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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Portuguese naturalist, explorer (1756–1815)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the mixed martial arts fighter, see <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ferreira_(fighter)" title="Alexandre Ferreira (fighter)">Alexandre Ferreira (fighter)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira.jpg/220px-Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira.jpg/330px-Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira.jpg/440px-Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait, 18th century</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1756-04-27</span>)</span>27 April 1756<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 April 1815<span style="display:none">(1815-04-23)</span> (aged 58)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Expedition to the interior of Brazil</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">Natural science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">Exploration</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>University of Coimbra</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_Ajuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of Ajuda (page does not exist)">Museum of Ajuda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Cabinet_of_Natural_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Cabinet of Natural History (page does not exist)">Royal Cabinet of Natural History</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ViagemPhilosophica01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ViagemPhilosophica01.png/220px-ViagemPhilosophica01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ViagemPhilosophica01.png/330px-ViagemPhilosophica01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ViagemPhilosophica01.png/440px-ViagemPhilosophica01.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>"Philosophical Voyage" of Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1792</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira</b> (27 April 1756 – 23 April 1815) was a Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a> born in <a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a>. He undertook an extensive journey which crossed the interior of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Basin">Amazon Basin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a>, between 1783 and 1792. During this journey, he described the <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a>, and native inhabitants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador, Bahia</a>, the son of the merchant Manuel Rodrigues Ferreira, Ferreira began his studies at the Convent of Mercês, in Bahia, which gave him his first orders in 1768. </p><p>He then studied law and then natural philosophy and mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he received his baccalaureate at age 22. He continued his studies at the institution, where he studied natural history, and obtained his doctorate in 1779. </p><p>He then worked at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Museum_of_Ajuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Museum of Ajuda (page does not exist)">Royal Museum of Ajuda</a>. On 22 March 1780, he was admitted as a corresponding member of the <a href="/wiki/Science_Academy_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Academy of Lisbon">Portuguese Royal Academy of Sciences</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expedition_to_Brazil">Expedition to Brazil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expedition to Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At this time the colonial economy of Brazil was in a state of decadence, having exhausted the <a href="/wiki/Placer_deposit" title="Placer deposit">placer</a> gold of Mato Grosso, <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a>, and, especially, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>. For this reason, the queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I of Portugal</a>, desiring to know more about the central and north of the Brazilian colony, which at that point remained practically unexplored, in order to implement developmental measures, ordered Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, as a naturalist, to undertake a "philosophical voyage through the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy" title="Captaincy">captaincies</a> of Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuiabá." The idea was to provide an impetus for economic exploration and enable conquest of disputed territory. </p><p>In 1783 the naturalist left his post at the Museum of Ajuda, and, in September, left for Brazil to describe, collect, prepare and remit to the Royal Museum of Lisbon samples of tools used by the local population, as well as local minerals, plants, and animals. He was also to write political and philosophical commentaries about what he saw in the places he passed through. This pragmatism was what separated this voyage from other, more scientific, voyages led by other naturalists who explored America. </p><p>With uncertain resources, he counted on two draftsmen or sketchers (<i>riscadores</i>), José Codina, about whom little is known, and José Joaquim Freire, who had an important position in the drawing house of the Museum of Ajuda and frequented the design halls of the Foundry of the Royal Army Arsenal. He was also served by a botanical gardener, Agostinho do Cabo. The voyage was undertaken under auspices of the Academy of Sciences in Lisbon, the Ministry of Business and Ultramarine Dominions, and was planned by the Italian naturalist <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Vandelli" title="Domenico Vandelli">Domenico Vandelli</a>. It was originally planned to