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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_bands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 First bands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_bands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Beatles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Beatles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 The Beatles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Beatles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Replacing_Best" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacing_Best"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Replacing Best </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacing_Best-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Worldwide success </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studio_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studio_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Studio years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studio_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solo_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solo_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Solo career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solo_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 1980s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.5 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.6 2020s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Artistry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Artistry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Artistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Influences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Drums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Vocals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Songwriting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Songwriting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Songwriting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Songwriting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Awards and honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Film career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ringo Starr</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 101 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" > 101 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="رينغو ستار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رينغو ستار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinqo_Star" title="Rinqo Star – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rinqo Star" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="رینقو استار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رینقو استار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="রিঙ্গো স্টার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিঙ্গো স্টার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рынга Стар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рынга Стар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рынга Стар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рынга Стар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ринго Стар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ринго Стар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81" title="Ρίνγκο Σταρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίνγκο Σταρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="رینگو استار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رینگو استار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%81%EA%B3%A0_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80" title="링고 스타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="링고 스타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8_%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ռինգո Սթար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռինգո Սթար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8" title="רינגו סטאר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רינגו סטאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="რინგო სტარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რინგო სტარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80" title="Ринго Старр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ринго Старр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_Starkey" title="Ricardus Starkey – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus Starkey" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_St%C4%81rs" title="Ringo Stārs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ringo Stārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ринго Стар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ринго Стар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="റിംഗോ സ്റ്റാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിംഗോ സ്റ്റാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="रिंगो स्टार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रिंगो स्टार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="رينجو ستار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رينجو ستار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="رینگو استار – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رینگو استار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80" title="Ринго Старр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ринго Старр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="リンゴ・スター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リンゴ・スター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80" title="Ринго Старр – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ринго Старр" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80" title="Ринго Старр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ринго Старр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%86_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ڕینگۆ ستار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕینگۆ ستار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ринго Стар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ринго Стар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ริงโก สตาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริงโก สตาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80" title="Рінго Старр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рінго Старр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ringo Starr" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="林戈·斯塔尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="林戈·斯塔尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%90_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8" title="רינגא סטאר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רינגא סטאר" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected to promote compliance with the policy on biographies of living persons"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English musician and member of the Beatles (born 1940)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ringo" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ringo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ringo (disambiguation)">Ringo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Richard Starkey" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Starke" title="Richard Starke">Richard Starke</a> or <a href="/wiki/Richard_Starkie" title="Richard Starkie">Richard Starkie</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">Ringo Starr</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">MBE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:ARTIST_INTERVIEW_-_Ringo_Starr_(Former_the_Beatles)_exclusive_interview_0-14_screenshot_(portrait_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of Starr doing a peace sign wearing sunglasses and a black T-shirt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ARTIST_INTERVIEW_-_Ringo_Starr_%28Former_the_Beatles%29_exclusive_interview_0-14_screenshot_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg/250px-ARTIST_INTERVIEW_-_Ringo_Starr_%28Former_the_Beatles%29_exclusive_interview_0-14_screenshot_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ARTIST_INTERVIEW_-_Ringo_Starr_%28Former_the_Beatles%29_exclusive_interview_0-14_screenshot_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg/330px-ARTIST_INTERVIEW_-_Ringo_Starr_%28Former_the_Beatles%29_exclusive_interview_0-14_screenshot_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ARTIST_INTERVIEW_-_Ringo_Starr_%28Former_the_Beatles%29_exclusive_interview_0-14_screenshot_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg/500px-ARTIST_INTERVIEW_-_Ringo_Starr_%28Former_the_Beatles%29_exclusive_interview_0-14_screenshot_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="830" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Starr in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Richard Starkey</div> (1940-07-07) 7 July 1940 (age 84) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Musician</li> <li>singer</li> <li>songwriter</li> <li>actor</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1957–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_discography" title="Ringo Starr discography">Discography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Ringo_Starr" title="List of songs recorded by Ringo Starr">songs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_filmography" title="Ringo Starr filmography">filmography</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Starkey_Tigrett" title="Maureen Starkey Tigrett">Maureen Cox</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1965; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1975)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bach" title="Barbara Bach">Barbara Bach</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1981)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Zak_Starkey" title="Zak Starkey">Zak Starkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Gregorini" title="Francesca Gregorini">Francesca Gregorini</a> (stepdaughter)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" />Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Drums</li><li>vocals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Records" title="Apple Records">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Records" title="Swan Records">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vee-Jay_Records" title="Vee-Jay Records">Vee-Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollie_Records" title="Tollie Records">Tollie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E1_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="E1 Music">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Music" title="Private Music">Private Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_Records" title="Boardwalk Records">Boardwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rykodisc" title="Rykodisc">Rykodisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-O_Records" title="Hip-O Records">Hip-O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band">Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Storm_%26_the_Hurricanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rory Storm & the Hurricanes">Rory Storm & the Hurricanes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Plastic Ono Band">Plastic Ono Band</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_31_Dec_2008_b00g4c59.flac" title="File:Ringo Starr BBC Radio4 Front Row 31 Dec 2008 b00g4c59.flac">Ringo Starr's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="Ringo_Starr_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_31_Dec_2008_b00g4c59.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Ringo_Starr_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_31_Dec_2008_b00g4c59.flac/Ringo_Starr_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_31_Dec_2008_b00g4c59.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Ringo_Starr_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_31_Dec_2008_b00g4c59.flac/Ringo_Starr_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_31_Dec_2008_b00g4c59.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Ringo_Starr_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_31_Dec_2008_b00g4c59.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">from the BBC programme <a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(radio_programme)" title="Front Row (radio programme)">Front Row</a>, 31 December 2008<a href="#cite_note-BBC-b00g4c59-1">[1]</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://RingoStarr.com">ringostarr.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ringo_Starr_signature.svg/150px-Ringo_Starr_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ringo_Starr_signature.svg/225px-Ringo_Starr_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ringo_Starr_signature.svg/300px-Ringo_Starr_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="228" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Sir Richard Starkey (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, songwriter and actor who achieved international fame as the drummer for <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>. Starr occasionally sang lead vocals with the group, usually for one song on each album, including "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(song)" title="Yellow Submarine (song)">Yellow Submarine</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/With_a_Little_Help_from_My_Friends" title="With a Little Help from My Friends">With a Little Help from My Friends</a>". He also wrote and sang the Beatles songs "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Pass_Me_By" title="Don't Pass Me By">Don't Pass Me By</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Octopus%27s_Garden" title="Octopus's Garden">Octopus's Garden</a>", and is credited as a co-writer of four others. Starr was afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, with periods of prolonged hospitalisation. As a teenager Starr became interested in the UK <a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> craze and developed a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he co-founded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, which earned several prestigious local bookings before the fad succumbed to American <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> around early 1958. When the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> group, <a href="/wiki/Rory_Storm#Rory_Storm_and_the_Hurricanes" title="Rory Storm">Rory Storm and the Hurricanes</a>. After achieving moderate success in the UK and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, he quit the Hurricanes when he was asked to join the Beatles in August 1962, replacing <a href="/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a>. In addition to <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_film" title="The Beatles in film">the Beatles' films</a>, Starr has acted in numerous others. After the <a href="/wiki/Break-up_of_the_Beatles" title="Break-up of the Beatles">Beatles disbanded</a>, he released several successful singles including the US top-ten hit "<a href="/wiki/It_Don%27t_Come_Easy" title="It Don't Come Easy">It Don't Come Easy</a>", and number ones "<a href="/wiki/Photograph_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Photograph (Ringo Starr song)">Photograph</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Sixteen" title="You're Sixteen">You're Sixteen</a>". His most successful UK single was "<a href="/wiki/Back_Off_Boogaloo" title="Back Off Boogaloo">Back Off Boogaloo</a>", which peaked at number two. He achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album <a href="/wiki/Ringo_(album)" title="Ringo (album)">Ringo</a>, which was a top-ten release in both the UK and the US. Starr has also featured in numerous documentaries, hosted television shows, narrated the first two series of the children's television programme <a href="/wiki/Thomas_%26_Friends" title="Thomas & Friends">Thomas & Friends</a> and portrayed "Mr. Conductor" during the first season of the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> children's television series <a href="/wiki/Shining_Time_Station" title="Shining Time Station">Shining Time Station</a>. Since 1989, he has toured with thirteen variations of <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band">Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band</a>. Starr's playing style, which emphasised feel over technical virtuosity, influenced many drummers to reconsider their playing from a compositional perspective. He also influenced various modern drumming techniques, such as the <a href="/wiki/Matched_grip" class="mw-redirect" title="Matched grip">matched grip</a>, tuning the drums lower, and using muffling devices on tonal rings.<a href="#cite_note-PAS-2">[2]</a> In his opinion, his finest recorded performance was on the Beatles' "<a href="/wiki/Rain_(Beatles_song)" title="Rain (Beatles song)">Rain</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997280-3">[3]</a> In 1999, he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Drummer" title="Modern Drummer">Modern Drummer</a> Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> readers named him the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. He was inducted twice into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>, as a Beatle in 1988 and as a solo artist in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Year_Honours" title="2018 New Year Honours">2018 New Year Honours</a> for services to music.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_Madryn_Street,_Liverpool_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photo of a red-bricked house with boarded up windows and doors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/9_Madryn_Street%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg/250px-9_Madryn_Street%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/9_Madryn_Street%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg/330px-9_Madryn_Street%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/9_Madryn_Street%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg/500px-9_Madryn_Street%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5055" data-file-height="3364" /></a><figcaption>Starr's birthplace in Madryn Street, <a href="/wiki/Dingle,_Liverpool" title="Dingle, Liverpool">Dingle, Liverpool</a>, in May 2013</figcaption></figure> Richard Starkey<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> was born on 7 July 1940 at 9 Madryn Street in <a href="/wiki/Dingle,_Liverpool" title="Dingle, Liverpool">Dingle</a>, an inner-city area of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>. He is the only child of <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectioners</a> Richard Starkey (1 October 1913 – 5 December 1981) and Elsie Gleave (19 October 1914 – 1 January 1987).