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Henry William de Saussure - Wikipedia

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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Director of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 1795&#160;–&#32;October 1795</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Rittenhouse" title="David Rittenhouse">David Rittenhouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot" title="Elias Boudinot">Elias Boudinot</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1763-08-16</span>)</span>August 16, 1763<br /><a href="/wiki/Pocotaligo,_South_Carolina" title="Pocotaligo, South Carolina">Pocotaligo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_South_Carolina" title="Jasper County, South Carolina">Jasper County, South Carolina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 26, 1839<span style="display:none">(1839-03-26)</span> (aged&#160;75)<br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalist" title="Federalist">Federalist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth Ford of <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton College">Princeton College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer, politician, jurist, college founder and trustee</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry William de Saussure</b> (August 16, 1763 – March 26, 1839) was an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> lawyer, state legislator and jurist from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> who became a political leader as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> following the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>. He was appointed by President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> as the 2nd Director of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a>, was a co-sponsor of the legislation that established the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_College" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina College">South Carolina College</a> which was to become the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> and was given the title of <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a> as a justice of the SC <a href="/wiki/Court_of_equity" title="Court of equity">Equity Court</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Chancery_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancery court">chancery court</a>. In this capacity he wrote and codified much of the state's <a href="/wiki/Equity_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity law">equity law</a> still in use today. He served as Intendant (Mayor) of <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a> while his son, <a href="/wiki/William_F._De_Saussure" title="William F. De Saussure">William Ford de Saussure</a>, likewise, served as Intendant (Mayor) of <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a>, SC. </p><p>He was a principal investor in founding what was originally intended to be the city's Federalist leaning newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Courier" class="mw-redirect" title="Charleston Courier">Charleston Courier</a></i> in 1803. The newspaper still exists today as it was merged with others over the course of two centuries to become <i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_and_Courier" title="The Post and Courier">The Post and Courier</a></i>. As a sitting appellate court judge, his opinions on a variety of issues were widely published under a pseudonym, which was the custom then for public officials, particularly judges, who wished to express their views away from the bench. </p><p>He openly opposed <a href="/wiki/Nullification_(U.S._Constitution)" title="Nullification (U.S. Constitution)">Nullification</a> along with other leading South Carolinians. After the Federalist Party faded in the early 1820s, he was a voice for <a href="/wiki/Unionist_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionist (United States)">Unionist</a> moderation before a rising tide of <a href="/wiki/States_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="States Rights">States Rights</a> supporters swept the stage of all others in South Carolina a generation later. Although deep political differences would eventually separate them, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> studied law in the offices of Henry de Saussure and Timothy Ford, his partner and brother-in-law. As a founder and early trustee of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a>, one of the original buildings located on the Horseshoe at the center of the campus, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DeSaussure_College&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="DeSaussure College (page does not exist)">DeSaussure College</a>, was named in his honor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_William_de_Saussure&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:36_Meeting_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/36_Meeting_Street.jpg/220px-36_Meeting_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/36_Meeting_Street.jpg/330px-36_Meeting_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/36_Meeting_Street.jpg/440px-36_Meeting_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>36 Meeting Street, Charleston, ca. 1740 is associated with many eminent South Carolina family names: DeSaussure, Vanderhorst, Brunch, Rivers, Kershaw and Pelzer</figcaption></figure> <p>At the age of 16, together with his father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_de_Saussure&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel de Saussure (page does not exist)">Daniel de Saussure</a> (1736–1798), he participated in the defense of the city during the 1780 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston" title="Siege of Charleston">Siege of Charleston</a>. When the city surrendered to British forces, both were captured. As a prisoner of war, Henry was detained aboard the Pack-Horse, a <a href="/wiki/Prison_ship" title="Prison ship">prison ship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston_Harbor" title="Charleston Harbor">Charleston Harbor</a>. Due to the deplorable conditions of the confinement, his health declined on board the ship. He was later released to his mother's custody and those others fortunate to survive the ordeal were released in a prisoner exchange in June 1781, more than a year after the surrender. </p><p>His father, Daniel, was deemed to be more of a prize and sent to the British prisons at <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a> along with other leaders of the American rebellion captured in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. As a prominent merchant in the city, Daniel's properties in Charleston and Beaufort were also confiscated. Daniel's wife, Mary, and their younger children, three daughters, were then exiled to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> for the remainder of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. The family was reunited at Philadelphia after Henry's father was released as part of a prisoner exchange following the surrender of British forces at <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a>. Still occupied, <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> would remain in British hands for some time longer. Refugees and exiles were unable to return until after the withdrawal of British troops from those areas. </p><p>In addition to his father, Henry William de Saussure had three uncles who served as officers of the Continental Line during the American Revolution. All three uncles died in service to the American cause leaving no male heirs to the de Saussure family in America except that of Daniel. Louis de Saussure was killed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">Siege of Savannah</a> in 1779. Henry de Saussure died in camp during the Siege of Charleston in 1780. Thomas de Saussure was killed at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_marriage">Education and marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_William_de_Saussure&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Education and marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While in Philadelphia young de Saussure attended <a href="/wiki/Princeton_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton College">Princeton College</a> and studied law under <a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a>, a noted Philadelphia attorney who would later be an active participant in the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Constitutional Convention</a> and a leading proponent of the Federalist Party. Before returning to Charleston, de Saussure married Elizabeth Ford, the daughter of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Jacob Ford, Jr.