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<span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Potential concerns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Potential_concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Potential concerns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Potential_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Data security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Longevity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longevity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Longevity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longevity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Accessibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitations_of_Service_Level_Agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitations_of_Service_Level_Agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Limitations of Service Level Agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limitations_of_Service_Level_Agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Other concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybrid_cloud_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid_cloud_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hybrid cloud storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrid_cloud_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cloud storage</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="تخزين سحابي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخزين سحابي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইন্টারনেট সংরক্ষণাগার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্টারনেট সংরক্ষণাগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Облачно съхранение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Облачно съхранение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmagatzematge_al_n%C3%BAvol" title="Emmagatzematge al núvol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emmagatzematge al núvol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudov%C3%A9_%C3%BAlo%C5%BEi%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Cloudové úložiště – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cloudové úložiště" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αποθηκευτικό νέφος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποθηκευτικό νέφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almacenamiento_en_nube" title="Almacenamiento en nube – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Almacenamiento en nube" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ذخیره سازی ابری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذخیره سازی ابری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="클라우드 스토리지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클라우드 스토리지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="क्लाउड स्टोरेज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्लाउड स्टोरेज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyimpanan_awan" title="Penyimpanan awan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyimpanan awan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilifu_lokuqoqonga" title="Ilifu lokuqoqonga – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ilifu lokuqoqonga" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cloud storage" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%9F" title="אחסון ענן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אחסון ענן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Маалыматтарды булутта сактоо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Маалыматтарды булутта сактоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyimpanan_awan" title="Penyimpanan awan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyimpanan awan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="क्लाउड स्टोरेज – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्लाउड स्टोरेज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%89%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="クラウドストレージ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クラウドストレージ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylagring" title="Skylagring – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skylagring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulutli_saqlash" title="Bulutli saqlash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bulutli saqlash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armazenamento_em_nuvem" title="Armazenamento em nuvem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Armazenamento em nuvem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuyu_hallch%27ana" title="Phuyu hallch'ana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Phuyu hallch'ana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Облачная система хранения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Облачная система хранения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruajtja_n%C3%AB_Re" title="Ruajtja në Re – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ruajtja në Re" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Складиштење података на облаку – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Складиштење података на облаку" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnlagring" title="Molnlagring – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Molnlagring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மேக சேமிப்பகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேக சேமிப்பகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulut_depolama" title="Bulut depolama – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bulut depolama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Хмарні сховища – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хмарні сховища" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0u_tr%E1%BB%AF_%C4%91%C3%A1m_m%C3%A2y" title="Lưu trữ đám mây – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưu trữ đám mây" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8" title="云存储 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="云存储" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8" title="云存储 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="云存储" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q914359#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cloud_storage" rel="discussion" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Model of computer data storage</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about enterprise-level cloud data storage. For consumer-level file hosting services, see <a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">file hosting service</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cloud Drive" redirects here. For the product formerly known as Amazon Cloud Drive, see <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Drive" title="Amazon Drive">Amazon Drive</a>.