">Tao</a> & <a href="/wiki/Klarjeti" title="Klarjeti">Klarjeti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hereti" title="Kingdom of Hereti">Kingdom of Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Kingdom_of_Kakheti" class="mw-redirect" title="First Kingdom of Kakheti">First Kingdom of Kakheti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emirate of Tbilisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">High and Late<br />Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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title="Georgian Empire"><img alt="Georgian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg/142px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg/213px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg/284px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Georgia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#h999f2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Template:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Template talk:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georgia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Georgia_(country)-related_articles" title="Index of Georgia (country)-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia" title="Prehistoric Georgia">Prehistoric Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti%E2%80%93Vanadzor_culture" title="Trialeti–Vanadzor culture">Trialeti–Vanadzor culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Georgia in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Iberia" title="Sasanian Iberia">Sasanian Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Iberia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab rule</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emirate of Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Iberians" title="Kingdom of the Iberians">Kingdom of the Iberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Unification of the Georgian realm">Unification of the Georgian realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hereti" title="Kingdom of Hereti">Kingdom of Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti-Hereti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti">Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Georgian_wars" title="Byzantine–Georgian wars">Byzantine wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Seljuk_wars" title="Georgian–Seljuk wars">Seljuk wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Didgori" title="Battle of Didgori">Battle of Didgori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Golden_Age" title="Georgian Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongol invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Timurid invasions of Georgia">Timur's invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe-Saatabago" title="Samtskhe-Saatabago">Samtskhe-Saatabago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Turkoman invasions of Georgia">Turkmen incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Principality of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Svaneti" title="Principality of Svaneti">Principality of Svaneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Guria" title="Principality of Guria">Principality of Guria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mingrelia" title="Principality of Mingrelia">Principality of Mingrelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti">Kingdom of Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Georgia" title="Safavid Georgia">Safavid Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_I%27s_Kakhetian_and_Kartlian_campaigns" title="Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns">Shah Abbas I's invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krtsanisi" title="Battle of Krtsanisi">1795 Persian Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">Absorption by the Russian Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">April 9 tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)#Independent_Georgia" title="History of Georgia (country)">Independent Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Georgia" title="Names of Georgia">Names of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Georgian_monarchs" title="Lists of Georgian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_states_of_Georgia" title="List of historical states of Georgia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Georgia" title="Military history of Georgia">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of wars involving Georgia (country)">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of battles involving Georgia (country)">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Georgian_history" title="Timeline of Georgian history">Timeline of Georgian history</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:History of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/80px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/120px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/160px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Georgia" title="Template:Borders of Georgia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of birds of Georgia (country)">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)#Climate" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Georgia" title="List of earthquakes in Georgia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Environmental issues in Georgia (country)">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaciers_of_Georgia" title="Glaciers of Georgia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of lakes of Georgia (country)">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Caucasus" title="Lesser Caucasus">Lesser Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of mammals of Georgia (country)">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Georgia" title="National parks of Georgia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of protected areas of Georgia (country)">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of rivers of Georgia (country)">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Georgia" title="List of volcanoes in Georgia">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Geography of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of cities and towns in Georgia (country)">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhare" title="Mkhare">Regions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Subdivisions of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_in_Georgia" title="Russian-occupied territories in Georgia">Russian-occupied territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia" title="Foreign relations of Georgia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Georgia" title="Human rights in Georgia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" title="LGBTQ rights in Georgia (country)">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Law enforcement in Georgia (country)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_of_Georgia" title="Defence Forces of Georgia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of political parties in Georgia (country)">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Economy of Georgia (country)">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Agriculture in Georgia (country)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Georgia" title="National Bank of Georgia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of companies of Georgia (country)">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Energy in Georgia (country)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Lari (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Mining in Georgia (country)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Stock_Exchange" title="Georgian Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Tourism in Georgia (country)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Transport in Georgia (country)">Transport</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Economy of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Georgia" title="Architecture of Georgia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_art" title="Georgian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokha" title="Chokha">Chokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine" title="Georgian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dance" title="Georgian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Georgia" title="Gambling in Georgia">Gambling</a></li> <li>Languages <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Mass media in Georgia (country)">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Georgia" title="Public holidays in Georgia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Sport in Georgia (country)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Georgia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Georgia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Culture of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Education in Georgia (country)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgians" title="List of Georgians">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_diaspora" title="Georgian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Healthcare in Georgia (country)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Women in Georgia (country)">Women</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Demographics of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tavisupleba" title="Tavisupleba">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolnisi_cross" title="Bolnisi cross">Bolnisi cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjgali" title="Borjgali">Borjgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Georgia" title="Coat of arms of Georgia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzala_ertobashia" title="Dzala ertobashia">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Saint Nino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine_cross" title="Grapevine cross">cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#h999f2;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Outline of Georgia (country)">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Georgia_(country)-related_articles" title="Index of Georgia (country)-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Georgia (country)">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)" title="Portal:Georgia (country)">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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