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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Africaine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Africaine (disambiguation)">Africaine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1981 studio album by Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 125%;">Africaine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Africaine_by_Art_Blakey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Africaine_by_Art_Blakey.jpg/220px-Africaine_by_Art_Blakey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/ff/Africaine_by_Art_Blakey.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Studio album</a> by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Messengers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz Messengers">Jazz Messengers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published">1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">November 10, 1959</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Studio</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Van_Gelder_Studio" title="Van Gelder Studio">Van Gelder Studio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Englewood_Cliffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Englewood Cliffs">Englewood Cliffs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="duration"><span class="min">45</span>:<span class="s">25</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note</a><br /><small>LT 1088</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lion" title="Alfred Lion">Alfred Lion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Messengers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz Messengers">Jazz Messengers</a> chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="color:inherit; background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;"> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_liaisons_dangereuses_(film)#Musical_score_and_soundtrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Les liaisons dangereuses (film)">Les Liaisons Dangereuses 1960</a></i><br />(1959) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em"><i><b>Africaine</b></i><br />(1981) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey_et_les_Jazz_Messengers_au_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Art Blakey et les Jazz Messengers au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Art Blakey et les Jazz Messengers au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a></i><br />(1959) </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Africaine</b></i> is a collection of 1959 recordings by <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers" title="The Jazz Messengers">The Jazz Messengers</a>. The collection was not released until over 20 years after it was recorded. The album features tenor-saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> in his first recording with The Jazz Messengers, trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a>, pianist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Davis, Jr.">Walter Davis, Jr.</a> and bassist <a href="/wiki/Jymie_Merritt" title="Jymie Merritt">Jymie Merritt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Africaine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:24.2em;font-size:88%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0"><caption style="font-size:115%">Professional ratings</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Review scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Allmusic" class="mw-redirect" title="Allmusic">Allmusic</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="4/5 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="4/5 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/20px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/40px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/20px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/40px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/20px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/40px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/20px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/40px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Allmusic_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stone_Jazz_Record_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide">The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide</a></i></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="3/5 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="3/5 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/20px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/40px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/20px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/40px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/20px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/40px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-RSJRG_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSJRG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Michael G. Nastos of <a href="/wiki/Allmusic" class="mw-redirect" title="Allmusic">Allmusic</a> called it, "a recording that shows a band fully able to fuse many exotically attractive elements into a unified whole of creative jazz music ecstasy".<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusic_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Track_listing">Track listing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Africaine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Track listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>"Africaine" (<a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Shorter</a>) – 7:57</li> <li>"Lester Left Town" (<a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Shorter</a>) – 8:35</li> <li>"Splendid" (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Davis, Jr.">Davis</a>) – 7:46</li> <li>"Haina" (<a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Morgan</a>) – 10:17</li> <li>"The Midget" (<a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Morgan</a>) – 6:00</li> <li>"Celine" (<a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Morgan</a>) – 4:50</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Africaine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a> – drums</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a> – trumpet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> – tenor saxophone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Davis, Jr.">Walter Davis, Jr.</a> – piano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jymie_Merritt" title="Jymie Merritt">Jymie Merritt</a> – acoustic bass</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Reece" title="Dizzy Reece">Dizzy Reece</a> – conga drums (on tracks 1 & 4)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Africaine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNichael_G._Nastos" class="citation web cs1">Nichael G. Nastos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r157607">"Africaine"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Africaine&rft.au=Nichael+G.+Nastos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr157607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfricaine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allmusic-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusic_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusic_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nastos, Michael G.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000601607"><i>Africaine</i> – Review</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved May 4, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSJRG-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSJRG_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwenson1985" class="citation book cs1">Swenson, J., ed. (1985). <i>The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide</i>. USA: Random House/Rolling Stone. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-72643-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-72643-X"><bdi>0-394-72643-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rolling+Stone+Jazz+Record+Guide&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Random+House%2FRolling+Stone&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-394-72643-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfricaine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Donald_Brown_(musician)" title="Donald Brown (musician)">Donald Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Broom" title="Bobby Broom">Bobby Broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Byrd" title="Donald Byrd">Donald Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cables" title="George Cables">George Cables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_Clarke" title="Buck Clarke">Buck Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chick_Corea" title="Chick Corea">Chick Corea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Davis_(trombonist)" title="Steve Davis (trombonist)">Steve Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanky_DeBrest" title="Spanky DeBrest">Spanky DeBrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Dockery" title="Sam Dockery">Sam Dockery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Dorham" title="Kenny Dorham">Kenny Dorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essiet_Essiet" title="Essiet Essiet">Essiet Essiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Eubanks" title="Robin Eubanks">Robin Eubanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fambrough" title="Charles Fambrough">Charles Fambrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Fuller" title="Curtis Fuller">Curtis Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Garnett" title="Carlos Garnett">Carlos Garnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilmore_(musician)" title="John Gilmore (musician)">John Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Green_(pianist)" title="Benny Green (pianist)">Benny Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Griffin" title="Johnny Griffin">Johnny Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hardman" title="Bill Hardman">Bill Hardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Harrison" title="Donald Harrison">Donald Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Harper_(trumpeter)" title="Philip Harper (trumpeter)">Philip Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hicks_(pianist)" title="John Hicks (pianist)">John Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Irwin" title="Dennis Irwin">Dennis Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javon_Jackson" title="Javon Jackson">Javon Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Jefferson" title="Carter Jefferson">Carter Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Keezer" title="Geoffrey Keezer">Geoffrey Keezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lacy" title="Frank Lacy">Frank Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lynch_(musician)" title="Brian Lynch (musician)">Brian Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branford_Marsalis" title="Branford Marsalis">Branford Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_McLean" title="Jackie McLean">Jackie McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jymie_Merritt" title="Jymie Merritt">Jymie Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulgrew_Miller" title="Mulgrew Miller">Mulgrew Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Mobley" title="Hank Mobley">Hank Mobley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Pierce_(saxophonist)" title="Bill Pierce (saxophonist)">Billy Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Plaxico" title="Lonnie Plaxico">Lonnie Plaxico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Ponomarev" title="Valery Ponomarev">Valery Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Roney" title="Wallace Roney">Wallace Roney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Charles_Royal" title="Gregory Charles Royal">Gregory Charles Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Schnitter" title="David Schnitter">David Schnitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Shaw" title="Woody Shaw">Woody Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Seay" title="Clarence Seay">Clarence Seay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Silver" title="Horace Silver">Horace Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sproles" title="Victor Sproles">Victor Sproles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Timmons" title="Bobby Timmons">Bobby Timmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Toussaint" title="Jean Toussaint">Jean Toussaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCoy_Tyner" title="McCoy Tyner">McCoy Tyner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Walton" title="Cedar Walton">Cedar Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Washington" title="Peter Washington">Peter Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Watkins" title="Doug Watkins">Doug Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Watson_(American_musician)" title="Bobby Watson (American musician)">Bobby Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Williams_(musician)" title="James Williams (musician)">James Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Workman" title="Reggie Workman">Reggie Workman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers_(album)" title="The Jazz Messengers (album)">The Jazz Messengers</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Bop_(album)" title="Hard Bop (album)">Hard Bop</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual:_The_Modern_Jazz_Messengers" title="Ritual: The Modern Jazz Messengers">Ritual</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selections_from_Lerner_and_Loewe%27s..." title="Selections from Lerner and Loewe's...">Selections from Lerner and Loewe's...