</div> <p><b>Cloud storage</b> is a model of <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">computer data storage</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">data</a>, said to be on "<b>the cloud</b>", is stored <a href="/wiki/Teleoperation" title="Teleoperation">remotely</a> in logical <a href="/wiki/Pooling_(resource_management)" title="Pooling (resource management)">pools</a> and is accessible to users over a network, typically the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Storage_virtualization" title="Storage virtualization">physical storage</a> spans multiple <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a> (sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> provider. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data <a href="/wiki/Availability" title="Availability">available</a> and <a href="/wiki/Data_access" title="Data access">accessible</a>, and the physical environment secured, protected, and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store user, organization, or application data. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud storage service">Cloud storage services</a> may be accessed through a <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocated</a> <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> service, a <a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">web service</a> <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) or by applications that use the API, such as <a href="/wiki/Cloud_desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud desktop">cloud desktop</a> storage, a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">cloud storage gateway</a> or <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">Web</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management systems</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cloud computing is believed to have been invented by <a href="/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider" title="J. C. R. Licklider">J. C. R. Licklider</a> in the 1960s with his work on <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a> to connect people and data from anywhere at any time.<sup id="cite_ref-origin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-origin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> offered its consumer users a small amount of disk space that could be used to store any files they chose to upload.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> launched PersonaLink Services, an online platform for personal and business communication and entrepreneurship. The storage was one of the first to be all web-based, and referenced in their commercials as, "you can think of our electronic meeting place as the cloud."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> introduced their cloud storage service <a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">Amazon S3</a> in 2006, and has gained widespread recognition and adoption as the storage supplier to popular services such as <a href="/wiki/SmugMug" title="SmugMug">SmugMug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pinterest" title="Pinterest">Pinterest</a>. In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Box_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (company)">Box</a> announced an online file sharing and personal cloud content management service for businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cloud_storage_architecture.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cloud_storage_architecture.png/220px-Cloud_storage_architecture.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cloud_storage_architecture.png/330px-Cloud_storage_architecture.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cloud_storage_architecture.png/440px-Cloud_storage_architecture.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>A high level architecture of cloud storage</figcaption></figure> <p>Cloud storage is based on highly virtualized infrastructure and is like broader <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> in terms of interfaces, near-instant elasticity and <a href="/wiki/Scalability" title="Scalability">scalability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multi-tenancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-tenancy">multi-tenancy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metered" class="mw-redirect" title="Metered">metered</a> resources. Cloud storage services can be used from an off-premises service (<a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">Amazon S3</a>) or deployed on-premises (ViON Capacity Services).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are three types of cloud storage: a hosted <a href="/wiki/Object_storage" title="Object storage">object storage</a> service, <a href="/wiki/File_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="File storage">file storage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Block_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Block storage">block storage</a>. Each of these cloud storage types offer their own unique advantages. </p><p>Examples of object storage services that can be hosted and deployed with cloud storage characteristics include <a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">Amazon S3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud#Infrastructure_as_a_Service_(IaaS)_and_Platform_as_a_Service_(PaaS)" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud Storage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> Storage, object storage software like <a href="/wiki/OpenStack#Object_storage_(Swift)" title="OpenStack">Openstack Swift</a>, object storage systems like <a href="/wiki/EMC_Atmos" title="EMC Atmos">EMC Atmos</a>, EMC ECS and Hitachi Content Platform, and distributed storage research projects like OceanStore<sup id="cite_ref-oceanstore_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oceanstore-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and VISION Cloud.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of file storage services include <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_File_System" title="Amazon Elastic File System">Amazon Elastic File System</a> (EFS) and <a href="/wiki/Qumulo" title="Qumulo">Qumulo Core</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used for applications that need access to shared files and require a file system. This storage is often supported with a <a href="/wiki/Network_Attached_Storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Attached Storage">Network Attached Storage</a> (NAS) server, used for large content repositories, development environments, media stores, or user home directories. </p><p>A block storage service like <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Block_Store" title="Amazon Elastic Block Store">Amazon Elastic Block Store</a> (EBS) is used for other enterprise applications like databases and often require dedicated, low latency storage for each host. This is comparable in certain respects to <a href="/wiki/Direct_attached_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct attached storage">direct attached storage</a> (DAS) or a <a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">storage area network</a> (SAN). </p><p>Cloud storage is:<sup id="cite_ref-oceanstore_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oceanstore-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Made up of many distributed resources, but still acts as one, either in a <a href="/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)" title="Federation (information technology)">federated</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_storage_cloud" title="Cooperative storage cloud">cooperative storage cloud</a> architecture</li> <li>Highly fault tolerant through redundancy and distribution of data</li> <li>Highly durable through the creation of versioned copies</li> <li>Typically <a href="/wiki/Eventual_consistency" title="Eventual consistency">eventually consistent</a> with regard to data replicas<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages">Advantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Companies need only pay for the storage they actually use, typically an average of consumption during a month, quarter, or year.