Sicilia! Explore the Wonders of Sicily! Photos from Beautiful Sicilia!

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-G6TQGNR8GJ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-G6TQGNR8GJ'); </script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">  <title>Sicilia! Explore the Wonders of Sicily! Photos from Beautiful Sicilia!</title> <meta name="Description" content="Wondersofsicily.com with a great passion and love for Sicily. 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Get inspiration and start your exciting Sicilian journey on Wondersofsicily.com!" />    </head> <body> <div id="mastheadfirst2"> <p><a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/"><img src="images/LOGO-Siciliy-Trajan-transp-color.png" alt="Logo Wonders of Sicily" width="600" height="100" class="scaled-logo" title="Logo Wonders of Sicily"/></a></p> <div id="p7PM3_1" class="p7PM3-01 p7PM3 p7PM3noscript horiz responsive menu-left auto-subs sub-left"> <div id="p7PM3tb_1" class="pmm3-toolbar closed"><a href="#" title="Hide/Show Menu">&equiv;</a></div> <ul class="closed"> <li><a href="">Cities</a> <ul> <li><a href="acireale.htm">Acireale</a></li> <li><a href="agrigento.htm">Agrigento</a> <ul> <li><a href="agrigento.htm">Agrigento town</a></li> <li><a href="agrigento-valley-temples.htm">Valley of Temples - Valle dei Templi</a></li> <li><a href="agrigento-scala-dei-turchi.htm">Scala dei turchi</a></li> <li><a href="agrigento-phaiax-ipogei.htm">Phaiax' underground water system</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="catania.htm">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="cefalu.htm">Cefalù</a> <ul> <li><a href="cefalu.htm">Cefalù town</a></li> <li><a href="cefalu-cathedral.htm">Cefalù Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="cefalu-rocca.htm">La Rocca di Cefalù</a></li> <li><a href="cefalu-aleister-crowley-abbey-thelema.htm">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="cefalu-museo-mandralisca.htm">Museo Mandralisca, Cefalù</a></li> <li><a href="cefalu-more.htm">More photos from Cefalù</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="erice.htm">Erice</a></li> <li><a href="modica.htm">Modica</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-monreale.htm">Monreale</a> <ul> <li><a href="palermo-monreale-cloister.htm">Monreale Cloister</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-monreale-cathedral.htm">Monreale Cathedral</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="noto.htm">Noto</a> <ul> <li><a href="noto.htm">Noto town</a></li> <li><a href="noto-antica.htm">Noto Antica</a></li> <li><a href="noto-hotels.htm">Hotels in Noto</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="palermo.htm">Palermo</a> <ul> <li><a href="palermo.htm">Palermo city</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-museo-archeologico.htm">Archeological Museum, Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-capuchin-catacombs.htm">Capuchin Catacombs</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-fontana-pretoria.htm">Fontana Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-magione.htm">La Magione</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-martorana-santa-maria-ammiraglio.htm">La Martorana (Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio)</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-museum-inquisition.htm">Museum of the Holy Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-norman-palace.htm">The Norman Palace</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-palatine-chapel.htm">The Palatine Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-abatellis-museum.htm">Palazzo Abatellis (Galleria Regionale)</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-cathedral.htm">The Palermo Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-san-cataldo.htm">San Cataldo</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-san-giorgio-dei-genovesi.htm">San Giorgio dei Genovesi</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-san-giovanni-eremiti.htm">San Giovanni degli Eremiti</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-la-zisa.htm">La Zisa</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-la-cuba.htm">La Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-oratorio-rosario-santa-cita.htm">Oratorio del Rosario di Santa Cita</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-oratorio-san-lorenzo.htm">Oratorio di San Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-oratorio-rosario-san-domenico.htm">Oratorio del SS. Rosario di San Domenico</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-oratorio-san-mercurio.htm">Oratorio di San Mercurio</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-santa-maria-della-catena.htm">Santa Maria della Catena</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-santa-maria-dello-spasimo.htm">Santa Maria dello Spasimo</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-chiesa-gesu.htm">Church of the Gesù</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-quattro-canti.htm">Quattro Canti</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-orto-botanico.htm">Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="bagheria-villa-palagonia.htm">Villa Palagonia</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-streetart.htm">Street art in Palermo</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="ragusa.htm">Ragusa</a> <ul> <li><a href="ragusa.htm">Ragusa town</a></li> <li><a