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title="Mundarija" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Relyef</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 63 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Releu_(cheograf%C3%ADa)" title="Releu (cheografía) – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Releu (cheografía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="تضاريس – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تضاريس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relieve_terrestre" title="Relieve terrestre – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Relieve terrestre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relyef" title="Relyef – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Relyef" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Рэльеф (геаграфія) – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэльеф (геаграфія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рэльеф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэльеф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Релеф (геоморфология) – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Релеф (геоморфология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torosennadur" title="Torosennadur – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Torosennadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljef_(geografija)" title="Reljef (geografija) – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Reljef (geografija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relleu_(geografia)" title="Relleu (geografia) – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Relleu (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C3%A9f_(geografie)" title="Reliéf (geografie) – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reliéf (geografie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terr%C3%A6n" title="Terræn – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Terræn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_(Geologie)" title="Relief (Geologie) – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Relief (Geologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C)" title="Έδαφος (γεωγραφικό χαρακτηριστικό) – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έδαφος (γεωγραφικό χαρακτηριστικό)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Terrain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereno" title="Tereno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tereno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relieve_terrestre" title="Relieve terrestre – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Relieve terrestre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljeef" title="Reljeef – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reljeef" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erliebe_(geografia)" title="Erliebe (geografia) – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erliebe (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ناهمواری – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناهمواری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasto" title="Maasto – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_(g%C3%A9omorphologie)" title="Relief (géomorphologie) – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Relief (géomorphologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevo_terrestre" title="Relevo terrestre – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Relevo terrestre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%97" title="תוואי שטח – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוואי שטח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A" title="उच्चावच – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उच्चावच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljef" title="Reljef – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Reljef" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C3%A8f_(jewom%C3%B2foloji)" title="Relièf (jewomòfoloji) – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Relièf (jewomòfoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domborzat" title="Domborzat – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Domborzat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%86" title="Ռելիեֆ – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռելիեֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permukaan_tanah" title="Permukaan tanah – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permukaan tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereno" title="Tereno – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tereno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8B%A2" title="地勢 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地勢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="რელიეფი – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რელიეფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ademkal" title="Ademkal – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ademkal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рельеф – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рельеф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A7%80_(%EC%A7%80%ED%98%95)" title="대지 (지형) – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대지 (지형)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рельеф – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рельеф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prominentia" title="Prominentia – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Prominentia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_(Topographie)" title="Relief (Topographie) – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Relief (Topographie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljefas" title="Reljefas – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reljefas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljefs" title="Reljefs – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reljefs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Релјеф – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Релјеф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupa_bumi" title="Rupa bumi – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rupa bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)" title="Reliëf (landschap) – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reliëf (landschap)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rze%C5%BAba_terenu" title="Rzeźba terenu – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rzeźba terenu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevo" title="Relevo – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Relevo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief" title="Relief – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Relief" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рельеф – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рельеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljef" title="Reljef – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Reljef" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Terrain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C3%A9f_(geomorfol%C3%B3gia)" title="Reliéf (geomorfológia) – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reliéf (geomorfológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relievi" title="Relievi – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Relievi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рељеф – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рељеф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terr%C3%A4ng" title="Terräng – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Terräng" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="స్థలాకృతి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్థలాకృతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ภูมิประเทศ – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิประเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arazi" title="Arazi – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arazi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%84" title="Рельєф – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рельєф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_h%C3%ACnh" title="Địa