<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This does not mean that cloud storage is less expensive, only that it incurs operating expenses rather than capital expenses.</li> <li>Businesses using cloud storage can cut their energy consumption by up to 70% making them a more green business.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Organizations can choose between off-premises and on-premises cloud storage options, or a mixture of the two options, depending on relevant decision criteria that is complementary to initial direct cost savings potential; for instance, continuity of operations (COOP), disaster recovery (DR), security (PII, HIPAA, SARBOX, IA/CND), and records retention laws, regulations, and policies.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Storage availability and <a href="/wiki/Data_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Data protection">data protection</a> is intrinsic to object storage architecture, so depending on the application, the additional technology, effort and cost to add availability and protection can be eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Storage maintenance tasks, such as purchasing additional storage capacity, are offloaded to the responsibility of a service provider.<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cloud storage provides users with immediate access to a broad range of resources and applications hosted in the infrastructure of another organization via a web service interface.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cloud storage can be used for copying <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual machine image">virtual machine images</a> from the cloud to on-premises locations or to import a virtual machine image from an on-premises location to the cloud image library. In addition, cloud storage can be used to move virtual machine images between user accounts or between data centers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cloud storage can be used as natural disaster proof backup, as normally there are 2 or 3 different backup servers located in different places around the globe.</li> <li>Cloud storage can be mapped as a local drive with the <a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a> protocol. It can function as a central file server for organizations with multiple office locations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potential_concerns">Potential concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Potential concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_security">Data security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Data security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Cloud computing security</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a> data storage increases the <a href="/wiki/Attack_surface" title="Attack surface">attack surface area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>When data has been distributed it is stored at more locations increasing the risk of unauthorized physical access to the data. For example, in cloud based architecture, data is replicated and moved frequently so the risk of unauthorized data recovery increases dramatically. Such as in the case of disposal of old equipment, reuse of drives, reallocation of storage space. The manner that data is replicated depends on the service level a customer chooses and on the service provided. When encryption is in place it can ensure confidentiality. <a href="/wiki/Crypto-shredding" title="Crypto-shredding">Crypto-shredding</a> can be used when disposing of data (on a <a href="/wiki/Disk_encryption" title="Disk encryption">disk</a>).</li> <li>The number of people with access to the data who could be compromised (e.g., bribed, or coerced) increases dramatically. A single company might have a small team of administrators, network engineers, and technicians, but a cloud storage company will have many customers and thousands of servers, therefore a much larger team of technical staff with physical and electronic access to almost all of the data at the entire facility or perhaps the entire company.<sup id="cite_ref-ICS_1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICS_1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decryption keys that are kept by the service user, as opposed to the service provider, limit access to data by service provider employees. As for sharing multiple data in the cloud with multiple users, a large number of keys has to be distributed to users via secure channels for decryption, also it has to be securely stored and managed by the users in their devices. Storing these keys requires rather expensive secure storage. To overcome that, key-aggregate cryptosystem<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be used.</li> <li>It increases the number of networks over which the data travels. Instead of just a local area network (LAN) or storage area network (SAN), data stored on a cloud requires a WAN (wide area network) to connect them both.</li> <li>By sharing storage and networks with many other users/customers it is possible for other customers to access your data. Sometimes because of erroneous actions, faulty equipment, a bug and sometimes because of criminal intent. This risk applies to all types of storage and not only cloud storage. The risk of having data read during transmission can be mitigated through encryption technology. Encryption in transit protects data as it is being transmitted to and from the cloud service.<sup id="cite_ref-MC_1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC_1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Encryption at rest protects data that is stored at the service provider. Encrypting data in an on-premises cloud service on-ramp system can provide both kinds of encryption protection.</li></ol> <p>There are several options available to avoid security issues. One option is to use a private cloud instead of a public cloud. Another option is to ingest data in an encrypted format where the key is held within the on-premise infrastructure. To this end, access is often by use of on-premise <a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">cloud storage gateways</a> that have options to encrypt the data prior of transfer.