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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html class="page_article article_glossaire composition_glossaire ltr en no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://www.concurrences.com/"> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);/*]]>*/</script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Consumer protection - Concurrences</title> <meta name="description" content="Competition policy is about applying rules to make sure businesses and companies compete fairly with each other. 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class="section__heading" id="auteur"> <span>Author Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-apercu" class="definition-section-title">Definition</h3> <div class="crayon article-chapo-108940 apercu surlignable"><p>‘Consumer protection’ refers to laws and regulations aimed (or said to be aimed) at protecting consumers from misleading, unsafe, or exploitative behaviour.</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-texte" class="definition-section-title">Commentary</h3> <div class="crayon article-texte-108940 texte surlignable"><p>Consumer protection is varied in its instruments, form, and substance, more so than competition law.</p> <p>As regards the instruments, consumer policy has a conventional enforcement element (that is most marked in respect of misleading and deceptive conduct). Misleading conduct may harm consumers, but it can also harm honest competitors. An example arose in <i>ACCC v Reckitt Benckiser</i> (RB). RB marketed a standard general pain relief pill. It then began to market specific pain relief pills for back pain, migraine and other specific pains charging about double the price for the standard pill, even though each specific product was the standard pill. Aside from the harm to consumers, there was harm to honest competitors by diverting sales away from them.</p> <p>Consumer policy, however, also covers weights and measures, product quality and safety standards, industry codes of conduct, the regulation of behaviour in individual professions and occupations, and consumer ombudsman and dispute resolution mechanisms.</p> <p>While there are some important consumer protection instruments that are economy-wide, they are usually paralleled by an extensive assortment of sector- or market-specific instruments. These rely on a broad range of enforcement instruments and in some cases (such as information and consumer education) are very “soft” forms of regulation.</p> <p>Consumer policy and competition law generally share a common purpose and, in that regard, reinforce one another.</p> <p>Broadly, as a general matter, competition law and policy aims at protecting and, where appropriate and efficient, extending the range of choices available for the consumer. For example, where firms operate in competitive markets, they have incentives to develop and protect a reputation for being good quality suppliers, as this allows them to secure repeat business and reduce marketing costs. In that sense, ensuring that a market is competitive can help meet one of the central concerns of consumer policy.</p> <p>The same applies to many consumer policy interventions. For example, policies that ensure that advertising and product descriptions are honest and reasonably informative, that contract terms and the obligations they involve are understandable and not disproportionate, and that consumers can reasonably expect products to be safe and fit-for-purpose, will both make consumer choice a more effective discipline (thus directly strengthening competition) and will force firms to compete on the merits (rather than on the basis of fraudulent or misleading claims or of unfair contract terms).</p> <p>Each of these instruments can, however, create challenges for the other. For example, opening a previously highly regulated market to competition may well raise new issues for consumer protection:</p> <ul class="spip" role="list"><li> Many countries faced new consumer protection issues as a result of the liberalisation of financial markets, which, however beneficial it may have been, exposed consumers to new risks and difficulties.</li></ul><ul class="spip" role="list"><li> Equally, the introduction of competition into some public utility markets (such as electricity and telecommunications) has created challenges in terms of regulation of service quality and of issues such as the management of churn, of customer complaints and of disconnection for non-payment. It has also raised questions about the ability of consumers to understand what are often complex pricing schemes and exercise choice between them.</li></ul><ul class="spip" role="list"><li> Finally, liberalisation of professional services poses complex questions about balancing competitive pressures (for example, in terms of pricing and marketing, including advertising) with the protection of consumers in situations characterised by potentially large information asymmetries and substantial error costs.</li></ul> <p>Moreover, when a market becomes more exposed to competition than it was (say, because of the removal of trade barriers), the incentives of market participants may change in ways that raise consumer protection concerns:</p> <ul class="spip" role="list"><li> For example, incumbent firms, faced with customers that are more mobile, may seek ways of locking customers in, including by building termination penalties into customer contracts. While those arrangements can be fully reasonable in some instances, they may raise both competition and consumer protection concerns in others.</li></ul><ul class="spip" role="list"><li> At the same time, the liberalised market may attract fly by night operators, whose unscrupulous practices undermine consumer confidence in the market as a whole, reduce consumers’ willingness to rely on information firms in that market provide, and thereby erode the incentives for all firms to act honestly. Moreover, those firms that do act honestly will be forced to bear additional costs in so doing (as they seek to signal to consumers the higher quality of the information they provide), increasing prices and reducing both consumer and producer surplus.</li></ul><ul class="spip" role="list"><li> Finally, the advent of the digital world has opened up a mass of consumer protection issues, many traditional, some relatively new for competition regulation e.g. privacy, data use and misuse, non-disclosure of data use, non-cancellable subscription services, ‘take down’ orders.</li></ul> <p>In the same way, consumer protection policies, however well-intentioned, can have adverse consequences for competition, with the ultimate outcomes being contrary to the goals that both consumer and competition policy should seek. Classic cases include prohibitions on comparative advertising, mandatory product standards that exclude low-cost entrants and products, and transparency and posted price requirements that facilitate collusion.</p> <p>It is not surprising that substantial numbers of countries around the world integrate in one organisation the operation of the two policies (at least to some extent) whilst a substantial number do not. Indeed, where the policies are brought together, it is usually not a full integration. The most frequent are laws prohibiting false or misleading conduct (‘false advertising’). At the other end of the spectrum laws about weights and measures are left with consumer protection bodies or other parts of government. In countries with multi-level government characteristics such as federations, much consumer protection is left in the hands of lower levels of government, other than where there are substantial national issues.</p> <p>Overall, there are a number of respects in which gains can be achieved by locating responsibility for both competition policy and consumer policy in a single institution. Those gains include:</p> <ul class="spip" role="list"><li> Benefits in terms of better policy coordination, and in particular, in the selection of policy instruments to meet the needs of particular fact-situations;</li></ul><ul class="spip" role="list"><li> A better understanding by policy-makers and enforcers in each area of the role and limitations of the other; and</li></ul><ul class="spip" role="list"><li> The ability to secure economies of scope in access to resources and in the efficacy of monitoring and accountability processes.</li></ul> <p>However, there are also inherent limits to the possibilities for integration:</p> <ul class="spip" role="list"><li> The nature of the tasks involved in implementing consumer policy differs greatly from those involved in the administration of competition policy, reducing the economies of scope achievable through their integration; and</li></ul><ul class="spip" role="list"><li> It is an inherent feature of any effective policy of consumer protection that it will involve a range of agencies, and (especially in federal countries) span several territorial levels of administration.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-jurisprudence" class="definition-section-title">Case references</h3> <div class="crayon article-reference-108940 reference"><p>ACCC v Reckitt Benckiser (Australia) Pty Ltd (No 4) (2015) FCA 1408</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-biblio" class="definition-section-title">Bibliography</h3> <div class="crayon article-ps-108940 jurisprudence"><p>Allan Fels, David Parker, Blair Comley and Vishal Beri (2001) - Occupational Regulation, in The Anticompetitive Impact of Regulation, eds Guiliano Amato, Laraine L. Laudati, Edgar Elgar, pp 104 to 115.</p> <p>Allan Fels and Henry Ergas: Institutional Design of Competition Policies, <br class='autobr' /> OECD Competition Committee, 17-18 December 2014.</p> <p>Muris, T. (2002), The interface of competition and consumer protection‘, Prepared remarks at the Fordham Corporate Law Institute‘s 29th Annual Conference on International Antitrust Law and Policy; and Sylvan, L. (2004), Activating competition: The consumer-competition interface‘, 12 Competition and Consumer Law Journal.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_definition sticky-top" id="definition-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#part-apercu" data-target="#part-apercu">Definition</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#part-texte" data-target="#part-texte">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#part-jurisprudence" data-target="#part-jurisprudence">Case references</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#part-biblio" data-target="#part-biblio">Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>Author</h2> <div class="auteurs"> <ul class="liste-items liste-items-well"> <li class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/allan-fels" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:50px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L100xH100/allan-fels-2016_copy-ee78f.jpg?1711359330) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Allan Fels</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">University of Melbourne</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Australia</span> <span class="articles"><em>104</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>42162</em> visits</span> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="well citation"> <h2>Quotation</h2> <article class="entry article article-dictionary hentry"> <span class="authors">Allan Fels, </span> <span class="entry-title">Consumer Protection</span><span class="rubrique"><span class="sep">, </span> Global Dictionary of Competition Law, Concurrences, Art. N° 86461</span> </article> </div> <div class="well stats"> <p><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> <b>Visits</b> <em class="number">2645</em></p> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_author scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="institution"> <span>Institution Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="crayon article-texte-86461 texte surlignable"><p>Competition policy is about applying rules to make sure businesses and companies compete fairly with each other. This encourages enterprise and efficiency, creates a wider choice for