include four naturalists, but due to financial cuts, Ferreira was the only one, and on his shoulders lay the responsibilities of collecting species, classifying and preparing specimens for the return journey to Lisbon, and preparing studies about the agriculture and maps of the area. </p><p>In October 1783, he arrived in <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_do_Par%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Belém do Pará">Belém do Pará</a> on the <i>Águia e Coração de Jesus</i> ("Eagle and Heart of Jesus"). The following nine years were dedicated to crossing the central-north of Brazil, from the island of <a href="/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3" title="Marajó">Marajó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camet%C3%A1" title="Cametá">Cametá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bai%C3%A3o,_Par%C3%A1" title="Baião, Pará">Baião</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pederneiras" title="Pederneiras">Pederneiras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alcoba%C3%A7a,_Bahia" title="Alcobaça, Bahia">Alcobaça</a>. </p><p>He went up the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Negro_(Amazon)" title="Rio Negro (Amazon)">Rio Negro</a> to the border with Spanish lands, and navigated up the <a href="/wiki/Branco_River" title="Branco River">Branco River</a> to the mountain of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cananauaru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cananauaru (page does not exist)">Cananauaru</a>. He went up the <a href="/wiki/Madeira_River" title="Madeira River">Madeira River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guapor%C3%A9_River" title="Guaporé River">Guaporé River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vila_Bela_da_Sant%C3%ADssima_Trindade" title="Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade">Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade</a>, then capital of Mato Grosso. He continued through the town of <a href="/wiki/Cuiab%C3%A1" title="Cuiabá">Cuiabá</a>, crossing from the Amazon watershed into the marshes of Mato Grosso, in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prata_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prata River (page does not exist)">Prata River</a> watershed. He followed the <a href="/wiki/Cuiab%C3%A1_River" title="Cuiabá River">Cuiabá</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o_River_(Mato_Grosso)" title="São Lourenço River (Mato Grosso)">São Lourenço</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguai_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguai River">Paraguai Rivers</a>. He returned to Belém do Pará in January 1792. </p><p>He inventoried the flora and fauna, the indigenous communities and their customs, evaluated the economic opportunities and possible places for centers of population. His was the most important voyage of discovery in Brazil during the colonial period.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His "Diary of a Philosophical Voyage" (<i>Diário da Viagem Filosófica</i>) was published in the <i>Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro</i> in 1887. The Division of Manuscripts of the National Library Foundation preserves in the Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira Collection hundreds of documents from Philosophical Voyage, along with other papers relating to the Amazon from the 18th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remittance_to_Portugal">Remittance to Portugal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Remittance to Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During all of the years of exploration of the hinterland, he ordered the material collected to be sent to the royal court. Upon discovering that all of the expenses had been covered by the captain, spending his daughter's dowry, he decided that it wouldn't do to embarrass her marriage, and married his daughter, Germana Pereira de Queiroz, himself on 16 September 1792. </p><p>He returned to Lisbon in January 1793, and dedicated the remainder of his life to metropolitan administration. He was named Official of the Secretary of State of Sea Commerce and Ultramarine Dominions. In 1794 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Christ (Portugal)">Order of Christ</a> and took a post as temporary director of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Cabinet_of_Natural_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Cabinet of Natural History (page does not exist)">Royal Cabinet of Natural History</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_the_University_of_Coimbra" title="Botanical Garden of the University of Coimbra">Botanical Garden of the University of Coimbra</a>. In the following year, he was nominated, in sequence, the Vice Director of the institution, Administrator of the Royal Farms, and Deputy of the Royal Junta of Commerce. He died in Lisbon. </p><p>The material provided by the Philosophical Voyage remained for more than a century unknown and unstudied by Portuguese scholars, not even by Ferreira himself. He never resumed work on the species and samples collected in Brazil, nor refined his records and studies of the journey, and much of the material was taken to Paris as war booty. There remains today, however, a rich archive of diaries, geographic, demographic and agricultural maps, correspondence, more than a thousand boards and records, today kept mainly in the National Library Foundation in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museu_Nacional_de_Hist%C3%B3ria_Natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museu Nacional de História Natural (page does not exist)">Museum Bocage</a> in Lisbon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferreira is commemorated in the scientific names of a genus of Brazilian