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href="#Distributed_Hash_Table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Distributed Hash Table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distributed_Hash_Table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endgame_/_Endgame_mode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endgame_/_Endgame_mode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Endgame / Endgame mode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endgame_/_Endgame_mode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Fake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freeleech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freeleech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Freeleech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freeleech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Grab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Hash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hit-and-run" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hit-and-run"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Hit-and-run</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hit-and-run-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Index" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Index"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Index</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Index-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interested" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interested"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Interested</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interested-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Leech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lurker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lurker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Lurker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lurker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnet_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnet_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>Magnet link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnet_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseeded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseeded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>Overseeded</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseeded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-p2p" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#p2p"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>p2p</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-p2p-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>Peer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>Piece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratio_credit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratio_credit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>Ratio credit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratio_credit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scraping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scraping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.22</span> <span>Scraping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scraping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seed_/_seeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seed_/_seeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23</span> <span>Seed / seeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seed_/_seeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Share_ratio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Share_ratio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.24</span> <span>Share ratio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Share_ratio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snatch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snatch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.25</span> <span>Snatch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snatch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snubbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snubbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.26</span> <span>Snubbing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snubbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Super-seeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Super-seeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.27</span> <span>Super-seeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Super-seeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swarm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swarm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.28</span> <span>Swarm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swarm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torrent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torrent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.29</span> <span>Torrent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torrent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tracker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tracker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.30</span> <span>Tracker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tracker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a 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class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms" title="Special:EditPage/Glossary of BitTorrent terms">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Glossary+of+BitTorrent+terms%22">"Glossary of BitTorrent terms"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Glossary+of+BitTorrent+terms%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Glossary+of+BitTorrent+terms%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Glossary+of+BitTorrent+terms%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Glossary+of+BitTorrent+terms%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Glossary+of+BitTorrent+terms%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is a <a href="/wiki/Glossary" title="Glossary">glossary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a> related to <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">peer-to-peer file sharing</a> via the <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent (protocol)">BitTorrent protocol</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms">Terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>BitTorrent</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/BitTorrent">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="c:Category:BitTorrent">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/BitTorrent">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/BitTorrent">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/BitTorrent">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/BitTorrent">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/BitTorrent">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Availability">Availability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Availability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>(Also known as distributed copies.) The availability of each piece in the torrent is defined as the number of peers who have a copy of that piece.</dd> <dd>The availability of the entire torrent is defined as the nonnegative <a href="/wiki/Real_number" title="Real number">real number</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Integer_part" class="mw-redirect" title="Integer part">integer part</a> is the minimum piece availability and whose <a href="/wiki/Fractional_part" title="Fractional part">fractional part</a> is the fraction of pieces that have higher availability than the minimum piece availability.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><i>Example:</i> There are 10 pieces, Peer A has pieces 0 to 5, Peer B has 2 to 7, and Peer C has 4 to 9. Pieces 0, 1, 8, 9 have availability 1. Pieces 2, 3, 6, 7 have availability 2. Pieces 4 and 5 have availability 3. The entire torrent has availability 1.6 (1 + 6/10). The integer part is 1 because 1 is the lowest piece availability. The fractional part is 6/10 because more than one peer has pieces 2 to 7 (6 pieces) and there are 10 total pieces. Even though 3 peers have pieces 4 and 5, it does not further increase the availability.