consumers and helps reduce prices and improve quality. Low prices for all: the simplest way for a company to gain a high market share is to offer a better price. In a competitive market, prices are pushed down. Not only is this good for consumers - when more people can afford to buy products, it encourages businesses to produce and boosts the economy in general. Better quality: competition also encourages businesses to improve the quality of goods and services they sell – to attract more customers and expand market share. Quality can mean various things: products that last longer or work better, better after-sales or technical support or friendlier and better service. More choice: in a competitive market, businesses will try to make their products different from the rest. This results in greater choice – so consumers can select the product that offers the right balance between price and quality. Innovation: to deliver this choice, and produce better products, businesses need to be innovative – in their product concepts, design, production techniques, services etc. Better competitors in global markets: competition within the EU helps make European companies stronger outside the EU too – and able to hold their own against global competitors. <strong>©</strong> <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/competition/consumers/why_en.html" class="spip_out" rel="external"><strong> European Commission</strong></a></p></div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"></aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_references scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <section class="subsection subsection_jurisprudence related-section related-jurisprudence scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-jurisprudence"> <span id="references">Case Comments</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvQhWtuyjR679lUGCYjSGDW71jCh2cC5VQ58PBNV/77xjBG3sqOzhEl85wEuPukTINkfQNBBxrzjw20gqXvXsYq8vsXBnzKysiBhbb5zR+C7M5E22vHnwUM3yfvb6W8XV+PRWk2uqBiY6C2S7SRrQCgG0k0LMN58zHFY9ceHG3HttCo2oxqeQaKVv7iJl7DxgO0dBab6w1CBesNlU+D/XoPKO4Fj3sPubvftNP3d5QOYLbvybO7VsSX72qgXrJuxyHgJ0Dkvq3UZ10EhqlYRvJ9l7IddL3njwrb/aivWuHSQinSWNptsupVJcFNU4ygNZl+T23lXe+RSYwUtaZUD/0WYb4etg=' data-origin="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/irish-competition-authority">Irish Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-irish-competition-authority-joins-eu-consumer-authorities-in-calling-on-a" rel="bookmark">The Irish Competition Authority joins EU consumer authorities in calling on a Big Tech firm to stop geo-blocking on its services <em>(Apple)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-11T23:00:00Z">12 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121808 introduction entry-content"> <p>CCPC joins EU consumer authorities in calling on Apple to stop geo-blocking on its services* <br class='autobr' /> The Competition and Consumer Protection Commission, alongside fellow European consumer authorities, is calling on Apple to stop geo-blocking on its services. <br class='autobr' /> The call comes following an (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/uk-competition-authority">UK Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2024/the-uk-competition-authority-provisionally-finds-that-a-proposed-telecom-merger" rel="bookmark">The UK Competition Authority provisionally finds that a proposed telecom merger could address competition concerns through network investment and customer protections <em>(Vodafone / Three)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-04T23:00:00Z">5 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121486 introduction entry-content"> <p>CMA provisionally finds Vodafone / Three could address competition concerns through network investment and customer protections* <br class='autobr' /> CMA inquiry group investigating Vodafone / Three merger publishes Remedies Working Paper. CMA inquiry group investigating Vodafone / Three merger publishes Remedies (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/hungarian-competition-authority">Hungarian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-hungarian-competition-authority-completes-its-market-analysis-of-artificial" rel="bookmark">The Hungarian Competition Authority completes its market analysis of artificial intelligence and recommends focusing on small businesses, AI infrastructure, and national language models</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-20T22:00:00Z">21 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121292 introduction entry-content"> <p>GVH: The use of artificial intelligence can increase the competitiveness of Hungarian businesses * <br class='autobr' /> Specific and targeted public interventions are necessary to ensure that the potential of AI-based technologies is widely realised <br class='autobr' /> Budapest, 21 October 2024 – The rapid spread of artificial (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/polish-competition-authority">Polish Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-polish-competition-authority-publishes-its-annual-report-for-2023" rel="bookmark">The Polish Competition Authority publishes its annual report for 2023</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-16T22:00:00Z">17 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121075 introduction entry-content"> <p>Report on UOKiK activities in 2023 – digital version* We publish a report on our annual activity – in Polish and English. We remind you: In 2023, the President of UOKiK issued over 1,000 decisions and imposed over PLN 612 million in fines. He conducted over 15,000 inspections to check the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/hong-kong-competition-commission">Hong Kong Competition Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-hong-kong-competition-authority-welcomes-amendments-made-by-a-major" rel="bookmark">The Hong Kong Competition Authority welcomes amendments made by a major electric vehicle company to its car warranty manual to facilitate greater competition among car maintenance and repair service providers <em>(BYD)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-02T22:00:00Z">3 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120878 introduction entry-content"> <p>Competition Commission welcomes amendments made by BYD Company Limited to its car warranty manual* <br class='autobr' /> The Competition Commission (“Commission”) welcomes the amendments made by BYD Company Limited (“BYD”) to its car warranty manual, which clarify that maintenance and repairs of BYD vehicles, (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/australian-competition-authority">Australian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-australian-competition-authority-moves-its-supermarket-inquiry-into-the" rel="bookmark">The Australian Competition Authority moves its supermarket inquiry into the next phase after hearing consumer and supplier concerns</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-26T22:00:00Z">27 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120786 introduction entry-content"> <p>ACCC Supermarkets Inquiry moves into next phase after hearing consumer and supplier concerns* <br class='autobr' /> Many Australian consumers and grocery suppliers have told the ACCC they are concerned that some of Australia’s supermarket retailers have considerable market power and are engaging in practices which (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/us-federal-trade-commission-201488">US Federal Trade Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-us-ftc-files-an-administrative-complaint-against-3-prescription-drug" rel="bookmark">The US FTC files an administrative complaint against 3 prescription drug benefit managers for artificially inflating insulin drug prices <em>(CVS / ESI / Optum)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120730 introduction entry-content"> <p>FTC Sues Prescription Drug Middlemen for Artificially Inflating Insulin Drug Prices* <br class='autobr' /> Caremark, Express Scripts, Optum, and their affiliates created a broken rebate system that inflated insulin drug prices, boosting PBM profits at the expense of vulnerable patients, the FTC alleges <br class='autobr' /> Today, the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-gilman-42097">Daniel Gilman</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-us-ftc-files-a-complaint-against-the-three-largest-prescription-drug" rel="bookmark">The US FTC files a complaint against the three largest prescription drug benefit managers for anticompetitive conduct and unfair rebate practices <em>(CVS / ESI / Optum)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-19T22:00:00Z">20 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121088 introduction entry-content"> <p>Antitrust at the Agencies: PBM Madness at the FTC, Part 1* <br class='autobr' /> “Curiouser and curiouser!” Cried Alice (she was so much surprised, that for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good English). — Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland <br class='autobr' /> Let’s start more modestly, if less cleverly, with (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/latvian-competition-authority">Latvian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-latvian-competition-authority-implements-an-ambitious-digital-markets" rel="bookmark">The Latvian Competition Authority implements an ambitious digital markets project with the OECD, Lithuanian and Polish Competition Authorities</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-15T22:00:00Z">16 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120712 introduction entry-content"> <p>Competition Council will implement ambitious digital markets project together with cooperation partners – OECD, Lithuanian and Polish competition authorities* <br class='autobr' /> The Competition Council (CC), together with the Polish and Lithuanian competition authorities and the Organisation for Economic (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/australian-competition-authority">Australian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-australian-competition-authority-clears-proposed-regional-mobile-network" rel="bookmark">The Australian Competition Authority clears proposed regional mobile network and spectrum sharing agreements between 2 companies <em>(Octopus / TPG)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-04T22:00:00Z">5 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120512 introduction entry-content"> <p>ACCC will not oppose Optus and TPG regional mobile network and spectrum sharing* <br class='autobr' /> The ACCC will not oppose the proposed regional mobile network and spectrum sharing agreements between Optus Mobile Pty Ltd and TPG Telecom Limited (ASX:TPG). <br class='autobr' /> Optus and TPG have entered into three agreements that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/new-zealand-competition-authority">New Zealand Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-new-zealand-competition-authority-moves-to-unlock-additional-regulatory" rel="bookmark">The New Zealand Competition Authority moves to unlock additional regulatory powers to improve competition following Annual Grocery Report</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-03T22:00:00Z">4 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120546 introduction entry-content"> <p>Grocery Report paints a “concerning picture” – ComCom moves to unlock extra powers* <br class='autobr' /> With the first Annual Grocery Report showing no meaningful improvement in competition, the Commerce Commission is moving to unlock extra regulatory powers – with a concerted focus on the things that will make a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Estonian-Competition-Authority">Estonian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2024/the-estonian-competition-authority-initiates-an-analysis-of-competition-in-the" rel="bookmark">The Estonian Competition Authority initiates an analysis of competition in the waste transportation and management sector</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-29T22:00:00Z">30 August 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120553 