</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cu-Bop" title="Cu-Bop">Cu-Bop</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Drive_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Hard Drive (Art Blakey album)">Hard Drive</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Tunisia_(1958_album)" title="A Night in Tunisia (1958 album)">A Night in Tunisia</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey%27s_Jazz_Messengers_with_Thelonious_Monk" title="Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers with Thelonious Monk">Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers with Thelonious Monk</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moanin%27" title="Moanin'">Moanin'</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Beat_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="The Big Beat (Art Blakey album)">The Big Beat</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Tunisia_(1961_album)" title="A Night in Tunisia (1961 album)">A Night in Tunisia</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey_and_the_Jazz_Messengers_(1961_album)" title="Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers (1961 album)">Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Mosaic (Art Blakey album)">Mosaic</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buhaina%27s_Delight" title="Buhaina's Delight">Buhaina's Delight</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caravan_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Caravan (Art Blakey album)">Caravan</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Rider" title="The Freedom Rider">The Freedom Rider</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_for_All_(album)" title="Free for All (album)">Free for All</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Kyoto (Art Blakey album)">Kyoto</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Boy_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Golden Boy (Art Blakey album)">Golden Boy</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indestructible_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Indestructible (Art Blakey album)">Indestructible</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%27S_Make_It" title="'S Make It">'S Make It</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soul_Finger_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Soul Finger (Art Blakey album)">Soul Finger</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tough!" title="Tough!">Tough!</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Like_Someone_in_Love_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Like Someone in Love (Art Blakey album)">Like Someone in Love</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witch_Doctor_(album)" title="The Witch Doctor (album)">The Witch Doctor</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots_%26_Herbs" title="Roots & Herbs">Roots & Herbs</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Child%27s_Dance" title="Child's Dance">Child's Dance</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buhaina" title="Buhaina">Buhaina</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthenagin" title="Anthenagin">Anthenagin</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Walked_Sonny" title="In Walked Sonny">In Walked Sonny</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backgammon_(album)" title="Backgammon (album)">Backgammon</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Folk_Tales" title="Gypsy Folk Tales">Gypsy Folk Tales</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_My_Prime_Vol._1" title="In My Prime Vol. 1">In My Prime Vol. 1</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_My_Prime_Vol._2" title="In My Prime Vol. 2">In My Prime Vol. 2</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_in_Blue_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Reflections in Blue (Art Blakey album)">Reflections in Blue</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_in_Tunisia:_Digital_Recording" title="Night in Tunisia: Digital Recording">Night in Tunisia: Digital Recording</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Album_of_the_Year_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Album of the Year (Art Blakey album)">Album of the Year</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh-By_the_Way" title="Oh-By the Way">Oh-By the Way</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Night_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Blue Night (Art Blakey album)">Blue Night</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feeling_Good_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Feeling Good (Art Blakey album)">Feeling Good</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_Yet_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Not Yet (Art Blakey album)">Not Yet</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Get_a_Kick_Out_of_Bu" title="I Get a Kick Out of Bu">I Get a Kick Out of Bu</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chippin%27_In" title="Chippin' In">Chippin' In</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_for_All_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="One for All (Art Blakey album)">One for All</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/At_the_Cafe_Bohemia,_Vol._1" class="mw-redirect" title="At the Cafe Bohemia, Vol. 1">At the Cafe Bohemia, Vol. 1</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_the_Cafe_Bohemia,_Vol._2" class="mw-redirect" title="At the Cafe Bohemia, Vol. 2">At the Cafe Bohemia, Vol. 2</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Midnight_Session_with_the_Jazz_Messengers" title="A Midnight Session with the Jazz Messengers">A Midnight Session with the Jazz Messengers</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1958_%E2%80%93_Paris_Olympia" title="1958 – Paris Olympia">1958 – Paris Olympia</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_the_Jazz_Corner_of_the_World" title="At the Jazz Corner of the World">At the Jazz Corner of the World, Vols. 1 & 2</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey_et_les_Jazz_Messengers_au_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Art Blakey et les Jazz Messengers au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Art Blakey et les Jazz Messengers au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Jam_Session" title="Paris Jam Session">Paris Jam Session</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_You_at_the_Jazz_Corner_of_the_World" title="Meet You at the Jazz Corner of the World">Meet You at the Jazz Corner of the World, Vols. 1 and 2</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Jazz_Hour_with_Art_Blakey%27s_Jazz_Messengers:_Blues_March" class="mw-redirect" title="A Jazz Hour with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers: Blues March">A Jazz Hour with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers: Blues March</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Blind_Mice_(album)" title="Three Blind Mice (album)">Three Blind Mice</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ugetsu_(album)" title="Ugetsu (album)">Ugetsu</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buttercorn_Lady" title="Buttercorn Lady">Buttercorn Lady</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Messengers_%2770" title="Jazz Messengers '70">Jazz Messengers '70</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_This_Korner" title="In