href="ragusa-hotels.htm">Hotels in Ragusa</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="siracusa-syracuse.htm">Siracusa</a> <ul> <li><a href="siracusa-syracuse.htm">Siracusa / Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="syracuse-siracusia-ship.htm">The Siracusia Ship</a></li> <li><a href="siracusa-cathedral.htm">The Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="siracusa-archeological-park.htm">The Archeological Park in Siracusa</a></li> <li><a href="siracusa-roman-amphi.htm">The Roman Amphitheatre</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="taormina.htm">Taormina</a> <ul> <li><a href="taormina-greek-theatre.htm">The Greek Theatre in Taormina</a></li> <li><a href="taormina.htm">Taormina town</a></li> <li><a href="taormina-isola-bella.htm">Isola Bella</a></li> <li><a href="taormina-castelmola.htm">Castelmola</a></li> <li><a href="taormina-von-gloeden.htm">Baron von Gloeden</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="trapani.htm">Trapani</a> <ul> <li><a href="trapani.htm">Trapani town</a></li> <li><a href="trapani-grotta-mangiapane.htm">Grotta Mangiapane (Scurati)</a></li> <li><a href="trapani-hotels.htm">Hotels in Trapani</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#">More places</a> <ul> <li><a href="palazzo-adriano.htm">Palazzo Adriano</a></li> <li><a href="#">The Aeolian Islands</a> <ul> <li><a href="aeolian-islands-vulcano.htm">Vulcano</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="bagheria.htm">Bagheria</a></li> <li><a href="corleone.htm">Corleone</a></li> <li><a href="collesano.htm">Collesano</a></li> <li><a href="castelbuono.htm">Castelbuono</a></li> <li><a href="caccamo.htm">Caccamo</a></li> <li><a href="mount-etna.htm">Etna</a></li> <li><a href="gibilmanna.htm">Gibilmanna</a></li> <li><a href="linguaglossa.htm">Linguaglossa</a></li> <li><a href="sardinia-death.htm">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="scicli.htm">Scicli</a></li> <li><a href="termini-imerese.htm">Termini Imerese</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="sicily-greeks.htm">Ancient Sicily</a> <ul> <li><a href="segesta.htm">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="agrigento-valley-temples.htm">Agrigento: The Valley of Temples</a></li> <li><a href="siracusa-archeological-park.htm">Siracusa: Archeological Park</a></li> <li><a href="selinunte-archeological-park.htm">Selinunte</a></li> <li><a href="taormina-greek-theatre.htm">The Greek Theatre in Taormina</a></li> <li><a href="solunto.htm">Solunto</a></li> <li><a href="halaesa-arconidea.htm">Halaesa Arconidea</a></li> <li><a href="villa-romana-del-casale.htm">Villa Romana del Casale</a></li> <li><a href="siracusa-roman-amphi.htm">The Roman Amphitheatre in Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="siracusa-archeological-park.htm">The Archeological Park in Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-greeks.htm">Greeks in Sicily</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="sicily-baroque.htm">Sicilian Baroque</a> <ul> <li><a href="sicily-baroque.htm">The Sicilian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="bagheria-villa-palagonia.htm">Villa Palagonia</a> <ul> <li><a href="bagheria-villa-palagonia.htm">Villa Palagonia</a></li> <li><a href="bagheria-villa-palagonia-film-location.htm">Villa Palagonia - film location</a></li> <li><a href="bagheria-bagheria-villa-palagonia-2.htm">More photos: Villa Palagonia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="siracusa-cathedral.htm">The Duomo in Siracusa</a></li> <li><a href="noto.htm">Noto</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-giacomo-serpotta.htm">Giacomo Serpotta</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-oratorio-rosario-santa-cita.htm">Oratorio del Rosario di Santa Cita</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-oratorio-rosario-san-domenico.htm">Oratorio del SS. Rosario di San Domenico</a></li> <li><a href="palermo-oratorio-san-lorenzo.htm">Oratorio di San Lorenzo</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#">Sicilian Themes</a> <ul> <li><a href="sicily-streetart.htm">Street art in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-normans.htm">Normans in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-arabs-in-sicily.htm">Arabs in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-people.htm">People in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-life-01.htm">Life in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-death.htm">Death in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-crucifixes.htm">Crucifixes in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-film-locations.htm">Film locations in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="white-lotus-season-2-locations-sicily.htm">The White Lotus S2 locations in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-cars.htm">Cars in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-churches.htm">Churches in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-easter-01.htm">Easter in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-food.htm">Food</a> <ul> <li><a href="sicily-food.htm">Food in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-food-arancini.htm">Arancini / arancine</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-food-passito.htm">Passito</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="sicily-weddings.htm">Weddings in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-cats.htm">Cats in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="#">More Sicilian Themes</a> <ul> <li><a href="sicily-birds.htm">Birds in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-capitals.htm">Column capitals in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-insects.htm">Insects in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-lizards.htm">Lizards in Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-plants.htm">Plant Life</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-tuna-fishing.htm">Tuna Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="videos.htm">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="sicily-richard-wagner.htm">Wagner in Sicily</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="about.htm">About us</a> <ul> <li><a href="about.htm">The contributors</a></li> <li><a href="sources.htm">Sources and recommended reading</a></li> <li><a href="off-topic-new-york.htm">Off topic: New York</a></li> <li><a href="off-topic-napoli.htm">Off topic: Napoli</a></li> <li><a href="off-topic-london.htm">Off topic: London</a></li> <li><a href="off-topic-ravenna.htm">Off topic: Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="web-statistics-2016-wonders.htm">Web Statistics 2016</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript">P7_PM3op('p7PM3_1',1,0,-5,-5,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,900,1,0,0)</script> </div> </div> <div id="columnsfirst2"> <div class="main-contentfirst2"> <div class="content p7ehc-1"> <div id="p7IGM_1" class="p7IGM01 IGMnoscript"> <div class="p7IGM_wrapper"> <div class="p7IGM01_layout"> <div id="p7IGMfullsize_1" class="p7IGM01_FSwrapper"> <div id="p7IGMfsimgwrapper_1" class="p7IGM01_FSIMGwrapper"> <div id="p7IGMloading_1" class="p7IGM01_IGMloading"></div> <div id="p7IGMfsimage_1" class="p7IGM01_FSimage"> <div id="p7IGMimgwrapper_1" class="p7IGMimage-wrapper"> <div id="p7IGMimage_1" class="p7IGM01_image"><a id="p7IGMimlink_1" 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href="images/1000x700-Trapani-fish-20150509-trapani_8525.jpg" title="1000x700-Trapani-fish-20150509-trapani_8525"></a> <div class="p7igm_image_link"><a href="sicily-food.htm">1000x700-Trapani-fish-20150509-trapani_8525</a></div> </li> <li><a href="images/1000x700-Segesta-temple-20150329-Segesta-01_2943.jpg" title="1000x700-Segesta-temple-20150329-Segesta-01_2943"></a> <div class="p7igm_image_link"><a href="segesta.htm">1000x700-Segesta-temple-20150329-Segesta-01_2943</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">P7_opIGM('p7IGM_1',0,1,400,1,1,800,1,1,1,400,400,1,1,3000,5000,1,1,0,0,0);</script> </div> <h1 style="font-size:1.4em;padding-top:36px;">The Wonders of Sicily - Explore the Spectacular History, Arts and the Sicilians</h1> <p>The beautiful island Sicily is located off the southwestern coast of Italy. It is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and it is known for its interesting history (occupied by one foreign country after another), beautiful landscapes, and delicious cuisine.</p> <p>For history and art lovers, there are many things to see and do in Sicily, including visiting historical sites like Roman ruins (top priority should be the Villa Romana del Casale), medieval castles, and the ancient Greek temples in <a href="agrigento-valley-temples.htm">Agrigento</a>, <a href="segesta.htm">Segesta</a> and <a href="selinunte-archeological-park.htm">Selinunte</a>. The island is also home to the spectacular Mount Etna, the highest active volcano in Europe, and the Aeolian Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for their volcanic landscapes and crystal-clear waters.</p> <p>In addition to its natural and historical attractions, Sicily is also known for its vibrant culture and its Sicilian cuisine. The most famous local dishes are pasta con le sarde (pasta with sardines), arancini (deep-fried rice balls), and caponata (a traditional eggplant dish).</p> <p> </p> <h2><img src="images/1080x1080-taormina-testa-20140608-castelmola02_3589.jpg" alt=""/></h2> <p>The Wonders of Sicily - start your journey here, and share your passion by following us on <a href="https://twitter.com/wonsicily">Twitter</a> and <a href="http://facebook.com/wondersofsicily">Facebook</a>.</p> <p> </p> <h2>The Normans in Sicily</h2> <p><img src="images/1080x1080-cefalu-pantocrator-20150313-cefalu-80400_0854.jpg" alt="Christ Pantocrator"/></p> <p>The Norman conquest of Sicily under the House of Hauteville left an indelible mark on the island's history. From Roger's initial campaigns to the ascension of Roger II as King of Sicily, the Normans brought stability and prosperity to the region. Although subsequent successions faced challenges, the legacy of the Norman rule endured, influencing the course of Sicilian history well beyond their time.</p> <p><a href="sicily-normans.htm">The Normans in Sicily…</a></p> <p><a href="palermo-palatine-chapel.htm">Cappella Palatina…</a></p> <p><a href="palermo-monreale-cathedral.htm">The Cathedral in Monreale…</a></p> <p>The conquest of Sicily by the Normans during the 11th and 12th centuries marked a significant chapter in the island's history. Prior to the Norman invasion, Sicily was governed by three competing emirs. However, the arrival of Norman forces, led by Roger and Robert Guiscard, initiated a series of military campaigns that ultimately resulted in the establishment of Norman rule over the island. </p> <p>In 1060 and 1061, Roger undertook unsuccessful attacks on the city by crossing the Straits of Messina. Subsequently, Robert's arrival proved decisive, leading to the fall of the city. In the following year, Roger settled in Troina, and it wasn't until 1071 that the Normans began to exert their influence effectively. The conquest of <a href="catania.htm">Catania</a> by Robert Guiscard and Roger served as a stepping stone for their subsequent campaign against <a href="palermo.htm">Palermo</a> in 1072. This pivotal victory allowed the Normans to extend their control over the northern part of the island.