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Sometimes "distributed copies" is considered to be "availability minus 1". So if the availability is 2.6, the distributed copies will be 1.6 because it is only counting the additional "copies" of the file.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Choked">Choked</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Choked"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Describes a <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Peer">peer</a> to which the client refuses to send file pieces. A client <i>chokes</i> another client in several situations: <ul><li>The second client is a <i>seed</i>, in which case it does not want any pieces (i.e., it is completely <i>uninterested</i>)</li> <li>The client is already uploading at its full capacity (it has reached the value of <code>max_uploads</code>)</li> <li>The second client has been <a href="/wiki/Blacklist_(computing)" title="Blacklist (computing)">blacklisted</a> for being abusive or is using a blacklisted BitTorrent client.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Client">Client</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Client"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>The program that enables <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> <a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">file sharing</a> via the BitTorrent protocol. See <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">Comparison of BitTorrent clients</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distributed_Hash_Table">Distributed Hash Table</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Distributed Hash Table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">Distributed Hash Tables</a> (DHT) are used in Bittorrent for peers to send a list of other seeds/peers in the swarm for a particular torrent directly to a client without the need for a tracker.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endgame_/_Endgame_mode"><span id="Endgame_.2F_Endgame_mode"></span>Endgame / Endgame mode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Endgame / Endgame mode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Any applied algorithm for downloading the last few pieces (see below) of a torrent.</dd> <dd>In typical client operation the last download pieces arrive more slowly than the others. This is because the faster and more easily accessible pieces should have already been obtained. In order to prevent the last pieces becoming unobtainable, BitTorrent clients attempt to get the last missing pieces from all of its peers. Upon receiving the last pieces a cancel request command is sent to other peers.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fake">Fake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A fake torrent is a torrent that does not contain what is specified in its name or description (e.g. a torrent is said to contain a video, but it contains only a <a href="/wiki/Snapshot_(photography)" title="Snapshot (photography)">snapshot</a> of a moment in the video, or in some cases <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freeleech">Freeleech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Freeleech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Freeleech means that the download size of the torrent does not count towards your overall ratio, only the uploaded amount on the torrent counts toward your ratio.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grab">Grab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Grab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A torrent is grabbed when its metadata files have been downloaded.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hash">Hash</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hash"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>The <a href="/wiki/Hash_function" title="Hash function">hash</a> is a digital fingerprint in the form of a string of <a href="/wiki/Alphanumeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphanumeric">alphanumeric</a> characters (typically <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>) in the .torrent file that the client uses to verify the data that is being transferred. "Hash" is the shorter form of the word "<a href="/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function" title="Cryptographic hash function">hashsum</a>".</dd> <dd>Torrent files contain information like the file list, sizes, pieces, etc. Every piece received is first checked against the hash. If it fails verification, the data is discarded and requested again.</dd> <dd>Hash checks greatly reduce the chance that invalid data is incorrectly identified as valid by the BitTorrent client, but it is still possible for invalid data to have the same hash value as the valid data and be treated as such. This is known as a <a href="/wiki/Hash_collision" title="Hash collision">hash collision</a>. Torrent and p2p files typically use 160 bit hashes that are reasonably free from hash collision problems, so the probability of bad data being received and passed on is extraordinarily small.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Health is shown in a bar or in % usually next to the torrent's name and size, on the site where the <code>.torrent</code> file is hosted. It shows if all pieces of the torrent are available to download (i.e. 50% means that only half of the torrent is available). Health does not indicate whether the torrent is free of viruses.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hit-and-run">Hit-and-run</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hit-and-run"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>To intentionally "leech" a file; downloading a file while seeding as little as possible. It's abbreviated HnR or H&R.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Index">Index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Index"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_index" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent index">BitTorrent index</a></div></dd> <dd>An index is a list of .torrent files (usually including descriptions and other information) managed by a <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> and available for searches. An <i>index</i> website can also be a <i>tracker</i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interested">Interested</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Interested"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Describes a downloader who wishes to obtain pieces of a file the client has. For example, the uploading client would flag a downloading client as 'interested' if that client did not possess a piece that it did, and wished to obtain it.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leech">Leech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leech_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leech (computing)">Leech (computing)</a></div></dd> <dd><i>Leech</i> has two meanings. Often, <i>leecher</i> is synonymous with <i>downloader</i>: simply describing a <i>peer</i> or any client that does not have 100% of the data.</dd> <dd>The term <i>leech</i> also refers to a <i>peer</i> (or peers) that has a negative effect on the swarm by having a very poor share ratio, downloading much more than they upload. Leeches may be on asymmetric Internet connections or do not leave their <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_client" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent client">BitTorrent client</a> open to seed the file after their download has completed. However, some leechers intentionally avoid uploading by using modified clients or excessively limiting their upload speed.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lurker">Lurker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lurker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lurker" title="Lurker">Lurker</a></div></dd> <dd>A <i>lurker</i> is a user that only downloads files from the group but does not add new content. It does not necessarily mean that the lurker will not seed. Not to be confused with a <i>leecher</i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnet_link">Magnet link</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Magnet link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A mechanism different from a <code>.torrent</code> metafile which can be used to identify a set of files for BitTorrent based on content, as opposed to referencing any particular tracker. The method is not limited to BitTorrent data. See <a href="/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">Magnet URI scheme</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseeded">Overseeded</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Overseeded"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>In private trackers using ratio credit, a torrent is <i>overseeded</i> when its availability is so high that seeders have difficulty finding downloaders.