lizard, <i><a href="/wiki/Alexandresaurus" title="Alexandresaurus">Alexandresaurus</a></i>, a species of Brazilian lizard, <i><a href="/wiki/Loxopholis_ferreirai" title="Loxopholis ferreirai">Loxopholis ferreirai</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_snapper" title="Brazilian snapper">Brazilian snapper</a> (<i>Lutjanus alexandrei</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-ETYFish_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETYFish-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Black_arowana" title="Black arowana">Black Arowana</a></b> <i>Osteoglossum ferreirai</i> is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kellogg, Smith p. 663</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDominguesAlves-Melo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Domingues, Ângela; Alves-Melo, Patrícia (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/lerhistoria/7879">"Iluminismo no mundo luso-brasileiro: um olhar sobre a Viagem Filosófica à Amazónia, 1783-1792 [Enlightenment in the Portuguese-Brazilian World: the Philosophical Journey to the Amazonia, 1783-1792]"</a>. <i>Ler História</i>. <b>78</b> (78): 157–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Flerhistoria.7879">10.4000/lerhistoria.7879</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10451%2F49263">10451/49263</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0870-6182">0870-6182</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:237911928">237911928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ler+Hist%C3%B3ria&rft.atitle=Iluminismo+no+mundo+luso-brasileiro%3A+um+olhar+sobre+a+Viagem+Filos%C3%B3fica+%C3%A0+Amaz%C3%B3nia%2C+1783-1792+%5BEnlightenment+in+the+Portuguese-Brazilian+World%3A+the+Philosophical+Journey+to+the+Amazonia%2C+1783-1792%5D&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=78&rft.pages=157-178&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10451%2F49263&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A237911928%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0870-6182&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Flerhistoria.7879&rft.aulast=Domingues&rft.aufirst=%C3%82ngela&rft.au=Alves-Melo%2C+Patr%C3%ADcia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Flerhistoria%2F7879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexandre+Rodrigues+Ferreira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bo_Beolens" class="extiw" title="species:Bo Beolens">Beolens, Bo</a>; <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michael_Watkins" class="extiw" title="species:Michael Watkins">Watkins, Michael</a>; Grayson, Michael (2011). <i>The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>. ("Alexandre", p. 4; "Ferreira", p. 89).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ETYFish-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ETYFish_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_ScharpfKenneth_J._Lazara2021" class="citation web cs1">Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (5 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/">"Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE"</a>. <i>The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database</i>. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+ETYFish+Project+Fish+Name+Etymology+Database&rft.atitle=Order+LUTJANIFORMES%3A+Families+HAEMULIDAE+and+LUTJANIDAE&rft.date=2021-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetyfish.org%2Flutjaniformes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexandre+Rodrigues+Ferreira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFlFariasbLandines2013" class="citation journal cs1">l, Maria Doris Escobar; Farias, Izeni P.; b, Donald C. Taphorn; Landines, Miguel; Hrbek, Tomas (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1679-62252013000200011">"Molecular diagnosis of the arowanas Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 and O. Bicirrhossum (Cuvier, 1829) from the Orinoco and Amazon River basins"</a>. <i>Neotropical Ichthyology</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 335–340. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1679-62252013000200011">10.1590/S1679-62252013000200011</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neotropical+Ichthyology&rft.atitle=Molecular+diagnosis+of+the+arowanas+Osteoglossum+ferreirai+Kanazawa%2C+1966+and+O.+Bicirrhossum+%28Cuvier%2C+1829%29+from+the+Orinoco+and+Amazon+River+basins&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=335-340&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS1679-62252013000200011&rft.aulast=l&rft.aufirst=Maria+Doris+Escobar&rft.au=Farias%2C+Izeni+P.&rft.au=b%2C+Donald+C.+Taphorn&rft.au=Landines%2C+Miguel&rft.au=Hrbek%2C+Tomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS1679-62252013000200011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexandre+Rodrigues+Ferreira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13109a.htm">"Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira"</a> on-line</li> <li>M. L. Rodrigues Areia, M. A. Miranda, and T. Hartmann. <i>Memória da Amazónia. Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira e a Viagem Philosophica pelas Capitanias do Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuyabá. 1783-1792</i>. Coimbra: Museu e Laboratório Antropológico da Universidade, 1991.</li> <li>Henry Walter Bates. <i>O naturalista no rio Amazonas (2 v.).</i> São Paulo: Editora Nacional, 1944.</li> <li>"Brasiliana da Biblioteca Nacional", Rio de Janeiro, 2001.</li> <li>J. C. M. Carvalho (ed.). <i>Viagem filosófica pelas capitanias do Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuiabá (1783-1793)</i>. Belém: <a href="/wiki/Museu_Paraense_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi" title="Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi</a>, 1983.