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing, a hobby that she shared with her husband, an avid fan of <a href="/wiki/Swing_(dance)" title="Swing (dance)">swing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332–333-9">[9]</a> Prior to the birth of their son, whom they called "Ritchie", the couple had spent much of their free time on the local ballroom circuit, but their regular outings ended soon after his birth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005333–334-10">[10]</a> Elsie adopted an overprotective approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation. Subsequently, "Big Ritchie", as Starkey's father became known, lost interest in his family, choosing instead to spend long hours drinking and dancing in pubs, sometimes for several consecutive days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005333–334-10">[10]</a> In an effort to reduce their housing costs, his family moved in 1944 to another neighbourhood in the Dingle, <a href="/wiki/10_Admiral_Grove" title="10 Admiral Grove">Admiral Grove</a>; soon afterwards his parents separated, and they divorced within the year.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Starkey later stated that he has "no real memories" of his father, who made little effort to bond with him, visiting as few as three times thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Elsie found it difficult to survive on her ex-husband's support payments of thirty <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shillings</a> a week, so she took on several menial jobs cleaning houses before securing a position as a barmaid, an occupation that she held for twelve years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005334–335-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr%27s_Home_Admiral_Grove_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photo of a white and pink cladded house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ringo_Starr%27s_Home_Admiral_Grove_10.jpg/250px-Ringo_Starr%27s_Home_Admiral_Grove_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ringo_Starr%27s_Home_Admiral_Grove_10.jpg/330px-Ringo_Starr%27s_Home_Admiral_Grove_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ringo_Starr%27s_Home_Admiral_Grove_10.jpg/500px-Ringo_Starr%27s_Home_Admiral_Grove_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>Starr's childhood residence at <a href="/wiki/10_Admiral_Grove" title="10 Admiral Grove">10 Admiral Grove</a>, Dingle, Liverpool, in 2010</figcaption></figure> At the age of six, Starkey developed <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a>. Following a routine <a href="/wiki/Appendectomy" title="Appendectomy">appendectomy</a> he contracted <a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">peritonitis</a>, causing him to fall into a coma that lasted days.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> His recovery spanned twelve months, which he spent away from his family at Liverpool's Myrtle Street children's hospital.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Upon his discharge in May 1948, his mother allowed him to stay at home, causing him to miss school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005337-16">[16]</a> At age eight, he remained illiterate, with a poor grasp of mathematics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005337-16">[16]</a> His lack of education contributed to a feeling of alienation at school, which resulted in his regularly playing truant at <a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park" title="Sefton Park">Sefton Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> After several years of twice-weekly tutoring from his surrogate sister and neighbour, Marie Maguire Crawford, Starkey had nearly caught up to his peers academically, but in 1953, he contracted <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and was admitted to a <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a>, where he remained for two years.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> During his stay the medical staff made an effort to stimulate motor activity and relieve boredom by encouraging their patients to join the hospital band, leading to his first exposure to a percussion instrument: a makeshift <a href="/wiki/Percussion_mallet" title="Percussion mallet">mallet</a> made from a cotton <a href="/wiki/Bobbin" title="Bobbin">bobbin</a> that he used to strike the cabinets next to his bed.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Soon afterwards, he grew increasingly interested in drumming, receiving a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Alyn_Ainsworth" title="Alyn Ainsworth">Alyn Ainsworth</a> song "Bedtime for Drums" as a convalescence gift from Crawford.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005339-20">[20]</a> Starkey commented: "I was in the hospital band ... That's where I really started playing. I never wanted anything else from there on ... My grandparents gave me a mandolin and a banjo, but I didn't want them. My grandfather gave me a harmonica ... we had a piano – nothing. Only the drums."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200036-21">[21]</a> Starkey attended St Silas, a <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> primary school near his house where his classmates nicknamed him "<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a>", and later <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Leadership_Academy_Liverpool" title="King's Leadership Academy Liverpool">Dingle Vale</a> <a href="/wiki/Secondary_modern_school" title="Secondary modern school">Secondary modern school</a>, where he showed an aptitude for art and drama, as well as practical subjects including mechanics.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> As a result of the prolonged hospitalisations, he fell behind his peers scholastically and was ineligible for the <a href="/wiki/Eleven_plus_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleven plus exam">11-plus</a> qualifying examination required for attendance at a <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200523-23">[23]</a> After the extended hospital stay following Starkey's recovery from tuberculosis, he did not return to school, preferring instead to stay at home and listen to music while playing along by beating biscuit tins with sticks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005336–339-24">[24]</a> On 17 April 1954, Starkey's mother married Harry Graves at the register office on Mount Pleasant, Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn201370-25">[25]</a> He was an ex-Londoner who had moved to Liverpool following the failure of his first marriage. Graves, an impassioned fan of <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> music and their vocalists, introduced Starkey to recordings by <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Daniels" title="Billy Daniels">Billy Daniels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005340-26">[26]</a> Graves stated that he and "Ritchie" never had an unpleasant exchange between them; Starkey later commented: "He was great ... I learned gentleness from Harry."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009146-27">[27]</a> Beatles biographer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Spitz" title="Bob Spitz">Bob Spitz</a> described Starkey's upbringing as "a <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickensian</a> chronicle of misfortune".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332-28">[28]</a> Houses in the area were "poorly ventilated, postage-stamp-sized ... patched together by crumbling plaster walls, with a rear door that opened onto an outhouse."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332-28">[28]</a> Crawford commented: "Like all of the families who lived in the Dingle, he was part of an ongoing struggle to survive."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332-28">[28]</a> The children who lived there spent much of their time at <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Park,_Liverpool" title="Prince's Park, Liverpool">Prince's Park</a>, escaping the soot-filled air of their coal-fuelled neighbourhood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332-28">[28]</a> Adding to their difficult circumstances, violent crime was an almost constant concern for people living in one of the oldest and poorest inner-city districts in Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Starkey later commented: "You kept your head down, your eyes open, and you didn't get in anybody's way."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005335-30">[30]</a> After his return home from the sanatorium in late 1955, Starkey entered the workforce but was lacking in motivation and discipline; his initial attempts at gainful employment proved unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In an effort to secure himself some warm clothes, he briefly held a railway worker's job with <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a>, which came with an employer-issued suit. He was supplied with a hat but no uniform and, unable to pass the physical examination, he was laid off and granted <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">unemployment benefits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> He then found work as a waiter serving drinks on a day boat that travelled from Liverpool to North Wales, but his fear of conscription into military service led him to quit the job, not wanting to give the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> the impression that he was suitable for seafaring work.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In mid-1956, Graves secured Starkey a position as an apprentice machinist at Henry Hunt and Son, a Liverpool school equipment manufacturer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr2015Chapter_2-34">[34]</a> While working at the facility Starkey befriended Roy Trafford, and the two bonded over their shared interest in music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341-35">[35]</a> Trafford introduced Starkey to <a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a>, and he quickly became a fervent admirer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_bands">First bands</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rory_Storm" title="Rory Storm">Rory Storm</a></div> Soon after Trafford piqued Starkey's interest in skiffle, the two began rehearsing songs in the manufacturing plant's cellar during their lunch breaks. Trafford recalled: "I played a guitar, and [Ritchie] just made a noise on a box ... Sometimes, he just slapped a biscuit tin with some keys, or banged on the backs of chairs."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341-35">[35]</a> The pair were joined by Starkey's neighbour and co-worker, the guitarist Eddie Miles, forming the Eddie Miles Band, later renamed Eddie Clayton and the Clayton Squares after <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Square_Shopping_Centre" title="Clayton Square Shopping Centre">a Liverpool landmark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341–342-36">[36]</a> The band performed popular skiffle songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_Line_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Island Line (song)">Rock Island Line</a>" and "Walking Cane", with Starkey raking a <a href="/wiki/Thimble" title="Thimble">thimble</a> across a <a href="/wiki/Washboard_(musical_instrument)" title="Washboard (musical instrument)">washboard</a>, creating primitive, driving rhythms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005342-37">[37]</a> Starkey enjoyed dancing as his parents had years earlier, and he and Trafford briefly took dance lessons at two schools. Though the lessons were short-lived, they provided Starkey and Trafford with an introduction that allowed them to dance competently while enjoying nights out on the town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005342-37">[37]</a> On Christmas Day 1957, Graves gave Starkey a second-hand drum kit consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a> and a makeshift <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbal</a> fashioned from a <a href="/wiki/Waste_container" title="Waste container">rubbish bin</a> lid. Although basic and crude, the kit facilitated his progression as a musician while increasing the commercial potential of the Eddie Clayton band, who went on to book prestigious local gigs before the skiffle craze faded in early 1958 as American <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> became popular in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In November 1959, Starkey joined <a href="/wiki/Rory_Storm" title="Rory Storm">Al Caldwell</a>'s Texans, a skiffle group who were looking for someone with a proper drum kit so that the group could transition from one of Liverpool's best-known skiffle acts to a full-fledged rock and roll band.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[nb 1]</a> They had begun playing local clubs as the Raging Texans, then Jet Storm and the Raging Texans before settling on Rory Storm and the Hurricanes shortly before recruiting Starkey.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> About this time he adopted the stage name Ringo Starr; derived from the rings he wore and also because it implied a country and western influence. His singing solos were billed as Starr Time.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> By early 1960, the Hurricanes had become one of Liverpool's leading bands.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In May, they were offered a three-month residency at a <a href="/wiki/Butlins" class="mw-redirect" title="Butlins">Butlins</a> holiday camp in Wales.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199258-45">[44]</a> Although initially reluctant to accept the residency and end his five-year machinist apprenticeship that he had begun four years earlier, Starr eventually agreed to the arrangement.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The Butlins gig led to other opportunities for the band, including an unpleasant tour of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> bases in France about which Starr commented: "The French don't like the British; at least I didn't like them."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009150-47">[46]</a> The Hurricanes became so successful that when initially offered a highly coveted residency in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, they turned it down because of their prior commitment with Butlins.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> They eventually accepted, joining <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Koschmider" title="Bruno Koschmider">Bruno Koschmider</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kaiserkeller" title="Kaiserkeller">Kaiserkeller</a> on 1 October 1960, where Starr first met the band.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Storm's Hurricanes were given top-billing over the Beatles, who also received less pay.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Starr performed with the Beatles during a few stand-in engagements while in Hamburg. On 15 October 1960, he drummed with <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, recording with them for the first time while backing Hurricanes singer Lu Walters on the song "<a href="/wiki/Summertime_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Summertime (George Gershwin song)">Summertime</a>".<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[nb 2]</a> During Starr's first stay in Hamburg he also met <a href="/wiki/Tony_Sheridan" title="Tony Sheridan">Tony Sheridan</a>, who valued his drumming abilities to the point of asking Starr to leave the Hurricanes and join his band.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Beatles">The Beatles</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Replacing_Best">Replacing Best</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr_drumming.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ringo_Starr_drumming.jpg/250px-Ringo_Starr_drumming.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ringo_Starr_drumming.jpg/330px-Ringo_Starr_drumming.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ringo_Starr_drumming.jpg/500px-Ringo_Starr_drumming.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Starr performing with <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> in 1964</figcaption></figure> Starr quit Rory Storm and the Hurricanes in January 1962 and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg before returning to the Hurricanes for a third season at Butlins.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[nb 3]</a> On 14 August, Starr accepted Lennon's invitation to join the Beatles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259-58">[55]</a> On 16 August, Beatles manager <a href="/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a> fired their drummer, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a>, who recalled: "He said 'I've got some bad news for you. The boys want you out and Ringo in.' He said [Beatles producer] <a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a> wasn't too pleased with my playing [and] the boys thought I didn't fit in."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009137-59">[56]</a> Starr first performed as a member of the Beatles on 18 August 1962, at a <a href="/wiki/Horticultural_society" title="Horticultural society">horticultural society</a> dance at <a href="/wiki/Port_Sunlight" title="Port Sunlight">Port Sunlight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> After his appearance at the <a href="/wiki/The_Cavern_Club" title="The Cavern Club">Cavern Club</a> the following day, Best fans, upset by his firing, held vigils outside his house and at the club shouting "Pete forever! Ringo never!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004110-56">[54]</a> Harrison received a black eye from one upset fan, and Epstein, whose car tyres they had flattened in anger, temporarily hired a bodyguard.