</a> and Theodosia Johnes Ford of <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. Henry and Elizabeth were married at her family's <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">home</a> in Morristown. </p><p>Henry &amp; Eliza de Saussure had 12 children. Their second son, <a href="/wiki/William_F._De_Saussure" title="William F. De Saussure">William F. De Saussure</a>, was appointed to fill an unexpired term in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in 1852. It was the same seat held by <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a>. Despite Henry de Saussure's early political association with the Federalist Party and later support of Unionist candidates in opposition to the Nullification movement, most notably <a href="/wiki/Joel_Roberts_Poinsett" title="Joel Roberts Poinsett">Joel Roberts Poinsett</a>, his son William Ford De Saussure would become a signer of the <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_Secession" title="Ordinance of Secession">Ordinance of Secession</a> in 1860. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_family_members">Famous family members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_William_de_Saussure&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Famous family members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to his son <a href="/wiki/William_F._De_Saussure" title="William F. De Saussure">William F. De Saussure</a>, notable relatives of Henry William de Saussure include his grandfather's brother <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Saussure" title="César-François de Saussure">César-François de Saussure</a> (1705&#8211;1783), foreign service attaché and social commentator; European cousins <a href="/wiki/Horace-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" class="mw-redirect" title="Horace-Bénédict de Saussure">Horace-Bénédict de Saussure</a> (1740&#8211;1799), Swiss naturalist, <a href="/wiki/Albertine_Necker_de_Saussure" title="Albertine Necker de Saussure">Albertine Necker de Saussure</a> (1766&#8211;1841), Swiss writer, educationalist, and advocate of education for women, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a> (1857&#8211;1913), Swiss linguist, and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ric_de_Saussure" class="extiw" title="de:Éric de Saussure">Éric de Saussure</a> (1925&#8211;2007), Swiss artist and member of the <a href="/wiki/Taiz%C3%A9_Community" title="Taizé Community">Taizé Community</a>. Other American descendants include grandson <a href="/wiki/Wilmot_Gibbes_de_Saussure" title="Wilmot Gibbes de Saussure">Wilmot Gibbes de Saussure</a> (1822&#8211;1886), South Carolina militia general and South Carolina Secretary of the Treasury during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ravenel_Jr." title="Arthur Ravenel Jr.">Arthur Ravenel Jr.</a> (1927&#8211;2023), a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> who represented the First Congressional District of South Carolina from 1987 to 1995. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_William_de_Saussure&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWallace1969" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, David Duncan (1969) [1951]. <i>South Carolina: A Short History, 1520-1948</i>. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87249-079-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87249-079-6"><bdi>978-0-87249-079-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=South+Carolina%3A+A+Short+History%2C+1520-1948&amp;rft.place=Columbia%2C+SC&amp;rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87249-079-6&amp;rft.aulast=Wallace&amp;rft.aufirst=David+Duncan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+William+de+Saussure" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Rittenhouse" title="David Rittenhouse">David Rittenhouse</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> 2nd Director of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> </b><br />1795 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot" title="Elias Boudinot">Elias Boudinot</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_(18th_century_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edwards (18th century politician)">John Edwards</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> 9th Intendant (Mayor) of <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </b><br />1797–1799 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Roper_(mayor)" title="Thomas Roper (mayor)">Thomas Roper</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_William_de_Saussure&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/63952268">Henry William de Saussure</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Template:Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Mayors_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="List of mayors of Charleston, South Carolina">Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hutson" title="Richard Hutson">Hutson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoldus_Vanderhorst" title="Arnoldus Vanderhorst">Vanderhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Faucheraud_Grimk%C3%A9" title="John Faucheraud Grimké">Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawlins_Lowndes" title="Rawlins Lowndes">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(South_Carolina_mayor)" title="Thomas Jones (South Carolina mayor)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoldus_Vanderhorst" title="Arnoldus Vanderhorst">Vanderhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huger" title="John Huger">Huger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bee_Holmes" title="John Bee Holmes">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_(Charleston_politician)" title="John Edwards (Charleston politician)">Edwards</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">de Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Roper_(mayor)" title="Thomas Roper (mayor)">Roper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward_(South_Carolina_politician)" title="John Ward (South Carolina politician)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Deas_(South_Carolina_mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Deas (South Carolina mayor)">Deas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Drayton" title="John Drayton">Drayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Winstanley_(mayor)" title="Thomas Winstanley (mayor)">Winstanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cochran_(South_Carolina_politician)" title="Charles Cochran (South Carolina politician)">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dawson_Jr." title="John Dawson Jr.">Dawson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Boyd_(mayor)" title="Benjamin Boyd (mayor)">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rouse" title="William Rouse">Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._McCalla" title="Thomas H. McCalla">McCalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bennett_Jr." title="Thomas Bennett Jr.">Bennett Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rhett_Smith" title="Thomas Rhett Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Horry" title="Elias Horry">Horry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Geddes_(politician)" title="John Geddes (politician)">Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Stevens_(politician)" title="Daniel Stevens (politician)">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Horry" title="Elias Horry">Horry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton_Jr." title="James Hamilton Jr.">Hamilton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Geddes_(politician)" title="John Geddes (politician)">Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Prioleau" title="Samuel Prioleau">Prioleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Johnson_(South_Carolina_mayor)" title="Joseph Johnson (South Carolina