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<!doctype html><html lang="en"> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport"> <title>CSS Box Sizing Module Level 3</title> <meta content="ED" name="w3c-status"> <link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/W3C-ED" rel="stylesheet"> <meta content="Bikeshed version 60c422380, updated Thu Feb 20 19:11:22 2025 -0800" name="generator"> <link href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/" rel="canonical"> <link href="https://drafts.csswg.org/csslogo.ico" rel="icon"> <meta content="00a4565adc80e6981e7fdefb92480d41c0f5ffea" name="revision"> <meta content="dark light" name="color-scheme"> <link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <style> table.data th[scope=row] { text-align: right; text-align: end; } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-autolinks */ .css.css, .property.property, .descriptor.descriptor { color: var(--a-normal-text); font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; } .css::before, .property::before, .descriptor::before { content: "‘"; } .css::after, .property::after, .descriptor::after { content: "’"; } .property, .descriptor { /* Don't wrap property and descriptor names */ white-space: nowrap; } .type { /* CSS value <type> */ font-style: italic; } pre .property::before, pre .property::after { content: ""; } [data-link-type="property"]::before, [data-link-type="propdesc"]::before, [data-link-type="descriptor"]::before, [data-link-type="value"]::before, [data-link-type="function"]::before, [data-link-type="at-rule"]::before, [data-link-type="selector"]::before, [data-link-type="maybe"]::before { content: "‘"; } [data-link-type="property"]::after, [data-link-type="propdesc"]::after, [data-link-type="descriptor"]::after, [data-link-type="value"]::after, [data-link-type="function"]::after, [data-link-type="at-rule"]::after, [data-link-type="selector"]::after, [data-link-type="maybe"]::after { content: "’"; } [data-link-type].production::before, [data-link-type].production::after, .prod [data-link-type]::before, .prod [data-link-type]::after { content: ""; } [data-link-type=element], [data-link-type=element-attr] { font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; font-size: .9em; } [data-link-type=element]::before { content: "<" } [data-link-type=element]::after { content: ">" } [data-link-type=biblio] { white-space: pre; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { --selflink-text: black; --selflink-bg: silver; --selflink-hover-text: white; } } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-caniuse-panel */ @media (max-width: 767px) { .caniuse-status { opacity: .1; transition: opacity .1s; } } :root { --caniuse-bg: #EEE; --caniuse-shadow: #999; --caniuse-nosupport-text: #ccc; --caniuse-partialsupport-text: #666; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { --caniuse-bg: #222; --caniuse-shadow: #444; --caniuse-nosupport-text: #666; --caniuse-partialsupport-text: #bbb; } } .caniuse-status { background: var(--caniuse-bg, #EEE); border-radius: .25em; box-shadow: 0 0 3px var(--caniuse-shadow, #999); color: var(--text, black); font: 1em sans-serif; hyphens: none; max-width: min-content; overflow: hidden; padding: .2em; position: absolute; right: 0.3em; top: auto; width: fit-content; word-wrap: normal; z-index: 8; } .caniuse-status.unpositioned { display: none; } .caniuse-status.overlapping-main { opacity: .2; transition: opacity .1s; } .caniuse-status[open] { opacity: 1; z-index: 9; min-width: 9em; width: fit-content; } .caniuse-status:hover { outline: var(--text, black) 1px solid; opacity: 1; } .caniuse-status > summary { font-weight: normal; text-align: right; cursor: pointer; display: block; } .caniuse-status > p { font-size: 0.6em; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both; } .caniuse-status > p + p { padding-top: 0.5em; } .caniuse-status > .support { display: block; } .caniuse-status > .support > span { padding: 0.2em 0; display: block; display: table; } .caniuse-status > .support > span.partial { color: var(--caniuse-partialsupport-text, #666666); filter: grayscale(50%); } .caniuse-status > .support > span.no { color: var(--caniuse-nosupport-text, #CCCCCC); filter: grayscale(100%); } .caniuse-status > .support > span.no::before { opacity: 0.5; } .caniuse-status > .support > span:first-of-type { padding-top: 0.5em; } .caniuse-status > .support > span > span { padding: 0 0.5em; display: table-cell; vertical-align: top; } .caniuse-status > .support > span > span:first-child { width: 100%; } .caniuse-status > .support > span > span:last-child { width: 100%; white-space: pre; padding: 0; } .caniuse-status > .support > span::before { content: ' '; display: table-cell; height: 1.5em; background: no-repeat center center; background-size: contain; text-align: right; font-size: 0.75em; font-weight: bold; } .caniuse-status > .support > .and_chr::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/chrome.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .and_ff::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/firefox.png); } .caniuse-status > .support > .and_uc::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/uc.png); } /* UC Browser for Android */ .caniuse-status > .support > .android::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/android.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .bb::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/bb.jpg); } /* Blackberry Browser */ .caniuse-status > .support > .chrome::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/chrome.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .edge::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/edge.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .firefox::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/firefox.png); } .caniuse-status > .support > .ie::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/ie.png); } .caniuse-status > .support > .ie_mob::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/ie-mobile.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .ios_saf::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/safari-ios.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .op_mini::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera-mini.png); } .caniuse-status > .support > .op_mob::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .opera::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera.svg); } .caniuse-status > .support > .safari::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/safari.png); } .caniuse-status > .support > .samsung::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/samsung.svg); } .caniuse-status > .caniuse { text-align: right; font-style: italic; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .caniuse-status.wrapped { width: 9em; height: auto; } .caniuse-status:not(.wrapped) { height: 1em; max-width: min-content; } .caniuse-status.wrapped > :not(input) { display: block; } .caniuse-status:not(.wrapped) > :not(input) { display: none; } } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-colors */ /* Any --*-text not paired with a --*-bg is assumed to have a transparent bg */ :root { color-scheme: light dark; --text: black; --bg: white; --unofficial-watermark: url(https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/UD-watermark); --logo-bg: #1a5e9a; --logo-active-bg: #c00; --logo-text: white; --tocnav-normal-text: #707070; --tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg); --tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text); --tocnav-hover-bg: #f8f8f8; --tocnav-active-text: #c00; --tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg); --tocsidebar-text: var(--text); --tocsidebar-bg: #f7f8f9; --tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,.1); --tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7); --toclink-text: var(--text); --toclink-underline: #3980b5; --toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text); --toclink-visited-underline: #054572; --heading-text: #005a9c; --hr-text: var(--text); --algo-border: #def; --del-text: red; --del-bg: transparent; --ins-text: #080; --ins-bg: transparent; --a-normal-text: #034575; --a-normal-underline: #bbb; --a-visited-text: var(--a-normal-text); --a-visited-underline: #707070; --a-hover-bg: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25); --a-active-text: #c00; --a-active-underline: #c00; --blockquote-border: silver; --blockquote-bg: transparent; --blockquote-text: currentcolor; --issue-border: #e05252; --issue-bg: #fbe9e9; --issue-text: var(--text); --issueheading-text: #831616; --example-border: #e0cb52; --example-bg: #fcfaee; --example-text: var(--text); --exampleheading-text: #574b0f; --note-border: #52e052; --note-bg: #e9fbe9; --note-text: var(--text); --noteheading-text: hsl(120, 70%, 30%); --notesummary-underline: silver; --assertion-border: #aaa; --assertion-bg: #eee; --assertion-text: black; --advisement-border: orange; --advisement-bg: #fec; --advisement-text: var(--text); --advisementheading-text: #b35f00; --warning-border: red; --warning-bg: hsla(40,100%,50%,0.95); --warning-text: var(--text); --amendment-border: #330099; --amendment-bg: #F5F0FF; --amendment-text: var(--text); --amendmentheading-text: #220066; --def-border: #8ccbf2; --def-bg: #def; --def-text: var(--text); --defrow-border: #bbd7e9; --datacell-border: silver; --indexinfo-text: #707070; --indextable-hover-text: black; --indextable-hover-bg: #f7f8f9; --outdatedspec-bg: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5); --outdatedspec-text: black; --outdated-bg: maroon; --outdated-text: white; --outdated-shadow: red; --editedrec-bg: darkorange; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { --text: #ddd; --bg: black; --unofficial-watermark: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='400' height='400'%3E%3Cg fill='%23100808' transform='translate(200 200) rotate(-45) translate(-200 -200)' stroke='%23100808' stroke-width='3'%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='220' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EUNOFFICIAL%3C/text%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='305' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EDRAFT%3C/text%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E"); --logo-bg: #1a5e9a; --logo-active-bg: #c00; --logo-text: white; --tocnav-normal-text: #999; --tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg); --tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text); --tocnav-hover-bg: #080808; --tocnav-active-text: #f44; --tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg); --tocsidebar-text: var(--text); --tocsidebar-bg: #080808; --tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(255,255,255,.1); --tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7); --toclink-text: var(--text); --toclink-underline: #6af; --toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text); --toclink-visited-underline: #054572; --heading-text: #8af; --hr-text: var(--text); --algo-border: #456; --del-text: #f44; --del-bg: transparent; --ins-text: #4a4; --ins-bg: transparent; --a-normal-text: #6af; --a-normal-underline: #555; --a-visited-text: var(--a-normal-text); --a-visited-underline: var(--a-normal-underline); --a-hover-bg: rgba(25%, 25%, 25%, .2); --a-active-text: #f44; --a-active-underline: var(--a-active-text); --borderedblock-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05); --blockquote-border: silver; --blockquote-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg); --blockquote-text: currentcolor; --issue-border: #e05252; --issue-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg); --issue-text: var(--text); --issueheading-text: hsl(0deg, 70%, 70%); --example-border: hsl(50deg, 90%, 60%); --example-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg); --example-text: var(--text); --exampleheading-text: hsl(50deg, 70%, 70%); --note-border: hsl(120deg, 100%, 35%); --note-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg); --note-text: var(--text); --noteheading-text: hsl(120, 70%, 70%); --notesummary-underline: silver; --assertion-border: #444; --assertion-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg); --assertion-text: var(--text); --advisement-border: orange; --advisement-bg: #222218; --advisement-text: var(--text); --advisementheading-text: #f84; --warning-border: red; --warning-bg: hsla(40,100%,20%,0.95); --warning-text: var(--text); --amendment-border: #330099; --amendment-bg: #080010; --amendment-text: var(--text); --amendmentheading-text: #cc00ff; --def-border: #8ccbf2; --def-bg: #080818; --def-text: var(--text); --defrow-border: #136; --datacell-border: silver; --indexinfo-text: #aaa; --indextable-hover-text: var(--text); --indextable-hover-bg: #181818; --outdatedspec-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5); --outdatedspec-text: black; --outdated-bg: maroon; --outdated-text: white; --outdated-shadow: red; --editedrec-bg: darkorange; } /* In case a transparent-bg image doesn't expect to be on a dark bg, which is quite common in practice... */ img { background: white; } } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-counters */ body { counter-reset: example figure issue; } .issue { counter-increment: issue; } .issue:not(.no-marker)::before { content: "Issue " counter(issue); } .example { counter-increment: example; } .example:not(.no-marker)::before { content: "Example " counter(example); } .invalid.example:not(.no-marker)::before, .illegal.example:not(.no-marker)::before { content: "Invalid Example" counter(example); } figcaption { counter-increment: figure; } figcaption:not(.no-marker)::before { content: "Figure " counter(figure) " "; } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-dfn-panel */ :root { --dfnpanel-bg: #ddd; --dfnpanel-text: var(--text); --dfnpanel-target-bg: #ffc; --dfnpanel-target-outline: orange; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { --dfnpanel-bg: #222; --dfnpanel-text: var(--text); --dfnpanel-target-bg: #333; --dfnpanel-target-outline: silver; } } .dfn-panel { position: absolute; z-index: 35; width: 20em; width: 300px; height: auto; max-height: 500px; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5em 0.75em; font: small Helvetica Neue, sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback; background: var(--dfnpanel-bg); color: var(--dfnpanel-text); border: outset 0.2em; white-space: normal; /* in case it's moved into a pre */ } .dfn-panel:not(.on) { display: none; } .dfn-panel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; } .dfn-panel > b { display: block; } .dfn-panel a { color: var(--dfnpanel-text); } .dfn-panel a:not(:hover) { text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; } .dfn-panel a:focus { outline: 5px auto Highlight; outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color; } .dfn-panel > b + b { margin-top: 0.25em; } .dfn-panel ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; list-style: none; } .dfn-panel li a { max-width: calc(300px - 1.5em - 1em); overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .dfn-panel.activated { display: inline-block; position: fixed; left: 8px; bottom: 2em; margin: 0 auto; max-width: calc(100vw - 1.5em - .4em - .5em); max-height: 30vh; transition: left 1s ease-out, bottom 1s ease-out; } .dfn-panel .link-item:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .dfn-panel .link-item .copy-icon { opacity: 0; } .dfn-panel .link-item:hover .copy-icon, .dfn-panel .link-item .copy-icon:focus { opacity: 1; } .dfn-panel .copy-icon { display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em; width: 0.85em; height: 1em; border-radius: 3px; background-color: #ccc; cursor: pointer; } .dfn-panel .copy-icon .icon { width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative; } .dfn-panel .copy-icon .icon::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 1px solid black; background-color: #ccc; opacity: 0.25; transform: translate(3px, -3px); } .dfn-panel .copy-icon:active .icon::before { opacity: 1; } .dfn-paneled[role="button"] { cursor: help; } .highlighted { animation: target-fade 3s; } @keyframes target-fade { from { background-color: var(--dfnpanel-target-bg); outline: 5px solid var(--dfnpanel-target-outline); } to { color: var(--a-normal-text); background-color: transparent; outline: transparent; } } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-issues */ a[href].issue-return { float: right; float: inline-end; color: var(--issueheading-text); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-md-lists */ /* This is a weird hack for me not yet following the commonmark spec regarding paragraph and lists. */ [data-md] > :first-child { margin-top: 0; } [data-md] > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } </style> <style>/* Boilerplate: style-mdn-anno */ :root { --mdn-bg: #EEE; --mdn-shadow: #999; --mdn-nosupport-text: #ccc; --mdn-pass: green; --mdn-fail: red; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { --mdn-bg: #222; --mdn-shadow: #444; --mdn-nosupport-text: #666; --mdn-pass: #690; --mdn-fail: #d22; } } .mdn-anno { background: var(--mdn-bg, #EEE); border-radius: .25em; box-shadow: 0 0 3px var(--mdn-shadow, #999); color: var(--text, black); font: 1em sans-serif; hyphens: none; max-width: min-content; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.2em; position: absolute; right: 0.3em; top: auto; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal; z-index: 8; } .mdn-anno.unpositioned { display: none; } .mdn-anno.overlapping-main { opacity: .2; transition: opacity .1s; } .mdn-anno[open] { opacity: 1; z-index: 9; min-width: 9em; } .mdn-anno:hover { opacity: 1; outline: var(--text, black) 1px solid; } .mdn-anno > summary { font-weight: normal; text-align: right; cursor: pointer; display: block; } .mdn-anno > summary > .less-than-two-engines-flag { color: var(--mdn-fail); padding-right: 2px; } .mdn-anno > summary > .all-engines-flag { color: var(--mdn-pass); padding-right: 2px; } .mdn-anno > summary > span { color: #fff; background-color: #000; font-weight: normal; font-family: zillaslab, Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", serif; padding: 2px 3px 0px 3px; line-height: 1.3em; vertical-align: top; } .mdn-anno > .feature { margin-top: 20px; } .mdn-anno > .feature:not(:first-of-type) { border-top: 1px solid #999; margin-top: 6px; padding-top: 2px; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .less-than-two-engines-text { color: var(--mdn-fail); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .all-engines-text { color: var(--mdn-pass); } .mdn-anno > .feature > p { font-size: .75em; margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0; } .mdn-anno > .feature > p + p { margin-top: 3px; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support { display: block; font-size: 0.6em; margin: 0; padding: 0; margin-top: 2px; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support + div { padding-top: 0.5em; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > hr { display: block; border: none; border-top: 1px dotted #999; padding: 3px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 2px 3px 0px 3px; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > hr::before { content: ""; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span { padding: 0.2em 0; display: block; display: table; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span.no { color: var(--mdn-nosupport-text); filter: grayscale(100%); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span.no::before { opacity: 0.5; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span:first-of-type { padding-top: 0.5em; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span > span { padding: 0 0.5em; display: table-cell; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span > span:first-child { width: 100%; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span > span:last-child { width: 100%; white-space: pre; padding: 0; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > span::before { content: ' '; display: table-cell; min-width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; background: no-repeat center center; background-size: contain; text-align: right; font-size: 0.75em; font-weight: bold; } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .chrome_android::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/chrome.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .firefox_android::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/firefox.png); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .chrome::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/chrome.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .edge_blink::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/edge.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .edge::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/edge_legacy.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .firefox::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/firefox.png); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .ie::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/ie.png); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .safari_ios::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/safari-ios.