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> Starr's first recording session as a member of the Beatles took place on 4 September 1962.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259-58">[55]</a> He stated that Martin had thought that he "was crazy and couldn't play ... because I was trying to play the percussion and the drums at the same time, we were just a four-piece band".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett2001126-62">[59]</a> For their second recording session with Starr, on 11 September 1962, Martin replaced him with session drummer <a href="/wiki/Andy_White_(drummer)" title="Andy White (drummer)">Andy White</a> while recording takes for what would be the <a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">two sides</a> of the Beatles' first single, "<a href="/wiki/Love_Me_Do" title="Love Me Do">Love Me Do</a>", backed with "<a href="/wiki/P.S._I_Love_You_(Beatles_song)" title="P.S. I Love You (Beatles song)">P.S. I Love You</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004367–368-63">[60]</a> Starr played tambourine on "Love Me Do" and maracas on "P.S. I Love You".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> Concerned about his status in the Beatles, he thought: "That's the end, they're doing a Pete Best on me."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009163-65">[62]</a> Martin later clarified: "I simply didn't know what Ringo was like and I wasn't prepared to take any risks."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200596-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[nb 4]</a> By November 1962, Starr had been accepted by Beatles fans, who were now calling for him to sing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200589,_147-68">[64]</a> He began receiving an amount of <a href="/wiki/Fan_mail" title="Fan mail">fan mail</a> equal to that of the others, which helped to secure his position within the band.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005105-69">[65]</a> Starr considered himself fortunate to be on the same "wavelength" as the other Beatles: "I had to be, or I wouldn't have lasted. I had to join them as people as well as a drummer."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200594-70">[66]</a> He was given a small percentage of Lennon and McCartney's publishing company, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Songs" title="Northern Songs">Northern Songs</a>, but derived his primary income during this period from a one-quarter share of Beatles Ltd, a corporation financed by the band's net concert earnings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005105-69">[65]</a> He commented on the nature of his lifestyle after having achieved success with the Beatles: "I lived in nightclubs for three years. It used to be a non-stop party."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005112-71">[67]</a> Like his father, Starr became well known for his late-night dancing and he received praise for his skills.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005112-71">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Worldwide_success">Worldwide success</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr_NY_1964.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ringo_Starr_NY_1964.png/170px-Ringo_Starr_NY_1964.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ringo_Starr_NY_1964.png/255px-Ringo_Starr_NY_1964.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ringo_Starr_NY_1964.png/340px-Ringo_Starr_NY_1964.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>Starr at New York City's <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> on 7 February 1964</figcaption></figure> During 1963, the Beatles enjoyed increasing popularity in Britain. In January, their second single, "<a href="/wiki/Please_Please_Me_(song)" title="Please Please Me (song)">Please Please Me</a>", followed "Love Me Do" into the UK charts and a successful television appearance on <a href="/wiki/Thank_Your_Lucky_Stars_(TV_series)" title="Thank Your Lucky Stars (TV series)">Thank Your Lucky Stars</a> earned favourable reviews, leading to a boost in sales and radio play.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199288-72">[68]</a> By the end of the year, the phenomenon known as <a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a> had spread throughout the country, and by February 1964 the Beatles had become an international success when they performed in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a> to a record 73 million viewers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199293,_136–137-73">[69]</a> Starr commented: "In the States I know I went over well. It knocked me out to see and hear the kids waving for me. I'd made it as a personality ... Our appeal ... is that we're ordinary lads."<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> He was a source of inspiration for several songs written at the time, including <a href="/wiki/Penny_Valentine" title="Penny Valentine">Penny Valentine</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Kiss_Ringo_Goodbye" title="I Want to Kiss Ringo Goodbye">I Want to Kiss Ringo Goodbye</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris">Rolf Harris</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Ringo_for_President" title="Ringo for President">Ringo for President</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005122-75">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> released her first single, "<a href="/wiki/Ringo,_I_Love_You" title="Ringo, I Love You">Ringo, I Love You</a>" in 1964 under the pseudonym Bonnie Joe Mason. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr_circa_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ringo_Starr_circa_1965.jpg/250px-Ringo_Starr_circa_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ringo_Starr_circa_1965.jpg/330px-Ringo_Starr_circa_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ringo_Starr_circa_1965.jpg/500px-Ringo_Starr_circa_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Starr (far left) in 1965</figcaption></figure> In 1964, "I love Ringo" lapel pins were the bestselling Beatles merchandise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005122-75">[71]</a> The prominent placing of the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Drums" title="Ludwig Drums">Ludwig</a> logo on the bass drum of his American import drum kit gave the company such a burst of publicity that it became the dominant drum manufacturer in North America for the next twenty years.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> During live performances, the Beatles continued the "Starr Time" routine that had been popular among his fans: Lennon would place a microphone in front of Starr's kit in preparation for his spotlight moment and audiences would erupt in screams.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005123-77">[73]</a> When the Beatles made their film debut in <a href="/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_(film)" title="A Hard Day's Night (film)">A Hard Day's Night</a>, Starr garnered praise from critics, who considered his delivery of deadpan one-liners and his non-speaking scenes highlights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005124–125-78">[74]</a> The extended non-speaking sequences had to be arranged by director <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a> because of Starr's lack of sleep the previous night; Starr commented: "Because I'd been drinking all night I was incapable of saying a line."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125-79">[75]</a> Epstein attributed Starr's acclaim to "the little man's quaintness".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005124-80">[76]</a> After the release of the Beatles' second feature film, <a href="/wiki/Help!_(film)" title="Help! (film)">Help!</a> (1965), Starr won a <a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a> poll against his fellow Beatles for his performance as the central character in the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005148-81">[77]</a> During an interview with <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> in 1964, Lennon explained that Starr had filled in with the Beatles when Best was ill; Starr replied: "[Best] took little pills to make him ill".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005128-82">[78]</a> Soon after, Best filed a <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> suit against him that lasted four years before the court reached an undisclosed settlement in Best's favour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005127–128-83">[79]</a> In June, the Beatles were scheduled to begin their <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_world_tour" title="The Beatles' 1964 world tour">world tour</a> of Denmark, the Netherlands, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Before the start of the tour,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992160–161-84">[80]</a> Starr was stricken with a high-grade fever, <a href="/wiki/Pharyngitis" title="Pharyngitis">pharyngitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonsillitis" title="Tonsillitis">tonsillitis</a>, and briefly stayed in a local hospital, followed by several days of recuperation at home.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005128–130-85">[81]</a> He was temporarily replaced for five concerts by 24-year-old session drummer <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Nicol" title="Jimmie Nicol">Jimmie Nicol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabiuk2002132-86">[82]</a> Starr was discharged from the hospital and rejoined the band in Melbourne on 15 June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992160–163-87">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[nb 5]</a> He later said that he feared he would be permanently replaced during his illness.<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> In August, the Beatles were introduced to American songwriter <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, who offered the group <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a> cigarettes. Starr was the first to try one but the others were hesitant.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> On 11 February 1965, Starr married <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Starkey_Tigrett" title="Maureen Starkey Tigrett">Maureen Cox</a>, whom he had met in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004333–334-93">[88]</a> By this time the stress and pressure of Beatlemania had reached a peak for him. He received a telephoned death threat before a show in Montreal, and resorted to positioning his cymbals vertically in an attempt to defend against would-be assassins. The constant pressure affected the Beatles' performances; Starr commented: "We were turning into such bad musicians ... there was no groove to it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005139–140-94">[89]</a> He was also feeling increasingly isolated from the musical activities of his bandmates, who were moving past the traditional boundaries of rock music into territory that often did not require his accompaniment; during recording sessions he spent hours playing cards with their road manager <a href="/wiki/Neil_Aspinall" title="Neil Aspinall">Neil Aspinall</a> and road manager <a href="/wiki/Mal_Evans" title="Mal Evans">Mal Evans</a> while the other Beatles perfected tracks without him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005147-95">[90]</a> In a letter published in Melody Maker, a fan asked the Beatles to let Starr sing more; he replied: "[I am] quite happy with my one little track on each album".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005147-95">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Studio_years">Studio years</h4></div> In August 1966, the Beatles released <a href="/wiki/Revolver_(Beatles_album)" title="Revolver (Beatles album)">Revolver</a>, their seventh UK LP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992350-96">[91]</a> It included the song "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(song)" title="Yellow Submarine (song)">Yellow Submarine</a>", their only British number-one single with Starr as the lead singer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005159-97">[92]</a> Later that month, owing to the increasing pressures of touring, the Beatles gave their final concert, a 30-minute performance at San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a> Starr commented: "We gave up touring at the right time. Four years of Beatlemania were enough for anyone."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005152-99">[94]</a> By December he had moved to a larger estate called Sunny Heights, 3 acres (1.2 ha) in size, at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hill" title="St George's Hill">St George's Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Weybridge" title="Weybridge">Weybridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, near to Lennon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005142–144-100">[95]</a> Although he had equipped the house with many luxury items, including numerous televisions, light machines, film projectors, stereo equipment, a <a href="/wiki/Billiard_table" title="Billiard table">billiard table</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">go-kart</a> track and a bar named the Flying Cow, he did not include a drum kit; he explained: "When we don't record, I don't play."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005143–144-101">[96]</a> For the Beatles' seminal 1967 album, <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a>, Starr sang lead vocals on the <a href="/wiki/Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney" title="Lennon–McCartney">Lennon–McCartney</a> composition "<a href="/wiki/With_a_Little_Help_from_My_Friends" title="With a Little Help from My Friends">With a Little Help from My Friends</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005159–161,_179-102">[97]</a> Although the Beatles had enjoyed widespread commercial and critical success with Sgt. Pepper, the long hours they spent recording the LP contributed to Starr's increased feeling of alienation within the band; he commented: "[It] wasn't our best album. That was the peak for everyone else, but for me it was a bit like being a session musician ... They more or less direct me in the style I can play."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005160–161-103">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[nb 6]</a> His inability to compose new material led to his input being minimised during recording sessions; he often found himself relegated to adding minor percussion effects to songs by McCartney, Lennon and Harrison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005161–162-106">[100]</a> During his downtime, Starr worked on his guitar playing, and said: "I jump into chords that no one seems to get into. Most of the stuff I write is twelve-bar".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005161-107">[101]</a> Epstein's death in August 1967 left the Beatles without management; Starr remarked: "[It was] a strange time for us, when it's someone who we've relied on in the business, where we never got involved."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005166-108">[102]</a> Soon afterwards, the band began an ill-fated film project, <a href="/wiki/Magical_Mystery_Tour_(film)" title="Magical Mystery Tour (film)">Magical Mystery Tour</a>. Starr's growing interest in photography led to his billing as the movie's Director of Photography, and his participation in the film's editing was matched only by that of McCartney.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005166–168-109">[103]</a> In February 1968, Starr became the first Beatle to sing on another artist's show without the others. He sang the <a href="/wiki/Buck_Owens" title="Buck Owens">Buck Owens</a> hit "<a href="/wiki/Act_Naturally" title="Act Naturally">Act Naturally</a>", and performed a duet with <a href="/wiki/Cilla_Black" title="Cilla Black">Cilla Black</a>, "Do You Like Me Just a Little Bit?" on her <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> television programme, Cilla.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005175–176-110">[104]</a> In November 1968, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Records" title="Apple Records">Apple Records</a> released <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_(album)" title="The Beatles (album)">The Beatles</a>, commonly known as the "White Album".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2007510-111">[105]</a> The album was partly inspired by the band's recent interactions with the <a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000705–706-112">[106]</a> While attending the Maharishi's intermediate course at his <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a>, India, they enjoyed one of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_India" title="The Beatles in India">their most prolific writing periods</a>, composing most of the album there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000108–109-113">[107]</a> It was here that Starr completed his first recorded Beatles song, "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Pass_Me_By" title="Don't Pass Me By">Don't Pass Me By</a>",<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> but he left after 10 days and later compared his time there to a stay at <a href="/wiki/Butlin%27s" title="Butlin's">Butlin's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2007463–468-115">[109]</a> The long-lasting health problems that began in his childhood had an impact on his time in India, causing him to experience allergies and sensitivities to the local food; when the band travelled there, he resorted to taking his own food with him.<a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a> Relations within the Beatles deteriorated during the recording of the White Album,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992283–304-117">[111]</a> and there were occasions where only one or two members were involved in the recording of a track.