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="p2p">p2p</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: p2p"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">Peer-to-peer</a></div></dd> <dd>In a p2p network, each node (or computer on the network) acts as both a client and a server. In other words, each computer is capable of both responding to requests for data and requesting data itself.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peer">Peer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Peer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A <i>peer</i> is one instance of a BitTorrent client running on a computer on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> to which other clients connect and transfer data. Depending on context, "peer" can refer either to any client in the swarm or more specifically to a downloader, a client that has only parts of the file.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piece">Piece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Piece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>This refers to the torrented files being divided up into equal specific sized pieces (<i>e.g.</i>, 64kB, 128kB, 512kB, 1MB, 2MB, 4MB or 8MB). The pieces are distributed in a <a href="/wiki/Randomness" title="Randomness">random</a> fashion among peers in order to optimize trading efficiency.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratio_credit">Ratio credit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ratio credit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Ratio credit</i>, also known as <i>upload credit</i> or <i>ratio economy</i>, is a currency system used on a number of private trackers to provide an incentive for higher upload/download ratios among member file-sharers. In such a system, those users with greater amounts of bandwidth, hard drive space (particularly <a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">seedboxes</a>) or idle computer <a href="/wiki/Uptime" title="Uptime">uptime</a> are at a greater advantage to accumulate ratio credits versus those lacking in any one or more of the same resources.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scraping">Scraping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Scraping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tracker_scrape" title="Tracker scrape">Tracker scrape</a></div></dd> <dd>This is when a client sends a request to the tracking server for information about the statistics of the torrent, such as with whom to share the file and how well those other users are sharing.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seed_/_seeding"><span id="Seed_.2F_seeding"></span>Seed / seeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Seed / seeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A <i>seed</i> refers to a machine possessing all of the data (100% completion). A <i>peer</i> or <i>downloader</i> becomes a seed when it completely downloads all the data and continues/starts uploading data for other peers to download from. This includes any <i>peer</i> possessing 100% of the data or a <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent#Web_seeding" title="BitTorrent">web seed</a>. When a <i>downloader</i> starts uploading content, the peer becomes a <i>seed</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Seeding_(computing)" title="Seeding (computing)">Seeding</a></i> refers to leaving a peer's BitTorrent client open and available for additional individuals to download from. Normally, a peer should seed more data than download. However, whether to seed or not, or how much to seed, depends on the availability of downloaders and the choice of the peer at the seeding end.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Share_ratio">Share ratio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Share ratio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A user's <i>share ratio</i> for any individual torrent is a number determined by dividing the amount of data that user has uploaded by the amount of data they have downloaded. Final share ratios over 1.0 carry a positive connotation in the BitTorrent community, because they indicate that the user has sent more data to other users than they received. Likewise, share ratios under 1 have negative connotation.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snatch">Snatch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Snatch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A torrent is <i>snatched</i> when its data files have been downloaded.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snubbing">Snubbing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Snubbing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>An uploading client is displayed as <i>snubbed</i> if the downloading client has not received any data from it in over 60 seconds.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Super-seeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>When a file is new, much time can be wasted because the <a href="/wiki/Seeding_(computing)" title="Seeding (computing)">seeding</a> client might send the same file piece to many different peers, while other pieces have not yet been downloaded at all. Some clients, like <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a> have a "<a href="/wiki/Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">super-seed</a>" mode, where they try to only send out pieces that have never been sent out before, theoretically making the initial propagation of the file much faster. However the super-seeding becomes less effective and may even reduce performance compared to the normal "rarest first" model in cases where some peers have poor or limited connectivity. This mode is generally used only for a new torrent, or one which must be re-seeded because no other seeds are available.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swarm">Swarm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Swarm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Together, all <i>peers</i> (including <i>seeds</i>) sharing a <i>torrent</i> are called a <i>swarm</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bep0003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bep0003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, six ordinary <i>peers</i> and two <i>seeds</i> make a <i>swarm</i> of eight. This is a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/holdover" class="extiw" title="wikt:holdover">holdover</a> from the predecessor to BitTorrent, a program called Swarmcast, originally from OpenCola.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>BitTorrent may sometimes display a swarm number that has no relation to the number of seeds and peers you are connected to or who are available. For example, it may show 5 out of 10 connected peers, 20 out of 100 connected seeds, and a swarm of 3.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torrent">Torrent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Torrent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A <i><a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">torrent</a></i> can mean either a .torrent <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> file or all files described by it, depending on context. The <i>torrent file</i> contains metadata about all the files it makes downloadable, including their names and sizes and <a href="/wiki/Checksum" title="Checksum">checksums</a> of all pieces in the <i>torrent</i>. It also contains the address of a <i>tracker</i> that coordinates communication between the peers in the swarm.<sup id="cite_ref-bep0003_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bep0003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tracker">Tracker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Tracker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent tracker</a></div></dd> <dd>A <i>tracker</i> is a server that keeps track of which seeds and peers are in the swarm.