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Competition Authority initiated an analysis of the competitive situation of waste transportation and management* <br class='autobr' /> The Competition Authority has initiated an assessment of the competitive landscape. The assessment aims to identify possible competition issues in the goods markets for the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/us-federal-trade-commission-201488">US Federal Trade Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2024/the-us-doj-and-ftc-signs-a-memorandum-of-understanding-with-labour-agencies-to" rel="bookmark">The US DoJ and FTC signs a Memorandum of Understanding with labour agencies to enhance antitrust review of labour issues in merger investigations</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-27T22:00:00Z">28 August 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120468 introduction entry-content"> <p>FTC, DOJ Partner with Labor Agencies to Enhance Antitrust Review of Labor Issues in Merger Investigations* <br class='autobr' /> New agreement enhances information sharing protocols to protect workers, promote fair competition in labor markets <br class='autobr' /> The Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice Antitrust (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/us-department-of-justice-antitrust-division">US Department of Justice Antitrust Division</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2024/the-us-doj-department-of-labor-ftc-and-national-labor-relations-board-signs-a" rel="bookmark">The US DoJ, Department of Labor, FTC and National Labor Relations Board signs a Memorandum of Understanding to support merger review</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-27T22:00:00Z">28 August 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120469 introduction entry-content"> <p>Justice Department, Department of Labor, Federal Trade Commission and National Labor Relations Board Sign Memorandum of Understanding to Support Merger Review* <br class='autobr' /> The Justice Department, Department of Labor (DOL), Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) have (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/alerts/aviation-the-european-commission-launches-a-call-for-contributions-with-a-view" rel="bookmark"><strong>Aviation</strong>: The European Commission initiates a call for contributions with the intention of potentially revising the aviation sector guidelines by 2027, with a specific focus on promoting the sector’s decarbonization</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-26T22:00:00Z">27 August 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120407 introduction entry-content"> <p>On August 27, 2024, the Commission today launched a call for contributions of six weeks until October 8, 2024 to help it assess whether it is necessary to revise the 2014 guidelines on state aid to airports and airlines, which expire in the second quarter of 2027. 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They address perceived market malfunctions by (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ioannis-stefatos">Ioannis Stefatos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ania-thiemann">Ania Thiemann</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/law-economics/exploiting-end-user-data-in-digital-mergers-does-the-gdpr-have-a-role-to-play" rel="bookmark">Exploiting end-user data in digital mergers: Does the GDPR have a role to play? Thoughts on the role of data protection</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119523 introduction entry-content"> <p>In recent years, there has been significant debate regarding the role of end-user data in digital markets, and whether data privacy should influence merger control as well as other competition assessments. This discussion arises from the surge in mergers and acquisitions among digital platforms (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martine-behar-touchais">Martine Behar-Touchais</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/anne-sophie-chone-grimaldi">Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bruno-lasserre">Bruno Lasserre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/alain-benabent">Alain Bénabent</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/florian-bien">Florian Bien</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-ferrier">Nicolas Ferrier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/catherine-prieto-62">Catherine Prieto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sylvaine-poillot-peruzzetto">Sylvaine Poillot-Peruzzetto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/mario-celaya">Mario Celaya</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/conferences/european-business-code-market-law-paris-january-31-2024" rel="bookmark">European Business Code: Market Law (Paris, January 31, 2024)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118720 introduction entry-content"> <p>The aim of this conference was to submit for discussion Book II of market law of the draft European business code. We cannot summarize the essentials as the debates were rich and constructive. The “market” group which wrote this Book II, will take into account some of the proposals or objections (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sarah-cardell">Sarah Cardell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sharis-pozen">Sharis Pozen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/interview/sarah-cardell-uk-competition-and-markets-authority-fireside-chat-on-antitrust-118457" rel="bookmark">Sarah Cardell (UK Competition and Markets Authority): Fireside chat on antitrust authorities and technological markets</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118457 introduction entry-content"> <p>Fireside chat conducted by Sharis Pozen, Regional Managing Partner, Americas, Chair Emeritus Global Antitrust Group, Clifford Chance, Washington, D.C.* <br class='autobr' /> ********** <br class='autobr' /> You started your career at Slaughter and May and then went to OFGEM, then became the general counsel of the CMA in 2013, before (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/francis-wang-ombe-kariuki">Francis Wang’ombe Kariuki</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rafe-mazer">Rafe Mazer</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/international/africa-the-need-for-a-new-competition-policy-approach-in-digital-economies" rel="bookmark">Africa: The need for a new competition policy approach in digital economies</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118328 introduction entry-content"> <p>Digital platforms In Africa have helped to lower costs and expand access to financial services and enabled new customer acquisition channels for small businesses, among other benefits. To keep pace with these Innovations, African needs to develop new competition policy approaches which reflect (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/alessandro-sia">Alessandro Sia</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/niklaus-wallimann">Niklaus Wallimann</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/international/switzerland-sustainability-agreements-under-swiss-competition-law" rel="bookmark">Switzerland: Sustainability agreements under Swiss competition law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118278 introduction entry-content"> <p>This contribution discusses the assessment of sustainability agreements in Swiss competition law. While sharing similarities with European competition law, Swiss competition law has special features that allow sustainability considerations to be taken into account. These include the absence of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/thibault-sire">Thibault Sire</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/law-economics/oldie-but-goldie-the-obsolescence-effects-of-horizontal-concentrations-and-the" rel="bookmark">Oldie but Goldie: The obsolescence effects of horizontal concentrations and the importance of merger control in a circular economy</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118235 introduction entry-content"> <p>Horizontal concentrations can accelerate the obsolescence of goods in different ways. First, they may confer a significant degree of market power to the new entity and give it an incentive to artificially reduce the durability of its products (“planned obsolescence”). Second, concentrations (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/foreword/competition-law-in-question-putting-it-into-perspective" rel="bookmark">Competition law in question: Putting it into perspective</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118053 introduction entry-content"> <p>In recent years, competition law in both the United States and Europe has given rise to a number of questions concerning its purpose, raison d’être and effectiveness. <br class='autobr' /> Various aspects of competition law have given rise to controversy. Some felt that competition law had lost sight of what its (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alexandre-carbonnel">Alexandre Carbonnel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ariane-charpin">Ariane Charpin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/chloe-mariou">Chloé Mariou</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/dimitri-dimitrov">Dimitri Dimitrov</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-fasquelle">Daniel Fasquelle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pascal-wilhelm">Pascal Wilhelm</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/conferences/distribution-competition-and-restrictive-practices-paris-october-17th-2023" rel="bookmark">Distribution, competition and restrictive practices (Paris, October 17th 2023)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117315 introduction entry-content"> <p>Competition law is being shaken up by a new economic context, be it inflation, shrinkflation or the structuring of central purchasing bodies at European level. It must adapt. At the risk, once again, of incurring the reproach of instability and legislative inflation. <br class='autobr' /> Table of contents A (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/georgios-gryllos">Georgios Gryllos</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/articles/the-new-digital-landscape-interaction-between-the-dma-and-rules-of-national-and" rel="bookmark">The new digital landscape: Interaction between the DMA and rules of national and EU law governing the conduct of gatekeepers</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116827 introduction entry-content"> <p>I. Introduction <br class='autobr' /> 1. The Digital Markets Act (DMA) lays down harmonised rules ensuring, for all businesses, contestable and fair markets in the digital sector across the Union where so-called “gatekeepers” are present, to the benefit of business users and end users. In order to achieve that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/sarah-lacoche">Sarah Lacoche</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/philippe-vanni">Philippe Vanni</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/interviews/sarah-lacoche-dgccrf-role-and-priority-actions-of-the-dgccrf-for-the-benefit-of" rel="bookmark">Sarah Lacoche (DGCCRF) : Role and priority actions of the DGCCRF for the benefit of the economy and consumers</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117242 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by Philippe Vanni, Partner, Fidal, Paris. <br class='autobr' /> ********** <br class='autobr' /> Role and powers of the DGCCRF <br class='autobr' /> As the new Director General of the Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes (DGCCRF) since May 2023, your appointment comes at a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/isabelle-falque-pierrotin">Isabelle Falque-Pierrotin</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/foreword/the-regulation-of-gambling-and-betting-balancing-the-sectors-in-the-face-of" rel="bookmark">The regulation of gambling and betting: Balancing the sectors in the face of competition and innovation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117256 introduction entry-content"> <p>The