</li> <li>V. Correia Filho. <i>Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. Vida e obra do grande naturalista brasileiro</i>. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1939.</li> <li>O. R. Cunha. <i>O naturalista Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. Uma análise comparativa de sua viagem filosófica (1783-1793)</i>. Belém:, <a href="/wiki/Museu_Paraense_Em%C3%ADlio_Goeldi" title="Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi</a>, 1991.</li> <li>A. Domingues. <i>Formas de intervenção no espaço amazónico em finais do século XVIII: política e aventura</i>. Dissertação de mestrado. Lisboa: FCSH da UNL, 1988.</li> <li>A. Domingues. "Viagens científicas de exploração à Amazónia de finais do séc. XVIII". <i>Ler História</i>. 19(1990)105-125.</li> <li>A. Domingues. <i>Viagens de exploração geográfica na Amazónia em finais do século XVIII: Política, Ciência e Aventura</i>. Lisboa: Secretaria Regional do Turismo, Cultura e Emigração (Madeira)/Centro de Estudos de História do Atlântico, 1991.</li> <li>A. Domingues. "Os índios da Amazónia para um Naturalista do séc. XVIII". <i>Ler História</i>. 23(1992)3-10.</li> <li>A. Domingues & P. Alves-Melo (2021). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/lerhistoria/7879">Iluminismo no mundo luso-brasileiro: um olhar sobre a Viagem Filosófica à Amazónia, 1783-1792 [Enlightenment in the Portuguese-Brazilian World: the Philosophical Journey to the Amazonia, 1783-1792]</a>". <i>Ler História</i> (78): 157–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:10.4000/lerhistoria.7879. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> 0870–6182.</li> <li>E. C. Falcão. <i>Viagem filosófica às Capitanias do Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso e Cuiabá</i>. São Paulo: Gráfica Brunner, 1970.</li> <li>Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. <i>Viagem Filosófica ao Rio Negro</i>. Belém: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 1983.</li> <li>Day Otis Kellogg, William Robertson Smith. <i>The Encyclopædia Britannica: latest edition. A dictionary of arts, sciences and general literature, Volume 26.</i> 1902.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810144423/http://catalogos.bn.br/alexandre/">Works of Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira in the Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cedope.ufpr.br/nova_pagina_1.htm">A ilustração em Portugal e no Brasil: Cientistas e Viajantes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Coelho" title="Gonçalo Coelho">Gonçalo Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Afonso_do_Estreito" title="João Afonso do Estreito">João Afonso do Estreito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_%C3%81lvares_Fagundes" title="João Álvares Fagundes">João Álvares Fagundes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Gama" title="João da Gama">João da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Nova" title="João da Nova">João da Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Santar%C3%A9m" title="João de Santarém">João de Santarém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_Lavrador" title="João Fernandes Lavrador">João Fernandes Lavrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Grego" title="João Grego">João Grego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Infante" title="João Infante">João Infante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Serr%C3%A3o" title="João Serrão">João Serrão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Vaz_Corte-Real" title="João Vaz Corte-Real">João Vaz Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares">Jorge Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_de_Menezes" title="Jorge de Menezes">Jorge de Menezes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopes_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Lopes Gonçalves">Lopes Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louren%C3%A7o_de_Almeida" title="Lourenço de Almeida">Lourenço de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">Miguel Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_Coelho" title="Nicolau Coelho">Nicolau Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_da_Gama" title="Paulo da Gama">Paulo da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mascarenhas" title="Pedro Mascarenhas">Pedro Mascarenhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_Dias" title="Pero Dias">Pero Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_Escobar" title="Pero Escobar">Pero Escobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Paiva" title="Afonso de Paiva">Afonso de Paiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Serpa_Pinto" title="Alexandre de Serpa Pinto">Alexandre de Serpa Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_%C3%81lvares_de_Almada" title="André Álvares de Almada">André Álvares de Almada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_%C3%81lvares" title="Francisco Álvares">Francisco Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Barreto" title="Francisco Barreto">Francisco Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Lacerda" title="Francisco de Lacerda">Francisco de Lacerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_da_Silveira" title="Gonçalo da Silveira">Gonçalo da Silveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo">Hermenegildo Capelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Lobo" title="Jerónimo Lobo">Jerónimo Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alberto_de_Oliveira_Anchieta" title="José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta">José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Sapateiro" title="José Sapateiro">José Sapateiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louren%C3%A7o_Marques_(explorer)" title="Lourenço Marques (explorer)">Lourenço Marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_da_Covilh%C3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Pero da Covilhã">Pero da Covilhã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ivens" title="Roberto Ivens">Roberto Ivens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_de_Tovar" title="Sancho de Tovar">Sancho de Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silva_Porto_(explorer)" title="Silva Porto (explorer)">Silva Porto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Raposo_Tavares" title="António Raposo Tavares">António Raposo Tavares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Fernandes" title="Baltasar Fernandes">Baltasar Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borba_Gato" title="Borba Gato">Borba Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1s_Cubas" title="Brás Cubas">Brás Cubas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramuru" title="Caramuru">Diogo Álvares Correia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingos_Jorge_Velho" title="Domingos Jorge Velho">Domingos Jorge Velho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Coelho" title="Duarte Coelho">Duarte Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martim_Soares_Moreno" title="Martim Soares Moreno">Martim Soares Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Teixeira" title="Pedro Teixeira">Pedro Teixeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_da_Madalena" title="António da Madalena">António da Madalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Andrade" title="António de Andrade">António de Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bento_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Bento de Góis">Bento de Góis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Veloso" title="Diogo Veloso">Diogo Veloso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Paes" title="Domingo Paes">Domingo Paes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Cacella" title="Estêvão Cacella">Estêvão Cacella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Nunes" title="Fernão Nunes">Fernão Nunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeote_Pereira" title="Galeote Pereira">Galeote Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Cabral" title="João Cabral">João Cabral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">In foreign service</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_del_Canto" title="Alberto del Canto">Alberto del Canto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleixo_Garcia" title="Aleixo Garcia">Aleixo Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_de_Cardoso" title="Antonio Díaz de Cardoso">Antonio Díaz de Cardoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Gomes" title="Estêvão Gomes">Estêvão Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Casta%C3%B1o_de_Sosa" title="Gaspar Castaño de Sosa">Gaspar Castaño de Sosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ura" title="George Ura">George Ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_de_Mafra" title="Ginés de Mafra">Ginés de Mafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Alfonse" title="Jean Alfonse">Jean Alfonse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_D%C3%ADaz_de_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Juan Díaz de Solís">Juan Díaz de Solís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" title="Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva">Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Vaz_de_Torres" title="Luís Vaz de Torres">Luís Vaz de Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Mederos" title="Manuel de Mederos">Manuel de Mederos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1o_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Lobo" title="Ñuño Fernández Lobo">Ñuño Fernández Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_de_Queir%C3%B3s" title="Pedro Fernandes de Queirós">Pedro Fernandes de Queirós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Rodrigues_Soromenho" title="Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho">Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Portuguese discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188916#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188916#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188916#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122773758">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/22230443">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/126467/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc836t6CKBYdcdQmTJdQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11938972X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82270899">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124195466">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124195466">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ferreira, Alexandre Rodrigues"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20231205795&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1268971">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/58614">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067502342">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10006675">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810603837405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/81301">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261002705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1444661X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Ferreira">International Plant Names Index</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/hi/gnt/dsi2/index.php?table_name=dsi&function=details&where_field=id&where_value=1712">Scientific illustrators</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033317445">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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