<sup id="cite_ref-searchstorage1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-searchstorage1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longevity">Longevity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Longevity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Financial_statement_analysis" title="Financial statement analysis">Financial statement analysis</a></div> <p>Companies are not permanent and the services and products they provide can change. Outsourcing data storage to another company needs careful investigation and nothing is ever certain. Contracts set in stone can be worthless when a company ceases to exist or its circumstances change. Companies can:<sup id="cite_ref-netwk-wld-cloud_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netwk-wld-cloud-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-comp-world-longshut_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comp-world-longshut-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-netwk-wld-goesdark_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netwk-wld-goesdark-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Go bankrupt.</li> <li>Expand and change their focus.</li> <li>Be purchased by other larger companies.</li> <li>Be purchased by a company headquartered in or move to a country that negates compliance with <a href="/wiki/Export_restrictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Export restrictions">export restrictions</a> and thus necessitates a move.</li> <li>Suffer an irrecoverable disaster.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessibility">Accessibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Accessibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Performance for outsourced storage is likely to be lower than local storage, depending on how much a customer is willing to spend for WAN bandwidth<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reliability and availability depends on wide area network availability and on the level of precautions taken by the service provider. Reliability should be based on hardware as well as various algorithms used.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limitations_of_Service_Level_Agreements">Limitations of Service Level Agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Limitations of Service Level Agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically, cloud storage <a href="/wiki/Service-level_agreement" title="Service-level agreement">Service Level Agreements</a> (SLAs) do not encompass all forms of service interruptions. Exclusions typically include planned maintenance, downtime resulting from external factors such as network issues, <a href="/wiki/Human_error" title="Human error">human errors</a> like misconfigurations, <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disasters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Force_majeure" title="Force majeure">force majeure</a> events, or <a href="/wiki/Data_breach" title="Data breach">security breaches</a>. Typically, customers bear the responsibility of monitoring SLA compliance and must file claims for any unmet SLAs within a designated timeframe. Customers should be aware of how deviations from SLAs are calculated, as these parameters may vary by other services offered within the same provider. These requirements can place a considerable burden on customers. Additionally, SLA percentages and conditions can differ across various services within the same provider, with some services lacking any SLA altogether. In cases of service interruptions due to hardware failures in the cloud provider, service providers typically do not offer monetary compensation. Instead, eligible users may receive credits as outlined in the corresponding SLA. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_concerns">Other concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Security of <a href="/wiki/Data_at_rest" title="Data at rest">stored data</a> and <a href="/wiki/Data_in_transit" title="Data in transit">data in transit</a> may be a concern when storing sensitive data at a cloud storage provider<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Users with specific records-keeping requirements, such as public agencies that must retain electronic records according to statute, may encounter complications with using cloud computing and storage. For instance, the U.S. Department of Defense designated the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) to maintain a list of records management products that meet all of the records retention, <a href="/wiki/Personally_identifiable_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Personally identifiable information">personally identifiable information</a> (PII), and security (Information Assurance; IA) requirements<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cloud storage is a rich resource for both hackers and national security agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the cloud holds data from many different users and organizations, hackers see it as a very valuable target.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Piracy and copyright infringement may be enabled by sites that permit filesharing. For example, the CodexCloud ebook storage site has faced litigation from the owners of the intellectual property uploaded and shared there, as have the <a href="/wiki/Grooveshark" title="Grooveshark">Grooveshark</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> sites it has been compared to.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The legal aspect, from a regulatory compliance standpoint, is of concern when storing files domestically and especially internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The resources used to produce large data centers, especially those needed to power them, is causing nations to drastically increase their energy production. This can lead to further climate damaging implications.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hybrid_cloud_storage">Hybrid cloud storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hybrid cloud storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_cloud_storage" title="Hybrid cloud storage">Hybrid cloud storage</a></div> <p>Hybrid cloud storage is a term for a storage infrastructure that uses a combination of on-premises storage resources with cloud storage. The on-premises storage is usually managed by the organization, while the public cloud storage provider is responsible for the management and security of the data stored in the cloud.<sup id="cite_ref-jones1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hybrid cloud storage can be implemented by an on-premises <a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">cloud storage gateway</a> that presents a file system or object storage interface which the users can access in the same way they would access a local storage system. The cloud storage gateway transparently transfers the data to and from the cloud storage service, providing low latency access to the data through a local cache.