</p> <p>The steadfast opposition from <a href="sicily-arabs-in-sicily.htm">Ibn-el-Werd</a>, the emir of <a href="siracusa-syracuse.htm">Siracusa</a>, posed a significant challenge to Roger's authority for a decade. Nevertheless, in 1085, the combined efforts of Norman naval and ground forces resulted in the successful siege of <a href="siracusa-syracuse.htm">Siracusa</a>, bolstering their control over the island.</p> <p>Roger II's reign witnessed a prosperous period for Sicily and southern Italy, marked by cultural and economic advancements. Upon King Roger's death, his son William I, also known as "the Bad," ascended to the throne in 1154. William II, known as "the Good," succeeded his father in 1166 and ruled until 1189. </p>  <h3>The Norman Rulers in Sicily</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Roger I</strong> (c. 1031–1101 Mileto), also known as Great Count Roger I, Roger Bosso, The Great Count. Italian: Ruggero I di Sicilia. </li> <li><strong>Roger II</strong> (1095–1154)<br> Rogerios Rex (inscription in mosaic, Martorana, Palermo)</li> <li><strong>Simon of Hauteville</strong> (1093–1105), also known as Simon de Hauteville (in French) and Simone D'Altavilla (in Italian). He was the eldest son and successor of Roger I, count of Sicily, and Adelaide del Vasto.</li> <li><strong>William I</strong> (1131–1166), also known as William the Bad or the Wicked</li> <li><strong>William II</strong> (1155–1189), also known as William the Good<br> </li> </ul> <p>The Normans landed in Sicily as mercenaries in 1061. In 1194 Sicily fell into the hands of the Germanic Hohenstaufen dynasty</p>  <p> </p><h3>The Normans in South Italy</h3> <p> 999–1017 Arrival of the Normans in Italy<br> 1009–1022 Lombard revolt<br> 1022–1046 Mercenary service<br> 1046–1059 County of Melfi<br> 1049–1098 County of Aversa<br> 1053–1105 Conquest of the Abruzzo<br> 1061–1091 Conquest of Sicily<br> 1073–1077 Conquest of Amalfi and Salerno<br> 1059–1085 Byzantine-Norman wars<br> 1077–1139 Conquest of Naples<br> 1091: The county of <a href="ragusa.htm">Ragusa</a> was founded in 1091 by Count Roger for his son, Godfrey. <br> 1095: 22 December Roger II is born <br> 1105: Roger II is named Count of Sicily<br> 1127: Roger II becomes Duke of Apulia and Calabria <br> 1130: Roger II becomes King of Sicily <br> 1130s <a href="palermo-palatine-chapel.htm">Cappella Palatina</a>: Commenced by Roger II<br> 1131 Building of the <a href="cefalu-cathedral.htm">cathedral in Cefalù</a> begins (Roger II)<br> 1140 Cappella Palatina is consecrated.<br> c1140-c1147 The painted wooded ceiling in Cappella Palatina was completed<br> 1143–1151 The mosaics in <a href="palermo-chiesa-martorana-santa-maria-ammiraglio.htm">La Martorana (Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio)</a> was made <br> 1154: 26 February Roger II dies and William I becomes King of Sicily<br> 1154-1166: The mosaics of the central nave of the Cefalù Cathedral and the nave and aisles of the Palatine Chapel (Cappella Palatina) were most likely made during the rule of William I<br> 1160-70 c. Sala di Ruggero (King Roger's Room) in the <a href="palermo-norman-palace.htm">Norman Palace</a> is made <br> 1166: 7 May King William I dies in Palermo<br> 1174–1189 The <a href="palermo-monreale-cathedral.htm">cathedral in Monreale</a> is built (King William II)<br> 1194 Sicily falls into the hands of the Germanic Hohenstaufen dynasty</p><p> </p> <p> </p> <h2>Sicily in art</h2> <p><img src="images/thomas-fearnley-palermo-monte-pellegrino-nationalmuseum-nm_7500-1000.jpg" alt="Thomas Fearnley: Palermo"/></p> <p><a href="sicily-in-art.htm">Sicily in art</a>: The Norwegian painter Thomas Fearnley (1802-1842) visited Sicily in 1833. Here is his painting of Palermo and Monte Pellegrino. Public Domain. Photo: Cecilia Heisser / <a href="https://www.nationalmuseum.se/">Nationalmuseum</a>, Stockholm. <a href="sicily-in-art.htm">See more here …</a></p> <p> </p> <h2><a href="white-lotus-season-2-locations-sicily.htm">The White Lotus season 2 locations in Sicily</a></h2> <p><a href="white-lotus-season-2-locations-sicily.htm"><img src="images/1000x700-Cefalu-night-200150325-cefalu_2763.jpg" alt=""/></a></p> <p><a href="white-lotus-season-2-locations-sicily.htm">Click here to see some of the many locations in Sicily used in the HBO series <em>The White Lotus</em> season 2...</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p><p><a href="https://www.instagram.com/wondersofsicilycom/"><img src="images/LOGO-instagram.png" width="26" height="26" alt=""/></a>   <a href="https://www.facebook.com/wondersofsicily"><img src="images/facebook.png" width="26" height="26" alt="logo"/></a></p><p> </p> <p> </p>  <div class="inner-columns-wrapper"> <div class="three-column-column1"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="taormina.htm">Taormina </a></h3> <p><a href="taormina.