<sup id="cite_ref-bep0003_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bep0003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clients report information to the tracker periodically and in exchange, receive information about other clients to which they can connect. The tracker is not directly involved in the data transfer and does not have a copy of the file. It only receives information from the client.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://superuser.com/questions/1087085/how-is-availability-calculated-in-bittorrent">"How is 'availability' calculated in BitTorrent?"</a>. <i>Super User</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Super+User&rft.atitle=How+is+%27availability%27+calculated+in+BitTorrent%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuperuser.com%2Fquestions%2F1087085%2Fhow-is-availability-calculated-in-bittorrent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+BitTorrent+terms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bep0003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bep0003_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bep0003_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bep0003_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0003.html">"BEP-0003: The BitTorrent Protocol Specification"</a>. Bittorrent.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726102940/http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BEP-0003%3A+The+BitTorrent+Protocol+Specification&rft.pub=Bittorrent.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bittorrent.org%2Fbeps%2Fbep_0003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+BitTorrent+terms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BitTorrent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BitTorrent" title="Template:BitTorrent"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BitTorrent" title="Template talk:BitTorrent"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BitTorrent" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BitTorrent"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BitTorrent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainberry,_Inc." title="Rainberry, Inc.">Rainberry, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze,_Inc." title="Vuze, Inc.">Vuze, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bram_Cohen" title="Bram Cohen">Bram Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Cohen" title="Ross Cohen">Ross Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Klinker" title="Eric Klinker">Eric Klinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashwin_Navin" title="Ashwin Navin">Ashwin Navin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">Distributed hash tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(software)#BitTorrent_DNA" title="BitTorrent (software)">DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P#File_Sharing" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_index" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent index">index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Peer_Discovery" title="Local Peer Discovery">Local Peer Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">Peer exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">Protocol encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">Torrent file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Transport_Protocol" title="Micro Transport Protocol">µTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clients<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">comparison</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Usage share of BitTorrent clients">usage share</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(software)" title="BitTorrent (software)">BitTorrent</a> (original client)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLord" title="BitLord">BitLord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(software)" title="Deluge (software)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Download_Manager" title="Free Download Manager">Free Download Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashGet" title="FlashGet">FlashGet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FrostWire" title="FrostWire">FrostWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GetRight" title="GetRight">GetRight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go!Zilla" title="Go!Zilla">Go!Zilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTorrent" title="KTorrent">KTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libtorrent" title="Libtorrent">libtorrent</a> (library)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LimeWire" title="LimeWire">LimeWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">µTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miro_(video_software)" title="Miro (video software)">Miro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLDonkey" title="MLDonkey">MLDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTorrent" title="RTorrent">rTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixati" title="Tixati">Tixati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a> (formerly Azureus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent_Desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="WebTorrent Desktop">WebTorrent Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunlei" title="Xunlei">Xunlei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tracker software<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_tracker_software" title="Comparison of BitTorrent tracker software">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenBitTorrent" title="OpenBitTorrent">OpenBitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opentracker" title="Opentracker">opentracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTracker" title="PeerTracker">PeerTracker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search engines<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1337x" title="1337x">1337x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonoid" title="Demonoid">Demonoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etree" title="Etree">etree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaa_Torrents" title="Nyaa Torrents">Nyaa Torrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Rockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Rockers">Tamil Rockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RuTracker.org" title="RuTracker.org">ruTracker.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YggTorrent" title="YggTorrent">YggTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YourBittorrent" title="YourBittorrent">YourBittorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct sites<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites#Defunct" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BTJunkie" title="BTJunkie">BTJunkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraTorrent" title="ExtraTorrent">ExtraTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EZTV" title="EZTV">EZTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsoHunt" title="IsoHunt">isoHunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LokiTorrent" title="LokiTorrent">LokiTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mininova" title="Mininova">Mininova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oink%27s_Pink_Palace" title="Oink's Pink Palace">Oink's Pink Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RARBG" title="RARBG">RARBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprnova.org" title="Suprnova.org">Suprnova.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T411" title="T411">t411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrent_Project" title="Torrent Project">Torrent Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TorrentSpy" title="TorrentSpy">TorrentSpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrentz" title="Torrentz">Torrentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What.CD" title="What.CD">What.CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIFY" title="YIFY">YIFY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTorrent" title="YouTorrent">YouTorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AXXo" title="AXXo">aXXo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_Open_Source_License" title="BitTorrent Open Source License">BitTorrent Open Source License</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glossary of BitTorrent terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_Time" title="Popcorn Time">Popcorn Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slyck.com" title="Slyck.com">Slyck.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow 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