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005182–184-118">[112]</a> Starr had become tired of McCartney's increasingly overbearing approach, Lennon's <a href="/wiki/Passive-aggressive_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive-aggressive behaviour">passive-aggressive behaviour</a>, and the near-constant presence of Lennon's wife <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005182–184-118">[112]</a> After one particularly difficult session which included McCartney harshly criticising his drumming, Starr briefly quit the Beatles and went on holiday to <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, where he and his family stayed on a boat loaned to them by actor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> During a lunch there, the chef served octopus and Starr refused to eat it; an ensuing conversation with the ship's captain about the animal inspired Starr's song "<a href="/wiki/Octopus%27s_Garden" title="Octopus's Garden">Octopus's Garden</a>" from the Beatles' album <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road" title="Abbey Road">Abbey Road</a>, which he wrote using a guitar during the trip.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> Two weeks later,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992295–296-121">[115]</a> he returned to the studio to find that Harrison had covered his drum kit in flowers as a welcome-back gesture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000312-122">[116]</a> Despite a temporary return to friendly interactions during the completion of the White Album, production of the Beatles' fourth feature film <a href="/wiki/Let_It_Be_(1970_film)" title="Let It Be (1970 film)">Let It Be</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Let_It_Be_(album)" title="Let It Be (album)">accompanying album</a> further strained band relationships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005189–192-123">[117]</a> On 20 August 1969, the Beatles gathered for the final time at <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a> for a mixing session for "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_You_(She%27s_So_Heavy)" title="I Want You (She's So Heavy)">I Want You</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992331-124">[118]</a> At a business meeting exactly one month later, Lennon told the others that he was leaving the band, effective immediately.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman2008622–624-125">[119]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Break-up_of_the_Beatles" title="Break-up of the Beatles">the band's break-up</a> would not become public knowledge until McCartney's announcement on 10 April 1970 that he was also leaving.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992341,_349-126">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solo_career">Solo career</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1970s">1970s</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Last_Waltz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white photo of about a dozen musicians performing on a stage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Last_Waltz.jpg/250px-The_Last_Waltz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Last_Waltz.jpg/330px-The_Last_Waltz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Last_Waltz.jpg/500px-The_Last_Waltz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Starr (rear centre) drumming with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">the Band</a> in November 1976, from the concert film <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Waltz" title="The Last Waltz">The Last Waltz</a></figcaption></figure> Shortly before McCartney announced his exit from the Beatles in April 1970, he and Starr had a falling out due to McCartney's refusal to cede the release date of his <a href="/wiki/McCartney_(album)" title="McCartney (album)">eponymous solo album</a> to allow for Starr's debut, <a href="/wiki/Sentimental_Journey_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Sentimental Journey (Ringo Starr album)">Sentimental Journey</a>, and the Beatles' Let It Be.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009120–22,_133-127">[121]</a> Starr's album – composed of renditions of pre-rock standards that included musical arrangements by <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gibb" title="Maurice Gibb">Maurice Gibb</a>, George Martin and McCartney – peaked at number seven in the UK and number 22 in the US.<a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> Starr followed Sentimental Journey with the country-inspired <a href="/wiki/Beaucoups_of_Blues" title="Beaucoups of Blues">Beaucoups of Blues</a>, engineered by <a href="/wiki/Scotty_Moore" title="Scotty Moore">Scotty Moore</a> and featuring renowned <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a> session musician <a href="/wiki/Pete_Drake" title="Pete Drake">Pete Drake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004311–12-129">[123]</a> Despite favourable reviews, the album was a commercial failure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham2009139-130">[124]</a> Starr subsequently combined his musical activities with developing a career as a <a href="#Film_career">film actor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham2009139–40-131">[125]</a> Starr played drums on Lennon's <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band">John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band</a> (1970), Ono's <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band">Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band</a> (1970), and on Harrison's albums <a href="/wiki/All_Things_Must_Pass" title="All Things Must Pass">All Things Must Pass</a> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Living_in_the_Material_World" title="Living in the Material World">Living in the Material World</a> (1973) and <a href="/wiki/Dark_Horse_(George_Harrison_album)" title="Dark Horse (George Harrison album)">Dark Horse</a> (1974).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpizer200534,_222,_254,_264,_343-132">[126]</a> In 1971, Starr participated in <a href="/wiki/The_Concert_for_Bangladesh" title="The Concert for Bangladesh">the Concert for Bangladesh</a>, organised by Harrison, and with him co-wrote the hit single "<a href="/wiki/It_Don%27t_Come_Easy" title="It Don't Come Easy">It Don't Come Easy</a>", which reached number four in both the US and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> The following year he released his most successful UK hit, "<a href="/wiki/Back_Off_Boogaloo" title="Back Off Boogaloo">Back Off Boogaloo</a>" (again produced and co-written by Harrison), which peaked at number two (US number nine).<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a> Having become friends with the English singer <a href="/wiki/Marc_Bolan" title="Marc Bolan">Marc Bolan</a>, Starr made his directorial debut with the 1972 <a href="/wiki/T._Rex_(band)" title="T. Rex (band)">T. Rex</a> documentary <a href="/wiki/Born_to_Boogie" title="Born to Boogie">Born to Boogie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200491–93-135">[129]</a> In 1973 and 1974, Starr had two number one hits in the US: "<a href="/wiki/Photograph_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Photograph (Ringo Starr song)">Photograph</a>", a UK number eight hit co-written with Harrison, and "<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Sixteen" title="You're Sixteen">You're Sixteen</a>", written by the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Brothers" title="Sherman Brothers">Sherman Brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a> Starr's third million-selling single in the US, "You're Sixteen" was released in the UK in February 1974 where it peaked at number four.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004372-137">[131]</a> Both tracks appeared on Starr's debut rock album, <a href="/wiki/Ringo_(album)" title="Ringo (album)">Ringo</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Perry" title="Richard Perry">Richard Perry</a> and featuring further contributions from Harrison as well as a song each from Lennon and McCartney.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004281–282-138">[132]</a> A commercial and critical success, the LP also included "<a href="/wiki/Oh_My_My_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Oh My My (Ringo Starr song)">Oh My My</a>", a US number five.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004260:_"Oh_My_My"-139">[133]</a> The album reached number seven in the UK and number two in the US.<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> Author <a href="/wiki/Peter_Doggett" title="Peter Doggett">Peter Doggett</a> describes Ringo as a template for Starr's solo career, saying that, as a musician first rather than a songwriter, "he would rely on his friends and his charm, and if both were on tap, then the results were usually appealing".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009207–08-141">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Goodnight_Vienna" title="Goodnight Vienna">Goodnight Vienna</a> followed in 1974 and was also successful, reaching number eight in the US and number 30 in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> Featuring contributions from Lennon, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Nilsson" title="Harry Nilsson">Harry Nilsson</a>, the album included a cover (suggested by Lennon) of <a href="/wiki/The_Platters" title="The Platters">the Platters</a>' 1954 hit "<a href="/wiki/Only_You_(And_You_Alone)" title="Only You (And You Alone)">Only You (And You Alone)</a>", which peaked at number six in the US and number 28 in the UK, and <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Axton" title="Hoyt Axton">Hoyt Axton</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/No_No_Song" title="No No Song">No No Song</a>", which was a US number three and Starr's seventh consecutive top-ten hit.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> The Elton John-written "<a href="/wiki/Snookeroo" title="Snookeroo">Snookeroo</a>" failed to chart in the UK, however.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000508-144">[138]</a> In mid-November 1974, a music video for the song and promotional film for the album was filmed on the rooftop of the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records_Building" title="Capitol Records Building">Capitol Records Building</a> in Los Angeles, designed to resemble a stack of discs. Lennon provided a voiceover as Starr's spacecraft landed on the building and Starr boarded it before taking off over the city. Starr, Nilsson, and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Moon" title="Keith Moon">Keith Moon</a> were among the cast, along with a forty-foot robot named 'Gort' placed on the building.<a href="#cite_note-:202-145">[139]</a> During this period Starr became romantically involved with <a href="/wiki/Lynsey_de_Paul" title="Lynsey de Paul">Lynsey de Paul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004180–181-146">[140]</a> He played tambourine on a song she wrote and produced for <a href="/wiki/Vera_Lynn" title="Vera Lynn">Vera Lynn</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_You_Remember_When" title="Don't You Remember When">Don't You Remember When</a>", and he inspired another De Paul song, "<a href="/wiki/If_I_Don%27t_Get_You_the_Next_One_Will" title="If I Don't Get You the Next One Will">If I Don't Get You the Next One Will</a>", which she described as being about revenge after he missed a dinner appointment with her because he was asleep in his office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004180–181-146">[140]</a> Starr founded the record label <a href="/wiki/Ring_O%27_Records" title="Ring O' Records">Ring O' Records</a> in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004279–280-147">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[nb 7]</a> The company signed eleven artists and released fifteen singles and five albums between 1975 and 1978, including works by <a href="/wiki/David_Hentschel" title="David Hentschel">David Hentschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Bonnet" title="Graham Bonnet">Graham Bonnet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rab_Noakes" title="Rab Noakes">Rab Noakes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004280-150">[143]</a> The commercial impact of Starr's own career diminished over the same period, however, although he continued to record and remained a familiar celebrity presence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004295-151">[144]</a> Speaking in 2001, he attributed this downward turn to his "[not] taking enough interest" in music, saying of himself and friends such as Nilsson and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Moon" title="Keith Moon">Keith Moon</a>: "We weren't musicians dabbling in drugs and alcohol; now we were junkies dabbling in music."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009237-152">[145]</a> Starr, Nilsson and Moon were members of a drinking club, <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Vampires" title="The Hollywood Vampires">the Hollywood Vampires</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010196-153">[146]</a> From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, Starr and the designer Robin Cruikshank ran a furniture and interior design company, <a href="/wiki/ROR_(design_company)" title="ROR (design company)">ROR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Starr2016-154">[147]</a> ROR's designs were placed on sale in the department stores of <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Nichols" title="Harvey Nichols">Harvey Nichols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberty_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty of London">Liberty of London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Starr2016-154">[147]</a> The company designed the interiors of palaces in Abu Dhabi and Oman, and the apartments of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Raymond_(publisher)" title="Paul Raymond (publisher)">Paul Raymond</a> and Starr's friend Nilsson.<a href="#cite_note-MEED-155">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shipton2013-156">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Willetts2013-157">[150]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beatle_RINGO_Starr_%26_Director_Ken_RUSSELL_(1975).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Beatle_RINGO_Starr_%26_Director_Ken_RUSSELL_%281975%29.jpg/220px-Beatle_RINGO_Starr_%26_Director_Ken_RUSSELL_%281975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Beatle_RINGO_Starr_%26_Director_Ken_RUSSELL_%281975%29.jpg/330px-Beatle_RINGO_Starr_%26_Director_Ken_RUSSELL_%281975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Beatle_RINGO_Starr_%26_Director_Ken_RUSSELL_%281975%29.jpg/440px-Beatle_RINGO_Starr_%26_Director_Ken_RUSSELL_%281975%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4230" /></a><figcaption>Starr and film director <a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> in 1975</figcaption></figure> In November 1976, Starr appeared as a guest at <a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">the Band</a>'s farewell concert, featured in the 1978 <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> documentary <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Waltz" title="The Last Waltz">The Last Waltz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000510-158">[151]</a> Also in 1976, Starr issued <a href="/wiki/Ringo%27s_Rotogravure" title="Ringo's Rotogravure">Ringo's Rotogravure</a>, the first release under his new contract with <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a> for the North American market and <a href="/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydor</a> for all other territories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005264-159">[152]</a> The album was produced by <a href="/wiki/Arif_Mardin" title="Arif Mardin">Arif Mardin</a> and featured compositions by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004295-151">[144]</a> Starr promoted the release heavily, yet Rotogravure and its accompanying singles failed to chart in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-160">[153]</a> In America, the LP produced two minor hits, "<a href="/wiki/A_Dose_of_Rock_%27n%27_Roll" title="A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll">A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll</a>" (number 26) and a cover of "<a href="/wiki/Hey!_Baby" title="Hey! Baby">Hey! Baby</a>" (number 74), and achieved moderate sales, reaching a chart position of 28.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004295-151">[144]</a> Its disappointing performance inspired Atlantic to revamp Starr's formula;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010186-161">[154]</a> the result was a blend of <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> and 1970s pop, <a href="/wiki/Ringo_the_4th" title="Ringo the 4th">Ringo the 4th</a> (1977).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004294–295-162">[155]</a> The album failed to chart in the UK and peaked at number 162 in the US.<a href="#cite_note-163">[156]</a> In 1978 Starr released <a href="/wiki/Bad_Boy_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Bad Boy (Ringo Starr album)">Bad Boy</a>, which reached number 129 in the US and again failed to place on the UK albums chart.<a href="#cite_note-164">[157]</a> In April 1979, Starr became seriously ill with intestinal problems relating to his childhood bout of peritonitis and was taken to the Princess Grace Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>. He almost died and during an operation on 28 April, several feet of intestine had to be removed.<a href="#cite_note-165">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-airmail.net-166">[159]</a> Three weeks later he played with McCartney and Harrison at Eric Clapton's wedding.<a href="#cite_note-airmail.net-166">[159]</a> On 28 November, a fire destroyed his <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> home and much of his Beatles memorabilia.<a href="#cite_note-airmail.net-166">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980s">1980s</h4></div> On 19 May 1980, Starr and Barbara Bach survived a car crash in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England.