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .nodejs::before { background-image: url(https://nodejs.org/favicon.ico); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .opera_android::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .opera::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .safari::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/safari.png); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .samsunginternet_android::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/samsung.svg); } .mdn-anno > .feature > .support > .webview_android::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/android-webview.png); } .name-slug-mismatch { color: red; } .caniuse-status:hover { z-index: 9; } /* dt, li, .issue, .note, and .example are "position: relative", so to put annotation at right margin, must move to right of containing block */; .h-entry:not(.status-LS) dt > .mdn-anno, .h-entry:not(.status-LS) li > .mdn-anno, .h-entry:not(.status-LS) .issue > .mdn-anno, .h-entry:not(.status-LS) .note > .mdn-anno, .h-entry:not(.status-LS) .example > .mdn-anno { right: -6.7em; 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--wpt-bg: hsl(0, 0%, 95%); --wpt-text: var(--text); --wptheading-text: hsl(0, 0%, 30%); } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { --wpt-border: hsl(0, 0%, 30%); --wpt-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg); --wpt-text: var(--text); --wptheading-text: hsl(0, 0%, 60%); } } .wpt-tests-block { list-style: none; border-left: .5em solid var(--wpt-border); background: var(--wpt-bg); color: var(--wpt-text); margin: 1em auto; padding: .5em; } .wpt-tests-block summary { color: var(--wptheading-text); font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase; } .wpt-tests-block summary::marker{ color: var(--wpt-border); } .wpt-tests-block summary:hover::marker{ color: var(--wpt-text); } /* The only content of a wpt test block in its closed state is the <summary>, which contains the word TESTS, and that is absolutely positioned. 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Etemad / fantasai</a> (Apple) <dt>Suggest an Edit for this Spec: <dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/blob/main/css-sizing-3/Overview.bs">GitHub Editor</a> </dl> </div> </details> <div data-fill-with="warning"></div> <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#copyright">Copyright</a> © 2024 <a href="https://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>® <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/copyright/software-license/" rel="license" title="W3C Software and Document License">permissive document license</a> rules apply. <hr title="Separator for header"> </div> <div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract"> <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract">Abstract</h2> This module extends the CSS sizing properties with keywords that represent content-based "intrinsic" sizes and context-based "extrinsic" sizes, allowing CSS to more easily describe boxes that fit their content or fit into a particular layout context. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc. <script> const githubPrefix = "https://w3c.github.io/csswg-drafts/"; if(location.href.slice(0, githubPrefix.length) == githubPrefix) { const suffix = location.href.slice(githubPrefix.length); const draftUrl = "https://drafts.csswg.org/" + suffix; window.location.replace(draftUrl); } </script> </div> <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="sotd">Status of this document</h2> <div data-fill-with="status"> This is a public copy of the editors’ draft. It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment. Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C. Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress. Please send feedback by <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues">filing issues in GitHub</a> (preferred), including the spec code “css-sizing” in the title, like this: “[css-sizing] …summary of comment…”. All issues and comments are <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-archive/">archived</a>. Alternately, feedback can be sent to the (<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public mailing list <a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss-sizing%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">www-style@w3.org</a>. This document is governed by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/process/20231103/" id="w3c_process_revision">03 November 2023 W3C Process Document</a>. </div> <div data-fill-with="at-risk"> The following features are at-risk, and may be dropped during the CR period: <ul> <li>Additions to <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-2/#propdef-column-width" id="ref-for-propdef-column-width">column-width</a> </ul> “At-risk” is a W3C Process term-of-art, and does not necessarily imply that the feature is in danger of being dropped or delayed. It means that the WG believes the feature may have difficulty being interoperably implemented in a timely manner, and marking it as such allows the WG to drop the feature if necessary when transitioning to the Proposed Rec stage, without having to publish a new Candidate Rec without the feature first. </div> <nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc"> <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2> <ol class="toc" role="directory"> <li> <a href="#intro">1 Introduction</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#placement">1.1 Module interactions</a> <li><a href="#values">1.2 Value Definitions</a> </ol> <li> <a href="#terms">2 Terminology</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#auto-box-sizes">2.1 Auto Box Sizes</a> <li><a href="#contributions">2.2 Intrinsic Size Contributions</a> <li><a href="#constraints">2.3 Intrinsic Size Constraints</a> </ol> <li> <a href="#specifying-sizes">3 Specifying Box Sizes</a> <ol class="toc"> <li> <a href="#sizing-properties">3.1 Sizing Properties</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#preferred-size-properties">3.1.1 Preferred Size Properties: the width and height properties</a> <li><a href="#min-size-properties">3.1.2 Minimum Size Properties: the min-width and min-height properties</a> <li><a href="#max-size-properties">3.1.3 Maximum Size Properties: the max-width and max-height properties</a> </ol> <li> <a href="#sizing-values">3.2 Sizing Values: the <length-percentage [0,∞]>, auto | none, min-content, max-content, and fit-content() values</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#behave-auto">3.2.1 “Behaving as auto”</a> <li><a href="#the-contain-floats-value">3.2.2 Containing or Excluding Floats</a> </ol> <li><a href="#box-sizing">3.3 Box Edges for Sizing: the box-sizing property</a> <li><a href="#column-sizing">3.4 New Column Sizing Values: the min-content, max-content, and fit-content() values</a> </ol> <li> <a href="#extrinsic">4 Extrinsic Size Determination</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#percentage-sizing">4.1 Percentage Sizing</a> </ol> <li> <a href="#intrinsic">5 Intrinsic Size Determination</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#intrinsic-sizes">5.1 Intrinsic Sizes</a> <li> <a href="#intrinsic-contribution">5.2 Intrinsic Contributions</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#cyclic-percentage-contribution">5.2.1 Intrinsic Contributions of Percentage-Sized Boxes</a> <li><a href="#min-content-zero">5.2.2 Compressible Replaced Elements</a> </ol> </ol> <li> <a href="#changes"> Changes</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#changes-recent"> Recent Changes</a> <li><a href="#changes-3"> Additions since CSS Level 2</a> </ol> <li><a href="#acknowledgments"> Acknowledgments</a> <li><a href="#priv-sec"> Privacy and Security Considerations</a> <li> <a href="#w3c-conformance"> Conformance</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#w3c-conventions"> Document conventions</a> <li><a href="#w3c-conformance-classes"> Conformance classes</a> <li> <a href="#w3c-partial"> Partial implementations</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#w3c-conform-future-proofing"> Implementations of Unstable and Proprietary Features</a> </ol> <li><a href="#w3c-testing"> Non-experimental implementations</a> </ol> <li> <a href="#index"> Index</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#index-defined-here"> Terms defined by this specification</a> <li><a href="#index-defined-elsewhere"> Terms defined by reference</a> </ol> <li> <a href="#references"> References</a> <ol class="toc"> <li><a href="#normative"> Normative References</a> <li><a href="#informative"> Informative References</a> </ol> <li><a href="#property-index"> Property Index</a> <li><a href="#issues-index"> Issues Index</a> </ol> </nav> <main> <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro">1. Introduction<a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2> This section is not normative. CSS layout has several different concepts of automatic sizing that are used in various layout calculations. This section defines some more precise terminology to help connect the layout behaviors of this spec to the calculations used in other modules, and some new keywords for the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width">width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height">height</a> properties to allow authors to assign elements the dimensions resulting from these size calculations. <a class="self-link" href="#issue-664b2cc3"></a> This spec needs illustrations! See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/1938">issue</a>. <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.1" id="placement">1.1. Module interactions<a class="self-link" href="#placement"></a></h3> This module extends the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①">width</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①">height</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width">min-width</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height">min-height</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width">max-width</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height">max-height</a>, and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-2/#propdef-column-width" id="ref-for-propdef-column-width①">column-width</a> features defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a> chapter 10 and in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3col" title="CSS Multi-column Layout Module Level 1">[CSS3COL]</a> The definition of the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing">box-sizing</a> property in this module supersedes the one in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3" title="CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)">[CSS-UI-3]</a>. <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.2" id="values">1.2. Value Definitions<a class="self-link" href="#values"></a></h3> This specification follows the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/about.html#property-defs">CSS property definition conventions</a> from <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a> using the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-3/#value-defs">value definition syntax</a> from <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-values-3" title="CSS Values and Units Module Level 3">[CSS-VALUES-3]</a>. Value types not defined in this specification are defined in CSS Values & Units [CSS-VALUES-3]. Combination with other CSS modules may expand the definitions of these value types. In addition to the property-specific values listed in their definitions, all properties defined in this specification also accept the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#css-wide-keywords" id="ref-for-css-wide-keywords">CSS-wide keywords</a> as their property value. For readability they have not been repeated explicitly. <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="terms">2. Terminology<a class="self-link" href="#terms"></a></h2> Some key terminology related to coordinate axises and dimensions is defined in <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/#abstract-box"><cite>CSS Writing Modes 3</cite> § 6 Abstract Box Terminology</a>. <dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="size">size</dfn> <dd> A one- or two-dimensional measurement: a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size">block size</a> and/or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size">inline size</a>; alternatively a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#width" id="ref-for-width">width</a> and/or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#height" id="ref-for-height">height</a>. <figure> <img alt="In left-to-right, top-to-bottom horizontal English, the horizontal width and inline size are synonymous, and vertical height and block size are synonymous." height="240" src="images/sizing-ltr-tb.svg" style="max-width: 49%;" width="420"><img alt="In top-to-bottom, right-to-left vertical Japanese, the horizontal width and block size are synonymous, and vertical height and inline size are synonymous." height="240" src="images/sizing-ttb-rl.svg" style="max-width: 49%;" width="420"> <figcaption>Whether the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#width" id="ref-for-width①">width</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#height" id="ref-for-height①">height</a> corresponds to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size①">inline size</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size①">block size</a> depends on the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#writing-mode" id="ref-for-writing-mode">writing mode</a>.</figcaption> </figure> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="inner size|inner width|inner height|inner block size|inner inline size" id="inner-size">inner size</dfn> <dd> The <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css2/box.html#box-dimensions">content-box</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#size" id="ref-for-size">size</a> of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#box" id="ref-for-box">box</a>. <figure> <img alt height="270" src="images/inner-size.svg" width="420"> <figcaption>Inner size</figcaption> </figure> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="outer size|outer width|outer height|outer block size|outer inline size" id="outer-size">outer size</dfn> <dd> The <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css2/box.html#box-dimensions">margin-box</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#size" id="ref-for-size①">size</a> of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#box" id="ref-for-box①">box</a>. <figure> <img alt height="270" src="images/outer-size.svg" width="420"> <figcaption>Outer size</figcaption> </figure> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="definite|definite size" id="definite">definite size</dfn> <dd> A size that can be determined without performing layout; that is, a <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value"><length></a>, a measure of text (without consideration of line-wrapping), a size of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#initial-containing-block" id="ref-for-initial-containing-block">initial containing block</a>, or a <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value"><percentage></a> or other formula (such the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#blockwidth">“stretch-fit” sizing of non-replaced blocks</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a>) that is resolved solely against <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite">definite</a> sizes. Additionally, the size of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block">containing block</a> of an absolutely positioned element is always <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite①">definite</a> with respect to that element. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="indefinite|indefinite size" id="indefinite">indefinite size</dfn> <dd> A size that is not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite②">definite</a>. <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#indefinite" id="ref-for-indefinite">Indefinite</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available">available space</a> is essentially infinite. Note: <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-sizing" id="ref-for-intrinsic-sizing">intrinsic sizing</a> keywords such as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-max-content">max-content</a> are indefinite, even if they can be determined without laying out the children e.g. due to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-contain-2/#size-containment" id="ref-for-size-containment">size containment</a> or lack of children. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-local-lt="available" data-lt="available space|available inline space|available block space" id="available">available space</dfn> <dd> A size representing the space into which a box is laid out, as determined by the rules of the formatting context in which it participates. The space available to a box is usually either a measurement of its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block①">containing block</a> (if that is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite③">definite</a>) or an infinite size (when it is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#indefinite" id="ref-for-indefinite①">indefinite</a>). <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available①">Available space</a> can alternatively be either a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-constraint" id="ref-for-min-content-constraint">min-content constraint</a> or a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-constraint" id="ref-for-max-content-constraint">max-content constraint</a>, which forces boxes laid into it to be laid out under that constraint. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="stretch-fit">stretch fit</dfn> <dd> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#stretch-fit" id="ref-for-stretch-fit">stretch fit</a> into a given size is that size, minus the box’s computed margins (not collapsed, treating auto as zero), border, and padding in the given dimension (such that the outer size is a perfect fit), and flooring at zero (so that the inner size is not negative). Note: This is the formula used to calculate the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto">auto</a> widths of non-replaced blocks in normal flow in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#blockwidth">CSS2.1§10.3.3</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="fallback|fallback size" id="fallback">fallback size</dfn> <dd> Some sizing algorithms do not work well with an infinite size. In these cases, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fallback" id="ref-for-fallback">fallback size</a> is used instead. Unless otherwise specified, this is the size of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#initial-containing-block" id="ref-for-initial-containing-block①">initial containing block</a>. </dl> <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="2.1" id="auto-box-sizes">2.1. Auto Box Sizes<a class="self-link" href="#auto-box-sizes"></a></h3> There are four types of automatically-determined sizes in CSS (sizes resulting from <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①">auto</a> sizing rules, depending on context): <dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="stretch-fit-size">stretch-fit size</dfn> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="stretch-fit-inline-size">stretch-fit inline size</dfn> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="stretch-fit-block-size">stretch-fit block size</dfn> <dd> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#size" id="ref-for-size②">size</a> a box would take if its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#outer-size" id="ref-for-outer-size">outer size</a> filled the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available②">available space</a> in the given axis; in other words, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#stretch-fit" id="ref-for-stretch-fit①">stretch fit</a> into the available space, if that is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite④">definite</a>. Undefined if the available space is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#indefinite" id="ref-for-indefinite②">indefinite</a>. Note: For the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis" id="ref-for-inline-axis">inline axis</a>, this is called the “available width” in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#float-width">CSS2.1§10.3.5</a> and computed by the rules in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#blockwidth">CSS2.1§10.3.3</a>. Note: Calculations involving this size need to specify a fallback behavior for when the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available⑤">available space</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#indefinite" id="ref-for-indefinite③">indefinite</a> if that happens to be possible. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="max-content | max-content size" id="max-content">max-content size</dfn> <dd> A box’s “ideal” <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#size" id="ref-for-size③">size</a> in a given axis when given infinite available space. Usually this is the smallest size the box could take in that axis while still fitting around its contents, i.e. minimizing unfilled space while avoiding overflow. <dl> <dt data-md><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="max-content-inline-size">max-content inline size</dfn> <dd data-md> The box’s “ideal” <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#size" id="ref-for-size⑤">size</a> in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis" id="ref-for-inline-axis①">inline axis</a>. Usually the narrowest <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size②">inline size</a> it could take while fitting around its contents if none of the soft wrap opportunities within the box were taken. (See <a href="#intrinsic">§ 5 Intrinsic Size Determination</a>.) Note: This is called the “preferred width” in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#float-width">CSS2.1§10.3.5</a> and the “maximum cell width” in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/tables.html#auto-table-layout">CSS2.1§17.5.2.2</a>. <dt data-md><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="max-content-block-size">max-content block size</dfn> <dd data-md> The box’s “ideal” <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#size" id="ref-for-size⑥">size</a> in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis" id="ref-for-block-axis">block axis</a>. Usually the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size②">block size</a> of the content after layout. </dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="min-content | min-content size" id="min-content">min-content size</dfn> <dd> Nominally, the smallest <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#size" id="ref-for-size⑦">size</a> a box could take that doesn’t lead to overflow that could be avoided by choosing a larger size. Formally, the size of the box when sized under a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-constraint" id="ref-for-min-content-constraint①">min-content constraint</a>, see <a href="#intrinsic">§ 5 Intrinsic Size Determination</a>. <dl> <dt data-md><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="min-content-inline-size">min-content inline size</dfn> <dd data-md> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content">min-content size</a> in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis" id="ref-for-inline-axis②">inline axis</a>. Typically, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size③">inline size</a> that would fit around its contents if all soft wrap opportunities within the box were taken. Note: This is called the “preferred minimum width” in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#float-width">CSS2.1§10.3.5</a> and the “minimum content width” in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/tables.html#auto-table-layout">CSS2.1§17.5.2.2</a>. <dt data-md><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="min-content-block-size">min-content block size</dfn> <dd data-md> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content①">min-content size</a> in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis" id="ref-for-block-axis①">block axis</a>. For <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#block-container" id="ref-for-block-container">block containers</a>, tables, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box">inline boxes</a>, this is equivalent to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-block-size" id="ref-for-max-content-block-size">max-content block size</a>. </dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="fit-content-size">fit-content size</dfn> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="fit-content-inline-size">fit-content inline size</dfn> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="fit-content-block-size">fit-content block size</dfn> <dd> If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available⑥">available space</a> in a given axis is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite⑤">definite</a>, equal to <code>clamp(<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content②">min-content size</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#stretch-fit-size" id="ref-for-stretch-fit-size">stretch-fit size</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content">max-content size</a>)</code> (i.e. <code>max(<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content③">min-content size</a>, min(<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content①">max-content size</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#stretch-fit-size" id="ref-for-stretch-fit-size①">stretch-fit size</a>))</code>). When sizing under a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-constraint" id="ref-for-min-content-constraint②">min-content constraint</a>, equal to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content④">min-content size</a>. Otherwise, equal to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content②">max-content size</a> in that axis. Note: This is called the “shrink-to-fit” width in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#float-width">CSS2.1§10.3.5</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/#pseudo-algorithm">CSS Multi-column Layout § 3.4</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="intrinsic-size">intrinsic size</dfn> <dd> A <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content③">max-content size</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content⑤">min-content size</a>, i.e. a size arising primarily from the size of the content. (Some uses of this term may refer also to sizes derived primarily from one of these two sizes.) <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element">Replaced elements</a> frequently derive their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size">intrinsic size</a> from their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#natural-dimensions" id="ref-for-natural-dimensions">natural dimensions</a>. </dl> <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="2.2" id="contributions">2.2. Intrinsic Size Contributions<a class="self-link" href="#contributions"></a></h3> <dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="max-content contribution|max-content inline-size contribution|max-content block-size contribution" id="max-content-contribution">max-content contribution</dfn> <dd> The size that a box contributes to its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block②">containing block</a>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content④">max-content size</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="min-content contribution|min-content inline-size contribution|min-content block-size contribution" id="min-content-contribution">min-content contribution</dfn> <dd> The size that a box contributes to its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block③">containing block</a>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content⑥">min-content size</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="intrinsic-size-contribution">intrinsic size contribution</dfn> <dd> A <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-contribution" id="ref-for-max-content-contribution">max-content contribution</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution">min-content contribution</a>, or similarly-calculated content-based size contribution. </dl> Intrinsic size contributions are based on the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#outer-size" id="ref-for-outer-size①">outer size</a> of the box; for this purpose auto margins are treated as zero. <h3 class="heading settled dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-level="2.3" data-lt="intrinsic size constraint" id="constraints">2.3. Intrinsic Size Constraints<a class="self-link" href="#constraints" id="ref-for-constraints"></a></h3> <dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="max-content-constraint">max-content constraint</dfn> <dd> A sizing constraint imposed by the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block④">containing block</a> that causes it to produce its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-contribution" id="ref-for-max-content-contribution①">max-content contribution</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="min-content-constraint">min-content constraint</dfn> <dd> A sizing constraint imposed by the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block⑤">containing block</a> that causes it to produce its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution①">min-content contribution</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="preferred-aspect-ratio">preferred aspect ratio</dfn> <dd> A width:height ratio inherent to a box, which biases various sizing algorithms to produce a size consistent with that aspect ratio insofar as possible while honoring other sizing inputs. Unless otherwise specified, a box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-preferred-aspect-ratio">preferred aspect ratio</a> is its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#natural-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-natural-aspect-ratio">natural aspect ratio</a> if it has one and is applied to its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box">content box</a>. Most boxes do not have a preferred aspect ratio. </dl> <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="specifying-sizes">3. Specifying Box Sizes<a class="self-link" href="#specifying-sizes"></a></h2> <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.1" id="sizing-properties">3.1. Sizing Properties<a class="self-link" href="#sizing-properties"></a></h3> This section defines the <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="sizing property" id="sizing-property">sizing properties</dfn> <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width②">width</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height②">height</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width①">min-width</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height①">min-height</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width①">max-width</a>, and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height①">max-height</a>. Their potential values are defined in the next section, <a href="#sizing-values">§ 3.2 Sizing Values: the <length-percentage [0,∞]>, auto | none, min-content, max-content, and fit-content() values</a>. Note: Additional <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#flow-relative" id="ref-for-flow-relative">flow-relative</a> aliases to these properties are defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-logical-1" title="CSS Logical Properties and Values Level 1">[CSS-LOGICAL-1]</a>. <a class="self-link" href="#issue-6eb2c542"></a> We would like to define shorthands for each pair of sizing properties (e.g. <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width③">width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height③">height</a>) but there is a naming conflict with the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/#at-ruledef-page" id="ref-for-at-ruledef-page">@page</a> <a class="property css" data-link-type="property">size</a> descriptor <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-page-3" title="CSS Paged Media Module Level 3">[CSS-PAGE-3]</a>, so this has been deferred to Level 4. Suggestions on how to resolve this problem are welcome, see <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/820">discussion</a>. <h4 class="heading settled dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-level="3.1.1" data-lt="preferred size property" id="preferred-size-properties">3.1.1. Preferred Size Properties: the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width④">width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height④">height</a> properties<a class="self-link" href="#preferred-size-properties" id="ref-for-preferred-size-properties"></a></h4> <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="width"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Name: <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-width">width</dfn>, <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-height">height</dfn> <tr class="value"> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a> <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a>) | <a class="production css" data-link-type="function" href="#funcdef-width-calc-size" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-calc-size"><calc-size()></a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a> <td>auto <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#applies-to">Applies to:</a> <td>all elements except <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#non-replaced" id="ref-for-non-replaced">non-replaced</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#inline" id="ref-for-inline">inlines</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a> <td>no <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a> <td>relative to width/height of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block⑥">containing block</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a> <td>as specified, with <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②"><length-percentage></a> values computed <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom/#serializing-css-values">Canonical order:</a> <td>per grammar <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a> <td>by computed value type, recursing into <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content">fit-content()</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/#logical-property-group">Logical property group:</a> <td><a class="css" data-link-type="property">size</a> </table> The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width⑤">width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height⑤">height</a> (<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#physical" id="ref-for-physical">physical</a>) properties specify the <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="preferred size" id="preferred-size">preferred</dfn> <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="width | preferred width" id="width">width</dfn> and <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="height | preferred height" id="height">height</dfn> of the box, respectively. <h4 class="heading settled dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-level="3.1.2" data-lt="min size property" id="min-size-properties">3.1.2. Minimum Size Properties: the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width②">min-width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height②">min-height</a> properties<a class="self-link" href="#min-size-properties" id="ref-for-min-size-properties"></a></h4> <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="min-width"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Name: <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-min-width">min-width</dfn>, <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-min-height">min-height</dfn> <tr class="value"> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a> <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑤">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage③"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage④"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a>) | <a class="production css" data-link-type="function" href="#funcdef-width-calc-size" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-calc-size①"><calc-size()></a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a> <td>auto <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#applies-to">Applies to:</a> <td>all elements that accept <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width⑥">width</a> or <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height⑥">height</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a> <td>no <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a> <td>relative to width/height of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block⑦">containing block</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a> <td>as specified, with <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage⑤"><length-percentage></a> values computed <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom/#serializing-css-values">Canonical order:</a> <td>per grammar <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a> <td>by computed value, recursing into <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content①">fit-content()</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/#logical-property-group">Logical property group:</a> <td><a class="css" data-link-type="property">min-size</a> </table> The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width③">min-width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height③">min-height</a> properties specify the <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="min width | minimum width | min size | minimum size" id="min-width">minimum width</dfn> (or “min width”) and <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="min height | minimum height" id="min-height">minimum height</dfn> (or “min height”) of the box, respectively. Note: The initial value of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto②">auto</a> is new; in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a> the initial value was zero. <h4 class="heading settled dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-level="3.1.3" data-lt="max size property" id="max-size-properties">3.1.3. Maximum Size Properties: the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width②">max-width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height②">max-height</a> properties<a class="self-link" href="#max-size-properties" id="ref-for-max-size-properties"></a></h4> <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="max-width"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Name: <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-max-width">max-width</dfn>, <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-max-height">max-height</dfn> <tr class="value"> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a> <td class="prod">none <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one①⓪">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage⑥"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage⑦"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a>) | <a class="production css" data-link-type="function" href="#funcdef-width-calc-size" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-calc-size②"><calc-size()></a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a> <td>none <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#applies-to">Applies to:</a> <td>all elements that accept <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width⑦">width</a> or <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height⑦">height</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a> <td>no <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a> <td>relative to width/height of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block⑧">containing block</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a> <td>as specified, with <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage⑧"><length-percentage></a> values computed <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom/#serializing-css-values">Canonical order:</a> <td>per grammar <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a> <td>by computed value, recursing into <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content②">fit-content()</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/#logical-property-group">Logical property group:</a> <td><a class="css" data-link-type="property">max-size</a> </table> The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width③">max-width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height③">max-height</a> properties specify the <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="max width | maximum width | max size | maximum size" id="max-width">maximum width</dfn> (or “max width”) and <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="max height | maximum height" id="max-height">maximum height</dfn> (or “max height”) of the box, respectively. <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2" id="sizing-values">3.2. Sizing Values: the <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage⑨"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a>, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto③">auto</a> | <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-max-width-none" id="ref-for-valdef-max-width-none">none</a>, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content">min-content</a>, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-max-content①">max-content</a>, and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content③">fit-content()</a> values<a class="self-link" href="#sizing-values"></a></h3> <dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="width, min-width, max-width, height, min-height, max-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-width-length-percentage-0"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①⓪"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a></dfn> <dd> Specifies the size of the box using <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value①"><length></a> and/or <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value①"><percentage></a>. The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing①">box-sizing</a> property indicates whether the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box①">content box</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#border-box" id="ref-for-border-box">border box</a> is measured. Percentages are resolved against the width/height, as appropriate, of the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block⑨">containing block</a>. If, in a particular axis, the containing block’s size depends on the box’s size, see the relevant layout module for special rules on how to resolve percentages. Negative values are invalid. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="width, height, min-width, min-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-width-auto">auto</dfn> <dd> For <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width⑧">width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height⑧">height</a>, specifies an <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-for data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="automatic-size">automatic size</dfn> (<dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-for data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="automatic-block-size">automatic <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size③">block size</a></dfn>/<dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-for data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="automatic-inline-size">automatic <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size④">inline size</a></dfn>). See the relevant layout module for how to calculate this. For <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width④">min-width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height④">min-height</a>, specifies an <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-for data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="automatic-minimum-size">automatic minimum size</dfn>. Unless otherwise defined by the relevant layout module, however, it resolves to a used value of 0. For backwards-compatibility, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-1/#resolved-value" id="ref-for-resolved-value">resolved value</a> of this keyword is zero for boxes of all <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#display-type" id="ref-for-display-type">display types</a>: block and inline boxes, inline blocks, and all the table layout boxes. It also resolves to zero when no box is generated. