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Retrieved 21 March 2017.</ref> | successor4 = | office5 = [[Parliamentary group leader|Parliamentary Leader of the Party for Freedom in the Senate]] | term_start5 = 25 September 2012 | term_end5 = 10 June 2014 | predecessor5 = [[Machiel de Graaf]] | successor5 = [[Marjolein Faber]] | office6 = [[Senate (Netherlands)|Member of the Senate of the Netherlands]] | term_start6 = 7 June 2011 | term_end6 = 1 July 2014 | birthname = M.J.R.L. de Graaff | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|04|07|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Forum for Democracy]] (2022–present) | spouse = | children = | alma_mater = [[Radboud University Nijmegen]] | website = | otherparty = [[Party for Freedom]] (2011–2022) }} '''M.J.R.L.''' "'''Marcel'''" '''de Graaff''' ({{IPA|nl|mɑrˈsɛl də ˈɣraːf|lang}}; born 7 April 1962) is a Dutch politician. He was a member of the [[Senate (Netherlands)|Senate]] of the Netherlands for the [[Party for Freedom]] (PVV) from 2011 to 2014. He served as a [[Member of the European Parliament]] (MEP) for the [[Netherlands (European Parliament constituency)|Netherlands]] in the periods 2014–2019 and 2020–2024. He was co-president of the [[Europe of Nations and Freedom]], and he switched party affiliation to [[Forum for Democracy]] in his second term. == Early life and career == Marcel de Graaff was born on 7 April 1962 in [[Rotterdam]].<ref name="parlement">"[http://www.parlement.com/id/vinxl5ooisz7/m_j_r_l_marcel_de_graaff Drs. M.J.R.L. (Marcel) de Graaff]" (in Dutch), ''Parlement & Politiek''. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</ref> De Graaff studied theology at the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]] between 1981 and 1988.<ref name="eerstekamer">{{cite web|url=http://www.eerstekamer.nl/persoon/drs_m_j_r_l_de_graaff_pvv |title=Drs. M.J.R.L. de Graaff (PVV) |publisher=Senate of the Netherlands |access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref> De Graaff worked as a consultant for IT & Operations from 1 August 1989.<ref name="eerstekamer"/> He was a teacher of religion at a secondary school in Rotterdam from 1 January 2010 until 1 July 2010.<ref name="parlement"/> He also was a manager for [[KPN]] [[telecommunications]] company.<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/mepdif/125025_DFI_rev0_NL.pdf Opgave van de financiële belangen van de leden] (in Dutch), [[European Parliament]]. Retrieved 20 February 2017.</ref> == Political career == De Graaff was a member of the [[Senate (Netherlands)|Senate]] of the Netherlands representing the Party for Freedom from 7 June 2011 until 1 July 2014. He was [[parliamentary group leader]] of the PVV in the Senate from 25 September 2012 until 10 June 2014.<ref name="parlement"/> De Graaff was the [[Lijsttrekker|top candidate]] of the PVV for the [[2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands|2014 European Parliament elections]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nos.nl/artikel/627645-de-graaff-pvvlijsttrekker-in-europa.html |title=De Graaff PVV-lijsttrekker in Europa |language=nl |publisher=Nederlandse Omroep Stichting |date=24 March 2014 |access-date=7 May 2014}}</ref> He became [[Member of the European Parliament]] for the [[Netherlands (European Parliament constituency)|Netherlands]] per 1 July 2014. He has also become the parliamentary group leader of the PVV in the European Parliament since the beginning of his term as an MEP.<ref name="parlement"/> In 2015, far-right MEPs founded the [[Europe of Nations and Freedom]] group. [[Marine Le Pen]] and De Graaff have been its first co-presidents since 15 June 2015.<ref>Julie Levy-Abegnoli, "[https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/articles/news/far-right-meps-form-eu-parliamentary-group Far right MEPs form EU parliamentary group]", ''[[The Parliament Magazine]]'', 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2017.</ref> On 28 October 2015, De Graaff voted multiple times for Le Pen in her absence, which is against the European Parliament's rules. Parliament president [[Martin Schulz]] withheld [[euro|€]] 1,530 in allowances as a punitive measure.