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Taormina-Greek-20140608_Sicilia-05_7089.jpg" alt="Taormina, Greek Theatre" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column2"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="siracusa-syracuse.htm">Syracuse </a></h3> <p><a href="siracusa-syracuse.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Siracusa-Boy-20140604_Sicilia-01_6220.jpg" alt="Siracusa, Piazza Duomo" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column3"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="palermo-monreale.htm">Monreale </a></h3> <p><a href="palermo-monreale.htm"><img src="images/1000x700-Monreale-20140606_Sicilia-01_5837.jpg" alt="Monreale duomo" width="1000" height="700" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="inner-columns-wrapper"> <div class="three-column-column1"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="taormina-isola-bella.htm">Isola Bella </a></h3> <p><a href="taormina-isola-bella.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Taormina-Isola-Bella-kaktus-20140607_Sicilia-03_6703.jpg" alt="Isola Bella, Taormina" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column2"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="palermo.htm">Palermo </a></h3> <p><a href="palermo.htm"><img src="images/500x350-Laura-Leonardi-001.jpg" alt="Palermo seen from Monreale" width="500" height="350" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column3"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="sicily-lizards.htm">Lizards in Sicily </a></h3> <p><a href="sicily-lizards.htm"><img src="images/1000x700-Lizard-Naxos-20140609_Sicilia-05_7054.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="700" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="inner-columns-wrapper"> <div class="three-column-column1"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="sicily-richard-wagner.htm">Richard Wagner in Sicily </a></h3> <p><a href="sicily-richard-wagner.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Palermo-Hotel-Palmes-20140606_Sicilia-01_5936.jpg" alt="Richard Wagner in Hotel des Palmes - photographer Per-Erik Skramstad" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" title="Richard Wagner" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column2"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="sicily-insects.htm">Insects in Sicily </a></h3> <p><a href="sicily-insects.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Taormina-Isola-Bella-maur-20140607_Sicilia-03_6658.jpg" alt="insects in Sicily" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" title="Insects in Sicily" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column3"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="sicily-baroque.htm">Baroque Architecture</a></h3> <p><a href="sicily-baroque.htm"><img src="images/1000x700-Siracusa-Duomo-statue-20140604_Sicilia-02_6525.jpg" alt="baroque architecture: the cathedral in Syracuse" width="1000" height="700" class="scaled-max-plain-left" title="Cathedral in Syracuse" /></a></p> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="inner-columns-wrapper"> <div class="three-column-column1"> <div class="three-column-content p7ehc-a">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="palermo-palatine-chapel.htm">The Palatine Chapel </a></h3> <p><a href="palermo-palatine-chapel.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Palermo-Palatine-Capella-20140606_Sicilia-01_5900.jpg" alt="The Palatine Chapel, Palermo" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column2"> <div class="three-column-content p7ehc-a">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="cefalu.htm">Cefalù </a></h3> <p><a href="cefalu.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Cefalu-20140605_Sicilia-02_6478-2.jpg" alt="Cefalù, Norman Cathedral" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column3"> <div class="three-column-content p7ehc-a">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="sicily-churches.htm">Churches in Sicily </a></h3> <p><a href="sicily-churches.htm"><img src="images/1000x700-Siracusa-Duomo-top-20140604_Sicilia-02_6503.jpg" alt="The Duomo in Siracusa" width="1000" height="700" class="scaled-max-plain-left"/></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="inner-columns-wrapper"> <div class="three-column-column1"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="header"><a href="sicily-cars.htm">Cars in Sicily </a></h3> <p><a href="sicily-cars.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Polizia-20140608_Sicilia-06_7248.jpg" alt="police car in Castelmola" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column2"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="header"><a href="mount-etna.htm">Mount Etna</a></h3> <p><a href="mount-etna.