<a href="#cite_note-167">[160]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">Lennon's murder</a> in December 1980, Harrison modified the lyrics of a song he had originally written for Starr, "<a href="/wiki/All_Those_Years_Ago" title="All Those Years Ago">All Those Years Ago</a>", as a tribute to their former bandmate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009273-168">[161]</a> Released as a Harrison single in 1981, the track, which included Starr's drum part and overdubbed backing vocals by McCartney, peaked at number two in the US charts and number 13 in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-169">[162]</a> Later that year, Starr released <a href="/wiki/Stop_and_Smell_the_Roses_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Stop and Smell the Roses (Ringo Starr album)">Stop and Smell the Roses</a>, featuring songs produced by Nilsson, McCartney, Harrison, <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Wood" title="Ronnie Wood">Ronnie Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Stills" title="Stephen Stills">Stephen Stills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004326–327-170">[163]</a> The album's lead single, the Harrison-composed "Wrack My Brain", reached number 38 in the US charts, but failed to chart in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-171">[164]</a> Lennon had offered a pair of songs for inclusion on the album – "<a href="/wiki/Nobody_Told_Me" title="Nobody Told Me">Nobody Told Me</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Life_Begins_at_40_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Begins at 40 (song)">Life Begins at 40</a>" – but following his death, Starr did not feel comfortable recording them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004326–327-170">[163]</a> Soon after the murder, Starr and his girlfriend <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bach" title="Barbara Bach">Barbara Bach</a> flew to New York City to be with Lennon's widow Yoko Ono.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005301-172">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[nb 8]</a> Following Stop and Smell the Roses, Starr's recording projects were beset with problems. After completing <a href="/wiki/Old_Wave" title="Old Wave">Old Wave</a> in 1982 with producer <a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh" title="Joe Walsh">Joe Walsh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000522-177">[169]</a> he was unable to find a record company willing to release the album in the UK or the US.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009283-178">[170]</a> In 1987, he abandoned sessions in Memphis for a planned country album, produced by <a href="/wiki/Chips_Moman" title="Chips Moman">Chips Moman</a>, after which Moman was blocked by a court injunction from issuing the recordings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000525–26-179">[171]</a> Starr narrated the 1984–1986 series of the children's series <a href="/wiki/Thomas_%26_Friends" title="Thomas & Friends">Thomas & Friends</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Britt_Allcroft" title="Britt Allcroft">Britt Allcroft</a> production based on the <a href="/wiki/The_Railway_Series" title="The Railway Series">books</a> by the <a href="/wiki/W._V._Awdry" class="mw-redirect" title="W. V. Awdry">Reverend W. Awdry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004322-180">[172]</a> For a single season in 1989, Starr also portrayed the character Mr. Conductor in the American Thomas & Friends spin-off, <a href="/wiki/Shining_Time_Station" title="Shining Time Station">Shining Time Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004314-181">[173]</a> In 1985, Starr performed with his son <a href="/wiki/Zak_Starkey" title="Zak Starkey">Zak</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Artists_United_Against_Apartheid" title="Artists United Against Apartheid">Artists United Against Apartheid</a> on the protest song "<a href="/wiki/Sun_City_(song)" title="Sun City (song)">Sun City</a>",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004328-182">[174]</a> and, with Harrison and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>, was among the special guests on <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>' TV special <a href="/wiki/Blue_Suede_Shoes:_A_Rockabilly_Session" title="Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session">Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadman2001359–60-183">[175]</a> In 1987, he played drums on Harrison's Beatles pastiche "<a href="/wiki/When_We_Was_Fab" title="When We Was Fab">When We Was Fab</a>" and also appeared in <a href="/wiki/Godley_%26_Creme" title="Godley & Creme">Godley & Creme</a>'s innovative video clip for the song.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009292-184">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000470–71-185">[177]</a> The same year, Starr joined Harrison, Clapton, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Lynne" title="Jeff Lynne">Jeff Lynne</a> and Elton John in a performance at London's <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince's Trust">Prince's Trust</a> charity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2003304–305-186">[178]</a> In January 1988, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> ceremony in New York, with Harrison and Ono (the latter representing Lennon), to accept the Beatles' induction into the Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadman2001402-187">[179]</a> During October and November 1988, Starr and Bach attended a <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification" title="Alcohol detoxification">detox</a> clinic in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>; each received a six-week treatment for alcoholism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004135-188">[180]</a> He later commented on his longstanding addiction: "Years I've lost, absolute years ... I've no idea what happened. I lived in a blackout."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009297–98-189">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[nb 9]</a> Having embraced sobriety, Starr focused on re-establishing his career by making a return to touring.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005337–41-192">[183]</a> On 23 July 1989, <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band">Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band</a> gave their first performance to an audience of ten thousand in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004136-193">[184]</a> Setting a pattern that would continue over the following decades,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009298-194">[185]</a> the band consisted of Starr and an assortment of musicians who had been successful in their own right at different times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry20047-195">[186]</a> The concerts interchanged Starr's singing, including selections of his Beatles and solo songs, with performances of each of the other artists' well-known material, the latter incorporating either Starr or another musician as drummer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry20047-195">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1990s">1990s</h4></div> The first All-Starr excursion led to the release of <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_All-Starr_Band_(album)" title="Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band (album)">Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band</a> (1990), a compilation of live performances from the 1989 tour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005345-196">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[nb 10]</a> Also in 1990, Starr recorded a version of the song "<a href="/wiki/I_Call_Your_Name" title="I Call Your Name">I Call Your Name</a>" for a television special marking the 10th anniversary of John Lennon's death and the 50th anniversary of Lennon's birth. The track, produced by Lynne, features a supergroup composed of Lynne, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a>, Joe Walsh and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Keltner" title="Jim Keltner">Jim Keltner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004226-201">[191]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grazia_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Grazia_01.jpg/250px-Grazia_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Grazia_01.jpg/330px-Grazia_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Grazia_01.jpg/500px-Grazia_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Starr during an interview in 1992</figcaption></figure> The following year, Starr made a cameo appearance on <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Brush_with_Greatness" title="Brush with Greatness">Brush with Greatness</a>" and contributed an original song, "You Never Know", to the soundtrack of the <a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_(filmmaker)" title="John Hughes (filmmaker)">John Hughes</a> film <a href="/wiki/Curly_Sue" title="Curly Sue">Curly Sue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004315–316:_"Brush_with_Greatness",_178:_''Curly_Sue''_and_"You_Never_Know"-202">[192]</a> In 1992, he released his first studio album in nine years, <a href="/wiki/Time_Takes_Time" title="Time Takes Time">Time Takes Time</a>, which was produced by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ramone" title="Phil Ramone">Phil Ramone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Was" title="Don Was">Don Was</a>, Lynne and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Asher" title="Peter Asher">Peter Asher</a> and featured guest appearances by various stars including <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a> and Harry Nilsson.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004334–337-203">[193]</a> The album failed to achieve commercial success,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000534–35-204">[194]</a> although the single "<a href="/wiki/Weight_of_the_World_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Weight of the World (Ringo Starr song)">Weight of the World</a>" peaked at number 74 in the UK, marking his first appearance on the singles chart there since "Only You" in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-205">[195]</a> In 1994, he began a collaboration with the surviving former Beatles for the <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">Beatles Anthology</a> project. They recorded two new Beatles songs built around solo vocal and piano tapes recorded by Lennon and gave lengthy interviews about the Beatles' career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett1999286-206">[196]</a> Released in December 1995, "<a href="/wiki/Free_as_a_Bird" title="Free as a Bird">Free as a Bird</a>" was the first new Beatles single since 1970.<a href="#cite_note-207">[197]</a> In March 1996, they released a second single, "<a href="/wiki/Real_Love_(Beatles_song)" title="Real Love (Beatles song)">Real Love</a>". The temporary reunion ended when Harrison refused to participate in the completion of <a href="/wiki/Now_%26_Then_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Now & Then (song)">a third song</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[198]</a> Starr then played drums on McCartney's 1997 album <a href="/wiki/Flaming_Pie" title="Flaming Pie">Flaming Pie</a>. Among the tracks to which he contributed, "Little Willow" was a song McCartney wrote about Starr's ex-wife Maureen, who died in 1994, while "<a href="/wiki/Really_Love_You" title="Really Love You">Really Love You</a>" was the first official release ever credited to McCartney–Starkey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004236:_"Little_Willow";_275:_"Really_Love_You"-209">[199]</a> In 1998, he released two albums on the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury</a> label. The studio album <a href="/wiki/Vertical_Man" title="Vertical Man">Vertical Man</a> marked the beginning of a nine-year partnership with <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hudson_(musician)" title="Mark Hudson (musician)">Mark Hudson</a>, who produced the album and, with his band the Roundheads, formed the core of the backing group on the recordings. In addition, many famous guests joined on various tracks, including Martin, Petty, McCartney and, in his final appearance on a Starr album, Harrison. Most of the songs were written by Starr and the band. Joe Walsh and the Roundheads joined Starr for his appearance on <a href="/wiki/VH1_Storytellers" title="VH1 Storytellers">VH1 Storytellers</a>, which was released as an <a href="/wiki/VH1_Storytellers_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="VH1 Storytellers (Ringo Starr album)">album under the same name</a>. During the show, he performed greatest hits and new songs and told anecdotes relating to them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004358-210">[200]</a> Starr's final release for Mercury was the 1999 Christmas-themed <a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Be_Santa_Claus" title="I Wanna Be Santa Claus">I Wanna Be Santa Claus</a>. The album was a commercial failure, although the record company chose not to issue it in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000568-211">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000s">2000s</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Starr is on stage with two guitarists and two microphones. He is wearing sunglasses and a black and silver T-shirt, and both of his arms are raised. His right arm forms a V-shaped peace symbol." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ringo_Starr.jpg/250px-Ringo_Starr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ringo_Starr.jpg/330px-Ringo_Starr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Ringo_Starr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption>Starr (left) on stage in New York City in 2005</figcaption></figure> Starr was inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2002, joining an elite group of drummers and percussionists that include <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Rich" title="Buddy Rich">Buddy Rich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Musser" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Musser">William F. Ludwig Sr. and William F. Ludwig Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[202]</a> On 29 November 2002 (the first anniversary of Harrison's death), he performed "Photograph" and a cover of Carl Perkins' "<a href="/wiki/Honey_Don%27t" title="Honey Don't">Honey Don't</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/Concert_for_George" title="Concert for George">Concert for George</a> held in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>, London.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2003138–139-213">[203]</a> Early the following year, he released the album <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Rama" title="Ringo Rama">Ringo Rama</a>, which contained a song he co-wrote as a tribute to Harrison, "<a href="/wiki/Never_Without_You" title="Never Without You">Never Without You</a>".<a href="#cite_note-214">[204]</a> Also in 2003, he formed Pumkinhead Records with All-Starr Band member Mark Hudson.<a href="#cite_note-215">[205]</a> The label was not prolific, but their first signing was <a href="/wiki/Liam_Lynch_(musician)" title="Liam Lynch (musician)">Liam Lynch</a>, who produced a 2003 LP entitled <a href="/wiki/Fake_Songs" title="Fake Songs">Fake Songs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004241-216">[206]</a> Starr served as an honorary Santa Tracker and voice-over personality in 2003 and 2004 during the London stop in Father Christmas's annual Christmas Eve journey, as depicted in the annual <a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD tracks Santa program</a>. According to NORAD officials, he was "a Starr in the east" who helped guide <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a>'s Santa-tracking tradition.<a href="#cite_note-'Starr'_helps_NORAD_track_Santa-217">[207]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2004_-_ringo_thankspage_thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photo of Starr, who is holding two fingers up in the style of a "peace sign". He is a wearing a dark beret, sunglasses and a grey windbreaker with several patches on the front." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/2004_-_ringo_thankspage_thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Starr as an <a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">Honorary Santa Tracker</a></figcaption></figure> His 2005 release <a href="/wiki/Choose_Love_(album)" title="Choose Love (album)">Choose Love</a> eschewed the star-guests approach of his last two studio albums<a href="#cite_note-218">[208]</a> but failed to chart in the UK or the US.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2012261-219">[209]</a> That same year, Liverpool's City Council announced plans to demolish Starr's birthplace, 9 Madryn Street, stating that it had "no historical significance".<a href="#cite_note-220">[210]</a> The LCC later announced that the building would be taken apart brick by brick and preserved.<a href="#cite_note-221">[211]</a> Starr released the album <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_8" title="Liverpool 8">Liverpool 8</a> in January 2008, coinciding with the start of Liverpool's year as the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2012269-222">[212]</a> Hudson was the initial producer of the recordings, but after a falling out with Starr, he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/David_A._Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. Stewart">David A. Stewart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Erlewine/Liverpool8-197">[188]</a> Starr performed <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_8_(song)" title="Liverpool 8 (song)">the title track</a> at the opening ceremony for Liverpool's appointment, but thereafter attracted controversy over his seemingly unflattering comments about his city of birth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2012269–70-223">[213]</a> Later that year, he was the object of further criticism in the press for posting a video on his website in which he harangued fans and autograph hunters for sending him items to sign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009334–35-224">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[nb 11]</a> In April 2009, he reunited with McCartney at the <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch_Foundation" title="David Lynch Foundation">David Lynch Foundation</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/David_Lynch_Foundation#2009–2011" title="David Lynch Foundation">Change Begins Within</a>" benefit concert, held at New York's <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a>. Having played his own set beforehand, Starr joined McCartney for the finale and performed "With a Little Help from My Friends", among other songs.