This Korner">In This Korner</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_Montreux_and_Northsea" title="Live at Montreux and Northsea">Live at Montreux and Northsea</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_by_One_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="One by One (Art Blakey album)">One by One</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey_in_Sweden" title="Art Blakey in Sweden">Art Blakey in Sweden</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Straight_Ahead_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Straight Ahead (Art Blakey album)">Straight Ahead</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keystone_3" title="Keystone 3">Keystone 3</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_Kimball%27s" title="Live at Kimball's">Live at Kimball's</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Jazz:_Live_in_Leverkusen" title="The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen">The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen</a></i> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Horace_Silver_and_the_Jazz_Messengers" title="Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers">Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cool_Voice_of_Rita_Reys" title="The Cool Voice of Rita Reys">The Cool Voice of Rita Reys</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drum_Suite" title="Drum Suite">Drum Suite</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(album)" title="Pisces (album)">Pisces</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Africaine</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Originally" title="Originally">Originally</a></i> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtrack<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Des_Femmes_Disparaissent_(soundtrack)" title="Des Femmes Disparaissent (soundtrack)">Des Femmes Disparaissent</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Liaisons_dangereuses_(film)" title="Les Liaisons dangereuses (film)">Les liaisons dangereuses 1960</a></i> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art Blakey<br />solo albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blakey_(album)" title="Blakey (album)">Blakey</a></i> (1954)*</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_at_Birdland_Vol._1" class="mw-redirect" title="A Night at Birdland Vol. 1">A Night at Birdland Vol. 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Night_at_Birdland_Vol._2" class="mw-redirect" title="A Night at Birdland Vol. 2">Vol. 2</a> & <a href="/wiki/A_Night_at_Birdland_Vol._3" title="A Night at Birdland Vol. 3">Vol. 3</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orgy_in_Rhythm" title="Orgy in Rhythm">Orgy in Rhythm</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey_Big_Band" title="Art Blakey Big Band">Art Blakey Big Band</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holiday_for_Skins" title="Holiday for Skins">Holiday for Skins</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drums_Around_the_Corner" title="Drums Around the Corner">Drums Around the Corner</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_African_Beat" title="The African Beat">The African Beat</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Jazz_Message" title="A Jazz Message">A Jazz Message</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hold_On,_I%27m_Coming_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Hold On, I'm Coming (Art Blakey album)">Hold On, I'm Coming</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killer_Joe_(George_Kawaguchi_%26_Art_Blakey_album)" title="Killer Joe (George Kawaguchi & Art Blakey album)">Killer Joe</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bluesiana_Triangle" title="Bluesiana Triangle">Bluesiana Triangle</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Messengers_discography" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz Messengers discography">Discography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal" aria-labelledby="Lee_Morgan253" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lee_Morgan" title="Template:Lee Morgan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lee_Morgan" title="Template talk:Lee Morgan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lee_Morgan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lee Morgan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lee_Morgan253" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Year(s) indicated are for the recording(s), not first release</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As leader<br />or co-leader</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan_Indeed!" title="Lee Morgan Indeed!">Lee Morgan Indeed!</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Lee_Morgan" title="Introducing Lee Morgan">Introducing Lee Morgan</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan_Sextet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Morgan Sextet">Lee Morgan Sextet</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Atmosphere_(album)" title="Dizzy Atmosphere (album)">Dizzy Atmosphere</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan_Vol._3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Morgan Vol. 3">Lee Morgan Vol. 3</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Lights_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="City Lights (Lee Morgan album)">City Lights</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cooker" title="The Cooker">The Cooker</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Candy_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="Candy (Lee Morgan album)">Candy</a></i> (1957–58)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peckin%27_Time" title="Peckin' Time">Peckin' Time</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monday_Night_at_Birdland" title="Monday Night at Birdland">Monday Night at Birdland</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Monday_Night_at_Birdland" title="Another Monday Night at Birdland">Another Monday Night at Birdland</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here%27s_Lee_Morgan" title="Here's Lee Morgan">Here's Lee Morgan</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lee-Way" title="Lee-Way">Lee-Way</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expoobident" title="Expoobident">Expoobident</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lions_(album)" title="The Young Lions (album)">The Young Lions</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Take_Twelve" title="Take Twelve">Take Twelve</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sidewinder" title="The Sidewinder">The Sidewinder</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Search_for_the_New_Land" title="Search for the New Land">Search for the New Land</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cat_(album)" title="Tom Cat (album)">Tom Cat</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornbread_(album)" title="Cornbread (album)">Cornbread</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infinity_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="Infinity (Lee Morgan album)">Infinity</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gigolo_(album)" title="The Gigolo (album)">The Gigolo</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_the_Cookers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Night of the Cookers">The Night of the Cookers</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a>, 1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rumproller" title="The Rumproller">The Rumproller</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delightfulee" title="Delightfulee">Delightfulee</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charisma_(album)" title="Charisma (album)">Charisma</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rajah_(album)" title="The Rajah (album)">The Rajah</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Standards_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="Standards (Lee Morgan album)">Standards</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonic_Boom_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="Sonic Boom (Lee Morgan album)">Sonic Boom</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Procrastinator" title="The Procrastinator">The Procrastinator</a></i> (1967–69)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sixth_Sense_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="The Sixth Sense (Lee Morgan album)">The Sixth Sense</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taru_(album)" title="Taru (album)">Taru</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caramba!_(Lee_Morgan_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caramba! (Lee Morgan album)">Caramba!</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Lighthouse_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="Live at the Lighthouse (Lee Morgan album)">Live at the Lighthouse</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Session_(Lee_Morgan_album)" title="The Last Session (Lee Morgan album)">The Last Session</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br /><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a><br />& The Jazz<br />Messengers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Art_(jazz_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of Art (jazz album)">Theory of Art</a></i> (aka, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Tunisia_(1958_album)" title="A Night in Tunisia (1958 album)">A Night in Tunisia</a></i>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drums_Around_the_Corner" title="Drums Around the Corner">Drums Around the Corner</a></i> (1958–59)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moanin%27" title="Moanin'">Moanin'</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1958_%E2%80%93_Paris_Olympia" title="1958 – Paris Olympia">1958 – Paris Olympia</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Des_Femmes_Disparaissent_(soundtrack)" title="Des Femmes Disparaissent (soundtrack)">Des Femmes Disparaissent</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Liaisons_dangereuses_(film)#Musical_score_and_soundtrack" title="Les Liaisons dangereuses (film)">Les Liaisons dangereuses</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Africaine</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_the_Jazz_Corner_of_the_World" title="At the Jazz Corner of the World">At the Jazz Corner of the World</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Jam_Session" title="Paris Jam Session">Paris Jam Session</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Beat_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="The Big Beat (Art Blakey album)">The Big Beat</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Tunisia_(1961_album)" title="A Night in Tunisia (1961 album)">A Night in Tunisia</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Like_Someone_in_Love_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Like Someone in Love (Art Blakey album)">Like Someone in Love</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_You_at_the_Jazz_Corner_of_the_World" title="Meet You at the Jazz Corner of the World">Meet You at the Jazz Corner of the World</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey_and_the_Jazz_Messengers_(1961_album)" title="Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers (1961 album)">Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Rider" title="The Freedom Rider">The Freedom Rider</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witch_Doctor_(album)" title="The Witch Doctor (album)">The Witch Doctor</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots_%26_Herbs" title="Roots & Herbs">Roots & Herbs</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(album)" title="Pisces (album)">Pisces</a></i> (1961–64)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indestructible_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Indestructible (Art Blakey album)">Indestructible</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Boy_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Golden Boy (Art Blakey album)">Golden Boy</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%27S_Make_It" title="'S Make It">'S Make It</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soul_Finger_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Soul Finger (Art Blakey album)">Soul Finger</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hold_On,_I%27m_Coming_(Art_Blakey_album)" title="Hold On, I'm Coming (Art Blakey album)">Hold On, I'm Coming</a></i> (1965)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br /><a href="/wiki/Hank_Mobley" title="Hank Mobley">Hank<br />Mobley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hank_Mobley_Sextet" title="Hank Mobley Sextet">Hank Mobley Sextet</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Message_No._2" title="Jazz Message No. 2">Jazz Message No. 2</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Room_for_Squares" title="No Room for Squares">No Room for Squares</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dippin%27" title="Dippin'">Dippin'</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Caddy_for_Daddy" title="A Caddy for Daddy">A Caddy for Daddy</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Slice_of_the_Top" title="A Slice of the Top">A Slice of the Top</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Straight_No_Filter" title="Straight No Filter">Straight No Filter</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Third_Season_(album)" title="Third Season (album)">Third Season</a></i> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br />others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minor_Move" title="Minor Move">Minor Move</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tina_Brooks" title="Tina Brooks">Tina Brooks</a>, 1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Train_(album)" title="Blue Train (album)">Blue Train</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intensity_(Charles_Earland_album)" title="Intensity (Charles Earland album)">Intensity</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Earland" title="Charles Earland">Charles