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urejati</span></a></li><li id="n-Izbrani-članki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izbrani_%C4%8Dlanki"><span>Izbrani članki</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Naklju%C4%8Dno" title="Naložite naključno stran [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Naključna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe" title="Seznam zadnjih sprememb Wikipedije [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Zadnje spremembe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-obcestvo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-obcestvo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skupnost </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Vsebina" title="Kraj, kjer lahko prejmete pomoč"><span>Pomoč</span></a></li><li id="n-Pod-lipo" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Pod_lipo"><span>Pod lipo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" 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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=%C5%A0ifra" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=%C5%A0ifra" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl"><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=%C5%A0ifra" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ustvari račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=%C5%A0ifra" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologija_šifre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologija_šifre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologija šifre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologija_šifre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Razlika_med_šiframi_in_kodami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Razlika_med_šiframi_in_kodami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Razlika med šiframi in kodami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Razlika_med_šiframi_in_kodami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vrste_šifer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vrste_šifer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vrste šifer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vrste_šifer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šifre_v_zgodovini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šifre_v_zgodovini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Šifre v zgodovini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šifre_v_zgodovini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Šifra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 36 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85" title="معم – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eifr" title="Şifr – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şifr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%80" title="Шыфр – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шыфр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Шифър – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шифър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="সাংকেতিক লিপি – bengalščina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাংকেতিক লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypteringsalgoritme" title="Krypteringsalgoritme – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krypteringsalgoritme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verschl%C3%BCsselungsverfahren" title="Verschlüsselungsverfahren – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verschlüsselungsverfahren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher" title="Cipher – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cipher" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoritmo_criptogr%C3%A1fico" title="Algoritmo criptográfico – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Algoritmo criptográfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1" title="سایفر – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سایفر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiffre_(cryptologie)" title="Chiffre (cryptologie) – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chiffre (cryptologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAnscr%C3%ADobh" title="Rúnscríobh – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rúnscríobh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandi_(kriptografi)" title="Sandi (kriptografi) – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sandi (kriptografi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifrario" title="Cifrario – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cifrario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შიფრი – gruzijščina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შიფრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80" title="Шифр – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шифр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8_(%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%95%99)" title="암호 (암호학) – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암호 (암호학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80" title="Шифр – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шифр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifer" title="Sifer – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sifer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiffer" title="Chiffer – novonorveščina" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Chiffer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novonorveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiffer" title="Chiffer – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chiffer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szyfr" title="Szyfr – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szyfr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifra" title="Cifra – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cifra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80" title="Шифр – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шифр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%81%D9%8A%DB%81_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="خفيہ تحرير – sindščina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خفيہ تحرير" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ifra" title="Šifra – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šifra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypher" title="Cypher – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cypher" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шифра – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шифра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypto" title="Krypto – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Krypto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipero" title="Sipero – tagalogščina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sipero" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eifre" title="Şifre – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şifre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80" title="Шифр – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шифр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shifratorlar" title="Shifratorlar – uzbeščina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shifratorlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC" title="密碼 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="密碼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80m-b%C3%A9-hoat" title="Àm-bé-hoat – min nan kitajščina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Àm-bé-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher" title="Cipher – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Cipher" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4681865#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ifra" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogovor:%C5%A0ifra&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani (stran ne obstaja) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenščina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ifra"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Orodja</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Več možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dejanja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ifra"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=history"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Splošno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:KajSePovezujeSem/%C5%A0ifra" title="Seznam vseh strani, ki se povezujejo sem [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kaj se povezuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:RecentChangesLinked/%C5%A0ifra" rel="nofollow" title="Zadnje spremembe na straneh, s katerimi se povezuje ta stran [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane spremembe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:PosebneStrani" title="Seznam vseh posebnih strani [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne strani</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&oldid=5230024" title="Trajna povezava na to redakcijo strani"><span>Trajna povezava</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=info" title="Več informacij o tej strani"><span>Podatki o strani</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Navedi&page=%C5%A0ifra&id=5230024&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tem, kako navajati to stran"><span>Navedba članka</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C5%25A0ifra"><span>Pridobi skrajšani 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6309535">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Popravi plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Ta članek <b>potrebuje čiščenje. Pri urejanju upoštevaj pravila <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Slogovni_priro%C4%8Dnik" title="Wikipedija:Slogovni priročnik">slogovnega priročnika</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Predloga:Popravi/dok" title="Predloga:Popravi/dok">Razlog za čiščenje</a> ni podan. Prosimo, da <a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=edit">nam pomagaš izboljšati ta članek</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Šifra</b> ali <b>šifriranje</b> je v <a href="/wiki/Kriptografija" title="Kriptografija">kriptografiji</a> <a href="/wiki/Algoritem" title="Algoritem">algoritem</a> za izvrševanje <a href="/wiki/Enkripcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Enkripcija">enkripcije</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekripcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekripcija (stran ne obstaja)">dekripcije</a>. </p><p>To so serije dobro definiranih korakov, ki jim sledimo kot proceduri. Alternativni termin je dešifriranje. Pri ne-tehnološki uporabi ima šifra enak pomen kot koda, vendar se v kriptografiji koncepta razlikujeta. V klasični kriptografiji se šifre razločujejo od kod. Kode operirajo z nadomeščanjem glede na veliko kodno knjigo, ki povezuje slučajne nize znakov ali številk, v besedo ali frazo. Na primer »<i>UQJHSE</i>« je lahko koda za: <i>»Nadaljevati do sledečih koordinat.«</i> <i></i> Originalna informacija je znana kot čisti tekst in enkritpirana forma kot šifriran tekst. Sporočilo šifriranega teksta vsebuje vse informacije sporočila čistega teksta, vendar tega formata človek ali računalnik ne more prebrati brez primernega mehanizma za dekripcijo. Za tiste, ki ni predviden, da ga berejo, je lahko podoben slučajnemu žlobudranju. </p><p>Delovanje šifre je po navadi odvisno od dela pomožne informacije, ki se ji reče ključ, ali po tradicionalnem NSA izražanju kriptovariabla. Procedura enkripcije varira odvisno od ključa, ki spremeni detajlne informacije algoritma. Ključ mora biti izbran pred uporabo šifre za enkricpijo sporočila. Brez poznavanja ključa bi bilo težko, če ne celo nemogoče, dekriptirati izvorne šifre v bralni čisti tekst. </p><p>Večino modernih šifer je lahko razporejenih na različne načine: - Po tem če delujejo na blokih simbolov, po navadi določene velikosti (bločne šifre) ali na neskončnem nizu simbolov (šifre na nizu). - Po tem če je isti ključ uporabljen tako pri enkripciji kot pri dekripciji (algoritmi simetričnega ključa) ali če je za vsako stvar uporabljen drug ključ (algoritmi nesimetričnih ključev). Če je algoritem simetričen, potem mora biti ključ znan prejemniku in nikomur drugem. Če pa je algoritem nesimetričen, potem je šifrirni ključ različen, a tesno povezan, od odšifrirnega ključa. Če en ključ ne more biti izpeljan iz drugega, potem ima algoritem asimetričnega ključa ključ v javni lasti in eden od teh ključev mora biti narejen javno brez izgube zaupnosti. Feistlova šifra uporablja kombinacijo nadomestnih in prenosnih tehnik. Večina algoritmov bločne šifre temelji na tej strukturi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Etimologija_šifre"><span id="Etimologija_.C5.A1ifre"></span>Etimologija šifre</h1><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Etimologija šifre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Etimologija šifre"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Šifra (v srednjeveški francoščini kot cifre in v srednjeveški latinščini kot cifra, iz arabščine sifr = nič) je alternativno črkovano kot cifra (ta inačica je danes redkejše uporabljena in tako pogosto smatrana za napačno). </p><p>Beseda »šifra« je v prejšnjih časih pomenila »nič« in imata isti izvor, kasneje je bila uporabljena za kakršnokoli decimalno števko, celo za katerokoli številko. Tu so te teorije o tem kako je beseda šifra dobila pomen šifriranja (encoding): - Šifriranje pogosto vsebuje številke. - Rimski sistem števil je bil zelo okoren, ker ni bilo nobenega koncepta ničle (ali praznega prostora). Koncept ničle (ki so ji prav tako rekli šifra), ki se nam danes zdi naraven, je bil zelo tuj v srednjeveški Evropi, tako zmeden in dvoumen za tedanje Evropejce, da bi v debatah ljudje rekli: »Govori jasneje in ne tako zavito kot v šifrah.« Šifra je tako pomenila skrivališče čistih sporočil enkripcije. o Francozi so oblikovali besedo »chiffre« in posvojili italijansko besedo »zero«. o Angleži so uporabljali »zero« za »0« in »šifro« iz besede »šifrirati«, ki je pomenila računanje. o Nemci os uporabljali besedi »Ziffer« in »Chiffre«. </p><p><br /> Dr. Al-Kadi je sklenil, da se je arabska beseda »sfir«, za številsko ničlo razvila v evropejski tehnični termin za enkripcijo. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Razlika_med_šiframi_in_kodami"><span id="Razlika_med_.C5.A1iframi_in_kodami"></span>Razlika med šiframi in kodami</h1><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Razlika med šiframi in kodami" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Razlika med šiframi in kodami"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pri ne-tehnični uporabi (skrivna) koda po navadi pomeni »šifro«. Znotraj tehničnih diskusij pa se besedi »šifra« in »koda« nanašata na dva različna koncepta. Kode delujejo na stopnji pomenov. To je, da so besede ali fraze preoblikovane v nekaj drugega in to kosanje po navadi skrajša sporočilo. Na drugi strani pa šifre delujejo na nižji stopnji, na stopnji individualnih črk, majhni skupini črk, v modernih shemah, v individualnih koščkih. Nekateri sistemi uporabljajo tako kode kot šifre v enem sistemu, tako da uporabijo superenchiperment, da bi povečali varnost. V nekaterih primerih sta termina koda in šifra prav tako uporabljena kot sinonima tako za substitucijo kot za transpozicijo. </p><p>Historično gledano se je kriptografija zlila v dihotomijo kod in šifer; in kodiranje kot svoja terminologija analogno za šifre v kodiranje, kodirni tekst, dekodiranje in tako naprej. </p><p>Kakorkoli, kode imajo kopico slabih strani, vključno z dovzetnostjo za kriptoanalizo in težavnostnim upravljanjem okorne kodirne knjige. Zaradi tega so kode padle v neuporabo v moderni krpitografiji, šifre pa so postale dominantna tehnika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Vrste_šifer"><span id="Vrste_.C5.A1ifer"></span>Vrste šifer</h1><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi razdelek: Vrste šifer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=edit&section=3" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Vrste šifer"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Imamo veliko raznolikost različnih tipov enkripcije. Zgodnejše uporabljeni algoritmi v zgodovini kriptografije so dokazano drugačni od modernih metod. Moderen šifre so lahko zaupne glede na to kako delujejo in glede na to ali se uporabljata eden ali dva ključa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Šifre_v_zgodovini"><span id=".C5.A0ifre_v_zgodovini"></span>Šifre v zgodovini</h1><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi razdelek: Šifre v zgodovini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ifra&action=edit&section=4" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Šifre v zgodovini"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zgodovinske opisne šifre uporabljene v preteklosti so včasih znane kot klasične šifre. Vsebujejo preproste šifre substitucije in šifre transpozicije. Kot primer lahko damo »<i>GOOD DOG</i>«, ki je lahko zašifriran kot »<i>PLLX XLP</i>«, kjer je v sporočilu »L« nadomestek za »O«, »P« za »G in »X« za »D«. Transpozicija črk »GOOD DOG« se lahko izrazi v »<i>DGOGDOO</i>«. Te preproste šifre in primeri so enostavni za razvozlanje celo brez parov šifrirnega ali čistega teksta. </p><p>Enostavne šifre so bile zamenjane s polialfabetičnimi nadomestnimi šiframi, ki so spremenile substitucijo abecede za vsako črko. Če uporabimo kar primer »<i>GOOD DOG</i>«, ki ga lahko enkriptirmo kot »<i>PLSX TWF</i>«, kjer »L« , »S« in »W« nadomeščajo »O«. Celo z malo znanja ali nepoznavanja čistega teksta je preprosto abecedno nadomeščanje šifer in črk, ki temelji na opisni enkripciji enostavno rešiti. </p><p>Preko zgodnjega dvajsetega stoletja so bili izumljeni elektro-mehanični stroji za potrebe enkripcije in dekripcije, ki so temeljili na transpoziciji, abecedni zamenjavi črk in nekakšne dodatne substitucije. V vrtljivih strojih, so posamezni vrtljivi diski zagotavljali abecedno zamenjavo, medtem ko so stikalne plošče zagotavljale drugačno substitucijo. Ključe se je enostavno spreminjalo s spreminjanjem vrtljivih diskov in žic stikalne plošče. Kljub vsemu so bile te metode enkripcije bolj kompleksne od prejšnjih sistemov in so zahtevale stroj za enkripcijo in dekripcijo. 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