<ref>Peter Teffer, "[https://euobserver.com/institutional/131571 Dutch MEP to lose €1,530 in Le Pen voting penalty]", ''[[EUobserver]]'', 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2017.</ref> De Graaff was the PVV leader for the [[2019 European Parliament election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j9vvj9idsj04xr6/vkx3ivl2guzh?ctx=vi6qcluz2dvq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601193631/https://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j9vvj9idsj04xr6/vkx3ivl2guzh?ctx=vi6qcluz2dvq |title=Marcel de Graaff opnieuw lijsttrekker PVV bij verkiezingen Europees Parlement |language=nl |publisher=Europa.nu |date=25 March 2019 |archive-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> The party did not obtain any seats in the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2286517-pvv-en-sp-likken-wonden-na-mislopen-europese-zetels.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624015708/https://nos.nl/artikel/2286517-pvv-en-sp-likken-wonden-na-mislopen-europese-zetels.html |title=PVV en SP likken wonden na mislopen Europese zetels |language=nl |publisher=Nederlandse Omroep Stichting |date=27 May 2019 |archive-date=24 June 2019}}</ref> His term in the European Parliament ended on 1 July 2019.<ref name="parlement"/> In February 2020 it was announced that because of [[Brexit]] the PVV would obtain a seat in the European Parliament, which was assigned to De Graaff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nos.nl/collectie/13825/artikel/2321850-drie-brexitzetels-europees-parlement-gaan-naar-pvv-vvd-en-ex-lid-forum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601194014/https://nos.nl/collectie/13825/artikel/2321850-drie-brexitzetels-europees-parlement-gaan-naar-pvv-vvd-en-ex-lid-forum |title=Drie 'brexitzetels' Europees Parlement gaan naar PVV, VVD en ex-lid Forum |language=nl |publisher=Nederlandse Omroep Stichting |date=6 February 2020 |archive-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> He was appointed per 1 February 2020.<ref name="mep">{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/125025/MARCEL_DE+GRAAFF/history/9#detailedcardmep |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601194722/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/125025/MARCEL_DE+GRAAFF/history/9 |title=Marcel de GRAAFF 9th parliamentary term |date=7 April 1962 |publisher=European Parliament |archive-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> === Forum for Democracy === In 2022, he defected to [[Thierry Baudet]]'s [[Forum for Democracy]] (FvD) party after expressing support for its more hardline stance against the [[COVID-19 vaccine]] and criticising the PVV's pro-vaccine policies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/far-right-dutch-mep-marcel-de-graaf-ditch-geert-wilders-party-coronavirus-vaccine-stance/ |title=Far-right Dutch MEP ditches Geert Wilders' party over its vaccination stance |access-date=2022-01-26|website=www.politico.eu|date=20 January 2022 }}</ref> He was suspended from [[Identity and Democracy]] later that year, and he decided to leave the group on 22 October due to their differing stances towards Russia. He became a [[Non-Inscrits|Non-Inscrit]] member of European Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/q2jyuaxxxn |title=Wayback Machine has not archived that URL. |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Twitter |language=en}}{{Dead Link|date=September 2023}}</ref> De Graaff was one of 16 MEPs who voted against condemning President [[Daniel Ortega]] of [[Nicaragua]] for human rights violations, in particular the arrest of Bishop [[Rolando José Álvarez Lagos|Rolando Álvarez]].