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Castelmola-Etna-20140608_Sicilia-06_7226.jpg" alt="Mount Etna seen from Castelmola" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" title="Mount Etna seen from Castelmola" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column3"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="header"><a href="taormina-castelmola.htm">Castelmola</a></h3> <p><a href="taormina-castelmola.htm"><img src="images/1000x700-Castelmola-Caffe-Turrisi-ext-20140608_Sicilia-06_7204.jpg" alt="Castelmola" width="1000" height="700" class="scaled-max-plain-left" title="Castelmola" /></a></p> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="inner-columns-wrapper"> <div class="three-column-column1"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="noto.htm">Noto </a></h3> <p><a href="noto.htm"><img src="images/550x385-Noto-cathedral.jpg" alt="Taormina, Greek Theatre" width="550" height="385" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column2"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="cefalu-aleister-crowley-abbey-thelema.htm">Abbey of Thelema </a></h3> <p><a href="cefalu-aleister-crowley-abbey-thelema.htm"><img src="images/500x350-Cefalu-Crowley-20150314-Crowley_0904.jpg" alt="Abbey of Thelema - Aleister Crowley in Cefalu" width="500" height="350" class="scaled-max-plain-left" /></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-column3"> <div class="three-column-content">  <h3 class="boxh3"><a href="sicily-baroque.htm">Baroque Architecture </a></h3> <p><a href="sicily-baroque.htm"><img src="images/1000x700-Siracusa-Duomo-statue-20140604_Sicilia-02_6525.jpg" alt="Siracusa duomo" width="1000" height="700" class="scaled-max-plain-left" title="Siracusa duomo" /></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <div class="CTA-02"> <p>"For over twenty-five centuries we’ve been bearing the weight of superb and heterogeneous civilisations, all from outside, none made by ourselves, none that we could call our own. We’re as white as you are, Chevalley, and as the Queen of England; and yet for two thousand five hundred years we’ve been a colony. I don’t say that in complaint; it’s our fault. But even so we’re worn out and exhausted." <br> Giuseppe Tomasi Di Lampedusa: <a href="sources.htm"><em>The Leopard</em></a></p> </div><p> </p> <p> </p> <p><img src="images/1000x700-palermo-museum-inquisition-map-1589-sicily-20150322-Palermo-004_2413.jpg" alt=""/></p> <p>Map of Sicily from 1589.</p> <p>Sicily is a large triangular island in the Mediterranean Sea, separated from the mainland by the narrow Strait of Messina. It forms, with the neighbouring islands of Lipari, Egadi, Ustica, and Pantelleria, a region of Italy.</p> <p>Sicily was settled successively by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians, and it became a Roman province in 241 bc after the first Punic War. </p> <p>The Arabs conquered Sicily in 827 and remained there to 1072 when the Normans defeated them.</p> <p>In 1266 Sicily was conquered by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>, but the unpopularity of the Angevin regime led to the uprising known as the Sicilian Vespers (which Verdi used in one of his operas) and the establishment in Sicily of the Spanish House of Aragon in its place. Southern Italy remained under Angevin rule until reunited with Sicily in 1442. In 1816 the two areas were officially merged when the Spanish Bourbon Ferdinand styled himself King of the Two Sicilies. </p> <p>Sicily was liberated by Garibaldi in 1860 and finally incorporated into the new state of Italy.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h2>John Julius Norwich - Sicily: An Island at the Crossroads of History</h2> <div class="video-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/cRke-V1GZ88?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p>John Julius Norwich: "Sicily: An Island at the Crossroads of History", February 2016 (Paul Mellon Lecture)</p> <p> </p><p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p><h2 id="UNESCO">Sicilian Sites on UNESCO's World Heritage List</h2> <ul> <li>Agrigento: Archaeological Area of Agrigento (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/831">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Aeolian Islands: Isole Eolie. The group consists of seven islands (Lipari, Vulcano, Salina, Stromboli, Filicudi, Alicudi and Panarea) and five small islets (Basiluzzo, Dattilo, Lisca Nera, Bottaro and Lisca Bianca) in the vicinity of Panarea. (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/908">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Caltagirone (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Catania (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li><a href="cefalu-cathedral.htm">Cefalù Cathedral</a></li> <li>Militello Val di Catania (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Modica (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li><a href="palermo-monreale-cathedral.htm">Monreale Cathedral</a></li> <li>Mount Etna (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1427">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li> Noto (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Palermo: <a href="palermo-norman-palace.htm">Palazzo dei Normanni</a> (The Norman Palace)</li> <li>Palermo: <a href="palermo-palatine-chapel.htm">Cappella Palatina</a> (The Palatine Chapel in the Norman Palace)</li> <li>Palermo: Church of San Giovanni degli Eremiti</li> <li>Palermo: Church of Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio (also known as the Martorana)</li> <li>Palermo: Church of San Cataldo</li> <li>Palermo: Cathedral of Palermo</li> <li>Palermo: <a href="palermo-la-zisa.htm">The Zisa Palace</a> (La Zisa)</li> <li>Palermo: <a href="palermo-la-cuba.htm">The Cuba Palace (La Cuba)</a></li> <li>Palazzolo Acreide (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Ragusa (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Scicli (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1024">UNESCO</a>)</li> <li>Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica (<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1200">UNESCO</a>)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>  </p><h2>Languages in Sicily</h2> <h3><strong>835 BCE – 535 CE (Classical & Early Medieval Period)</strong> </h3> <p><strong>Greek & Latin</strong> dominated.