<a href="#cite_note-227">[216]</a> Starr also appeared on-stage during Microsoft's June 2009 <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Entertainment_Expo_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009">E3</a> press conference with Yoko Ono, McCartney and <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Harrison" title="Olivia Harrison">Olivia Harrison</a> to promote <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="The Beatles: Rock Band">The Beatles: Rock Band</a> video game.<a href="#cite_note-228">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010s">2010s</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr_and_all_his_band_(8470850644).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ringo_Starr_and_all_his_band_%288470850644%29.jpg/220px-Ringo_Starr_and_all_his_band_%288470850644%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ringo_Starr_and_all_his_band_%288470850644%29.jpg/330px-Ringo_Starr_and_all_his_band_%288470850644%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ringo_Starr_and_all_his_band_%288470850644%29.jpg/440px-Ringo_Starr_and_all_his_band_%288470850644%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Starr performing in 2013</figcaption></figure> In 2010, Starr self-produced and released his fifteenth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Y_Not" title="Y Not">Y Not</a>, which included the track "<a href="/wiki/Walk_with_You" title="Walk with You">Walk with You</a>" and featured a vocal contribution from McCartney.<a href="#cite_note-229">[218]</a> Later that year, he appeared during <a href="/wiki/Hope_for_Haiti_Now:_A_Global_Benefit_for_Earthquake_Relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief">Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief</a> as a celebrity phone operator.<a href="#cite_note-usatoday-clooneyexplains-230">[219]</a> On 7 July 2010, he celebrated his 70th birthday at Radio City Music Hall with another All-Starr Band concert, topped with friends and family joining him on stage including Ono, his son Zak, and McCartney.<a href="#cite_note-231">[220]</a> Starr recorded a cover of <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>'s "Think It Over" for the 2011 tribute album <a href="/wiki/Listen_to_Me:_Buddy_Holly" title="Listen to Me: Buddy Holly">Listen to Me: Buddy Holly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[221]</a> In January 2012, he released the album <a href="/wiki/Ringo_2012" title="Ringo 2012">Ringo 2012</a>. Later that year, he announced that his All-Starr Band would tour the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> during 2013 with select dates in New Zealand, Australia and Japan; it was his first performance in Japan since 1996, and his debut in both New Zealand and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-233">[222]</a> In January 2014, Starr joined McCartney for a special performance at the <a href="/wiki/56th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="56th Annual Grammy Awards">56th Annual Grammy Awards</a> in Los Angeles, where they performed the song "<a href="/wiki/Queenie_Eye" title="Queenie Eye">Queenie Eye</a>".<a href="#cite_note-234">[223]</a> That summer he toured Canada and the US with an updated version of the Twelfth All-Starr Band, featuring multi-instrumentalist <a href="/wiki/Warren_Ham" title="Warren Ham">Warren Ham</a> instead of saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rivera" title="Mark Rivera">Mark Rivera</a>. In July, Starr became involved in "#peacerocks", an anti-violence campaign started by fashion designer <a href="/wiki/John_Varvatos" title="John Varvatos">John Varvatos</a>, in conjunction with the David Lynch Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-instyle7/14-235">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-wwd-236">[225]</a> In September 2014, he won at the <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a> Men of the Year Awards for his humanitarian work with the David Lynch Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-237">[226]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ringo_Starr_at_the_Beacon_Theater_(26674821609).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ringo_Starr_at_the_Beacon_Theater_%2826674821609%29.jpg/250px-Ringo_Starr_at_the_Beacon_Theater_%2826674821609%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ringo_Starr_at_the_Beacon_Theater_%2826674821609%29.jpg/330px-Ringo_Starr_at_the_Beacon_Theater_%2826674821609%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ringo_Starr_at_the_Beacon_Theater_%2826674821609%29.jpg/500px-Ringo_Starr_at_the_Beacon_Theater_%2826674821609%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption>Starr performing in 2017</figcaption></figure> In January 2015, Starr tweeted the title of his new studio album <a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_Paradise" title="Postcards from Paradise">Postcards from Paradise</a>. The album came a few weeks in advance of Starr's induction into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>, and was released on 31 March 2015 to mixed to positive reviews.<a href="#cite_note-238">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[228]</a> Later that month, Starr and his band announced a forthcoming Summer 2016 Tour of the US. Full production began in June 2016 in Syracuse.<a href="#cite_note-240">[229]</a> On 7 July 2017 (his 77th birthday), Starr released "Give More Love" as a single, which was followed two months later by his nineteenth studio album, also titled <a href="/wiki/Give_More_Love" title="Give More Love">Give More Love</a> and issued by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Enterprises" title="Universal Music Enterprises">UMe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RS070717-241">[230]</a> The album includes appearances by McCartney, as well as frequent collaborators such as Joe Walsh, David A. Stewart, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Nicholson_(singer)" title="Gary Nicholson (singer)">Gary Nicholson</a> and members of the All-Starr Band.<a href="#cite_note-Variety_070717-242">[231]</a> On 13 September 2019, Starr announced the upcoming release of his 20th album, <a href="/wiki/What%27s_My_Name_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="What's My Name (Ringo Starr album)">What's My Name</a>, to be released by <a href="/wiki/UMe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMe">UMe</a> on 25 October 2019. He recorded the album in his home studio, Roccabella West in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-243">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020s">2020s</h4></div> In celebration of his 80th birthday in July 2020, Starr organised a live-streamed concert featuring appearances by many of his friends and collaborators including McCartney, Walsh, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Harper" title="Ben Harper">Ben Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_E." title="Sheila E.">Sheila E.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>. The show replaced his annual public birthday celebration at the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records_Building" title="Capitol Records Building">Capitol Records Building</a>, which was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[233]</a> On 16 December 2020, Starr released the song "Here's to the Nights". An accompanying video was released on 18 December. The song of peace, love and friendship was written by <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> and features a group of his friends, including McCartney, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh" title="Joe Walsh">Joe Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corinne_Bailey_Rae" title="Corinne Bailey Rae">Corinne Bailey Rae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Burdon" title="Eric Burdon">Eric Burdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finneas" class="mw-redirect" title="Finneas">Finneas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Harper" title="Ben Harper">Ben Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Kravitz" title="Lenny Kravitz">Lenny Kravitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Lewis" title="Jenny Lewis">Jenny Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Lukather" title="Steve Lukather">Steve Lukather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Stapleton" title="Chris Stapleton">Chris Stapleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yola_(singer)" title="Yola (singer)">Yola</a>. The song was the lead single from his EP <a href="/wiki/Zoom_In" title="Zoom In">Zoom In</a>, which was released on 19 March 2021 via <a href="/wiki/UMe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMe">UMe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[234]</a> On 16 March 2021, Starr stated in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a> that it was unlikely that he would record another full-length album, preferring to release EPs instead.<a href="#cite_note-246">[235]</a> On 24 September that year, he released the EP <a href="/wiki/Change_the_World_(Ringo_Starr_EP)" title="Change the World (Ringo Starr EP)">Change the World</a>, a sequel to the previous EP Zoom In.<a href="#cite_note-247">[236]</a> On 7 February 2022, Starr announced his intention to return to touring with his band for the first time since 2019. The tour was announced to run from 27 May to 26 June,<a href="#cite_note-248">[237]</a> though several concerts held in June would end up being postponed till October due to two members of the band catching <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>. These postponed events were added to the band's previously announced tour to be held in September and October.<a href="#cite_note-249">[238]</a> On 1 October, he cancelled a concert at the <a href="/wiki/Four_Winds_New_Buffalo" title="Four Winds New Buffalo">Four Winds New Buffalo</a> casino due to an unspecified illness affecting his voice. Another concert to be held at <a href="/wiki/Mystic_Lake_Casino_Hotel" title="Mystic Lake Casino Hotel">Mystic Lake Casino Hotel</a> the following day was also postponed.<a href="#cite_note-250">[239]</a> On 3 October, it was confirmed that Starr had tested positive for COVID-19, after which several shows in Canada were cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-251">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[241]</a> On 16 September 2022, Starr released the EP <a href="/wiki/EP3_(Ringo_Starr_EP)" title="EP3 (Ringo Starr EP)">EP3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[242]</a> On 12 January 2023, Starr announced that he and the All-Starr Band would be touring in the US from 19 May to 17 June.<a href="#cite_note-254">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[244]</a> In May 2023, a further series of tour dates was also announced, from 17 September to 13 October.<a href="#cite_note-256">[245]</a> Another EP by Starr, <a href="/wiki/Rewind_Forward" title="Rewind Forward">Rewind Forward</a>, released on 13 October.<a href="#cite_note-257">[246]</a> Another, <a href="/wiki/Crooked_Boy" title="Crooked Boy">Crooked Boy</a>, was initially released as a <a href="/wiki/Record_Store_Day" title="Record Store Day">Record Store Day</a> exclusive in 2024,<a href="#cite_note-258">[247]</a> with digital and physical releases on 26 April and 31 May, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-259">[248]</a> A country and <a href="/wiki/Americana_music" title="Americana music">roots</a> album, <a href="/wiki/Look_Up_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Look Up (Ringo Starr album)">Look Up</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a>, was released on 10 January 2025.<a href="#cite_note-260">[249]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McCartneyO2101224_p2_(167_of_191)_(54225060041).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/McCartneyO2101224_p2_%28167_of_191%29_%2854225060041%29.jpg/220px-McCartneyO2101224_p2_%28167_of_191%29_%2854225060041%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/McCartneyO2101224_p2_%28167_of_191%29_%2854225060041%29.jpg/330px-McCartneyO2101224_p2_%28167_of_191%29_%2854225060041%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/McCartneyO2101224_p2_%28167_of_191%29_%2854225060041%29.jpg/440px-McCartneyO2101224_p2_%28167_of_191%29_%2854225060041%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3784" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> and Ringo Starr playing together on 19 December 2024, in London</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistry">Artistry</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3></div> During his youth, Starr had been a devoted fan of skiffle and <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> music, but by the time he joined the Texans in 1958, he had developed a preference for rock and roll.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005343–344-261">[250]</a> He was also influenced by <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> artists, including <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, Buck Owens and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> artists such as <a href="/wiki/Chico_Hamilton" title="Chico Hamilton">Chico Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yusef_Lateef" title="Yusef Lateef">Yusef Lateef</a>, whose compositional style inspired Starr's fluid and energetic drum fills and <a href="/wiki/Groove_(music)" title="Groove (music)">grooves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[251]</a> While reflecting on Buddy Rich, Starr commented: "He does things with one hand that I can't do with nine, but that's technique. Everyone I talk to says 'What about Buddy Rich?' Well, what about him? Because he doesn't turn me on."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200542-263">[252]</a> He stated that he "was never really into drummers", but identified <a href="/wiki/Cozy_Cole" title="Cozy Cole">Cozy Cole</a>'s 1958 <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Topsy_(instrumental)" title="Topsy (instrumental)">Topsy Part Two</a>" as "the one drum record" he bought.<a href="#cite_note-264">[253]</a> Starr's first musical hero was <a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a>, about whom he commented: "I remember getting shivers up my back when he sang, '<a href="/wiki/South_of_the_Border_(1939_song)" title="South of the Border (1939 song)">South of the Border</a>'".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200520-265">[254]</a> By the early 1960s he had become an ardent fan of <a href="/wiki/Lee_Dorsey" title="Lee Dorsey">Lee Dorsey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200576-266">[255]</a> In November 1964, Starr told Melody Maker: "Our music is second-hand versions of negro music ... Ninety per cent of the music I like is coloured."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005113-267">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drums">Drums</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20110626_043_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_drums_WP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of Starr playing a dark coloured drum kit on a stage. The background is yellow." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20110626_043_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_drums_WP.jpg/250px-20110626_043_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_drums_WP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20110626_043_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_drums_WP.jpg/330px-20110626_043_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_drums_WP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20110626_043_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_drums_WP.jpg/500px-20110626_043_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_drums_WP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Starr with his All-Starr Band in Paris, 26 June 2011</figcaption></figure> Starr said of his drumming: "I'm no good on the technical things ... I'm your basic offbeat drummer with funny fills ... because I'm really left-handed playing a right-handed kit. I can't roll around the drums because of that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200444-268">[257]</a> Beatles producer George Martin said: "Ringo hit good and hard and used the tom-tom well, even though he couldn't do a roll to save his life", but later said, "He's got tremendous feel. He always helped us to hit the right tempo for a song, and gave it that support – that rock-solid back-beat – that made the recording of all the Beatles' songs that much easier."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200444-268">[257]</a> Starr said he did not believe the drummer's role was to "interpret the song". Instead, comparing his drumming to painting, he said: "I am the foundation, and then I put a bit of glow here and there ... If there's a gap, I want to be good enough to fill it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200542-263">[252]</a> In 2011, Rolling Stone readers voted Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time.<a href="#cite_note-269">[258]</a> Journalist Robyn Flans wrote for the Percussive Arts Society: "I cannot count the number of drummers who have told me that Ringo inspired their passion for drums".<a href="#cite_note-PAS-2">[2]</a> Drummer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Smith_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Smith (musician)">Steve Smith</a> said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Before Ringo, drum stars were measured by their soloing ability and virtuosity. Ringo's popularity brought forth a new paradigm in how the public saw drummers. We started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect. One of Ringo's great qualities was that he composed unique, stylistic drum parts for the Beatles' songs. His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and still identify the song.