<sup id="cite_ref-searchstorage1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-searchstorage1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hybrid cloud storage can be used to supplement an organization's internal storage resources, or it can be used as the primary storage infrastructure. In either case, hybrid cloud storage can provide organizations with greater flexibility and scalability than traditional on-premises storage infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-jones1_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several benefits to using hybrid cloud storage, including the ability to <a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">cache</a> frequently used data on-site for quick access, while inactive <a href="/wiki/Cold_data" title="Cold data">cold data</a> is stored off-site in the cloud. This can save space, reduce storage costs and improve performance. Additionally, hybrid cloud storage can provide organizations with greater redundancy and fault tolerance, as data is stored in both on-premises and cloud storage infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-jones1_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 29em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Block-level_storage" title="Block-level storage">Block-level storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_collaboration" title="Cloud collaboration">Cloud collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Data_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Data Management Interface">Cloud Data Management Interface</a>, better known as CDMI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_database" title="Cloud database">Cloud database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_online_backup_services" title="Comparison of online backup services">Comparison of online backup services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">File hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_storage" title="Mobile cloud storage">Mobile cloud storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_storage_cloud" title="Cooperative storage cloud">Cooperative storage cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Storage" title="Google Cloud Storage">Google Cloud Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_storage_cloud" title="Cooperative storage cloud">Cooperative storage cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog_computing" title="Fog computing">Fog computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_computing" title="Edge computing">Edge computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_edge_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile edge computing">Mobile edge computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dew_computing" title="Dew computing">Dew computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_networking" title="Distributed networking">Distributed networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Data cluster">Data cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_(computing)" title="Directory (computing)">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_file_system" title="Clustered file system">Clustered file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed file system">Distributed file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_data_store" title="Distributed data store">Distributed data store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_database" title="Distributed database">Distributed database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud research">Cloud research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-memory_database" title="In-memory database">In-memory database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-memory_processing" title="In-memory processing">In-memory processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_aggregation" title="Disk aggregation">Disk aggregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_disk" title="Logical disk">Logical disk</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_storage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-origin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-origin_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchstorage/definition/hybrid-cloud-storage">"Hybrid Cloud Storage"</a>. <i>SearchStorage</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SearchStorage&rft.atitle=Hybrid+Cloud+Storage&rft.date=2019-07&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techtarget.com%2Fsearchstorage%2Fdefinition%2Fhybrid-cloud-storage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACloud+storage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Cloud_database" title="Cloud database">Cloud database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud-native_computing" title="Cloud-native computing">Cloud-native computing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cloud storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">Cloud storage gateways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">Data centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dew_computing" title="Dew computing">Dew computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Mobile cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cloud_application" title="Native cloud application">Native cloud application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_cloud" title="Personal cloud">Personal cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serverless_computing" title="Serverless computing">Serverless computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_structured_storage_software" title="Comparison of structured storage software">Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">Virtual appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_API" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_cloud" title="Virtual private cloud">Virtual private cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (company)">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">HP Cloud</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Office 365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owncloud" class="mw-redirect" 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Storage">Inktank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelastic" title="Jelastic">Jelastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MindSphere" title="MindSphere">MindSphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OutSystems" title="OutSystems">OutSystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenQRM" title="OpenQRM">openQRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PythonAnywhere" title="PythonAnywhere">PythonAnywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RightScale" title="RightScale">RightScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalr" title="Scalr">Scalr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce#Force.com" title="Salesforce">Force.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Cloud_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP Cloud Platform">SAP Cloud Platform</a></li> <li><a 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