<ref>{{cite web|title=European Parliament condemns growing repression of Catholic Church in Nicaragua, calls for release of bishop|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/252307/european-parliament-condemns-growing-repression-of-catholic-church-in-nicaragua-calls-for-release-of-bishop}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nicaragua, in particular the arrest of the bishop Rolando Álvarez|url= https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/PV-9-2022-09-15-RCV_FR.pdf}}</ref> He had also been one of 13 MEPs who voted against condemning the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.nu.nl/europese-verkiezingen/6314727/politie-doorzoekt-kantoor-medewerker-van-fvd-europarlementarier-de-graaff.html |date = 2024-05-29 |access-date = 2024-05-30 |language = nl |website = [[NU.nl]] |title = Politie doorzoekt kantoor medewerker van FVD-Europarlementariër De Graaff |trans-title = Police searches office assistant FVD MEP De Graaff }}</ref> ''[[Nederlands Dagblad]]'' noted that De Graaff copied President [[Vladimir Putin]]'s rhetoric in defense of the war. In a March 2024 debate in the European Parliament, he lauded Russia's sheltering of Ukrainians, and he claimed without evidence that Ukraine had been responsible for bombing hundreds of thousands of children and for supplying children for [[child sex ring|pedophile rings]] and [[organ trade]].<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.nd.nl/nieuws/politiek/1218818/fvder-marcel-de-graaff-is-zo-pro-poetin-dat-zelfs-zijn-geestv |url-access = subscription |date = 4 April 2024 |last = Ubbels |first = Ruurd |access-date = 7 April 2024 |language = nl |website = [[Nederlands Dagblad]] |title = FVD'er Marcel de Graaff is zo pro-Poetin, dat zelfs zijn geestverwanten hem wantrouwen |trans-title = FVD member Marcel de Graaff is so pro-Putin that even his ideological peers distrust him }}</ref> The home and office of one of De Graaff's assistants was raided in May 2024 by Belgian and French authorities, respectively, in an investigation into [[Russian interference in European politics]]. The Czech government had discovered earlier that MEPs had received payments for repeating Russian talking points through the online publication ''Voice of Europe''.<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/29/huiszoeking-bij-medewerker-fvder-marcel-de-graaff-rond-onderzoek-russische-beinvloeding-a4200306 |url-access = subscription |date = 2024-05-29 |last1 = Derix |first1 = Steven |last2 = Heck |first2 = Wilmer |access-date = 2024-05-30 |language = nl |website = [[NRC (newspaper)|NRC]] |title = Huiszoeking bij medewerker FVD'er Marcel de Graaff rond onderzoek Russische beïnvloeding |trans-title = House search at assistant FVD member Marcel de Graaff as part of Russian interference investigation }}</ref> De Graaff was planning to run for another term in the [[2024 European Parliament election in Belgium|June 2024 European Parliament election]] in Belgium's [[Dutch-speaking electoral college]]. However, the [[Flanders]] chapter of Forum for Democracy, which had been founded in January 2024, did not manage to collect the required 5,000 signatures to participate.<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://nos.nl/artikel/2516638-vlaamse-fvd-niet-verkiesbaar-in-europees-parlement |date = 13 April 2024 |access-date = 14 April 2024 |language = nl |website = [[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]] |title = Vlaamse FvD niet verkiesbaar in Europees Parlement |trans-title = Flemish FVD not on the ballot in European Parliament election }}</ref> De Graaff's second term ended on 15 July 2024.<ref name="mep"/> == Personal life == De Graaff is a [[Roman Catholic]] and lives in [[Rotterdam]].<ref name="parlement"/> He is married to fellow politician [[Gabriëlle Popken]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Flour Bouma |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2020/08/28/pvv-kamerlid-gabrielle-popken-verlaat-tweede-kamer-a4010174 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919160331/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2020/08/28/pvv-kamerlid-gabrielle-popken-verlaat-tweede-kamer-a4010174 |title=PVV-Kamerlid Gabriëlle Popken verlaat Tweede Kamer |newspaper=NRC |language=nl |publisher=NRC Handelsblad |date=28 August 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020}}</ref> == Electoral history == {{Incomplete list|date=December 2023}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" border=2 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="border: 1px #aaa solid; font-size: 90%; text-align:center;" |+ {{sronly|Electoral history of Marcel de Graaff}} ! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Year ! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Body ! scope="col" colspan=2 rowspan=2 |Party ! scope="col" rowspan=2 |{{abbr|2=Position on the party list|Pos.}} ! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Votes ! scope="colgroup" colspan=2 |Result ! scope="col" rowspan=2 class="unsortable" |{{abbr|2=References|Ref}}. |- ! scope="col" |Party seats ! scope="col" |Individual |- ! scope="row" | [[2012 Dutch general election|2012]] | [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] | style="background-color:{{party color|Party for Freedom}};"| | [[Party for Freedom]] | style=text-align:right | 48 | style=text-align:right | 157 | style=text-align:right | 15 | {{no2|Lost}} | <ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.kiesraad.nl/adviezen-en-publicaties/proces-verbalen/2012/09/19/proces-verbaal-zitting-uitslag-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2012 |website = Dutch Electoral Council |language = nl |access-date = 22 December 2023 |format = PDF |date = 17 September 2012 |title = Uitslag Tweede Kamerverkiezing 2012 |trans-title = Results 2012 general election |pages = 62–63 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands|2014]] | European Parliament | style="background-color:{{party color|Party for Freedom}};"| | Party for Freedom | style=text-align:right | 1 | style=text-align:right | | style=text-align:right | 4 | {{yes2|Won}} | |- ! scope="row" | [[2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands|2019]] | European Parliament | style="background-color:{{party color|Party for Freedom}};"| | Party for Freedom | style=text-align:right | 1 | style=text-align:right | | style=text-align:right | | {{no2|Lost}} | |- ! scope="row" | [[2023 Dutch Senate election|2023]] | Senate | style="background-color:{{party color|Forum for Democracy}};"| | [[Forum for Democracy]] | style=text-align:right | 13 | style=text-align:right | | style=text-align:right | | {{no2|Lost}} | |- ! scope="row" | [[2023 Dutch general election|2023]] | House of Representatives | style="background-color:{{party color|Forum for Democracy}};"| | Forum for Democracy | style=text-align:right | [[List of Forum for Democracy candidates in the 2023 Dutch general election|45]] | style=text-align:right | 71 | style=text-align:right | 3 | {{no2|Lost}} | <ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.kiesraad.nl/adviezen-en-publicaties/proces-verbalen/2023/12/04/proces-verbaal-van-de-uitslag-van-de-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2023 |website = Dutch Electoral Council |language = nl |access-date = 21 December 2023 |format = PDF |date = 4 December 2023 |title = Proces-verbaal van de uitslag van de verkiezing van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal 2023 d.d. 4 december 2023 |trans-title = Report of the results of the election of the House of Representatives on 4 December 2023 |pages = 45–104, 213 }}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/125025/MARCEL_DE+GRAAFF/home Marcel de Graaff] at the website of the European Parliament * {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.pvv-europa.nl/delegatie/marcel-de-graaff Marcel de Graaff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427211925/https://www.pvv-europa.nl/delegatie/marcel-de-graaff |date=27 April 2019 }} at the website of the European Parliament delegation of the Party for Freedom {{Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2011–2015}} {{European Parliament MEPs, 2014-2019 (Netherlands) by party}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Graaff, Marcel de}} [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:Dutch anti-vaccination activists]] [[Category:Dutch educators]] [[Category:Dutch management consultants]] [[Category:Dutch Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Party for Freedom MEPs]] [[Category:Forum for Democracy MEPs]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Members of the Senate (Netherlands)]] [[Category:MEPs for the Netherlands 2014–2019]] [[Category:MEPs for the Netherlands 2019–2024]] [[Category:Party for Freedom politicians]] [[Category:Politicians from Rotterdam]] [[Category:Radboud University Nijmegen alumni]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> 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