Earland</a>, 1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_(album)" title="Charles III (album)">Charles III</a></i> (Charles Earland, 1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brass_Shout" title="Brass Shout">Brass Shout</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer">Art Farmer</a>, 1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sliding_Easy" title="Sliding Easy">Sliding Easy</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Curtis_Fuller" title="Curtis Fuller">Curtis Fuller</a>, 1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Curtis_Fuller_Jazztet" title="The Curtis Fuller Jazztet">The Curtis Fuller Jazztet</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Images_of_Curtis_Fuller" title="Images of Curtis Fuller">Images of Curtis Fuller</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_in_Greece" title="Dizzy in Greece">Dizzy in Greece</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birks%27_Works" title="Birks' Works">Birks' Works</a></i> (Dizzy Gillespie, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie_at_Newport" title="Dizzy Gillespie at Newport">Dizzy Gillespie at Newport</a></i> (Dizzy Gillespie, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson_and_the_Philadelphians" title="Benny Golson and the Philadelphians">Benny Golson and the Philadelphians</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a>, 1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Blowin%27_Session" class="mw-redirect" title="A Blowin' Session">A Blowin' Session</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Johnny_Griffin" title="Johnny Griffin">Johnny Griffin</a>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mode_for_Joe" title="Mode for Joe">Mode for Joe</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Joe_Henderson" title="Joe Henderson">Joe Henderson</a>, 1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Chorus" title="Last Chorus">Last Chorus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ernie_Henry" title="Ernie Henry">Ernie Henry</a>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grass_Roots_(Andrew_Hill_album)" title="Grass Roots (Andrew Hill album)">Grass Roots</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hill_(jazz_musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Hill (jazz musician)">Andrew Hill</a>, 1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_(Andrew_Hill_album)" title="Lift Every Voice (Andrew Hill album)">Lift Every Voice</a></i> (Andrew Hill, 1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flute-In" title="Flute-In">Flute-In</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bobbi_Humphrey" title="Bobbi Humphrey">Bobbi Humphrey</a>, 1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prime_Element" title="The Prime Element">The Prime Element</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Elvin_Jones" title="Elvin Jones">Elvin Jones</a>, 1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drums_Around_the_World" title="Drums Around the World">Drums Around the World</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Philly_Joe_Jones" title="Philly Joe Jones">Philly Joe Jones</a>, 1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Wide_World_of_Quincy_Jones" title="The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones">The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Jordan_(album)" title="Cliff Jordan (album)">Cliff Jordan</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Clifford_Jordan" title="Clifford Jordan">Clifford Jordan</a>, 1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Great" title="Kelly Great">Kelly Great</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Wynton_Kelly" title="Wynton Kelly">Wynton Kelly</a>, 1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greasy_Kid_Stuff!" title="Greasy Kid Stuff!">Greasy Kid Stuff!</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Harold_Mabern" title="Harold Mabern">Harold Mabern</a>, 1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacknife_(album)" title="Jacknife (album)">Jacknife</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Jackie_McLean" title="Jackie McLean">Jackie McLean</a>, 1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consequence_(album)" title="Consequence (album)">Consequence</a></i> (Jackie McLean, 1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolution_(Grachan_Moncur_III_album)" title="Evolution (Grachan Moncur III album)">Evolution</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Grachan_Moncur_III" title="Grachan Moncur III">Grachan Moncur</a>, 1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Wayne_Shorter" title="Introducing Wayne Shorter">Introducing Wayne Shorter</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Dreamer" title="Night Dreamer">Night Dreamer</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a>, 1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_Party_(Jimmy_Smith_album)" title="House Party (Jimmy Smith album)">House Party</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Smith_(musician)" title="Jimmy Smith (musician)">Jimmy Smith</a>, 1957–58)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sermon_(Jimmy_Smith_album)" title="The Sermon (Jimmy Smith album)">The Sermon!</a></i> (Jimmy Smith, 1957–58)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(Stanley_Turrentine_album)" title="Mr. Natural (Stanley Turrentine album)">Mr. Natural</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Stanley_Turrentine" title="Stanley Turrentine">Stanley Turrentine</a>, 1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tender_Moments" title="Tender Moments">Tender Moments</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/McCoy_Tyner" title="McCoy Tyner">McCoy Tyner</a>, 1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Easterly_Winds" title="Easterly Winds">Easterly Winds</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Jack_Wilson_(jazz_pianist)" title="Jack Wilson (jazz pianist)">Jack Wilson</a>, 1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Ship" title="Mother Ship">Mother Ship</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Larry_Young_(musician)" title="Larry Young (musician)">Larry Young</a>, 1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Bug_(Reuben_Wilson_album)" title="Love Bug (Reuben Wilson album)">Love Bug</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Reuben_Wilson" title="Reuben Wilson">Reuben Wilson</a>, 1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan_discography" title="Lee Morgan discography">Discography</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox591" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689614#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Africaine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/8e6217b6-4cbd-3eb4-823d-967054fc536d">MusicBrainz release group</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africaine&oldid=1235776833">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africaine&oldid=1235776833</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1981_albums" 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