mayor)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gadsden" title="John Gadsden">Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pinckney" title="Henry L. Pinckney">Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Pringle" title="James R. Pringle">Pringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pinckney" title="Henry L. Pinckney">Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._North" title="Edward W. North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pinckney" title="Henry L. Pinckney">Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_F._Mintzing" title="Jacob F. Mintzing">Mintzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schnierle" title="John Schnierle">Schnierle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Leger_Hutchinson" title="Thomas Leger Hutchinson">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schnierle" title="John Schnierle">Schnierle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Leger_Hutchinson" title="Thomas Leger Hutchinson">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Porcher_Miles" title="William Porcher Miles">Miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Macbeth" title="Charles Macbeth">Macbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Charles_Gaillard" title="Peter Charles Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Burns" title="William Wallace Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Cogswell" title="Milton Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Clark" title="George Washington Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Pillsbury" title="Gilbert Pillsbury">Pillsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Andreas_Wagener" title="Johann Andreas Wagener">Wagener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I._Cunningham" title="George I. Cunningham">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Sale" title="William W. Sale">Sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ashmead_Courtenay" title="William Ashmead Courtenay">Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Bryan" title="George D. Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Ficken" title="John F. Ficken">Ficken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Adger_Smyth" title="James Adger Smyth">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Goodwyn_Rhett" title="R. Goodwyn Rhett">Rhett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Grace" title="John P. Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristram_T._Hyde" title="Tristram T. Hyde">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Grace" title="John P. Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Porcher_Stoney" title="Thomas Porcher Stoney">Stoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Maybank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Whilden_Lockwood" title="Henry Whilden Lockwood">Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Edward_Wehman_Jr." title="E. Edward Wehman Jr.">Wehman Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McG._Morrison" title="William McG. Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Palmer_Gaillard_Jr." title="J. Palmer Gaillard Jr.">Gaillard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Schirmer_Jr." title="Arthur B. Schirmer Jr.">Schirmer Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr." title="Joseph P. Riley Jr.">Riley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tecklenburg" title="John Tecklenburg">Tecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Cogswell_Jr." title="William S. Cogswell Jr.">Cogswell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_of_the_United_States_Mint" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USMintDirectors" title="Template:USMintDirectors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USMintDirectors" title="Template talk:USMintDirectors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USMintDirectors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USMintDirectors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_of_the_United_States_Mint" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Mint" title="Director of the United States Mint">Directors of the United States Mint</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Rittenhouse" title="David Rittenhouse">Rittenhouse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">de Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot" title="Elias Boudinot">Boudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Patterson_(educator)" title="Robert Patterson (educator)">R. Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Moore_(congressman)" title="Samuel Moore (congressman)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maskell_Patterson" title="Robert Maskell Patterson">R. M. Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nicholas_Eckert" title="George Nicholas Eckert">Eckert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Pettit" title="Thomas M. Pettit">Pettit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_Snowden" title="James Ross Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pollock_(American_politician)" title="James Pollock (American politician)">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Millward" title="William Millward">Millward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Linderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pollock_(American_politician)" title="James Pollock (American politician)">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Linderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_C._Burchard" title="Horatio C. Burchard">Burchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Kimball" title="James P. Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Leech" title="Edward O. Leech">Leech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Preston" title="Robert E. Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Roberts" title="George E. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_A._Leach" title="Frank A. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Abram Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Roberts" title="George E. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Woolley" title="Robert W. Woolley">Woolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Johannes_Hugo_von_Engelken" title="Friedrich Johannes Hugo von Engelken">von Engelken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Baker" title="Raymond T. Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Edgar_Scobey" title="Frank Edgar Scobey">Scobey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Grant" title="Robert J. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross" title="Nellie Tayloe Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Brett" title="William H. Brett">Brett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Adams" title="Eva Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brooks" title="Mary Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_Hackel_Sims" title="Stella Hackel Sims">Hackel Sims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Pope" title="Donna Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Ryder" title="David J. Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_N._Diehl" title="Philip N. Diehl">Diehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_W._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay W. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_H._Fore" title="Henrietta H. Fore">Fore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_C._Moy" title="Edmund C. Moy">Moy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Ryder" title="David J. Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventris_Gibson" title="Ventris Gibson">Gibson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Treasury"><img alt="Seal of the United States Treasury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/50px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="246" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5730248#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5730248#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5730248#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85007269">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007389178405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/444410">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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