ordinance of October 2, 2019, which established the Autorité nationale des jeux (ANJ) to replace the Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL), has enabled this independent administrative authority to take a global view of the market, no longer focusing on online gaming, but on all (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ana-sofia-rodrigues">Ana Sofia Rodrigues</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/eric-a-posner">Eric A. Posner</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/sarah-roberts">Sarah Roberts</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Daniel-K-Oakes">Daniel Oakes</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ioana-e-marinescu">Ioana E. Marinescu</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rochella-t-davis">Rochella T. Davis</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/lindsey-strang">Lindsey Strang</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/strati-sakellariou-witt">Strati Sakellariou-Witt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/tiffany-rider">Tiffany Rider</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jaclyn-phillips">Jaclyn Phillips</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-osborne">Michael Osborne</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kathryn-mims">Kathryn Mims</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tilman-kuhn">Tilman Kuhn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/danielle-drory">Danielle Drory</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2023/on-topic/no-poach-agreements-closing-the-enforcement-gap" rel="bookmark">No-poach agreements - Closing the enforcement gap</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-115495 introduction entry-content"> <p>Antitrust enforcement in labour markets is increasingly gaining momentum, with several competition agencies around the globe, taking action. “Labour antitrust” has been targeted in the US for a while. At the EU member state level, there have also been several investigations and decisions (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau">Pierre Régibeau</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/oliver-latham">Oliver Latham</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2023/interviews/pierre-regibeau-the-exit-interview" rel="bookmark">Pierre Régibeau (DG COMP) : The exit interview</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-114696 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by Oliver Latham, Charles River Associates International, London <br class='autobr' /> ********** <br class='autobr' /> You’ve been chief economist through a period of big developments in competition policy. We have got the rise of New Brandeisian thinking in the US, a more muscular approach to merger enforcement (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/consumer-protection?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-events"> <span>Events</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvRhW9uyjRg7+9gBmPF1Oy+d4EaCNxLLBzHMoQDLlcvybAm18qOjCIPd2JJLPNKkO7JvDapCNFZ2t5DLUpEwLjSrQiZTRGJ32QnkNkN9gibBClh8fWmdNmhFv7c21gfQ4/rPRfnrlqp8eAv7lTUpoeK+rWFKLC8urVR58qfPgC4fEHodrMupxjjQb78kJ9A65REcsNmnhsDMF9h9S3Y5ty02jKYYHDNRZAQq9enBx41bznKJD4cZ6bbzDd0oJvCqbF2aTQxPg1P9akhptJ4yODhiqtr+KVMT1IoCJOAC06JvNPZXVeah6O+COcBDkoIJNrfoV0PnN3XM3k3+RQGbPQ2pYigA==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/alain-benabent">Alain Bénabent</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martine-behar-touchais">Martine Behar-Touchais</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/anne-sophie-chone-grimaldi">Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jean-baptiste-gouache">Jean-Baptiste Gouache</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sylvaine-poillot-peruzzetto">Sylvaine Poillot-Peruzzetto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bruno-lasserre">Bruno Lasserre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/florian-bien">Florian Bien</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuelle-claudel">Emmanuelle Claudel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michel-debroux">Michel Debroux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/catherine-prieto-62">Catherine Prieto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/mario-celaya">Mario Celaya</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-ferrier">Nicolas Ferrier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-louis-fourgoux">Jean-Louis Fourgoux</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/vincent-vigneau">Vincent Vigneau</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/european-business-code-contract-law" rel="bookmark">European Business Code: Contract Law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-01-31T13:00:00Z">31 January 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116145 introduction entry-content"><p>The "European Business Code: Contract Law" Conference organized by the IRJS, the Henri Capitant Association and Cedcace, in partnership with Concurrences took place in Paris on January 31th, 2024.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/torsten-korber">Torsten Körber</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-freget">Olivier Fréget</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/catherine-batchelor">Catherine Batchelor</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/towards-an-effective-dma-discussing-member-states-reactions-and-proposals-while" rel="bookmark">Towards an effective DMA: discussing Member States reactions and proposals...</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-11-10T16:00:00Z">10 November 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-102910 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Fréget Glaser & Associés, Meta and Oxera, with <a href="en/auteurs/catherine-batchelor" class="spip_in">Catherine Batchelor</a> (Director, Digital Markets Unit, UK Competition and Markets Authority), <a href="en/authors/olivier-freget" class="spip_in">Olivier Fréget</a> (Partner, Fréget Glaser & Associés), and <a href="en/auteurs/torsten-korber" class="spip_in">Torsten Körber</a> (Professor, University of Cologne).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tom-viebig">Tom Viebig</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/harald-mische">Harald Mische</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/miranda-cole">Miranda Cole</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/raphael-de-coninck">Raphaël De Coninck</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/lluis-sauri-romero-53553">Lluís Sauri Romero</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/horst-henschen">Horst Henschen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/excessive-prices-in-the-pharmaceutical-sector-in-the-eu-the-aspen-decision-100756" rel="bookmark">Excessive prices in the pharmaceutical sector in the EU: The Aspen Decision</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-21T13:30:00Z">21 May 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100756 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Covington & Burling and CRA, with <a href="en/authors/miranda-cole" class="spip_in">Miranda Cole</a> (Partner, Covington & Burling), <a href="en/authors/raphael-de-coninck" class="spip_in">Raphaël de Coninck</a> (Vice President, CRA), <a href="en/authors/horst-henschen" class="spip_in">Horst Henschen</a> (Of Counsel, Covington & Burling), <a href="en/authors/harald-mische" class="spip_in">Harald Mische</a> (Case Handler - Antitrust: Pharma and Health services, DG COMP), <a href="en/authors/lluis-sauri-romero-53553" class="spip_in">Lluís Sauri Romero</a> (Head of Unit - CET, DG COMP) and <a href="en/auteurs/tom-viebig" class="spip_in">Tom Viebig</a> (Case Handler - Antitrust: Pharma and Health services, DG COMP).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/simon-holmes">Simon Holmes</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martijn-snoep">Martijn Snoep</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/dirk-middelschulte">Dirk Middelschulte</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/maurits-dolmans">Maurits Dolmans</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicole-robins">Nicole Robins</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/competition-policy-and-the-eu-green-deal-99925" rel="bookmark">Competition Policy and the EU Green Deal</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-04-19T14:30:00Z">19 April 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99925 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Cleary Gottlieb and Oxera, with <a href="en/auteurs/simon-holmes" class="spip_in">Simon Holmes</a> (Judge, Competition Appeal Tribunal | Visiting Professor, University of Oxford), <a href="en/auteurs/dirk-middelschulte" class="spip_in">Dirk Middelschulte</a> (Global General Counsel Competition, Unilever), <a href="en/authors/martijn-snoep" class="spip_in">Martijn Snoep</a> (Chairman, Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets), <a href="en/authors/maurits-dolmans" class="spip_in">Maurits Dolmans</a> (Partner, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton) and <a href="en/authors/nicole-robins" class="spip_in">Nicole Robins</a> (Partner, Oxera).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-bary">Laurence Bary</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/inge-bernaerts">Inge Bernaerts</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra">Cristina Caffarra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/eliana-garces">Eliana Garces</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-mundt">Andreas Mundt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mike-walker">Mike Walker</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/giuseppe-colangelo">Giuseppe Colangelo</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/12th-new-frontiers-of-antitrust-conference-4-regulation-of-platforms-one-size-99723-en" rel="bookmark">12th New Frontiers of Antitrust Conference #4 Regulation of platforms: One size fits all? EU, UK, USA, Germany…</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-11T14:00:00Z">11 June 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99723 introduction entry-content"><p>4th Webinar of the 12th « New Frontiers of Antitrust Conference » organised by Concurrences, in partnership with CRA, Dechert and Facebook, with <a href="en/authors/laurence-bary" class="spip_in">Laurence Bary</a> (Partner, Dechert), <a href="en/authors/inge-bernaerts" class="spip_in">Inge Bernaerts</a> (Director - Policy and Strategy, DG COMP), <a href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra" class="spip_in">Cristina Caffarra</a> (Senior Consultant, CRA), <a href="en/auteurs/giuseppe-colangelo" class="spip_in">Giuseppe Colangelo</a> (Jean Monnet Chair in European Innovation Policy & Associate Professor, University of Basilicata), <a href="en/authors/eliana-garces" class="spip_in">Eliana Garces</a> (Director - Economic Policy, Facebook), <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" class="spip_in">Frédéric Jenny</a> (Chairman, OECD Competition Committee | Professor, ESSEC), <a href="en/authors/andreas-mundt" class="spip_in">Andreas Mundt</a> (President, Bundeskartellamt) and <a href="en/authors/mike-walker" class="spip_in">Mike Walker</a> (Chief Economic Adviser, UK Competition and Markets Authority).