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="max-width, max-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-max-width-none">none</dfn> <dd> No limit on the size of the box. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="width, min-width, max-width, height, min-height, max-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-width-min-content">min-content</dfn> <dd> Use the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content⑦">min-content size</a> in the relevant axis; for a box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size④">block size</a>, unless otherwise specified, this is equivalent to its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size">automatic size</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="width, min-width, max-width, height, min-height, max-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-width-max-content">max-content</dfn> <dd> Use the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content⑤">max-content size</a> in the relevant axis; for a box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size⑤">block size</a>, unless otherwise specified, this is equivalent to its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size①">automatic size</a>. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="width, min-width, max-width, height, min-height, max-height" data-dfn-type="function" data-export data-lt="fit-content()" id="funcdef-width-fit-content">fit-content(<a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①①"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a>)</dfn> <dd> Use the fit-content formula with the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available⑦">available space</a> replaced by the specified argument, i.e. <code>min(<a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-max-content②">max-content</a>, max(<a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content①">min-content</a>, <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①②"><length-percentage></a>))</code>, where the <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①③"><length-percentage></a> argument is resolved exactly as for <length-percentage> values standing alone. Negative <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①⑤"><length-percentage></a> values are invalid. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="width, min-width, max-width, height, min-height, max-height" data-dfn-type="function" data-export id="funcdef-width-calc-size">calc-size()</dfn> <dd> See <a class="production css" data-link-type="function" href="#funcdef-width-calc-size" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-calc-size③"><calc-size()></a>. Note: The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-max-width-none" id="ref-for-valdef-max-width-none①">none</a> keyword is not usable within <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-calc-size" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-calc-size④">calc-size()</a>. </dl> In all cases, the used value is floored to preserve a non-negative <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inner-size" id="ref-for-inner-size">inner size</a>. Note: The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content②">min-content</a>, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-max-content③">max-content</a>, and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content④">fit-content()</a> values are new in Level 3. Note: The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/#propdef-flex-basis" id="ref-for-propdef-flex-basis">flex-basis</a> property hereby also gains these new keywords, as its values are defined by reference to <<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width⑨">width</a>>. Note: This section previously defined <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#valdef-width-stretch" id="ref-for-valdef-width-stretch">stretch</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#valdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-fit-content">fit-content</a> as keywords representing the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#stretch-fit-size" id="ref-for-stretch-fit-size②">stretch-fit size</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fit-content-size" id="ref-for-fit-content-size">fit-content size</a>, respectively. These keywords have been deferred to Level 4 (along with an additional <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#valdef-width-contain" id="ref-for-valdef-width-contain">contain</a> keyword that behaves similarly to stretch but preserves the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-preferred-aspect-ratio②">preferred aspect ratio</a>, if any) to better work out the implications in situations with <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#indefinite" id="ref-for-indefinite④">indefinite</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available⑧">available space</a>. <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2.1" id="behave-auto">3.2.1. “Behaving as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto④">auto</a>”<a class="self-link" href="#behave-auto"></a></h4> To have a common term for both when <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①⓪">width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height⑨">height</a> computes to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto⑤">auto</a> and when it is defined to behave as if auto were specified (as in the case of <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#the-height-property">block percentage heights</a> resolving against an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#indefinite" id="ref-for-indefinite⑤">indefinite</a> size, see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#the-height-property">CSS2§10.5</a>), the property is said to <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-lt="behave as auto|behaves as auto|behaving as auto" id="behave-as-auto">behave as auto</dfn> in both of these cases. Note: Legacy spec prose defining layout behavior, particularly in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a>, might explicitly refer to <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①①">width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①⓪">height</a> having a computed value of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto⑦">auto</a> as a condition; some of these cases should be interpreted as meaning <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#behave-as-auto" id="ref-for-behave-as-auto">behaves as auto</a>, and reported to the CSSWG for updating. <a class="self-link" href="#issue-6215c343"></a> Replace this section with references to the new term <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size②">automatic size</a>. <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2.2" id="the-contain-floats-value">3.2.2. Containing or Excluding Floats<a class="self-link" href="#the-contain-floats-value"></a></h4> This section is non-normative. Although <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#block-box" id="ref-for-block-box">block box</a> boundaries are typically pervious to floats, sometimes an author needs them to contain their own (descendant) floats or to exclude floats from outside. For Block layout, specifying <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display" id="ref-for-propdef-display">display: flow-root</a> will make the box a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#formatting-context" id="ref-for-formatting-context">formatting context</a> root, which has this behavior. Note: Boxes participating in Flex, Grid, or Table layout will automatically have this behavior. <h3 class="heading settled caniuse-paneled" data-level="3.3" id="box-sizing">3.3. Box Edges for Sizing: the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing②">box-sizing</a> property<a class="self-link" href="#box-sizing"></a></h3> <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="box-sizing"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Name: <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-box-sizing">box-sizing</dfn> <tr class="value"> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a> <td class="prod">content-box <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one①⑤">|</a> border-box <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a> <td>content-box <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#applies-to">Applies to:</a> <td>all elements that accept <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①②">width</a> or <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①①">height</a> <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a> <td>no <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a> <td>N/A <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a> <td>specified keyword <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom/#serializing-css-values">Canonical order:</a> <td>per grammar <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a> <td>discrete </table> The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing③">box-sizing</a> property defines whether fixed sizes (such as <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value②"><length></a>s and <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value②"><percentage></a>s) are assigned to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box②">content box</a> or to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#border-box" id="ref-for-border-box①">border box</a>. It affects the interpretation of all <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property">sizing properties</a>, including <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/#propdef-flex-basis" id="ref-for-propdef-flex-basis①">flex-basis</a>. Values have the following meanings: <dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="box-sizing" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-box-sizing-content-box">content-box</dfn> <dd> Sizes specified on <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property①">sizing properties</a> as <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①⑥"><length-percentage></a> represent the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inner-size" id="ref-for-inner-size①">inner sizes</a>, excluding the margins/border/padding: they are applied to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box③">content box</a>. The padding and border of the box are laid out and drawn outside the specified <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①③">width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①②">height</a>. Note: This is the behavior of width and height as specified by CSS2.1, and is thus the default. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="box-sizing" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-box-sizing-border-box">border-box</dfn> <dd> Sizes specified on <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property②">sizing properties</a> as <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①⑦"><length-percentage></a> represent the box’s visually-apparent sizes, including the borders/padding (but not margin): they are applied to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#border-box" id="ref-for-border-box②">border box</a>. The padding and border of the box are laid out and drawn inside the specified <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①④">width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①③">height</a>, with the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box④">content box</a> sized to fill the remaining space, floored at zero. The content width and height are calculated by subtracting the border and padding widths of the respective sides from the specified <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①⑧"><length-percentage></a>. As the content width and height <a href="#sizing-values">cannot be negative</a>, this computation is floored at zero. Used values, as exposed for instance through <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-1/#dom-window-getcomputedstyle" id="ref-for-dom-window-getcomputedstyle">getComputedStyle()</a></code>, also refer to the border box. </dl> Values affected by <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing④">box-sizing</a> include both raw <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①⑨"><length-percentage></a> values and those used in functional notations such as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content⑤">fit-content()</a>. In contrast, non-quantitative values such as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto⑧">auto</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content③">min-content</a> are not influenced by the box-sizing property (unless otherwise specified). <div class="example" id="example-8af7a68e"> <a class="self-link" href="#example-8af7a68e"></a> For example, the following properties set the content-box size of the box to 100px, with the border-box size calculating to 120px: <pre class="lang-css highlight">.box <c- p>{</c-> <c- k>box-sizing</c-><c- p>:</c-> content-box<c- p>;</c-> <c- c>/* default */</c-> width: <c- m>100</c-><c- k>px</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>padding-left</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>10</c-><c- k>px</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>border-left</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>10</c-><c- k>px</c-> solid<c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c-> </pre> On the other hand, by changing to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-box-sizing-border-box" id="ref-for-valdef-box-sizing-border-box">border-box</a>, the border-box is set to 100px, with the content-box size calculating to 80px: <pre class="lang-css highlight">.box <c- p>{</c-> <c- k>box-sizing</c-><c- p>:</c-> border-box<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>width</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>100</c-><c- k>px</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>padding-left</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>10</c-><c- k>px</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>border-left</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>10</c-><c- k>px</c-> solid<c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c-> </pre> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inner-size" id="ref-for-inner-size②">inner size</a> can’t be less than zero, so if the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#propdef-padding" id="ref-for-propdef-padding">padding</a> + <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border" id="ref-for-propdef-border">border</a> is greater than the specified border-box size, the box will end up larger than specified. In this case, the content-box size will floor at 0px so the border-box size ends up at 120px, even though <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①⑤">width: 100px</a> is specified for the border box: <pre class="lang-css highlight">.box <c- p>{</c-> <c- k>box-sizing</c-><c- p>:</c-> border-box<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>width</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>100</c-><c- k>px</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>padding-left</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>60</c-><c- k>px</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>border-left</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>60</c-><c- k>px</c-> solid<c- p>;</c-> <c- c>/* padding + border = 120px */</c-> <c- p>}</c-> </pre> </div> <div class="example" id="example-0700ac27"> <a class="self-link" href="#example-0700ac27"></a> This example uses box-sizing to evenly horizontally split two divs with fixed size borders inside a div container, which would otherwise require additional markup. sample CSS: <pre><code class="lang-css highlight">div.container <c- p>{</c-> <c- k>width</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>38</c-><c- k>em</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>border</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>1</c-><c- k>em</c-> solid black<c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c-> div.split <c- p>{</c-> <c- k>box-sizing</c-><c- p>:</c->border-box<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>width</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>50</c-><c- k>%</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>border</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>1</c-><c- k>em</c-> silver ridge<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>float</c-><c- p>:</c->left<c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c-> </code></pre> sample HTML fragment: <pre><code class="lang-markup highlight"><c- p><</c-><c- f>div</c-> <c- e>class</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"container"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>div</c-> <c- e>class</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"split"</c-><c- p>></c->This div occupies the left half.<c- p></</c-><c- f>div</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>div</c-> <c- e>class</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"split"</c-><c- p>></c->This div occupies the right half.<c- p></</c-><c- f>div</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>div</c-><c- p>></c-> </code></pre> demonstration of sample CSS and HTML: <div style="max-width:38em; border:1em solid black"> <div style="box-sizing:border-box; width:50%; border:1em silver ridge; float:left">This div should occupy the left half.</div> <div style="box-sizing:border-box; width:50%; border:1em silver ridge; float:left">This div should occupy the right half.</div> The two divs above should appear side by side, each (including borders) 50% of the content width of their container. If instead they are stacked one on top of the other then your browser does not support <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing⑥">box-sizing</a>. </div> </div> Note: Certain HTML elements, such as <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-button-element" id="ref-for-the-button-element">button</a></code>, default to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-box-sizing-border-box" id="ref-for-valdef-box-sizing-border-box①">border-box</a> behavior. See HTML for details on which elements have this behavior. In legacy CSS specifications, the terms <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#width" id="ref-for-width②">width</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#height" id="ref-for-height②">height</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width">minimum (min) width</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-height" id="ref-for-min-height">minimum (min) height</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-width" id="ref-for-max-width">maximum (max) width</a>, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-height" id="ref-for-max-height">maximum (max) height</a> generally refer to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inner-size" id="ref-for-inner-size③">inner</a> size (<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box⑤">content-box</a> size) of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#box" id="ref-for-box②">box</a> unless otherwise indicated. Refer to <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-3/#box-sizing"><cite>CSS User Interface 3</cite> § 4.1 Changing the Box Model: the box-sizing property</a> for an explicit disambiguation of these terms for the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visudet.html">Visual formatting model details</a> section of <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a>. <div class="advisement">To avoid ambiguities, specification authors should avoid ambiguous uses of terms such as width or height without further qualification, and should explicitly refer and link to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inner-size" id="ref-for-inner-size④">inner</a> size, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#outer-size" id="ref-for-outer-size②">outer</a> size, the size of the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css2/box.html#box-dimensions">border-box</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value">computed value</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property③">sizing properties</a>, etc, as appropriate for each case. </div> <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.4" id="column-sizing">3.4. New Column Sizing Values: the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-column-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-column-width-min-content">min-content</a>, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-column-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-column-width-max-content">max-content</a>, and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-column-width-fit-content-length-percentage" id="ref-for-valdef-column-width-fit-content-length-percentage">fit-content()</a> values<a class="self-link" href="#column-sizing"></a></h3> <table class="def propdef partial" data-link-for-hint="column-width"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Name: <td><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-2/#propdef-column-width" id="ref-for-propdef-column-width②">column-width</a> <tr class="value"> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#value-defs">New values:</a> <td class="prod">min-content <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one①⑥">|</a> max-content | fit-content(<a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②⓪"><length-percentage></a>) <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a> <td>as specified, with <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②①"><length-percentage></a> values computed <tr> <th><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a> <td>by computed value type </table> When used as values for <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-2/#propdef-column-width" id="ref-for-propdef-column-width③">column-width</a>, the new keywords specify the optimal column width: <dl> <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="column-width" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-column-width-min-content">min-content</dfn> <dd>Specifies the optimal column width as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-inline-size" id="ref-for-min-content-inline-size">min-content inline size</a> of the multi-column container’s contents. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="column-width" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-column-width-max-content">max-content</dfn> <dd>Specifies the optimal column width as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-inline-size" id="ref-for-max-content-inline-size">max-content inline size</a> of the multi-column container’s contents. <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="column-width" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-column-width-fit-content-length-percentage">fit-content(<a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②②"><length-percentage></a>)</dfn> <dd> Specifies the optimal column width as <code>min(<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content⑥">max-content size</a>, max(<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content⑧">min-content size</a>, <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②③"><length-percentage></a>))</code> </dl> Note: The column width never varies by column. When the column width is informed by the multi-column container’s contents (as in the keywords above), all of its contents are taken under consideration and the calculated width is shared by all the columns. <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="extrinsic">4. Extrinsic Size Determination<a class="self-link" href="#extrinsic"></a></h2> <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="extrinsic-sizing">Extrinsic sizing</dfn> determines sizes based on the context of an element, without regard for its contents. <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="4.1" id="percentage-sizing">4.1. Percentage Sizing<a class="self-link" href="#percentage-sizing"></a></h3> Percentages specify sizing of a box with respect to the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block①①">containing block</a>. <div class="example" id="example-65abfbed"> <a class="self-link" href="#example-65abfbed"></a> For example, in the following markup: <pre class="lang-html highlight"><c- p><</c-><c- f>article</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 60em"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>figure</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 50%;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>img</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 50%;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>figure</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>article</c-><c- p>></c-> </pre> <ul> <li data-md> the <code><figure></code> would be 30em tall = 50% of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite⑥">definite</a> 60em height of the <code><article></code> <li data-md> the <code><img></code> would be 15em tall = 50% of the <code><figure></code>’s height (which is itself <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite⑦">definite</a> because it’s a percentage resolved against a definite length) </ul> </div> See <a href="#cyclic-percentage-contribution">§ 5.2.1 Intrinsic Contributions of Percentage-Sized Boxes</a> for details on how to resolve percentages when the size of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block①②">containing block</a> depends on the size of its content. <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="intrinsic">5. Intrinsic Size Determination<a class="self-link" href="#intrinsic"></a></h2> <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="intrinsic-sizing">Intrinsic sizing</dfn> determines sizes based on the contents of an element, without regard for its context. <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1" id="intrinsic-sizes">5.1. Intrinsic Sizes<a class="self-link" href="#intrinsic-sizes"></a></h3> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content⑨">min-content size</a> of a box in each axis is the size it would have if it was a float given an <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto⑨">auto</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-size" id="ref-for-preferred-size">preferred size</a> in that axis (and no <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width①">minimum</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-width" id="ref-for-max-width①">maximum size</a> in that axis) and if its containing block was zero-sized in that axis. (In other words, the minimum size it has when sized as “shrink-to-fit”.) The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content⑦">max-content size</a> of a box in each axis is the size it would have if it was a float given an <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①⓪">auto</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-size" id="ref-for-preferred-size①">preferred size</a> in that axis (and no <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width②">minimum</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-width" id="ref-for-max-width②">maximum size</a> in that axis), and if its containing block was infinitely-sized in that axis. (In other words, the maximum size it has when sized as “shrink-to-fit”.) The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content①⓪">min-content size</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content⑧">max-content size</a> are collectively referred to as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size①">intrinsic sizes</a>. Note: When the box has a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-preferred-aspect-ratio③">preferred aspect ratio</a>, size constraints in the opposite dimension will transfer through and can affect the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①①">auto</a> size in the considered one. See <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html">CSS2§10</a>. This specification does not define how to determine the sizes of floats. Please refer to <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a>. However, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size②">intrinsic sizes</a> of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element①">replaced elements</a> without <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#natural-size" id="ref-for-natural-size">natural sizes</a> are defined below: <dl> <dt>If it has a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-preferred-aspect-ratio④">preferred aspect ratio</a>: <dd> For the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content①①">min-content size</a>, use zero. For the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content⑨">max-content size</a>: <ul> <li data-md> If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#available" id="ref-for-available⑨">available space</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite⑨">definite</a> in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis" id="ref-for-inline-axis③">inline axis</a>, use the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#stretch-fit" id="ref-for-stretch-fit②">stretch fit</a> into that size for the inline size and calculate the block size using the aspect ratio. <li data-md> Otherwise if the box has a <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value③"><length></a> as its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value①">computed value</a> for <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width⑤">min-width</a> or <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height⑤">min-height</a>, use that size and calculate the other dimension using the aspect ratio; if both dimensions have a <length> minimum, choose the one that results in the larger overall size. Note: This case was previous calculated from a 300x150 default size, rather than the box’s min size. This is believed to be a better behavior, and likely to be Web-compatible, but please send feedback to the CSSWG if there are any problems. <li data-md> Otherwise use an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size⑤">inline size</a> matching the corresponding dimension of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#initial-containing-block" id="ref-for-initial-containing-block②">initial containing block</a> and calculate the other dimension using the aspect ratio. </ul> <dt>If it has no <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-preferred-aspect-ratio⑤">preferred aspect ratio</a>: <dd> For both the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content①②">min-content size</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content①⓪">max-content size</a>: <ul> <li data-md> If the box has a <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value⑤"><length></a> as its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value②">computed</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width③">minimum size</a> (<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width⑥">min-width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height⑥">min-height</a>) in that dimension, use that size. Note: This author-controllable behavior is made possible by the new <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①②">auto</a> value for the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-size-properties" id="ref-for-min-size-properties③">min size properties</a>. This is believed to be a better behavior, but it is not yet clear if it is Web-compatible, so please send feedback to the CSSWG if there are any problems. <li data-md> Otherwise, use 300px for the width and/or 150px for the height as needed. </ul> </dl> Since a block-level or inline-level replaced element whose <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①④">height</a> or <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①⑥">width</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#behave-as-auto" id="ref-for-behave-as-auto①">behaves as auto</a> is effectively defined to use its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content①①">max-content size</a> (<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#inline-replaced-width">CSS2§10.3.2</a>), this specification applies the rules above to the undefined case of a replaced element whose height and width both behave as auto. Note: This specification does not define how to determine the size of a float. Please refer to <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a>, the relevant CSS specification for that display type, and/or existing implementations for further details. A future specification will define this in detail, replacing the CSS2 “definition”, such as it is. <hr> Although the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①③">auto</a> size of text input controls such as HTML’s <code><input type=text></code> and <code><textarea></code> elements is typically a fixed size, the contents of such elements can be used to determine a content-based <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size③">intrinsic size</a>, as for non-replaced block containers. The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content④">min-content</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-max-content④">max-content</a> keywords of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property④">sizing properties</a> thus represent content-based sizes for form controls which render their value as text contained within their box, allowing such controls to size to fit their visible contents similarly to regular non-replaced elements. The content in this case is defined to be the input control’s values (the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#concept-textarea-raw-value" id="ref-for-concept-textarea-raw-value">raw value</a> in the case of <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-textarea-element" id="ref-for-the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>, or the <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#concept-fe-value">value</a> in the case of <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element" id="ref-for-the-input-element">input</a></code>), possibly transformed to a more human-readable and/or localized display format, which is then treated as child <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#css-text-sequence" id="ref-for-css-text-sequence">text sequences</a> of the input control, allowing <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-4/#soft-wrap-opportunity" id="ref-for-soft-wrap-opportunity">soft wrap opportunities</a> only where the input control would actually allow wrapping (whether keyed off of CSS properties or other, UA-internal constraints). If the input control has designated placeholder text to be overlaid in its value display area, then that text is also measured for the purpose of calculating the content-based size—whether or not the placeholder text is visible at the moment. (Thus the content-based <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size④">intrinsic size</a> of the input control is the larger of the size to fit the placeholder text and the size to fit the value.) The UA may enforce a minimum (such as the size required to contain a single zero-width character, or the smallest usable size of a touch target) on the form control’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content" id="ref-for-min-content①③">min-content</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content①②">max-content sizes</a> to ensure sufficient space for the caret and otherwise maintain usability of the form control. Note: This might be extended to <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element" id="ref-for-the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code> or other content-containing replaced elements (see <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/1771">discussion</a>), but text inputs are a major use-case; and being document-internal, have the least additional complications. <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2" id="intrinsic-contribution">5.2. Intrinsic Contributions<a class="self-link" href="#intrinsic-contribution"></a></h3> A box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution②">min-content contribution</a>/<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-contribution" id="ref-for-max-content-contribution②">max-content contribution</a> in each axis is the size of the content box of a hypothetical <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①④">auto</a>-sized float that contains only that box, if that hypothetical float’s containing block is zero-sized/infinitely-sized. Note: This specification does not define precisely how to determine these sizes. Please refer to <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a>, the relevant CSS specification for that display type, the <a href="#percentage-sizing">rules for handling percentages</a> (below), and/or existing implementations for further details. <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2.1" id="cyclic-percentage-contribution">5.2.1. Intrinsic Contributions of Percentage-Sized Boxes<a class="self-link" href="#cyclic-percentage-contribution"></a></h4> Sometimes the size of a percentage-sized box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block①③">containing block</a> depends on the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size-contribution" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size-contribution">intrinsic size contribution</a> of the box itself, creating a cyclic dependency. When calculating the intrinsic size contribution of such a box (including any calculations for a content-based <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#automatic-minimum-size" id="ref-for-automatic-minimum-size">automatic minimum size</a>), a percentage value that resolves against a size in the same axis as the intrinsic size contribution (a <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export data-local-lt="cyclic percentage" id="cyclic-percentage-size">cyclic percentage size</dfn>) is resolved specially: <ol type="a"> <li id="non-replaced-percentage-contribution"><a class="self-link" href="#non-replaced-percentage-contribution"></a> If the box is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#non-replaced" id="ref-for-non-replaced①">non-replaced</a>, then the entire value of any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-size-properties" id="ref-for-max-size-properties④">max size property</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-size-properties" id="ref-for-preferred-size-properties④">preferred size property</a> (<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①⑧">width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width④">max-width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①⑥">height</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height④">max-height</a>) specified as an expression <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#css-contain-a-percentage" id="ref-for-css-contain-a-percentage">containing a percentage</a> (such as 10% or calc(10px + 0%)) that is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#cyclic-percentage-size" id="ref-for-cyclic-percentage-size">cyclic</a> is treated for the purpose of calculating the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size-contribution" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size-contribution③">intrinsic size contributions</a> only as that property’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/#initial-value" id="ref-for-initial-value">initial value</a>. For example, given a box with width: calc(20px + 50%), its max-content contribution is calculated as if its width were <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①⑤">auto</a>. (The percentage is honored as usual, however, during the actual sizing of the box itself; see below.) <li id="replaced-percentage-max-contribution"><a class="self-link" href="#replaced-percentage-max-contribution"></a> Likewise, if the box is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element②">replaced</a>, then the entire value of any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-size-properties" id="ref-for-max-size-properties①">max size property</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-size-properties" id="ref-for-preferred-size-properties①">preferred size property</a> specified as an expression containing a percentage that is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#cyclic-percentage-size" id="ref-for-cyclic-percentage-size①">cyclic</a> is treated for the purpose of calculating the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-contribution" id="ref-for-max-content-contribution③">max-content contributions</a> only as that property’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/#initial-value" id="ref-for-initial-value①">initial value</a>. <li id="replaced-percentage-min-contribution"> <a class="self-link" href="#replaced-percentage-min-contribution"></a> If the box is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element③">replaced</a>, a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#cyclic-percentage-size" id="ref-for-cyclic-percentage-size②">cyclic percentage</a> in the value of any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-size-properties" id="ref-for-max-size-properties②">max size property</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-size-properties" id="ref-for-preferred-size-properties②">preferred size property</a> (<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width②①">width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width⑤">max-width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①⑦">height</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height⑤">max-height</a>), is resolved against zero when calculating the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution③">min-content contribution</a> in the corresponding axis. (See <a href="#min-content-zero">§ 5.2.2 Compressible Replaced Elements</a> for a list of which elements in HTML this applies to.) If the box also has a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-preferred-aspect-ratio⑥">preferred aspect ratio</a>, then this min-content contribution is floored by any <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②④"><length-percentage></a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width④">minimum size</a> from the opposite axis—resolving any such percentage against zero—transferred through the preferred aspect ratio. <a class="self-link" href="#issue-1b92b23f"></a> Should we resolve transferred percentages against their containing block instead of zero before transferring them? See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6341">discussion</a>. The UA may additionally floor the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution⑤">min-content contribution</a> based on UI considerations, such as ensuring certain UI elements remain visible (for example, the dropdown arrow on a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element">select</a></code>). Note: The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution⑥">min-content contribution</a> is, as always, also floored by the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width⑤">minimum size</a> in its own axis. This rule also applies when calculating a