<a href="#cite_note-PAS-2">[2]</a></blockquote> Starr said his favourite drummer is <a href="/wiki/Jim_Keltner" title="Jim Keltner">Jim Keltner</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005348-270">[259]</a> with whom he first played at the Concert for Bangladesh in August 1971.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000499-271">[260]</a> The pair subsequently played drums together on some of Harrison's recordings during the 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201079-272">[261]</a> on Ringo and other albums by Starr, and on the early All-Starr Band tours.<a href="#cite_note-273">[262]</a> For Ringo's Rotogravure in 1976, Starr credited himself as "Thunder" and Keltner as "Lightnin'".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201079-272">[261]</a> Starr is widely known for sitting behind the drum kit in a higher position than most drummers. This position gives him better access to the tom-tom and cymbals as well as doing the <a href="/wiki/Rimshot" title="Rimshot">rimshot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[264]</a> Starr influenced the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> drummer <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a>,<a href="#cite_note-battistoni-276">[265]</a> who said: "I think he's vastly underrated, Ringo. The drum fills on '<a href="/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life" title="A Day in the Life">A Day in the Life</a>' are very, very complex things. You could take a great drummer from today and say, 'I want it like that', and they really wouldn't know what to do."<a href="#cite_note-277">[266]</a> Collins said his drumming on the 1983 Genesis song "<a href="/wiki/That%27s_All_(Genesis_song)" title="That's All (Genesis song)">That's All</a>" was an affectionate attempt at a "Ringo Starr drum part".<a href="#cite_note-philcollins.co.uk-278">[267]</a> In an often-repeated but apocryphal story, when asked if Starr was the best drummer in the world, Lennon quipped that he "wasn't even the best drummer in the Beatles". The line actually comes from a 1981 episode of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> comedy series <a href="/wiki/Radio_Active_(radio_series)" title="Radio Active (radio series)">Radio Active</a>,<a href="#cite_note-279">[268]</a> and gained more prominence when it was used by the television comedian <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Carrott" title="Jasper Carrott">Jasper Carrott</a> in 1983, three years after Lennon's death.<a href="#cite_note-280">[269]</a> In September 1980, Lennon told Rolling Stone that Starr was a "damn good drummer" whose talent would have surfaced even without the Beatles.<a href="#cite_note-281">[270]</a> Tjinder Singh of the indie rock band <a href="/wiki/Cornershop" title="Cornershop">Cornershop</a> said Starr was a pioneering drummer: "There was a time when the common consensus was that Ringo couldn't play. What's that all about? He's totally unique, a one-off, and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> has a lot to thank him for."<a href="#cite_note-282">[271]</a> In his book <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Beatles_Recording_Sessions" title="The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions">The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lewisohn" title="Mark Lewisohn">Mark Lewisohn</a> says there were fewer than a dozen occasions in the Beatles' eight-year recording career where session breakdowns were caused by Starr making a mistake, while the vast majority of takes were stopped due to mistakes by the other Beatles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn198895-283">[272]</a> Starr influenced various modern drumming techniques, such as the <a href="/wiki/Matched_grip" class="mw-redirect" title="Matched grip">matched grip</a>, tuning the drums lower, and using muffling devices on tonal rings.<a href="#cite_note-PAS-2">[2]</a> According to Ken Micallef and Donnie Marshall, co-authors of Classic Rock Drummers: "Ringo's fat tom sounds and delicate cymbal work were imitated by thousands of drummers."<a href="#cite_note-284">[273]</a> In 2021, Starr announced a ten-part <a href="/wiki/MasterClass" title="MasterClass">MasterClass</a> course called "Drumming and Creative Collaboration".<a href="#cite_note-285">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocals">Vocals</h3></div> Starr sang lead vocals for a song on most of the Beatles' studio albums as part of an attempt to establish a vocal personality for each band member. In many cases, Lennon or McCartney wrote the lyrics and melody especially for him, as they did for "Yellow Submarine" from Revolver and "With a Little Help from My Friends" on Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.<a href="#cite_note-harddayswritelittlehelp-286">[275]</a> These melodies were tailored to Starr's limited <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> vocal range. Because of his distinctive voice, Starr rarely performed backing vocals during his time with the Beatles, but they can be heard on songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Silver_Hammer" title="Maxwell's Silver Hammer">Maxwell's Silver Hammer</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Carry_That_Weight" title="Carry That Weight">Carry That Weight</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett1999252:_"Maxwell's_Silver_Hammer",_268:_"Carry_That_Weight"-287">[276]</a> He is also the lead vocalist on his compositions "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett1999206:_"Don't_Pass_Me_By",_254–255:_"Octopus's_Garden"-288">[277]</a> In addition, he sang lead on "<a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Be_Your_Man" title="I Wanna Be Your Man">I Wanna Be Your Man</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Boys_(The_Shirelles_song)" title="Boys (The Shirelles song)">Boys</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Matchbox_(song)" title="Matchbox (song)">Matchbox</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Honey_Don%27t" title="Honey Don't">Honey Don't</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Act_Naturally" title="Act Naturally">Act Naturally</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Good_Night_(Beatles_song)" title="Good Night (Beatles song)">Good Night</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/What_Goes_On_(Beatles_song)" title="What Goes On (Beatles song)">What Goes On</a>".<a href="#cite_note-289">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Songwriting">Songwriting</h3></div> Starr's idiosyncratic turns of phrase or "Ringoisms", such as "<a href="/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_(song)#Title" title="A Hard Day's Night (song)">a hard day's night</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Knows#Title" title="Tomorrow Never Knows">tomorrow never knows</a>", were used as song titles by the Beatles, particularly by Lennon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry20043-290">[279]</a> McCartney commented: "Ringo would do these little <a href="/wiki/Malapropism" title="Malapropism">malapropisms</a>, he would say things slightly wrong, like people do, but his were always wonderful, very lyrical ... they were sort of magic."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997164-291">[280]</a> Starr also occasionally contributed lyrics to unfinished Lennon–McCartney songs, such as the line "<a href="/wiki/Darning" title="Darning">darning</a> his socks in the night when there's nobody there" in "<a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Rigby" title="Eleanor Rigby">Eleanor Rigby</a>".<a href="#cite_note-harddayswriteeleanorrigby-292">[281]</a> Starr is credited as the sole composer of two Beatles songs: "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Pass_Me_By" title="Don't Pass Me By">Don't Pass Me By</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Octopus%27s_Garden" title="Octopus's Garden">Octopus's Garden</a>", the latter written with assistance from Harrison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010260–61-293">[282]</a> While promoting the Abbey Road album in 1969, Harrison recognised Starr's lyrics to "Octopus's Garden" as an unwittingly profound message about finding inner peace, and therefore an example of how "Ringo writes his cosmic songs without knowing it."<a href="#cite_note-294">[283]</a> Starr is also credited as a co-writer of "<a href="/wiki/What_Goes_On_(Beatles_song)" title="What Goes On (Beatles song)">What Goes On</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Flying_(Beatles_instrumental)" title="Flying (Beatles instrumental)">Flying</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Dig_It_(Beatles_song)" title="Dig It (Beatles song)">Dig It</a>".<a href="#cite_note-295">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[nb 12]</a> On material issued after the band's break-up, he received a writing credit for "Taking a Trip to Carolina" and joint songwriting credits with the other Beatles for "<a href="/wiki/12-Bar_Original" title="12-Bar Original">12-Bar Original</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Step_Inside_Love" title="Step Inside Love">Los Paranoias</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Time_(Is_Here_Again)" title="Christmas Time (Is Here Again)">Christmas Time (Is Here Again)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Let_It_Be_(1970_film)#Soundtrack" title="Let It Be (1970 film)">Suzy Parker</a>" (from the Let It Be film), "Jessie's Dream" (from the Magical Mystery Tour film), "Free as a Bird" and "<a href="/wiki/Now_and_Then_(Beatles_song)" title="Now and Then (Beatles song)">Now and Then</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2006134:_"12-Bar_Original",_181:_"Jessie's_Dream",_185–186:_"Christmas_Time_(Is_Here_Again)",_215:_"Los_Paranoias",_236:_"Taking_a_Trip_to_Carolina",_244:_"Suzy_Parker"_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2006134:_"12-Bar_Original",_181:_"Jessie's_Dream",_185–186:_"Christmas_Time_(Is_Here_Again)",_215:_"Los_Paranoias",_236:_"Taking_a_Trip_to_Carolina",_244:_"Suzy_Parker"-297">[285]</a> In a 2003 interview, Starr discussed Harrison's input in his songwriting and said: "I was great at writing two verses and a chorus – I'm still pretty good at that. Finishing songs is not my forte."<a href="#cite_note-Ruttenburg/TimeOutNY-298">[286]</a> Harrison helped Starr complete two of his biggest hit songs, "<a href="/wiki/It_Don%27t_Come_Easy" title="It Don't Come Easy">It Don't Come Easy</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Back_Off_Boogaloo" title="Back Off Boogaloo">Back Off Boogaloo</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Ruttenburg/TimeOutNY-298">[286]</a> although he only accepted a credit for "<a href="/wiki/Photograph_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Photograph (Ringo Starr song)">Photograph</a>", which they wrote together in France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010261-299">[287]</a> Starting with the Ringo album in 1973, Starr shared a songwriting partnership with <a href="/wiki/Vini_Poncia" title="Vini Poncia">Vini Poncia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005244–45-300">[288]</a> One of the pair's first collaborations was "<a href="/wiki/Oh_My_My_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Oh My My (Ringo Starr song)">Oh My My</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005244–45-300">[288]</a> Over half of the songs on Ringo the 4th were Starkey–Poncia compositions, but the partnership produced just two more songs, released on Bad Boy in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005279,_288-301">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Starr met hairdresser <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Starkey_Tigrett" title="Maureen Starkey Tigrett">Maureen Cox</a> in 1962, the same week that he joined the Beatles. They married at <a href="/wiki/Caxton_Hall" title="Caxton Hall">Caxton Hall</a> on 11 February 1965.<a href="#cite_note-:0-302">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[291]</a> Starr's stepfather Harry Graves and fellow Beatles George Harrison and John Lennon were all witnesses, while Beatles manager Brian Epstein served as best man.<a href="#cite_note-:0-302">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[292]</a> Their marriage became the subject of the <a href="/wiki/Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">novelty song</a> "Treat Him Tender, Maureen" by the Chicklettes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005142-305">[293]</a> The couple had three children: <a href="/wiki/Zak_Starkey" title="Zak Starkey">Zak</a> (b. 13 September 1965), Jason (b. 19 August 1967) and Lee (b. 11 November 1970).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004322–325-306">[294]</a> In 1971, Starr purchased Lennon's home <a href="/wiki/Tittenhurst_Park" title="Tittenhurst Park">Tittenhurst Park</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sunninghill,_Berkshire" title="Sunninghill, Berkshire">Sunninghill</a> in Berkshire and moved his family there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman2008615-307">[295]</a> The couple divorced in 1975 following Starr's repeated infidelities, alcoholism, and volatile behavior.<a href="#cite_note-308">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[297]</a> Cox died from <a href="/wiki/Leukaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukaemia">leukaemia</a> at the age of 48 in December 1994.<a href="#cite_note-310">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005362-311">[299]</a> In 1985, he was the first of the Beatles to become a grandfather upon the birth of Zak's daughter Tatia Jayne Starkey.<a href="#cite_note-Name_of_Zak_Starkey's_daughter-312">[300]</a> Zak is also a drummer, and he spent time with <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">the Who</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Keith_Moon" title="Keith Moon">Keith Moon</a> during his father's regular absences;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005281-313">[301]</a> he has performed with his father during some All-Starr Band tours.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005374–375-314">[302]</a> Starr has eight grandchildren: two from Zak, three from Jason, and three from Lee.<a href="#cite_note-315">[303]</a> In 2016, he was the first Beatle to become a great-grandfather.<a href="#cite_note-316">[304]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbara_Bach_-_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Barbara_Bach_-_1978.jpg/170px-Barbara_Bach_-_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Barbara_Bach_-_1978.jpg/255px-Barbara_Bach_-_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Barbara_Bach_-_1978.jpg/340px-Barbara_Bach_-_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Barbara Bach in 1978</figcaption></figure> Starr met actress <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bach" title="Barbara Bach">Barbara Bach</a> in 1980 on the set of the film <a href="/wiki/Caveman_(film)" title="Caveman (film)">Caveman</a>, and they were married at <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Town_Hall" title="Marylebone Town Hall">Marylebone Town Hall</a> on 27 April 1981.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005291–292,_304-317">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[306]</a> Starr and Bach split their time between homes in <a href="/wiki/Cranleigh" title="Cranleigh">Cranleigh</a> in Surrey, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004162-319">[307]</a> He was listed at number 56 in the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times_Rich_List_2011" title="Sunday Times Rich List 2011">Sunday Times Rich List 2011</a> with an estimated personal wealth of £150 million.<a href="#cite_note-320">[308]</a> In 2012, he was estimated to be the wealthiest drummer in the world.<a href="#cite_note-321">[309]</a> In 2014, Starr announced that his 200-acre (81 ha) Surrey estate at Rydinghurst at Cranleigh was for sale, with its <a href="/wiki/Grade_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II">Grade II</a>-listed <a href="/wiki/Jacobean_architecture" title="Jacobean architecture">Jacobean</a> house.<a href="#cite_note-322">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[311]</a> However, he retains a property in the London district of <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea</a> off <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Road" title="King's Road">King's Road</a>, and he and Bach continue to divide their time between <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-324">[312]</a> In December 2015, Starr and Bach auctioned some of their personal and professional items via <a href="/wiki/Julien%27s_Auctions" title="Julien's Auctions">Julien's Auctions</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-Julien/Property-325">[313]</a> The collection included Starr's first <a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Musser" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Musser">Ludwig</a> Black Oyster Pearl drum kit, instruments given to him by Harrison, Lennon, and Marc Bolan,<a href="#cite_note-Julien/Property-325">[313]</a> and a first-pressing copy of the Beatles' White Album numbered "0000001".<a href="#cite_note-326">[314]</a> The auction raised over $9 million,<a href="#cite_note-327">[315]</a> a portion of which was set aside for the Lotus Foundation, a charity founded by Starr and Bach.<a href="#cite_note-328">[316]</a> In 2016, Starr expressed his support for the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union</a>. "I thought the European Union was a great idea," he said, "but I didn't see it going anywhere lately."<a href="#cite_note-329">[317]</a> In 2017, he described his impatience for Britain to "get on with" Brexit, declaring that "to be in control of your country is a good move".<a href="#cite_note-330">[318]</a> In October 2021, Starr was named in the <a href="/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers">Pandora Papers</a>, which alleged secret financial deals among politicians and celebrities using <a href="/wiki/Tax_havens" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax havens">tax havens</a> in an effort to avoid the payment of owed taxes.<a href="#cite_note-331">[319]</a> Starr is a vegetarian. <a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a> confirmed he is allergic to garlic and onions.<a href="#cite_note-332">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maclean/Independent-333">[321]</a> He meditates daily,<a href="#cite_note-variety-334">[322]</a> and his catchphrase and motto for life is "peace and love".