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/florence-ninane">Florence Ninane</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/inge-bernaerts">Inge Bernaerts</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/georgios-mavros">Georgios Mavros</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/bruno-basalisco">Bruno Basalisco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/annemarie-sipkes">Annemarie Sipkes</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ben-wreschner">Ben Wreschner</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/dma-at-the-interface-of-competition-and-regulation" rel="bookmark">DMA : At the interface of competition and regulation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-03T13:30:00Z">3 March 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99340 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the “Law & Economics” Series organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Allen & Overy and Copenhagen Economics, with <a href="en/auteurs/bruno-basalisco" class="spip_in">Bruno Basalisco</a> (Director, Copenhagen Economics), <a href="en/authors/inge-bernaerts" class="spip_in">Inge Bernaerts</a> (Director of Policy and Strategy, DG COMP), <a href="en/auteurs/georgios-mavros" class="spip_in">Georgios Mavros</a> (Public Policy and Government Relations Manager EMEA, Google), <a href="en/authors/florence-ninane" class="spip_in">Florence Ninane</a> (Partner, Allen & Overy), <a href="en/authors/annemarie-sipkes" class="spip_in">Annemarie Sipkes</a> (Telecommunications, Transport, and Postal Services Director, Authority for Consumers & Markets) and <a href="en/auteurs/ben-wreschner" class="spip_in">Ben Wreschner</a> (Chief Economist, Vodafone).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/asmith-ftc-gov">Andrew Smith</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jeffrey-amato">Jeffrey Amato</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/joseph-farrell">Joseph Farrell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kinshuk-jerath">Kinshuk Jerath</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/thomas-philippon">Thomas Philippon</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/scott-hemphill">Scott Hemphill</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/the-global-antitrust-economics-conference-consumer-protection-antitrust" rel="bookmark">The Global Antitrust Economics Conference: Consumer Protection & Antitrust</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-12-08T13:00:00Z">8 December 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-98047 introduction entry-content"><p>This webinar was organized by Concurrences, in partnership with New York University Stern School of Business, Analysis Group, Axinn, Bates White, the Brattle Group, Charles River Associates, Cornerstone Research, Cravath, Labaton Sucharow, Orrick, and Winston & Strawn with <a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/authors/asmith-ftc-gov">Andrew Smith</a> (US Federal Trade Commission), <a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/authors/jeffrey-amato?var_mode=calcul">Jeffrey Amato</a> (Winston & Strawn), <a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/auteur/joseph-farrell">Joseph Farrell</a> (Bates White), <a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/authors/kinshuk-jerath">Kinshuk Jerath</a> (Columbia Business School at Columbia University), <a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/authors/thomas-philippon">Thomas Philippon</a> (NYU Stern), and <a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/authors/scott-hemphill">Scott Hemphill</a> (NYU School of Law).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/isabelle-de-silva">Isabelle De Silva</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-mundt">Andreas Mundt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rohit-chopra">Rohit Chopra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra">Cristina Caffarra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andrea-gomes-da-silva">Andrea Gomes da Silva</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/consumers-decision-making-sovereignty-challenging-business-models-in-the-data-en" rel="bookmark">Consumers’ "Decision-Making Sovereignty”: Challenging Business Models in the Data Economy (after the German Supreme Court in Facebook)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-07-08T15:00:00Z">8 July 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-95535 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the "Law & Economics" Series organised by Concurrences, in partnership with CRA, with <a href="en/auteurs/rohit-chopra" class="spip_in">Rohit Chopra</a> (Commissioner, Federal Trade Commission), <a href="en/authors/andrea-gomes-da-silva" class="spip_in">Andrea Gomes da Silva</a> (Executive Director - Markets and Mergers, UK Competition and Markets Authority), <a href="en/authors/andreas-mundt" class="spip_in">Andreas Mundt</a> (President, Bundeskartellamt), <a href="en/authors/isabelle-de-silva" class="spip_in">Isabelle de Silva</a> (President, Competition Authority), and moderated by <a href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra" class="spip_in">Cristina Caffarra</a> (Head of European Competition, CRA).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/achim-wambach">Achim Wambach</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra">Cristina Caffarra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mike-walker">Mike Walker</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau">Pierre Régibeau</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/webinar-7-enforcement-covid-and-the-aftermath-some-economic-myth-busting-en" rel="bookmark">WEBINAR #7 Enforcement, Covid and the Aftermath: Some Economic Myth Busting</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-06-09T15:30:00Z">9 June 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-95109 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the "#NewAntitrust" Webinar Series organised by Concurrences with <a href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau" class="spip_in">Pierre Régibeau</a> (Chief Economist, DG COMP), <a href="en/auteurs/achim-wambach" class="spip_in">Achim Wambach</a> (Chairman, Monopoly Commission - President, ZEW), <a href="en/authors/mike-walker" class="spip_in">Mike Walker</a> (Chief Economic Adviser, Competition and Markets Authority) and <a href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra" class="spip_in">Cristina Caffarra</a> (Head of European Competition, CRA).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Maria-Jaspers">Maria Jaspers</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rainer-becker">Rainer Becker</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/webinar-1-coronavirus-crisis-the-dg-comp-s-response-antitrust-en" rel="bookmark">WEBINAR #1’ Coronavirus crisis - The DG COMP’S response (Antitrust)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-04-17T13:30:00Z">17 April 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-94217 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the "Quarantine Webinar Series" organised by Concurrences with <a href="en/auteur/Maria-Jaspers" class="spip_in">Maria Jaspers</a> (Head of the Antitrust Policy and Case Support Unit, DG COMP) and <a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2005/case-comments/The-French-NCA-holds-that-the" class="spip_in">Rainer Becker</a> (Head of the Antitrust: Pharma and Health services Unit, DG COMP).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/christine-wilson">Christine Wilson</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/isabelle-de-silva">Isabelle De Silva</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rod-sims">Rod Sims</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/toh-han-li">Toh Han Li</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/startups-vs-big-tech-where-is-the-innovation-dinner-with-christine-wilson-ftc" rel="bookmark">Startups vs. Big Tech: Where is the innovation? Dinner with Christine Wilson (FTC) & Isabelle de Silva (ADLC)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-09-12T17:00:00Z">12 September 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90298 introduction entry-content"><p>Annual Concurrences Dinner in New York City, organized with the support of Bates White, CRA, Gibson Dunn, Orrick, and White & Case.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/william-e-kovacic">William E. Kovacic</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/makan-delrahim">Makan Delrahim</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rohit-chopra">Rohit Chopra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jamillia-ferris-48194">Jamillia Ferris</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bruce-hoffman">Bruce Hoffman</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-mundt">Andreas Mundt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alejandra-palacios-prieto">Alejandra Palacios Prieto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/paula-farani-de-azevedo-silveira">Paula Farani De Azevedo Silveira</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/esteban-greco">Esteban Greco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ricardo-riesco">Ricardo Riesco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/eric-lipman">Eric Lipman</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rima-alaily">Rima Alaily</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/vandy-m-howell">Vandy M. Howell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-d-harkrider">John D. Harkrider</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alex-okuliar">Alexander Paul Okuliar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mark-j-gidley">J. Mark Gidley</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Miguel-del-Pino">Miguel del Pino</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jonathan-b-baker">Jonathan B. Baker</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/7th-annual-bill-kovacic-antitrust-salon" rel="bookmark">7th Annual Bill Kovacic Antitrust Salon</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-09-09T11:00:00Z">9 September 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90209 introduction entry-content"><p>Annual Concurrences & George Washington University conference, with the support of Axinn, Cornerstone Research, CRA, Orrick, Von Wobeser y Sierra, White & Case, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, and MLex.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-mundt">Andreas Mundt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Thilo-Klein">Thilo Klein</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tilman-kuhn">Tilman Kuhn</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/dinner-in-honor-of-andreas-mundt-president-of-the-bundeskartellamt-en" rel="bookmark">Dinner in honor of Andreas Mundt, President of the Bundeskartellamt</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-02-14T18:00:00Z">14 February 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89242 introduction entry-content"><p>Dinner organised by Concurrences Review with keynote speaker Andreas Mundt (President, Bundeskartellamt) in partnership with White & Case and Compass Lexecon.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aleksandra-boutin">Aleksandra Boutin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/katarzyna-czapracka">Katarzyna Czapracka</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/marek-niechcial">Marek Niechcial</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/dinner-in-honor-of-marek-niechcial-president-of-the-polish-office-for-87237-en" rel="bookmark">Dinner in honor of Marek Niechciał (President of the Polish Office for Competition and Consumer Protection - UOKiK)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-06-21T16:00:00Z">21 June 2018</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87237 introduction entry-content"><p>Dinner organised by Concurrences Review with keynote speaker Marek Niechciał (UOKiK), in partnership with White & Case and Compass Lexecon.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/geert-goeteyn">Geert Goeteyn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/giovanni-buttarelli">Giovanni Buttarelli</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-eymard">Laurent Eymard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michele-piergiovanni">Michele Piergiovanni</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/big-data-competition" rel="bookmark">Big Data & Competition</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-03-23T11:30:00Z">23 March 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83630 introduction entry-content"><p>Workshop organised by Concurrences Review in partnership with Shearman & Sterling and MAPP.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/consumer-protection?