hình – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa hình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8A%BF" title="地势 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地势" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="რელიეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რელიეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8B%A2" title="地勢 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地勢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8B%A2" title="地勢 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地勢" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186131#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Relyef" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Relyef" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Relyef"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relyef&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relyef&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relyef&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Relyef" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Relyef" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relyef&oldid=5265383" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relyef&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Relyef&id=5265383&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRelyef"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRelyef"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Relyef&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Landforms" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186131" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, erkin ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><div class="dablink noprint">Bu atamaning boshqa maʼnolari ham mavjud. Qarang: <a href="/wiki/Relyef_(ma%CA%BCnolari)" class="mw-disambig" title="Relyef (maʼnolari)">Relyef (maʼnolari)</a>. </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Alpine_Fault_SRTM_(vertical).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpine_Fault_SRTM_%28vertical%29.jpg/220px-Alpine_Fault_SRTM_%28vertical%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="673" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpine_Fault_SRTM_%28vertical%29.jpg/330px-Alpine_Fault_SRTM_%28vertical%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpine_Fault_SRTM_%28vertical%29.jpg/440px-Alpine_Fault_SRTM_%28vertical%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="5342" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Relyef</b> (<a href="/wiki/Fransuz_tili" title="Fransuz tili">fransuzcha</a>: <span lang="fr"><i>relief</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Lotin_tili" title="Lotin tili">lotincha</a>: <i>relevo</i> — koʻtaraman) (<a href="/wiki/Geografiya" title="Geografiya">geografiyada</a>) — <a href="/wiki/Yer" title="Yer">yer</a> yuzasi, <a href="/wiki/Okean" title="Okean">okean</a> va <a href="/wiki/Dengiz" title="Dengiz">dengiz</a> tubidagi tashqi koʻrinishi, oʻlchamlari, kelib chiqishi, yoshi va rivojlanish tarixiga koʻra turlituman notekisliklar: <a href="/wiki/Tog%CA%BBlar" title="Togʻlar">togʻ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekislik_(maydon)" title="Tekislik (maydon)">tekislik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasttekisliklar" title="Pasttekisliklar">payettekislik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adirlar" title="Adirlar">adir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yassitog%CA%BBlik" title="Yassitogʻlik">yassitogʻ</a>, tepalik, <a href="/wiki/Qir" title="Qir">qir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodiy" title="Vodiy">vodiy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botiq" title="Botiq">botiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soylik" title="Soylik">soylik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jar_(chuqurlik)" title="Jar (chuqurlik)">jarlar</a> va boshqa pastbalandliklar majmui. Relyef kattaligiga koʻra quyidagi toifalarga ajratiladi: megarelyef (<a href="/wiki/Materiklar" class="mw-redirect" title="Materiklar">materik</a> doʻngliklari, okeanlar tubi), shuningdek, bir qadar kichikroq boʻlgan shakllar (togʻ sistemalari, tekisliklar); makrorelyef (togʻ tizmalari, togʻlar oraligʻidagi botiqlar, qirlar, pasttekisliklar); mezorelyef (jarliklar, <a href="/wiki/Suv_osti_vodiylari" title="Suv osti vodiylari">suv osti kanʼonlari</a>, tepaliklar); mikrorelyef (<a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> chuqurliklari, jarlar, doʻng tepa, <a href="/wiki/Dasht" title="Dasht">dasht</a> tepaliklari va boshqalar); n a n o relyef (juda kichik chuqurchalar, doʻngchalar va boshqalar). Bu boʻlinish shartli ravishda ajratilgan. Muhim orografik birliklarni tavsiflovchi relyefning tashqi yoki morfografik belgilari, shuningdek, uning miqdoriy xususiyatlari relyefni kompleks baholash uchun har doim ham ishonchli asos boʻla olmaydi, chunki bir xil tashqi koʻrinishga ega shakllarning kelib chiqishi va rivojlanishi turlicha boʻlishi mumkin. </p><p>Relyef endogen (ichki) va ekzogen (tashqi) kuchlarning birgalikda hamda muntazam oʻzaro taʼsiri natijasida vujudga keladi. Shuningdek, Yer yuzasining shakllanishiga gravitatsiya <a href="/wiki/Jarayon" title="Jarayon">jarayonlari</a>, inson faoliyati ham oʻz taʼsirini koʻrsatadi. Endogen jarayonlar (<a href="/wiki/Yer_po%CA%BBsti" title="Yer poʻsti">Yer poʻstining</a> <a href="/wiki/Tektonik_harakatlar" title="Tektonik harakatlar">tektonik harakatlari</a>) taʼsiri natijasida nisbatan yirik mikyosdagi — kuru klik, dengiz va okeanlar tubida strukturali R. shakllari hosil boʻladi. Yirik relyef shakllarining vujudga kelishi (sayyoraviy masshtabda), shuningdek, kosmik kuchlar — Yerning aylanishi, QuyoshOy tortilishi va boshqa bilan ham bogʻliq. Ekzogen kuchlar (<a href="/wiki/Oqar_ko%CA%BBl" title="Oqar koʻl">oqar suvlar</a>, dengiz <a href="/wiki/To%CA%BBlqinlar" title="Toʻlqinlar">toʻlqinlari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shamol" title="Shamol">shamol</a> va hokazo) odatda, nisbatan maydaroq relyef shakllarini yuzaga keltiradi, yirik masshtabli relyeflarni yemiradi, pasaytiradi, mayda shakllarga boʻlib yuboradi, pastqam joylarni nurash mahsulotlari bilan toʻldiradi. Endogen kuchlar natijasida yuzaga kelgan relyef shakllari morfostrukturalar tarkibiga kiritiladi. Ularda Yer poʻstining geologik strukturasi (tuzilishi) aniq ifodalanadi. Relyefdagi <a href="/wiki/Qatlam" title="Qatlam">katlamlar</a> gorizontal yotgan <a href="/wiki/Platforma_(yer)" title="Platforma (yer)">platformali</a> geologik strukturalarga tekislik xududlar, <a href="/wiki/Burmalanish" title="Burmalanish">burmali</a> strukturalarga togʻli oʻlkalar toʻgʻri keladi. Relyefning nisbatan mayda, asosan, ekzogen jarayonlar taʼsirida vujudga kelgan shakllari (dare vodiylari, jarliklar, <a href="/wiki/Barxan" title="Barxan">barxanlar</a>, qator tepalar va boshqalar) morfoskulipuralar sifatida ajratiladi. </p><p>Relyefning kelib chiqishi va shakllanishini geomorfologiya fani oʻrganadi. R.ni oʻrganish natijalaridan bir qator masalalar: melioratsiya, muhandisliktexnik izlanishlar, foydali qazilmalarni qidirish va hokazoda foydalaniladi. Quruklik va okeanlar tubi relyef saqida Yer maqolasiga<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bu ham toʻgʻri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relyef&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relyef&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzME" class="mw-redirect" title="OʻzME">OʻzME</a>. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stub_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub ikona"><img alt="Stub ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/50px-Stub_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/75px-Stub_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/100px-Stub_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td><i>Ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. Siz uni <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Relyef&action=edit">boyitib,</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya" title="Vikipediya">Vikipediyaga</a> yordam berishingiz mumkin.</i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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