</p> <p><strong>Neo-Punic</strong> was present but mainly in western Sicily.</p> <p>Multilingualism persisted, with references to Siculi as "trilingues" in the 2nd century CE. </p> <h3>535–827 CE (Byzantine Period)</h3> <p><strong>Sicilian Greek</strong> was the main language.</p> <p>The presence of <strong>Latinate dialects</strong> is debated. </p> <h3>827–1072 CE (Islamic Rule)</h3> <p><strong>Arabic</strong> became the dominant language and lingua franca.</p> <p><strong>Greek</strong> persisted in Christian communities, especially in the northeast.</p> <h3>1072–1250 CE (Norman & Hohenstaufen Rule) </h3> <p>Ordinary Sicilians spoke a mix of languages:</p> <p><strong>Arabic</strong> was still widely spoken, especially in western and southern Sicily.</p> <p><strong>Greek</strong> remained common among Christian communities, particularly in the northeast.</p> <p><strong>Siculo-Romance dialects</strong> (early forms of Sicilian) began emerging, influenced by Latin, Arabic, and Greek.</p> <p>Arabic remained in use in administration and the Norman court but declined over time.</p> <p>By <strong>1250</strong>, Arabic was nearly extinct, and Greek was also in decline.</p> <p>Sicilian Jews primarily spoke <strong>Judeo-Arabic</strong>, influenced by Arabic and Hebrew.</p> <p>They wrote in <strong>Hebrew script</strong>, often using it for both Hebrew and Arabic texts.</p> <p>After Norman rule, many Jews shifted to <strong>Siculo-Romance dialects</strong>, but they continued using Hebrew for religious and scholarly writings.</p> <h3>1250–1300 CE</h3> <p><strong>Arabic speakers</strong> were deported or assimilated into Greek-speaking Christian communities. </p> <p>Arabic persisted in <strong>Lucera (Italy) until 1300</strong> and in <strong>Judeo-Arabic communities until the late 15th century</strong>.</p> <h3>1300–1713 (Spanish Rule) & Beyond</h3> <p>Sicilian dialects retained some <strong>Arabic loanwords</strong>, mostly in trade, agriculture, and daily life.</p> <p>Influence from <strong>Spanish Arabic</strong> further complicated linguistic traces.</p> <p><strong>Jews in Sicily continued to use Hebrew and Siculo-Romance dialects</strong> until their expulsion in 1492.</p> <p>Arabic had no significant impact on modern Sicilian dialects: “Although later Medieval and modern Sicilian dialects are distinguished from other Italian dialects by the presence of Arabic interferences and loanwords, those elements are both slight and superficial, the language having been effectively obliterated by events of the 13th century.” (Alex Metcalfe)</p> <p><em>This summary is derived from the work of Alex Metcalfe</em></p><p> </p> <p> </p><h3>Facts about Sicily</h3> <ul> <li>Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean.</li> <li>Sicily is the largest region in Italy.</li> <li>The terrain in Sicily is hilly. Plains and plateaus make up only 14% of the total land area.</li> <li>It is hard to believe for anyone having visited Sicily that the island once was well wooded. By the 17th century, there was not enough timber for local consumption. A lot of the forests disappeared during the long Roman Empire era (about 6 centuries). Sicily was the first grain supplier of the empire and the Romans deforested almost the entire island in order to enlarge the wheat crops.</li> <li>The Nobel Prize winner Luigi Pirandello was born near Agrigento.</li> <li>Boccaccio's Decameron Fifth Day - Novel VI takes place in <a href="palermo-la-cuba.htm">the Cuba</a>, Palermo (commissioned in 1180 by William II)</li> <li>Lemons, oranges, pistachio and sugar cane were brought to Sicily by <a href="sicily-arabs-in-sicily.htm">the Arabs</a>.</li> <li>Sicily’s greatest film director, Giuseppe Tornatore, was born, in <a href="bagheria.htm">Bagheria</a>. His most famous film is Nuovo Cinema Paradiso.</li> </ul> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div class="video-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/kIei3TnZBQ8?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h2><em>Trinacria Poems</em> and <em>A Sicilian Mosaic</em> by Rochelle Del Borrello</h2> <p><a href="books-trinacria-poems-sicilian-mosaic-rochelle-del-borrello.htm"><img src="images/cover-borrello-trinacria-poems.jpg" alt=""/> <img src="images/cover-borrello-sicilian-mosaic.jpg" alt=""/></a></p> <p><a href="books-trinacria-poems-sicilian-mosaic-rochelle-del-borrello.htm">Read more …</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>  </p> <p> </p><div class="LinksMinor"> <p><a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/halaesa-arconidea.htm">Alesa Arconidea</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/cefalu-aleister-crowley-abbey-thelema.htm">Aleister Crowley in Cefalù</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/bagheria.htm">Bagheria</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-balconies.htm">Balconies in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/taormina-von-gloeden.htm">Baron Wilhelm von Gloeden</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-baroque.htm">Baroque architecture in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-birds.htm">Birds