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsections_books related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-books"> <span>Books</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhW9u6jRg7ds2forE9OyeV0caD9xLLBzHMoRDPhcvybASSmMCa2GrI0aUhDDsW18cfYvgV1a/pm3Tc93C2A/HyBlfD1h3tfRmXYx7HlA+wugNuPgIgLPTdH53mz3spBvLEaFSUzyW82CxXdw0api8+WpGRxyOzqXXjXSuHhnUfTLQzYc6XMu2XUpPuA/5QE6t8eeNjuj+45OwY96CUKbio8xHmq2VeXR7aG0NdkTX2QMng51Zxm+sitrhzTaUKPKQmvRYMgOOt9q4huPIxgLLmYTgjmUHkQg+uH8it7WoesQ4gYoOu+ndqDDB+z+/Bt/R5mWMNxl+lo6xtH5PrApKZLX' data-origin="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/damien-gerard">Damien Gerard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/randy-tritell-2131">Randolph Tritell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-a-crane">Daniel A. Crane</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/why-competition-121769" rel="bookmark">Why Competition?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z">22 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121769 introduction entry-content"> <p>As we celebrate 20 years of promoting dialogue and scholarship in competition law and antitrust economics, Concurrences is proud to present Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond. This anniversary book reflects on two decades of contributions to the global conversation (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-charbit">Nicolas Charbit</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/sonia-ahmad">Sonia Ahmad</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/richard-whish-qc-hon-liber-amicorum-en" rel="bookmark">Richard Whish QC (Hon) Liber Amicorum</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-03-10T23:00:00Z">11 March 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92890 introduction entry-content"> <p>This Liber Amicorum highlights the global reach of Professor Whish’s influence. Enforcers, academics and practitioners from around the world pay tribute to the mastery of competition law that Professor Whish embodies, and has shared with students with trademark erudition and enthusiasm. At this (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-charbit">Nicolas Charbit</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/sonia-ahmad">Sonia Ahmad</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/frederic-jenny-liber-amicorum" rel="bookmark">Frédéric Jenny Liber Amicorum</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-12-31T23:00:00Z">1 January 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-88567 introduction entry-content"> <p>Dr. Frédéric Jenny is the Renaissance man of competition policy. As an economist, scholar, judge and enforcer, he has helped transform the landscape of global competition enforcement. In the first volume of this Liber Amicorum, distinguished members of both Bar and Bench, as well as academics (…)</p> </div> </article></div> </div> <h3 class="">Chapters</h3> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvRhW9uyjRg789g+aOB1OyOUE8Pverh/3w7tAgmN1P4Q/0TSmMCa1mLt/aXGPmXCLd3JFXQScGhLLpxz43CP5w/V62jdI4JG+7NQWmBNVtqh8lhs82f1riSMVvufrntcg+bMdxjrkHaKcWp0teUoIey7PmC45bJxO3rFCAOOp6v9nmC8cgUlkydDzj8XSC5ILXoCOGhkwBNHaWYb5KLY8cWePF4AZcl+K4fSabF85o1d9ZRaCokVGpBRVEtMBnhIHdXosaq54chA+nAzSh9j7wajMbBhCSDH6b+rwNUQQPQDHhNCpMvvXFLfuFzsmXPiEkCxntAapz/H8uASsIVC6hiEKqjg==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection"> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/florian-wagner-von-papp">Florian Wagner-von Papp</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131896" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>The Goals of Competition Law</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">77Why Competition? The Goals of Competition Law: Is “Consumer Welfare” Really Better Defined Than “Competition as Such”?Florian Wagner -von Papp * Helmut Schmidt University University of the Federal Armed Forces in Hamburg (HSU) The debate about the goals of competition law is once again high on (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-guersent">Olivier Guersent</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131893" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>20 Years of Changes</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">53Why Competition? Years of ChangesOlivier Guersent * European Commission's Directorate-General for Competition I. Introduction In this contribution, I will offer my personal perspective on why competition policy remains as relevant today as it was two decades ago, when Concurrences started its (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-gerber">David Gerber</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131878" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Viewing Competition. Power As a Lens</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">27Why Competition? Viewing Competition: Power As a LensDavid J. Gerber * Chicago-Kent College of Law The title chosen for this volume is intriguing. “Why Competition?” can lead to explorations and comments in many directions. For some, the issue is why we should have competition; others see it (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gonenc-gurkaynak">Gönenç Gürkaynak</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131877" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>The Prime Objective of Competition Laws</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">19Why Competition? The Prime Objective of Competition LawsGönenç Gürkaynak * ELIG Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law As competition law continues to evolve and expand its boundaries, a crucial debate has resurfaced concerning its prime objective. The effective use of competition law is essential in (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/Jorge-Padilla">Jorge Padilla</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/salvatore-piccolo">Salvatore Piccolo</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131971" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Does Improved Market Contestability Imply Higher Consumer Surplus</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">385Why Competition? Does Improved Market Contestability Imply Higher Consumer Surplus?Jorge Padilla * and Salvatore Piccolo ** Compass Lexecon I. Introduction Consumer surplus is a fundamental economic concept. It represents the monetary gain people receive when purchasing a good or service at a (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/willard-mwemba">Willard Mwemba</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131939" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>The Indispensable Role of Antitrust Enforcement in Less Developed Countries</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">159Why Competition? The Indispensable Role of Antitrust Enforcement in Less Developed CountriesWillard Mwemba * The COMESA Competition Commission 477. Competition law has one fundamental objective: the preservation of democratic and contestable markets for the benefit of consumers. Competition (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alden-abbott">Alden Abbott</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131897" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Competition Policy, Anticompetitive Market Distortions, and Economic Welfare</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">95Why Competition? Competition Policy, Anticompetitive Market Distortions, and Economic WelfareAlden F. A bbott * Mercatus Center at George Mason University I. Introduction and Overview Competition policy has received increased public attention in recent years, as multiple governments have (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/anthony-michael-collins">Anthony M. Collins</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131930" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>No Need to Bang on the Table</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">117Why Competition? No Need to Bang on the Table * Anthony M. C ollins ** General Court of the European Union The General Court's jurisdiction to review Commission decisions in the field of competition law may be analysed under three headings: –First, review by reference to the jurisdictional (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/giuliano-amato">Giuliano Amato</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131931" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Both Private and Public Powers Are Going Beyond Their Bounds – Let’s Keep an Eye on Both</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">121Why Competition? Both Private and Public Powers Are Going Beyond Their Bounds – Let's Keep an Eye on Both * Giuliano Amato ** Constitutional Court of Italy Twenty-five years ago, when I wrote Antitrust and the Bounds of Powers (Hart Publishing), my purpose was to remind the antitrust (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/agustin-reyna">Agustin Reyna</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/vanessa-turner">Vanessa Turner</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=132011" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>A Consumer View of EU Competition Law. What’s Working, What Isn’t, and How This Can Be Fixed</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">673Why Competition? A Consumer View of EU Competition Law: What's Working, What Isn't, and How This Can Be FixedAgustin Reyna and Vanessa Turner The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) I. Introduction In recent times, competition law, including in the EU, has faced criticism, highlighting the (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/samuel-chan">Samuel Chan</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=132001" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Justice for All. The Role of Competition Law Beyond Consumer Protection</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">613Why Competition? Justice for All: The Role of Competition Law Beyond Consumer ProtectionSamuel Chan *1 Hong Kong Competition Commission This short contribution does not seek to delve into the ongoing debate regarding whether consumer protection or consumer welfare should be the central focus (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-freeman">Peter Freeman</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=132031" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Is Competition Everything. The UK Experience</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">791Why Competition? Is Competition Everything? The UK ExperiencePeter Freeman * Competition Appeal Tribunal I. Introduction – The Virtue of Competition There is general acceptance amongst industrialised economies that competition policy is a key instrument bringing economic benefits of many (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/francois-leveque">François Lévêque</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=132022" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Is it Time for Competition Authorities to Modernize Their Vision of the Consumer</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">755Why Competition? Is it Time for Competition Authorities to Modernize Their Vision of the Consumer? * François Lévêque Mines-ParisTech University PSL Is it not time to modernize and make more complex the competition authorities' vision of the consumer? To follow in the footsteps of economic (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/gina-cass-gottlieb">Gina Cass-Gottlieb</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=132020" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Why Competition. Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">741Why Competition? Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and BeyondGina Cass Gottlieb *46 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission I. Introduction It is both an exciting and challenging time to be leading the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). The (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nils-wahl">Nils Wahl</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=132017" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community and Beyond <small>Recent Trends at the Court of Justice of the European Union</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">22 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">709Why Competition? Recent Trends at the Court of Justice of the European Union * Nils Wahl **1 Court of Justice of the European Union In this foreword, three recent trends of antitrust litigation at the Court of Justice of the European Union shall be identified and discussed. The first is a (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_chapitres' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/consumer-protection?debut_chapitres=15#pagination_chapitres' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_related sticky-top" id="related-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#related-jurisprudence" data-target="#related-jurisprudence">Case Comments</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#related-articles" data-target="#related-articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#related-events" data-target="#related-events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#related-books" data-target="#related-books">Books</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> 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data-anchor="#v">v</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/consumer-protection#w" data-anchor="#w">w</a> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="a"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">a</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/absolute-territorial-protection">Absolute territorial protection </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en">Abuse of dominant position</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence">Abuse of economic dependence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/access-to-the-file-en">Access to the file</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/actual-competitor">Actual competitor </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/administered-prices">Administered prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/advisory-committee-118302">Advisory committee</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agent-en">Agent</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agreement-notion-en">Agreement (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ai-collusion-algorithm">AI Collusion (Algorithm)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/AKZO-Procedure">AKZO Procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/amicus-curiae">Amicus curiae</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ancillary-restraints">Ancillary restraints </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/annulment">Annulment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-market-distortions">Anticompetitive Market Distortions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-object-or-effect-en">Anticompetitive object or effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-practices">Anticompetitive practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Antitrust">Antitrust</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/applicable-law">Applicable law</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/arbitration">Arbitration</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/article-11-letter">Article 11 letter </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/aec-as-efficient-competitor-principle-and-test">As-Efficient Competitor (AEC)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="b"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">b</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/barriers-to-entry-en">Barriers to entry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bertrand-nash-equilibrium">Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bid-rigging">Bid rigging</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/block-exemption-regulation">Block exemption (Regulation) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/boycott">Boycott</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/brand-competition-en">Brand competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bundling">Bundling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/burden-of-proof">Burden of proof</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/buyer-power">Buyer power </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="c"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">c</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/cartel">Cartel </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/clearance-phase-ii-merger">Clearance phase II (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collecting-society">Collecting society </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-dominance">Collective dominance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-redress-class-action">Collective redress (class action)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/comity">Comity </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/commission-communication">Commission communication</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competence">Competence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competition-policy-89181">Competition policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/complaint">Complaint </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Compliance-programme">Compliance programme </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/compulsory-license">Compulsory license</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concentration-indexes-en">Concentration indexes</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concerted-practices-en">Concerted practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concession-86056">Concession</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction">Concurrent jurisdiction</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Consortium-12192">Consortium </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumer-protection">Consumer protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumers-associations-en">Consumers’ associations</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-change">Control (change)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-notion">Control (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cooperation-between-competition-authorities-en">Cooperation between competition authorities</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/coordinated-effects">Coordinated effects</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/copyright">Copyright</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corruption">Corruption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cost-based-access">Cost-based access</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cournot-nash-equilibrium">Cournot (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/criminal-sanctions">Criminal sanctions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cross-subsidisation">Cross subsidisation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="d"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">d</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/damages">Damages</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/de-minimis-notice">De minimis notice</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/digital-markets-act">Digital Markets Act</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/direct-effect">Direct effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/discriminatory-practices">Discriminatory practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/distribution-agreement">Distribution agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/divestiture">Divestiture</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion">Dominance (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/downstream-market-117440">Downstream market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="e"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">e</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/echr">ECHR</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-analysis">Economic analysis</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-efficiency">Economic efficiency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economies-of-scale">Economies of scale </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ecosystem-failures">Ecosystem Failures</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effect-on-trade-between-member-states">Effect on trade between Member States</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effective-judicial-protection">Effective judicial protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effects-doctrine-118100">Effects doctrine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/efta-surveillance-authority-esa-court">EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/environmental-protection-en">Environmental protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/error-costs-108946">Error costs</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/essential-facility">Essential facility</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/european-competition-network-ecn-en">European Competition Network (ECN)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/excessive-prices-en">Excessive prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exchange-of-information">Exchanges of information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusionary-practice">Exclusionary practice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exclusive-distribution-12218">Exclusive distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-purchasing-en">Exclusive purchasing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-right-art-106-tfeu">Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusivity-clause">Exclusivity clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exhaustion">Exhaustion </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Extra-territoriality">Extra-territoriality</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="f"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">f</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Failing-firm-defence">Failing firm defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fidelity-rebates">Fidelity rebates</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Fine">Fine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fintech">Fintech</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreclosure-117887">Foreclosure</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-direct-investment-fdi">Foreign direct investment (FDI)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-subsidies">Foreign Subsidies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/form-co">Form CO (EU) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/frand">FRAND</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Free-riding">Free riding </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="g"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">g</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/geographic-market">Geographic market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corporate-group">Group of undertakings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/group-purchasing-organization">Group purchasing organization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/guidelines-119080">Guidelines</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/gun-jumping">Gun jumping</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="h"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">h</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/hard-core-restrictions">Hard core restrictions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Hearing-officer">Hearing officer </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/horizontal-agreement">Horizontal cooperation agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/hsr-filing-us-108854">HSR Filing (US)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="i"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">i</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/independence-and-impartiality">Independence and impartiality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/individual-exemption-86377">Individual