content-based <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#automatic-minimum-size" id="ref-for-automatic-minimum-size①">automatic minimum size</a> or its corresponding size contribution, yielding a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite①⓪">definite</a> “specified size suggestion”. <div class="example" id="example-b06093ff"><a class="self-link" href="#example-b06093ff"></a> For example, an <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element" id="ref-for-the-input-element①">input</a></code> assigned <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width②②">width: calc(50% + 50px)</a> has a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution⑦">min-content contribution</a> of 50px, plus any horizontal margin/border/padding. </div> <li id="min-percentage-contribution"><a class="self-link" href="#min-percentage-contribution"></a> For the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-size-properties" id="ref-for-min-size-properties①">min size properties</a>, as well as for <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#margin" id="ref-for-margin">margins</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#padding" id="ref-for-padding">paddings</a> (and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#gutter" id="ref-for-gutter">gutters</a>), a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#cyclic-percentage-size" id="ref-for-cyclic-percentage-size③">cyclic percentage</a> is resolved against zero for determining <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size-contribution" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size-contribution④">intrinsic size contributions</a>. </ol> <table class="data"> <caption>Summary of the Cyclic-Percentage Intrinsic Size Contribution Rules (Above)</caption> <colgroup span="1"> <colgroup span="2"> <colgroup span="2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="row">Element Type <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element④">Replaced</a> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#non-replaced" id="ref-for-non-replaced②">Non-replaced</a> <tr> <th scope="row">Contribution Type <th scope="col"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution⑧">min-content</a> <th scope="col"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-contribution" id="ref-for-max-content-contribution④">max-content</a> <th scope="col"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution⑨">min-content</a> <th scope="col"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content-contribution" id="ref-for-max-content-contribution⑤">max-content</a> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-size-properties" id="ref-for-min-size-properties②">min size</a> & <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#margin-properties" id="ref-for-margin-properties">margin</a>/<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#padding-properties" id="ref-for-padding-properties">padding</a> <td><a href="#min-percentage-contribution">zeroᵈ</a> <td><a href="#min-percentage-contribution">zeroᵈ</a> <td><a href="#min-percentage-contribution">zeroᵈ</a> <td><a href="#min-percentage-contribution">zeroᵈ</a> <tr> <th scope="row"><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-size-properties" id="ref-for-max-size-properties③">max</a> & <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-size-properties" id="ref-for-preferred-size-properties③">preferred size</a> <td><a href="#replaced-percentage-min-contribution">zeroᶜ</a> <td><a href="#replaced-percentage-max-contribution">initialᵇ</a> <td><a href="#non-replaced-percentage-contribution">initialᵃ</a> <td><a href="#non-replaced-percentage-contribution">initialᵃ</a> </table> Then, unless otherwise specified, when calculating the used sizes and positions of the containing block’s contents: <ul> <li data-md> If the cyclic dependency was introduced due to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis" id="ref-for-block-axis②">block-axis</a> size other than a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width⑥">minimum size</a> on the containing block (i.e. a <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/#propdef-block-size" id="ref-for-propdef-block-size">block-size</a> or <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/#propdef-max-block-size" id="ref-for-propdef-max-block-size">max-block-size</a> in most layout modes, or a <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/#propdef-flex-basis" id="ref-for-propdef-flex-basis②">flex-basis</a> in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/#flex-layout" id="ref-for-flex-layout">flex layout</a>) that causes it to depend on the size of its contents, the box’s percentage is not resolved and instead <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#behave-as-auto" id="ref-for-behave-as-auto③">behaves as auto</a>. Note: <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid-2/#grid-item" id="ref-for-grid-item">Grid items</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/#flex-item" id="ref-for-flex-item">flex items</a> do allow percentages to resolve in this case. <li data-md> Otherwise, the percentage is resolved against the containing block’s size. (The containing block’s size is not re-resolved based on the resulting size of the box; the contents might thus overflow or underflow the containing block). </ul> Note: These rules specify the previously-undefined behavior of this cyclic case in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#the-width-property">CSS2§10.2</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html#margin-properties">CSS2§8.3</a>, and <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.padding-properties">CSS2§8.4</a>. Note also, the behavior in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#the-height-property">CSS2§10.5</a> is superseded in their respective specifications for layout modes (such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-flexbox/">flex layout</a>) not described in CSS2. <div class="example" id="example-a57016da"> <a class="self-link" href="#example-a57016da"></a> For example, in the following markup: <pre class="lang-html highlight"><c- p><</c-><c- f>article</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"width: min-content"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>aside</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"width: 50%;"</c-><c- p>></c-> LOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONG <c- p></</c-><c- f>aside</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>article</c-><c- p>></c-> </pre> When calculating the width of the outer <code><article></code>, the inner <code><aside></code> behaves as <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width②③">width: auto</a>, so the <code><article></code> sets itself to the width of the long word. Since the <code><article></code>’s width didn’t depend on "real" layout, though, it’s treated as <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#definite" id="ref-for-definite①①">definite</a> for resolving the <code><aside></code>, whose width resolves to half that of the <code><article></code>. </div> <div class="example" id="example-a6fc9bae"> <a class="self-link" href="#example-a6fc9bae"></a> In this example, <pre class="lang-html highlight"><c- p><</c-><c- f>article</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height:auto"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>aside</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 50%;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>div</c-> <c- e>class</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>block</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 150px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>div</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>aside</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>section</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 30px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>section</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>article</c-><c- p>></c-> </pre> because the percentage <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size⑥">block size</a> (<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①⑧">height</a>, in this case) on block-level elements is defined to not resolve inside content-sized containing blocks, the percentage height on the <code><aside></code> is ignored, that is, it behaves exactly as if <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①⑥">auto</a> were specified. </div> <div class="example" id="example-8559f728"> <a class="self-link" href="#example-8559f728"></a> <a class="self-link" href="#issue-9b3707fe"></a> Letting percentages still resolve against a definite <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①⑨">height</a> when the min-height is intrinsic is an open issue. (CSS2 has a general statement about "height depending on contents", which this technically is, even though CSS2 didn’t have content-dependent keywords for <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height⑦">min-height</a>. Since this is new, we think we could have this different behavior.) The following examples illustrate how block-axis percentages resolve against a containing block whose size depends on its contents. <pre class="lang-html highlight"><c- p><</c-><c- f>article</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height:100px; min-height: min-content;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>aside</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 50%;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>div</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 150px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>div</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>aside</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>section</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 30px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>section</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>article</c-><c- p>></c-> </pre> The initial height of the <code><article></code> is 100px, as specified, which would make the <code><aside></code> 50px tall when it resolved its percentage. However, we must calculate the min-height, by substituting it in for <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height②⓪">height</a>. This causes the percentage on the <code><aside></code> to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#behave-as-auto" id="ref-for-behave-as-auto④">behave as auto</a>, so the <code><aside></code> ends up 150px tall. The total height of the contents is thus 180px. This is larger than the specified 100px height, so the <code><article></code> gets adjusted to 180px tall. Then, since the percentage could originally resolve against the (100px) height, it now resolves against the 180px height, so the <code><aside></code> ends up being 90px tall. <pre class="lang-html highlight"><c- p><</c-><c- f>article</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height:auto; min-height: min-content;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>aside</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 50%;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>div</c-> <c- e>class</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>block</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 150px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>div</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>aside</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>section</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 30px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>section</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>article</c-><c- p>></c-> </pre> In this case, the percentage on the <code><aside></code> won’t normally resolve, because the containing block’s height is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①⑦">auto</a> (and thus depends on the size of its contents). Instead it <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#behave-as-auto" id="ref-for-behave-as-auto⑤">behaves as auto</a>, resulting in a height of 150px for the <code><aside></code>, and an initial height of 180px for the <code><article></code> The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height⑧">min-height</a> doesn’t change this; <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height②①">height: min-content;</a> acts similarly to height: auto; and results in the same sizes. <pre class="lang-html highlight"><c- p><</c-><c- f>article</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height:100px; min-height: min-content;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>aside</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 200%;"</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>div</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 150px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>div</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>aside</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p><</c-><c- f>section</c-> <c- e>style</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"height: 30px;"</c-><c- p>></</c-><c- f>section</c-><c- p>></c-> <c- p></</c-><c- f>article</c-><c- p>></c-> </pre> This is a variation on the first code block, and follows a similar path; the <code><aside></code> initially wants to compute to 200px tall (200% of the 100px containing block height). When we calculate the effects of <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height⑨">min-height</a>, the percentage <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#behave-as-auto" id="ref-for-behave-as-auto⑥">behaves as auto</a>, causing it to become 150px tall, and the total <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content⑤">min-content</a> height of the containing block to be 180px tall. Since this is larger than 100px, the <code><article></code> gets clamped to 180px, the percentage resolves against this new height, and the <code><aside></code> ends up being 360px tall, overflowing the <code><article></code> </div> <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2.2" id="min-content-zero">5.2.2. Compressible Replaced Elements<a class="self-link" href="#min-content-zero"></a></h4> In addition to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element⑤">replaced elements</a> listed in <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#replaced-elements">HTML§14.4</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html" title="HTML Standard">[HTML]</a>, the following HTML elements are also considered to be replaced elements for the purpose of the <a href="#replaced-percentage-min-contribution">percentage-sized replaced element rule</a> above, and can have their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-contribution" id="ref-for-min-content-contribution①⓪">min-content contribution</a> compressed when their <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width②④">width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height②③">height</a> or <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width⑥">max-width</a>/<a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height⑥">max-height</a> is expressed with a cyclic percentage size: <ul> <li data-md> <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element" id="ref-for-the-input-element②">input</a></code> with any <code><a data-link-type="element-sub" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#attr-input-type" id="ref-for-attr-input-type">type</a></code> that is not "button-like"; this can vary depending on the UA. A type is "button-like" in a particular UA if it displays similar to a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-button-element" id="ref-for-the-button-element①">button</a></code> element, where it can contains actual content that determines the layout of the element. In most UAs, the "button", "reset", "submit", and "color" types are button-like; the "file" type is also partially button-like in some UAs, when it’s displayed as a combination of a text input (shrinkable) and a button (button-like, and thus not shrinkable). <li data-md> <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element①">select</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-textarea-element" id="ref-for-the-textarea-element①">textarea</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-progress-element" id="ref-for-the-progress-element">progress</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-meter-element" id="ref-for-the-meter-element">meter</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/obsolete.html#the-marquee-element" id="ref-for-the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>. </ul> <a class="self-link" href="#issue-d999780f"></a> Tracking web-compat & implementation progress of applying this to max-width/height in <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6348">Issue 6348</a>. <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6348">[Issue #6348]</a> <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="changes"> Changes<a class="self-link" href="#changes"></a></h2> <h3 class="no-num heading settled" id="changes-recent"> Recent Changes<a class="self-link" href="#changes-recent"></a></h3> Changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/WD-css-sizing-3-20201218/">18 December 2020 Working Draft</a> include: <ul> <li>Fixed the order of <a class="property css" data-link-type="property">contain-intrinsic</a> size values when <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#valdef-contain-intrinsic-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-contain-intrinsic-width-auto">auto</a> is combined with other values so that parsing is unambiguous. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6391">Issue 6391</a>) <li>Clarified which elements are allowed to not have a last remembered size for <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#propdef-contain-intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-propdef-contain-intrinsic-size">contain-intrinsic-size: auto</a>. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6220">Issue 6220</a>) <li>Limited <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#propdef-contain-intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-propdef-contain-intrinsic-size①">contain-intrinsic-size: auto</a> to when content-visibility' is content-visibility/auto''. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6308">Issue 6308</a>) </ul> Changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2020/WD-css-sizing-3-20201218/">18 December 2020 Working Draft</a> include: <ul> <li> Fixed various errors in definition of max-content sizes of replaced elements in <a href="#intrinsic-sizes">§ 5.1 Intrinsic Sizes</a>. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6072">Issue 6072</a>) <li> Added missing statement handling <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-content-constraint" id="ref-for-min-content-constraint③">min-content constraint</a> to definition of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fit-content-size" id="ref-for-fit-content-size①">fit-content size</a>. <li> Renamed replaced element “intrinsic” dimensions to “natural” dimensions in order to avoid confusion with <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#intrinsic-size" id="ref-for-intrinsic-size⑤">intrinsic sizes</a> (see <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/4961">Issue 4961</a>). <li> Various other minor editorial fixes and improvements. </ul> Major changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/WD-css-sizing-3-20190522/">22 May 2019 Working Draft</a> include: <ul> <li> Defined that <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content⑥">min-content</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-max-content⑤">max-content</a> do not necessarily behave the same as the property’s initial value if otherwise specified (by the relevant layout module). (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/3973">Issue 3973</a>) <li> Switched intrinsic contribution of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content⑥">fit-content()</a> to treat its argument as that argument would be treated alone for intrinsic contribution calculations and resolve the fit-content formula accordingly, rather than having special behavior for fit-content() resolution when calculating intrinsic contributions. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/3731">Issue 3731</a>) <li> Changed the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#max-content" id="ref-for-max-content①③">max-content size</a> of replaced boxes without an intrinsic size to use their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width⑦">minimum size</a> in place of ICB or 300px×150px only when it is a <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value⑥"><length></a>, see <a href="#intrinsic-sizes">§ 5.1 Intrinsic Sizes</a>. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/4217">Issue 4217</a>) <li> Switched default sizing of an object with a natural aspect ratio to use the ICB size instead of 300px×150px. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/4218">Issue 4218</a>) <li> Defined <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preferred-aspect-ratio" id="ref-for-preferred-aspect-ratio⑧">preferred aspect ratio</a> and used it in place of “intrinsic aspect ratio” where appropriate. <li> Miscellaneous minor / editorial fixes. </ul> Major changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-css-sizing-3-20180304/">4 March 2018 Working Draft</a> include: <ul> <li>Imported the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing⑦">box-sizing</a> definition from <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-3/">CSS UI Level 3</a>. <li>More rigorously specified handling of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#cyclic-percentage-size" id="ref-for-cyclic-percentage-size④">cyclic percentages</a>. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/1132">#1132</a>, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2384">#2384</a>, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2297">#2297</a>, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2674">#2674</a>) <li>Changed the *-content values applied to the bock axis to not compute to the property’s initial value, but to rather “behave as” the property’s initial value. (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2708">#2708</a>) <li>Fixed miscellaneous trivial errors. </ul> Major changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-css-sizing-3-20170207/">7 February 2017 Working Draft</a> include: <ul> <li>More accurate definition of min-content and max-content sizes for replaced elements. <li>Compute new keywords to the initial value, not to a potentially non-existent <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①⑧">auto</a>, when applied to the block axis. <li>Specify that percent sizes on replaced elements zero out their min-content contribution. <li>Fix confusing/wrong definition of percentage sizes resolved against a dependent containing block. (This may require further work.) <li>Deferred the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#valdef-width-stretch" id="ref-for-valdef-width-stretch②">stretch</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#valdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-fit-content①">fit-content</a> keywords to Level 4 to allow for further consideration of their behavior in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#indefinite" id="ref-for-indefinite⑥">indefinite</a> containing blocks. <li>Pulled in full definitions for all of the sizing properties (rather than diffing them): <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width②⑤">width</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height②④">height</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width⑦">min-width</a>, <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height①⓪">min-height</a>, max-width', <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height⑦">max-height</a>, and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing⑧">box-sizing</a>. </ul> <h3 class="no-num heading settled" id="changes-3"> Additions since CSS Level 2<a class="self-link" href="#changes-3"></a></h3> In addition to substantially more detail to the various automatic and content-based sizing algorithms, the following new features have been added since <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2" title="Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification">[CSS2]</a>: <ul> <li>The <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing⑨">box-sizing</a> property (originally defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3" title="CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)">[CSS-UI-3]</a>, then moved here). <li>The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-min-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-min-content⑦">min-content</a>, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-max-content" id="ref-for-valdef-width-max-content⑥">max-content</a>, and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#funcdef-width-fit-content" id="ref-for-funcdef-width-fit-content⑧">fit-content()</a> values of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property⑤">sizing properties</a>. <li>The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto①⑨">auto</a> initial value of the <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width⑧">min-width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height①①">min-height</a> properties (originally defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-flexbox-1" title="CSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1">[CSS-FLEXBOX-1]</a>, then moved here). </ul> <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="acknowledgments"> Acknowledgments<a class="self-link" href="#acknowledgments"></a></h2> Special thanks go to L. David Baron, Aaron Gustafson, Daniel Holbert, and Mats Palmgren for their contributions to this module. <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="priv-sec"> Privacy and Security Considerations<a class="self-link" href="#priv-sec"></a></h2> In order to support automatic layout, CSS sizes boxes to fit their contents. In conjunction with various <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-dom" title="DOM Standard">[DOM]</a> and <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-cssom" title="CSS Object Model (CSSOM)">[CSSOM]</a> APIs which can return the size of those boxes to script, this can expose information about those contents. However, this information is more directly and easily available by inspecting the DOM for the contents, rather than indirecting through the box’s size. Containers that can’t have their contents inspected (such as cross-origin <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element" id="ref-for-the-iframe-element①">iframe</a></code>s) also do not expose sizing information to the outer page, except insofar as <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-4/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element⑦">replaced elements</a> such as images expose their natural size and/or aspect ratio. </main> <h2 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id="w3c-conformance"> Conformance<a class="self-link" href="#w3c-conformance"></a></h2> <h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id="w3c-conventions"> Document conventions<a class="self-link" href="#w3c-conventions"></a></h3> Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in the normative parts of this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification. All of the text of this specification is normative except sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rfc2119" title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">[RFC2119]</a> Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example” or are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="example"</code>, like this: <div class="example" id="w3c-example"> <a class="self-link" href="#w3c-example"></a> This is an example of an informative example. </div> Informative notes begin with the word “Note” and are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this: Note, this is an informative note. Advisements are normative sections styled to evoke special attention and are set apart from other normative text with <code></code>, like this: UAs MUST provide an accessible alternative. <details class="wpt-tests-block" dir="ltr" lang="en" open> <summary>Tests</summary> Tests relating to the content of this specification may be documented in “Tests” blocks like this one. Any such block is non-normative. <ul class="wpt-tests-list"></ul> <hr> </details> <h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id="w3c-conformance-classes"> Conformance classes<a class="self-link" href="#w3c-conformance-classes"></a></h3> Conformance to this specification is defined for three conformance classes: <dl> <dt>style sheet <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#style-sheet">CSS style sheet</a>. <dt>renderer <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a> that interprets the semantics of a style sheet and renders documents that use them. <dt>authoring tool <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a> that writes a style sheet. </dl> A style sheet is conformant to this specification if all of its statements that use syntax defined in this module are valid according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature defined in this module. A renderer is conformant to this specification if, in addition to interpreting the style sheet as defined by the appropriate specifications, it supports all the features defined by this specification by parsing them correctly and rendering the document accordingly. However, the inability of a UA to correctly render a document due to limitations of the device does not make the UA non-conformant. (For example, a UA is not required to render color on a monochrome monitor.) An authoring tool is conformant to this specification if it writes style sheets that are syntactically correct according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature in this module, and meet all other conformance requirements of style sheets as described in this module. <h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id="w3c-partial"> Partial implementations<a class="self-link" href="#w3c-partial"></a></h3> So that authors can exploit the forward-compatible parsing rules to assign fallback values, CSS renderers must treat as invalid (and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#ignore">ignore as appropriate</a>) any at-rules, properties, property values, keywords, and other syntactic constructs for which they have no usable level of support. In particular, user agents must not selectively ignore unsupported component values and honor supported values in a single multi-value property declaration: if any value is considered invalid (as unsupported values must be), CSS requires that the entire declaration be ignored. <h4 class="heading settled" id="w3c-conform-future-proofing"> Implementations of Unstable and Proprietary Features<a class="self-link" href="#w3c-conform-future-proofing"></a></h4> To avoid clashes with future stable CSS features, the CSSWG recommends <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#future-proofing">following best practices</a> for the implementation of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#unstable">unstable</a> features and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#proprietary-extension">proprietary extensions</a> to CSS. <h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id="w3c-testing"> Non-experimental implementations<a class="self-link" href="#w3c-testing"></a></h3> Once a specification reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage, non-experimental implementations are possible, and implementors should release an unprefixed implementation of any CR-level feature they can demonstrate to be correctly implemented according to spec. To establish and maintain the interoperability of CSS across implementations, the CSS Working Group requests that non-experimental CSS renderers submit an implementation report (and, if necessary, the testcases used for that implementation report) to the W3C before releasing an unprefixed implementation of any CSS features. Testcases submitted to W3C are subject to review and correction by the CSS Working Group. Further information on submitting testcases and implementation reports can be found from on the CSS Working Group’s website at <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/">http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/</a>. Questions should be directed to the <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-testsuite">public-css-testsuite@w3.org</a> mailing list. <script src="https://www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2021/fixup.js"></script> <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index">Index<a class="self-link" href="#index"></a></h2> <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-here">Terms defined by this specification<a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-here"></a></h3> <ul class="index"> <li><a href="#valdef-width-auto">auto</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#automatic-block-size">automatic block size</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#automatic-inline-size">automatic inline size</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#automatic-minimum-size">automatic minimum size</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#automatic-size">automatic size</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#available">available</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#available">available block space</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#available">available inline space</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#available">available space</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#behave-as-auto">behave as auto</a>, in § 3.2.1 <li><a href="#behave-as-auto">behaves as auto</a>, in § 3.2.1 <li><a href="#behave-as-auto">behaving as auto</a>, in § 3.2.1 <li><a href="#valdef-box-sizing-border-box">border-box</a>, in § 3.3 <li><a href="#propdef-box-sizing">box-sizing</a>, in § 3.3 <li><a href="#funcdef-width-calc-size">calc-size()</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#valdef-box-sizing-content-box">content-box</a>, in § 3.3 <li><a href="#cyclic-percentage-size">cyclic percentage</a>, in § 5.2.1 <li><a href="#cyclic-percentage-size">cyclic percentage size</a>, in § 5.2.1 <li><a href="#definite">definite</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#definite">definite size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#extrinsic-sizing">Extrinsic sizing</a>, in § 4 <li><a href="#fallback">fallback</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#fallback">fallback size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#funcdef-width-fit-content">fit-content()</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#fit-content-block-size">fit-content block size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#fit-content-inline-size">fit-content inline size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#valdef-column-width-fit-content-length-percentage">fit-content(<length-percentage>)</a>, in § 3.4 <li><a href="#fit-content-size">fit-content size</a>, in § 2.1 <li> height <ul> <li><a href="#propdef-height">(property)</a>, in § 3.1.1 <li><a href="#height">definition of</a>, in § 3.1.1 </ul> <li><a href="#indefinite">indefinite</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#indefinite">indefinite size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#inner-size">inner block size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#inner-size">inner height</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#inner-size">inner inline size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#inner-size">inner size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#inner-size">inner width</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#intrinsic-size">intrinsic size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#constraints">intrinsic size constraint</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#intrinsic-size-contribution">intrinsic size contribution</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#intrinsic-sizing">Intrinsic sizing</a>, in § 5 <li><a href="#valdef-width-length-percentage-0"><length-percentage [0,∞]></a>, in § 3.2 <li> max-content <ul> <li><a href="#max-content">definition of</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#valdef-column-width-max-content">value for column-width</a>, in § 3.4 <li><a href="#valdef-width-max-content">value for width, min-width, max-width, height, min-height, max-height</a>, in § 3.2 </ul> <li><a href="#max-content-block-size">max-content block size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#max-content-contribution">max-content block-size contribution</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#max-content-constraint">max-content constraint</a>, in § 2.3 <li><a href="#max-content-contribution">max-content contribution</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#max-content-inline-size">max-content inline size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#max-content-contribution">max-content inline-size contribution</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#max-content">max-content size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#max-height">max height</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li><a href="#propdef-max-height">max-height</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li><a href="#max-height">maximum height</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li><a href="#max-width">maximum size</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li><a href="#max-width">maximum width</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li><a href="#max-width">max size</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li><a href="#max-size-properties">max size property</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#max-width">max width</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li><a href="#propdef-max-width">max-width</a>, in § 3.1.3 <li> min-content <ul> <li><a href="#min-content">definition of</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#valdef-column-width-min-content">value for column-width</a>, in § 3.4 <li><a href="#valdef-width-min-content">value for width, min-width, max-width, height, min-height, max-height</a>, in § 3.2 </ul> <li><a href="#min-content-block-size">min-content block size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#min-content-contribution">min-content block-size contribution</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#min-content-constraint">min-content constraint</a>, in § 2.3 <li><a href="#min-content-contribution">min-content contribution</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#min-content-inline-size">min-content inline size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#min-content-contribution">min-content inline-size contribution</a>, in § 2.2 <li><a href="#min-content">min-content size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#min-height">min height</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#propdef-min-height">min-height</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#min-height">minimum height</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#min-width">minimum size</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#min-width">minimum width</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#min-width">min size</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#min-size-properties">min size property</a>, in § 3.1.1 <li><a href="#min-width">min width</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#propdef-min-width">min-width</a>, in § 3.1.2 <li><a href="#valdef-max-width-none">none</a>, in § 3.2 <li><a href="#outer-size">outer block size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#outer-size">outer height</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#outer-size">outer inline size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#outer-size">outer size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#outer-size">outer width</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#preferred-aspect-ratio">preferred aspect ratio</a>, in § 2.3 <li><a href="#height">preferred height</a>, in § 3.1.1 <li><a href="#preferred-size">preferred size</a>, in § 3.1.1 <li><a href="#preferred-size-properties">preferred size property</a>, in § 3.1 <li><a href="#width">preferred width</a>, in § 3.1.1 <li><a href="#size">size</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#sizing-property">sizing property</a>, in § 3.1 <li><a href="#stretch-fit">stretch fit</a>, in § 2 <li><a href="#stretch-fit-block-size">stretch-fit block size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#stretch-fit-inline-size">stretch-fit inline size</a>, in § 2.1 <li><a href="#stretch-fit-size">stretch-fit size</a>, in § 2.1 <li> width <ul> <li><a href="#propdef-width">(property)</a>, in § 3.1.1 <li><a href="#width">definition of</a>, in § 3.1.1 </ul> </ul> <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-elsewhere">Terms defined by reference<a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-elsewhere"></a></h3> <ul class="index"> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-ALIGN-3]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>gutter </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-BACKGROUNDS-3]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>border </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-BOX-4]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>border box <li>content box <li>margin <li>margin properties <li>padding <li>padding properties </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-CASCADE-5]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>computed value <li>initial value </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-CONTAIN-2]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>size containment </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-DISPLAY-3]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>box <li>display </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-DISPLAY-4]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>block box <li>block container <li>containing block <li>display type <li>formatting context <li>initial containing block <li>inline <li>inline box <li>non-replaced <li>replaced <li>replaced element <li>text sequence </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-FLEXBOX-1]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>flex item <li>flex layout <li>flex-basis </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-GRID-2]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>grid item </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-IMAGES-3]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>natural aspect ratio <li>natural dimension <li>natural size </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-LOGICAL-1]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>block-size <li>max-block-size </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-MULTICOL-2]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>column-width </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-PAGE-3]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>@page </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-SIZING-4]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>auto <li>contain <li>contain-intrinsic-size <li>fit-content <li>stretch </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-TEXT-4]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>soft wrap opportunity </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-VALUES-4]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li><length-percentage> <li><length> <li><percentage> <li>contain a percentage <li>CSS-wide keywords <li>| </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-4]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>block axis <li>block size <li>block-axis <li>flow-relative <li>inline axis <li>inline size <li>physical <li>writing mode </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSSOM]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>getComputedStyle(elt) <li>resolved value </ul> <li> <a data-link-type="biblio">[HTML]</a> defines the following terms: <ul> <li>button <li>iframe <li>input <li>marquee <li>meter <li>progress <li>raw value <li>select <li>textarea <li>type </ul> </ul> <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="references">References<a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2> <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="normative">Normative References<a class="self-link" href="#normative"></a></h3> <dl> <dt id="biblio-css-align-3">[CSS-ALIGN-3] <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align/"><cite>CSS Box Alignment Module Level 3</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-box-4">[CSS-BOX-4] <dd>Elika Etemad. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/"><cite>CSS Box Model Module Level 4</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-cascade-5">[CSS-CASCADE-5] <dd>Elika Etemad; Miriam Suzanne; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/"><cite>CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 5</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-display-3">[CSS-DISPLAY-3] <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display/"><cite>CSS Display Module Level 3</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-display-4">[CSS-DISPLAY-4] <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display/"><cite>CSS Display Module Level 4</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-flexbox-1">[CSS-FLEXBOX-1] <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; et al. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/"><cite>CSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-flexbox-1/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-images-3">[CSS-IMAGES-3] <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad; Lea Verou. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/"><cite>CSS Images Module Level 3</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-logical-1">[CSS-LOGICAL-1] <dd>Rossen Atanassov; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/"><cite>CSS Logical Properties and Values Level 1</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-logical-1/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-multicol-2">[CSS-MULTICOL-2] <dd>Florian Rivoal; Rachel Andrew. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-2/"><cite>CSS Multi-column Layout Module Level 2</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-2/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-2/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-page-3">[CSS-PAGE-3] <dd>Elika Etemad. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/"><cite>CSS Paged Media Module Level 3</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-sizing-4">[CSS-SIZING-4] <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad; Jen Simmons. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/"><cite>CSS Box Sizing Module Level 4</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-text-4">[CSS-TEXT-4] <dd>Elika Etemad; et al. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-4/"><cite>CSS Text Module Level 4</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-4/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-4/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3] <dd>Tantek Çelik; Florian Rivoal. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-3/"><cite>CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-3/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-3/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-values-3">[CSS-VALUES-3] <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/"><cite>CSS Values and Units Module Level 3</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-values-4">[CSS-VALUES-4] <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/"><cite>CSS Values and Units Module Level 4</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3] <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/"><cite>CSS Writing Modes Level 3</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-writing-modes-4">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-4] <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/"><cite>CSS Writing Modes Level 4</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/</a> <dt id="biblio-css2">[CSS2] <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/"><cite>Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/</a> <dt id="biblio-css3col">[CSS3COL] <dd>Florian Rivoal; Rachel Andrew. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol/"><cite>CSS Multi-column Layout Module Level 1</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol/</a> <dt id="biblio-cssom">[CSSOM] <dd>Daniel Glazman; Emilio Cobos Álvarez. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/"><cite>CSS Object Model (CSSOM)</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/">https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/</a> <dt id="biblio-html">[HTML] <dd>Anne van Kesteren; et al. <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/"><cite>HTML Standard</cite></a>. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/</a> <dt id="biblio-rfc2119">[RFC2119] <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119"><cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</cite></a>. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119</a> </dl> <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="informative">Informative References<a class="self-link" href="#informative"></a></h3> <dl> <dt id="biblio-css-backgrounds-3">[CSS-BACKGROUNDS-3] <dd>Elika Etemad; Brad Kemper. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds/"><cite>CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-contain-2">[CSS-CONTAIN-2] <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Florian Rivoal; Vladimir Levin. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-contain-2/"><cite>CSS Containment Module Level 2</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-contain-2/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-contain-2/</a> <dt id="biblio-css-grid-2">[CSS-GRID-2] <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad; Rossen Atanassov. <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid-2/"><cite>CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid-2/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid-2/</a> <dt id="biblio-dom">[DOM] <dd>Anne van Kesteren. <a href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/"><cite>DOM Standard</cite></a>. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/">https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/</a> </dl> <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="property-index">Property Index<a class="self-link" href="#property-index"></a></h2> <div class="big-element-wrapper"> <table class="index"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Name <th scope="col">Value <th scope="col">Initial <th scope="col">Applies to <th scope="col">Inh. <th scope="col">%ages <th scope="col">Animation type <th scope="col">Canonical order <th scope="col">Computed value <th scope="col">Logical property group <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing①⓪">box-sizing</a> <td>content-box | border-box <td>content-box <td>all elements that accept width or height <td>no <td>N/A <td>discrete <td>per grammar <td>specified keyword <td> <tr> <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height②⑤">height</a> <td>auto | <length-percentage [0,∞]> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<length-percentage [0,∞]>) | <calc-size()> <td>auto <td>all elements except non-replaced inlines <td>no <td>relative to width/height of containing block <td>by computed value type, recursing into fit-content() <td>per grammar <td>as specified, with <length-percentage> values computed <td>size <tr> <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height⑧">max-height</a> <td>none | <length-percentage [0,∞]> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<length-percentage [0,∞]>) | <calc-size()> <td>none <td>all elements that accept width or height <td>no <td>relative to width/height of containing block <td>by computed value, recursing into fit-content() <td>per grammar <td>as specified, with <length-percentage> values computed <td>max-size <tr> <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width⑦">max-width</a> <td>none | <length-percentage [0,∞]> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<length-percentage [0,∞]>) | <calc-size()> <td>none <td>all elements that accept width or height <td>no <td>relative to width/height of containing block <td>by computed value, recursing into fit-content() <td>per grammar <td>as specified, with <length-percentage> values computed <td>max-size <tr> <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height①②">min-height</a> <td>auto | <length-percentage [0,∞]> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<length-percentage [0,∞]>) | <calc-size()> <td>auto <td>all elements that accept width or height <td>no <td>relative to width/height of containing block <td>by computed value, recursing into fit-content() <td>per grammar <td>as specified, with <length-percentage> values computed <td>min-size <tr> <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width⑨">min-width</a> <td>auto | <length-percentage [0,∞]> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<length-percentage [0,∞]>) | <calc-size()> <td>auto <td>all elements that accept width or height <td>no <td>relative to width/height of containing block <td>by computed value, recursing into fit-content() <td>per grammar <td>as specified, with <length-percentage> values computed <td>min-size <tr> <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width②⑥">width</a> <td>auto | <length-percentage [0,∞]> | min-content | max-content | fit-content(<length-percentage [0,∞]>) | <calc-size()> <td>auto <td>all elements except non-replaced inlines <td>no <td>relative to width/height of containing block <td>by computed value type, recursing into fit-content() <td>per grammar <td>as specified, with <length-percentage> values computed <td>size </table> </div> <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="issues-index">Issues Index<a class="self-link" href="#issues-index"></a></h2> <div style="counter-reset:issue"> <div class="issue"> This spec needs illustrations! See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/1938">issue</a>. <a class="issue-return" href="#issue-664b2cc3" title="Jump to section">↵</a></div> <div class="issue"> We would like to define shorthands for each pair of sizing properties (e.g. <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-width">width</a> and <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height">height</a>) but there is a naming conflict with the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/#at-ruledef-page">@page</a> <a class="property css" data-link-type="property">size</a> descriptor <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-page-3" title="CSS Paged Media Module Level 3">[CSS-PAGE-3]</a>, so this has been deferred to Level 4. Suggestions on how to resolve this problem are welcome, see <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/820">discussion</a>. <a class="issue-return" href="#issue-6eb2c542" title="Jump to section">↵</a></div> <div class="issue"> Replace this section with references to the new term <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#automatic-size">automatic size</a>. <a class="issue-return" href="#issue-6215c343" title="Jump to section">↵</a></div> <div class="issue"> Should we resolve transferred percentages against their containing block instead of zero before transferring them? See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6341">discussion</a>. <a class="issue-return" href="#issue-1b92b23f" title="Jump to section">↵</a></div> <div class="issue"> Letting percentages still resolve against a definite <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-height">height</a> when the min-height is intrinsic is an open issue. (CSS2 has a general statement about "height depending on contents", which this technically is, even though CSS2 didn’t have content-dependent keywords for <a class="property css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-min-height">min-height</a>. Since this is new, we think we could have this different behavior.) <a class="issue-return" href="#issue-9b3707fe" title="Jump to section">↵</a></div> <div class="issue"> Tracking web-compat & implementation progress of applying this to max-width/height in <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6348">Issue 6348</a>. <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/6348">[Issue #6348]</a> <a class="issue-return" href="#issue-d999780f" title="Jump to section">↵</a></div> </div> <details class="mdn-anno unpositioned" data-anno-for="box-sizing"> <summary>✔MDN</summary> <div class="feature"> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-sizing" title="The box-sizing CSS property sets how the total width and height of an element is calculated.">box-sizing</a> In all current engines. <div class="support"> Firefox29+Safari5.1+Chrome10+ <hr> Opera7+Edge79+ <hr> Edge (Legacy)12+IE8+ <hr> Firefox for Android?iOS Safari6+Chrome for Android?Android WebView4+Samsung Internet?Opera Mobile? </div> </div> </details> <details class="mdn-anno unpositioned" data-anno-for="column-sizing"> <summary>✔MDN</summary> <div class="feature"> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/column-width" title="The column-width CSS property sets the ideal column width in a multi-column layout. The container will have as many columns as can fit without any of them having a width less than the column-width value. If the width of the container is narrower than the specified value, the single column's width will be smaller than the declared column width.">column-width</a> In all current engines. <div class="support"> Firefox50+Safari9+Chrome50+ <hr> Opera11.1+Edge79+ <hr> Edge (Legacy)12+IE10+ <hr> Firefox for Android50+iOS Safari9+Chrome for Android?Android WebView50+Samsung Internet?Opera Mobile11.1+ </div> </div> </details> <details class="mdn-anno unpositioned" data-anno-for="preferred-size-properties"> <summary>✔MDN</summary> <div class="feature"> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/height" title="The height CSS property specifies the height of an element. By default, the property defines the height of the content area. If box-sizing is set to border-box, however, it instead determines the height of the border area.">height</a> In all current engines. <div class="support"> Firefox1+Safari1+Chrome1+ <hr> Opera7+Edge79+ <hr> Edge (Legacy)12+IE4+ <hr> Firefox for Android?iOS Safari?Chrome for Android?Android WebView?Samsung Internet?Opera Mobile10.1+ </div> </div> </details> <details class="mdn-anno unpositioned" data-anno-for="width-height-keywords"> <summary>✔MDN</summary> <div class="feature"> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/min-height" title="The min-height CSS property sets the minimum height of an element. It prevents the used value of the height property from becoming smaller than the value specified for min-height.">min-height</a> In all current engines. <div class="support"> Firefox3+Safari1.3+Chrome1+ <hr> Opera4+Edge79+ <hr> Edge (Legacy)12+IE7+ <hr> Firefox for Android?iOS Safari?Chrome for Android?Android WebView?Samsung Internet?Opera Mobile? </div> </div> </details> <details class="mdn-anno unpositioned" data-anno-for="min-size-properties"> <summary>✔MDN</summary> <div class="feature"> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/min-width" title="The min-width CSS property sets the minimum width of an element. It prevents the used value of the width property from becoming smaller than the value specified for min-width.">min-width</a> In all current engines. <div class="support"> Firefox1+Safari1+Chrome1+ <hr> Opera4+Edge79+ <hr> Edge (Legacy)12+IE7+ <hr> Firefox for Android?iOS Safari?Chrome for Android?Android WebView?Samsung Internet?Opera Mobile10.1+ </div> </div> </details> <details class="caniuse-status unpositioned" data-anno-for="box-sizing" data-deco> <summary>CanIUse</summary> Support:Android Browser4+Baidu Browser13.52+Blackberry Browser10+Chrome10+Chrome for Android132+Edge12+Firefox29+Firefox for Android132+IE8+IE Mobile10+KaiOS Browser2.5+Opera9.5+Opera MiniAllOpera Mobile10+QQ Browser14.9+Safari5.1+Safari on iOS5.0+Samsung Internet4+UC Browser for Android15.5+ Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=css3-boxsizing">caniuse.com</a> as of 2025-02-16 </details> <script>/* Boilerplate: script-dom-helper */ "use strict"; function query(sel) { return document.querySelector(sel); } 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mk.span({}, forItem) ), ), ), ); } const url = ref.url; const safeUrl = encodeURIComponent(url); const hintPanel = mk.aside({ class: "ref-hint", id: `ref-hint-for-${safeUrl}`, "data-for": url, "aria-labelled-by": `ref-hint-for-${safeUrl}`, }, mk.ul({}, dfnTextElements, mk.li({}, mk.b({}, "URL: "), mk.a({ href: url, class: "ref" }, url), ), mk.li({}, mk.b({}, "Type: "), mk.span({}, `${ref.type}`), ), mk.li({}, mk.b({}, "Spec: "), mk.span({}, `${ref.spec ? ref.spec : ''}`), ), forListElements ), ); hintPanel.forLink = link; setupRefHintEventListeners(link, hintPanel); return hintPanel; } function hideAllRefHints() { queryAll(".ref-hint").forEach(el=>hideRefHint(el)); } function hideRefHint(refHint) { const link = refHint.forLink; link.setAttribute("aria-expanded", "false"); if(refHint.teardownEventListeners) { refHint.teardownEventListeners(); } refHint.remove(); } function showRefHint(link) { if(link.classList.contains("dfn-link")) return; const url = link.getAttribute("href"); const refHintKey = link.getAttribute("data-refhint-key"); let key = url; if(refHintKey) { key = refHintKey + "_" + url; } const ref = refsData[key]; if(!ref) return; hideAllRefHints(); // Only display one at this time. const refHint = mkRefHint(link, ref); append(document.body, refHint); link.setAttribute("aria-expanded", "true"); positionRefHint(refHint); } function setupRefHintEventListeners(link, refHint) { if (refHint.teardownEventListeners) return; // Add event handlers to hide the refHint after the user moves away // from both the link and refHint, if not hovering either within one second. let timeout = null; const startHidingRefHint = (event) => { if (timeout) { clearTimeout(timeout); } timeout = setTimeout(() => { hideRefHint(refHint); }, 1000); } const resetHidingRefHint = (event) => { if (timeout) clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = null; }; link.addEventListener("mouseleave", startHidingRefHint); link.addEventListener("mouseenter", resetHidingRefHint); link.addEventListener("blur", startHidingRefHint); link.addEventListener("focus", resetHidingRefHint); refHint.addEventListener("mouseleave", startHidingRefHint); refHint.addEventListener("mouseenter", resetHidingRefHint); refHint.addEventListener("blur", startHidingRefHint); refHint.addEventListener("focus", resetHidingRefHint); refHint.teardownEventListeners = () => { // remove event listeners resetHidingRefHint(); link.removeEventListener("mouseleave", startHidingRefHint); link.removeEventListener("mouseenter", resetHidingRefHint); link.removeEventListener("blur", startHidingRefHint); link.removeEventListener("focus", resetHidingRefHint); refHint.removeEventListener("mouseleave", startHidingRefHint); refHint.removeEventListener("mouseenter", resetHidingRefHint); refHint.removeEventListener("blur", startHidingRefHint); refHint.removeEventListener("focus", resetHidingRefHint); }; } function positionRefHint(refHint) { const link = refHint.forLink; const linkPos = getBounds(link); refHint.style.top = linkPos.bottom + "px"; refHint.style.left = linkPos.left + "px"; const panelPos = refHint.getBoundingClientRect(); const panelMargin = 8; const maxRight = document.body.parentNode.clientWidth - panelMargin; if (panelPos.right > maxRight) { const overflowAmount = panelPos.right - maxRight; const newLeft = Math.max(panelMargin, linkPos.left - overflowAmount); refHint.style.left = newLeft + "px"; } } // TODO: shared util // Returns the root-level absolute position {left and top} of element. function getBounds(el, relativeTo=document.body) { const relativeRect = relativeTo.getBoundingClientRect(); const elRect = el.getBoundingClientRect(); const top = elRect.top - relativeRect.top; const left = elRect.left - relativeRect.left; return { top, left, bottom: top + elRect.height, right: left + elRect.width, } } function showRefHintListener(e) { // If the target isn't in a link (or is a link), // just ignore it. let link = e.target.closest("a"); if(!link) return; // If the target is in a ref-hint panel // (aka a link in the already-open one), // also just ignore it. if(link.closest(".ref-hint")) return; // Otherwise, show the panel for the link. showRefHint(link); } function hideAllHintsListener(e) { // If the click is inside a ref-hint panel, ignore it. if(e.target.closest(".ref-hint")) return; // Otherwise, close all the current panels. hideAllRefHints(); } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { document.body.addEventListener("mousedown", showRefHintListener); document.body.addEventListener("focus", showRefHintListener); document.body.addEventListener("click", hideAllHintsListener); }); window.addEventListener("resize", () => { // Hide any open ref hint. hideAllRefHints(); }); } </script>