in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/caccamo.htm">Caccamo</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-cars.htm">cars in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/taormina.htm"> Castelmola</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-cats.htm">Cats in Italy</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/collesano.htm">Collesano</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-death.htm">Death in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sardinia-death.htm">Death in Sardinia</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/entella.htm">Entella</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-film-locations.htm">Film locations in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-fishermen.htm">Fish, fishermen and fish markets in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/gela.htm">Gela</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/gibilmanna.htm">Gibilmanna</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-greeks.htm">Greeks in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/halaesa-arconidea.htm">Halaesa Arconidea</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-insects.htm">insects in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/linguaglossa.htm">Linguaglossa</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-lizards.htm">Lizards in Sicily</a> - <a href="sicily-maps.htm">Maps of Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/palermo-monreale-cathedral.htm">Monreale Cathedral</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/palermo-monreale-cloister.htm">Monreale Cloister</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-life-01.htm">Life in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-mosaics.htm">Mosaics in Sicily</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/mount-etna.htm">Mount Etna</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-museums-exhibitions.htm">Museums and Exhibitions</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-normans.htm">Normans in Sicily</a> - Palermo: <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/palermo-museum-inquisition.htm">Museum of the Holy Inquisition</a> - Palermo: <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/palermo-norman-palace.htm">the Norman Palace</a> - Palermo: <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/palermo-oratorio-rosario-san-domenico.htm">Oratorio del SS. Rosario, San Domenico</a> - Palermo: <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/palermo-palatine-chapel.htm">the Palatine Chapel (Cappella Palatina)</a> - Palermo: <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-richard-wagner.htm">Richard Wagner in Sicily</a> - Palermo: <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/palermo-la-zisa.htm">La Zisa</a> - Palermo: <a href="/palermo-chiesa-santa-maria-della-catena.htm">Chiesa Santa Maria della Catena (Church of Saint Mary of the Chain)</a> - Syracuse: <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/siracusa-archeological-park.htm">The Archeological Park</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-tommaso-fazello.htm">Tommaso Fazello</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-tuna-fishing.htm">Tuna fishing in Sicily (La Mattanza)</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/videos.htm">Videos</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/bagheria-villa-palagonia.htm">Villa Palagonia (Bagheria) "The Villa of Monsters" (Villa dei Mostri)</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/villa-romana-del-casale.htm">Villa Romana del Casale</a> (near Piazza Armerina) - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/sicily-in-art.htm">Sicily in Art</a> - <a href="/sicily-art-artists.htm">Sicilian Art and Artists</a> - <a href="https://www.wondersofsicily.com/white-lotus-season-2-locations-sicily.htm">The White Lotus season 2 locations in Sicily</a> -</p> </div><p> </p> <p> </p><p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/wondersofsicily"><img src="images/facebook.png" width="26" height="26" alt="logo"/></a>   <a href="https://twitter.com/WonSicily/"><img src="images/twitter.png" width="26" height="26" alt=""/></a>    </p><p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </div>  <div class="sidebar"> <div class="content p7ehc-1"> <h4>Wonderful Sicily</h4> <p><img class="scaled-max" src="images/200x200-trinacria-sicily.jpg" width="200" height="200" alt=""/></p> <p>Palermo - Taormina - Cefalù - Syracuse - Agrigento - Catania - Enna - Noto - Modica </p> </div> </div> <span class="clearfix"> </span> </div> <div id="footer"> <p>Sicilia</p> <p><a href="Sicily-UNESCO-World-Heritage-List.htm">Sicilian Sites on UNESCO's World Heritage List</a></p> <p>Web Statistics for Wondersofsicily.com</p> <p>Do you see any errors or have any suggestions, please <a href="about.htm">write to the editor</a>…</p> <p>© Per-Erik Skramstad / The Wonders of Sicily<br /> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/skramstad/">LinkedIn</a> -</p> <p><a href="about.htm">About The Wonders of Sicily</a></p> <p> </p>  <div id="footer2"> <p>All photographs © Per-Erik Skramstad unless otherwise stated</p> </div>  <p> </p> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var sc_project=10021591; var sc_invisible=1; var sc_security="618e2f76"; var sc_https=1; var sc_remove_link=1; var scJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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