exemption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/industrial-policy">Industrial policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/intellectual-property-right-en">Intellectual property right</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/inter-brand-competition">Inter-brand competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Interim-measures">Interim measures </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-co-operation">International co-operation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-competition-network-icn">International competition network (ICN) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/investigations-inquiries-en">Investigations / inquiries</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="j"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">j</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/judicial-review">Judicial review</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="k"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">k</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Know-how">Know-how </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="l"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">l</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/legal-privilege">Legal privilege</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Leniency-programme">Leniency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/lerner-index">Lerner index</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/letter-of-formal-notice-118055">Letter of formal notice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/licensing">Licensing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/limitation-period-119083">Limitation Period </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="m"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">m</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/margin-squeeze">Margin squeeze</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/marginal-costs">Marginal costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-economy-investor">Market economy investor</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-power">Market power</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-share">Market share </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/media-pluralism">Media pluralism</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-notion-12318-en">Merger (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-prohibition">Merger (prohibition)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-withdrawal-118046">Merger (withdrawal)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Merger-control-procedure">Merger control procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-remedies-100323">Merger remedies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/minority-shareholdings-89176">Minority shareholdings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/misinformation">Misinformation</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/mobility-barriers-117741">Mobility Barriers</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Monopoly">Monopoly </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="n"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">n</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/ne-bis-in-idem-86490">Ne bis in idem</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/negative-clearance-118047">Negative clearance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Network-effect">Network effect </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-compete-obligation-12156-en">Non-compete obligation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-horizontal-mergers">Non-Horizontal Mergers </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/notification-12310">Notification</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/nullity">Nullity </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="o"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">o</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly">Oligopoly </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/online-platforms">Online Platforms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="p"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">p</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/parallel-imports-parallel-trade-en">Parallel imports (parallel trade)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/passing-on-en">Passing-on</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Passive-sales">Passive sales </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/patents">Patents</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/pay-for-delay">Pay-for-delay</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/periodic-penalty-payment">Periodic penalty payment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/potential-competition">Potential competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/predatory-pricing">Predatory pricing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/preliminary-rulings-art-267-tfue">Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-discrimination-en">Price discrimination </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-leadership">Price leadership</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-signaling">Price signalling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-fixing-agreement">Price-fixing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/prices-en">Prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equal-treatment">Principle of equal treatment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equivalence">Principle of equivalence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-proportionality">Principle of proportionality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privacy-and-data-protection">Privacy and data protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/private-enforcement">Private enforcement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privatization-en">Privatization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/procedural-autonomy">Procedural autonomy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/professional-association-86373-en">Professional association</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/public-procurement">Public procurement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Public-undertaking">Public undertaking</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="r"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">r</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/r-d-agreement">R&D agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/case-referral-system-mergers">Referral (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/refusal-to-deal">Refusal to deal</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/the-registry-of-the-general-court-of-the-european-union">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Relevant-market">Relevant market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/remedies-antitrust-en">Remedies (antitrust)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/request-for-information">Request for information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-below-cost-en">Resale below cost </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-price-maintenance-rpm">Resale price maintenance (RPM)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/restriction-on-exportation">Restriction on exportation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/rule-of-reason">Rule of reason</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="s"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">s</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/sunk-costs-117836"> Sunk Costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sector-inquiry">Sector inquiry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/selective-distribution">Selective distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/self-preference-111802">Self-Preference</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Services-of-general-economic">Services of general economic interest </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Single-branding">Single branding </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sole-control">Sole control</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/specialization-agreements">Specialization agreements </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Spill-over-effects">Spill-over effects </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/standard-essential-patent-sep">Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-action-defense">State action defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-compatibility">State aid (compatibility)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-existing-aid">State aid (existing aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en">State aid (notification)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid">State aid (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery">State aid (recovery) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-unlawful-aid">State aid (unlawful aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/State-measure">State measure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Statement-of-objections-SO">Statement of objections (SO) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Substitutability">Substitutability </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sustainability">Sustainability</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/switching-costs">Switching Costs</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="t"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">t</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/technology-transfer">Technology transfer</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/test-siec-merger-en">Test SIEC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-slc-src-sdc-tests">Test SLC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/tipping">Tipping</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/business-secrets">Trade Secrets</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trademark">Trademark</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trustee-mergers-en">Trustee (mergers)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/turnover-threshold-merger">Turnover threshold (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/two-sided-market">Two-sided market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="u"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">u</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/undertaking-notion">Undertaking (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/unfair-competition">Unfair competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/universal-service-118054">Universal Service</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/upstream-market">Upstream market </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="v"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">v</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/variable-costs">Variable costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Vertical-agreement">Vertical agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/vertical-restraints-or-restrictions">Vertical restraints (or restrictions)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="w"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">w</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/White-clause">White clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/withdrawal-of-the-benefit-of-a-block-exemption">Withdrawal (of the benefit of a block exemption)</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ // hack on appelle 1 scrollspy sur body et 1 sur window pour pas les melanger jQuery(window).scrollspy({ target: '#menu-definition', offset: 130 }); jQuery('body').scrollspy({ target: '#definition-index', offset: 130 }); jQuery(document).scrollspy({ target: '#related-index', offset: 130 }); // Affichage de l'index var $btn_index 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