<a href="#cite_note-Maclean/Independent-333">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_the_Beatles" title="List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles">List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20110626_102_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_WP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A colour photograph of Starr wearing sunglasses and singing into a microphone. The background is blue and purple." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/20110626_102_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_WP.jpg/250px-20110626_102_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_WP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/20110626_102_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_WP.jpg/330px-20110626_102_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_WP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/20110626_102_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_WP.jpg/500px-20110626_102_All-Starr-Band-in-Paris_Ringo-Starr_WP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Starr performing in Paris, June 2011</figcaption></figure> Starr and the other members of the Beatles were appointed <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Members of the Order of the British Empire</a> (MBE) in the <a href="/wiki/1965_Birthday_Honours" title="1965 Birthday Honours">1965 Birthday Honours</a>;<a href="#cite_note-335">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bruner_(KBE)-336">[324]</a> they received their insignia from Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> at an <a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">investiture</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> on 26 October.<a href="#cite_note-337">[325]</a> He and the other Beatles were collectively nominated for a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Newcomer" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer">BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer</a> for their performances in the 1964 film A Hard Day's Night.<a href="#cite_note-338">[326]</a> In 1971, the Beatles received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> for Best Original Song Score for the film Let It Be.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthallPerry200696-339">[327]</a> The minor planet <a href="/wiki/4150_Starr" title="4150 Starr">4150 Starr</a>, discovered on 31 August 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Brian_A._Skiff" title="Brian A. Skiff">Brian A. Skiff</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Mesa_Station" title="Anderson Mesa Station">Anderson Mesa Station</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory" title="Lowell Observatory">Lowell Observatory</a>, was named in Starr's honour.<a href="#cite_note-Harvard-planet-340">[328]</a> Starr was nominated for a 1989 <a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Daytime Emmy Award">Daytime Emmy Award</a> for Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series for his role as Mr. Conductor in the television series Shining Time Station.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham2009143-341">[329]</a> In 2015, 27 years after he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> as one of the Beatles, Starr became the last Beatle to be inducted for a solo career.<a href="#cite_note-RRHF-342">[330]</a> Unlike the other three Beatles who were inducted within the "Performers" category, Starr was inducted within the "Musical Excellence" category.<a href="#cite_note-343">[331]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/50th_Grammy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="50th Grammy Awards">50th Grammy Awards</a>, Starr, George Martin and his son <a href="/wiki/Giles_Martin" title="Giles Martin">Giles</a> accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for <a href="/wiki/Love_(The_Beatles_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Love (The Beatles album)">Love</a>. On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 <a href="/wiki/World_Music_Awards" title="World Music Awards">World Music Awards</a> ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. On 8 February 2010, he was honoured with the 2,401st star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. It is located at 1750 North Vine Street, in front of the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> building, as are the stars for Lennon, McCartney and Harrison.<a href="#cite_note-344">[332]</a> Starr was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Year_Honours" title="2018 New Year Honours">2018 New Year Honours</a> for services to music.<a href="#cite_note-345">[333]</a> He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by <a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William, Duke of Cambridge">Prince William, Duke of Cambridge</a> on 20 March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-346">[334]</a> In 2022, Starr received an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Music" title="Doctor of Music">Doctor of Music</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a> for his "immeasurable impact on music, film and television, and popular culture".<a href="#cite_note-347">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[336]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_career">Film career</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_filmography" title="Ringo Starr filmography">Ringo Starr filmography</a></div> Starr has received praise from critics and movie industry professionals regarding his acting; director and producer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Shenson" title="Walter Shenson">Walter Shenson</a> called him "a superb actor, an absolute natural".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125-79">[75]</a> By the mid-1960s, Starr had become a connoisseur of film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125,_145-349">[337]</a> In addition to his roles in A Hard Day's Night (1964), Help! (1965), Magical Mystery Tour (1967) and Let It Be (1970), Starr also acted in <a href="/wiki/Candy_(1968_film)" title="Candy (1968 film)">Candy</a> (1968), <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Christian_(film)" title="The Magic Christian (film)">The Magic Christian</a> (1969), <a href="/wiki/Blindman" title="Blindman">Blindman</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Dracula_(1974_film)" title="Son of Dracula (1974 film)">Son of Dracula</a> (1974) and <a href="/wiki/Caveman_(film)" title="Caveman (film)">Caveman</a> (1981).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200499–100:_''Candy'',_244–245:_''The_Magic_Christian'',_88–89:_''Blindman'',_316–317:_''Son_of_Dracula'',_106–108:_''Caveman''-350">[338]</a> In 1971, he starred as Larry the Dwarf in <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>'s <a href="/wiki/200_Motels" title="200 Motels">200 Motels</a> and was featured in Harry Nilsson's animated film <a href="/wiki/The_Point!" title="The Point!">The Point!</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004268:_''The_Point!'',_373:_''200_Motels''-351">[339]</a> He co-starred in <a href="/wiki/That%27ll_Be_the_Day_(film)" title="That'll Be the Day (film)">That'll Be the Day</a> (1973) as a <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Teddy Boy">Teddy Boy</a> and appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Waltz" title="The Last Waltz">The Last Waltz</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> documentary film about the 1976 farewell concert of <a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">the Band</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004235:_''The_Last_Waltz'',_331:_''That'll_Be_the_Day''-352">[340]</a> Starr played the Pope in <a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lisztomania_(film)" title="Lisztomania (film)">Lisztomania</a> (1975), and a fictionalised version of himself in McCartney's <a href="/wiki/Give_My_Regards_to_Broad_Street_(film)" title="Give My Regards to Broad Street (film)">Give My Regards to Broad Street</a> in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004206:_''Give_My_Regards_to_Broad_Street'',_236:_''Lisztomania''-353">[341]</a> Starr appeared as himself and a downtrodden alter-ego Ognir Rrats in <a href="/wiki/Ringo_(1978_film)" title="Ringo (1978 film)">Ringo</a> (1978), an American-made television comedy film based loosely on <a href="/wiki/The_Prince_and_the_Pauper" title="The Prince and the Pauper">The Prince and the Pauper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004281–282:_''The_Prince_and_the_Pauper''-354">[342]</a> For the 1979 documentary film on the Who, <a href="/wiki/The_Kids_Are_Alright_(1979_film)" title="The Kids Are Alright (1979 film)">The Kids Are Alright</a>, Starr appeared in interview segments with fellow drummer Keith Moon.<a href="#cite_note-355">[343]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_discography" title="Ringo Starr discography">Ringo Starr discography</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_albums_discography" title="The Beatles albums discography">The Beatles albums discography</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_singles_discography" title="The Beatles singles discography">The Beatles singles discography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Ringo_Starr" title="List of songs recorded by Ringo Starr">List of songs recorded by Ringo Starr</a></div> Since the breakup of the Beatles, Starr has released 21 solo studio albums:<a href="#cite_note-356">[344]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sentimental_Journey_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Sentimental Journey (Ringo Starr album)">Sentimental Journey</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaucoups_of_Blues" title="Beaucoups of Blues">Beaucoups of Blues</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_(album)" title="Ringo (album)">Ringo</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodnight_Vienna" title="Goodnight Vienna">Goodnight Vienna</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo%27s_Rotogravure" title="Ringo's Rotogravure">Ringo's Rotogravure</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_the_4th" title="Ringo the 4th">Ringo the 4th</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Boy_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Bad Boy (Ringo Starr album)">Bad Boy</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_and_Smell_the_Roses_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Stop and Smell the Roses (Ringo Starr album)">Stop and Smell the Roses</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Wave" title="Old Wave">Old Wave</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Takes_Time" title="Time Takes Time">Time Takes Time</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_Man" title="Vertical Man">Vertical Man</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Be_Santa_Claus" title="I Wanna Be Santa Claus">I Wanna Be Santa Claus</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Rama" title="Ringo Rama">Ringo Rama</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choose_Love_(album)" title="Choose Love (album)">Choose Love</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_8" title="Liverpool 8">Liverpool 8</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Not" title="Y Not">Y Not</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_2012" title="Ringo 2012">Ringo 2012</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_Paradise" title="Postcards from Paradise">Postcards from Paradise</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_More_Love" title="Give More Love">Give More Love</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_My_Name_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="What's My Name (Ringo Starr album)">What's My Name</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Up_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Look Up (Ringo Starr album)">Look Up</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_the_Boys" title="Postcards from the Boys">Postcards from the Boys</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus%27s_Garden_(book)" title="Octopus's Garden (book)">Octopus's Garden</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_(book)" title="Photograph (book)">Photograph</a> (2015)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Beatles" title="Outline of the Beatles">Outline of the Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">The Beatles timeline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Starr had first drummed with the Texans on 25 March 1959, at the Mardi Gras club in Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Of the nine <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">78-rpm discs</a> that were cut, only one is known to have survived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199223-52">[51]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Starr sat in for an ill Pete Best during two shows on 5 February 1962.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004110-56">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Martin chose 4 September version of "Love Me Do" with Starr on drums for the A-side and 11 September recording of "P.S. I Love You" with Starr on maracas for the B-side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259-58">[55]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Epstein then accompanied Nicol to the Melbourne airport where he gave him a cheque and a gold Eterna-Matic wrist watch inscribed: "From the Beatles and Brian Epstein to Jimmy – with appreciation and gratitude."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004255-88">[84]</a> Starr had his tonsils removed later that year during a Christmas holiday.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004111-89">[85]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Starr offered no suggestions for inclusion on the album's historic front cover.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005160-104">[99]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> In November that year, Starr's hit singles and other tracks were compiled on the greatest-hits collection <a href="/wiki/Blast_from_Your_Past" title="Blast from Your Past">Blast from Your Past</a>, which was the last album released by Apple Records.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200487–88-148">[142]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> From 1981 onwards, Starr also worked on McCartney's solo recordings for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000263-173">[166]</a> With Martin producing the sessions, Starr's playing appeared on the McCartney albums <a href="/wiki/Tug_of_War_(Paul_McCartney_album)" title="Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)">Tug of War</a> (1982),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadman2001280,_300-174">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pipes_of_Peace" title="Pipes of Peace">Pipes of Peace</a> (1983) and <a href="/wiki/Give_My_Regards_to_Broad_Street" title="Give My Regards to Broad Street">Give My Regards to Broad Street</a> (1984).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000270,_277-175">[168]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Starr experienced his first <a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">alcoholic blackout</a> at the age of nine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200524-190">[182]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> Since the early 1990s, Starr has continued to issue live albums from his All-Starr Band tours.<a href="#cite_note-Erlewine/Liverpool8-197">[188]</a> Among these releases are <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_All_Starr_Band_Volume_2:_Live_from_Montreux" title="Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux">Live from Montreux</a> (1993)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000648–49-198">[189]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Greek_Theatre_2008" title="Live at the Greek Theatre 2008">Live at the Greek Theatre</a> (2008).<a href="#cite_note-199">[190]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> In the video, posted on 10 October 2008, Starr told fans that he was too busy and would not be signing autographs after 20 October.<a href="#cite_note-225">[215]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> "What Goes On" was a pre-Beatles Lennon song to which McCartney added a middle eight in an effort to provide Starr a lead vocal on Rubber Soul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005147-95">[90]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC-b00g4c59-1"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-b00g4c59_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00g4c59">"Ringo Starr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(radio_programme)" title="Front Row (radio programme)">Front Row</a>. 31 December 2008. BBC Radio 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924084028/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00g4c59">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Front+Row&rft.date=2008-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb00g4c59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAS-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlans" class="citation web cs1">Flans, Robyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707132204/http://www.pas.org/About/the-society/halloffame/StarrRingo.aspx">"Ringo Starr"</a>. PAS Hall of Fame. Percussive Arts Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pas.org/About/the-society/halloffame/StarrRingo.aspx">the original</a> on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PAS+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr&rft.aulast=Flans&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pas.org%2FAbout%2Fthe-society%2Fhalloffame%2FStarrRingo.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997280-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997280_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 280. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moderndrummer.com/modern-drummers-readers-poll-archive/#_">"Modern Drummer's Readers Poll Archive, 1979–2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Modern_Drummer" title="Modern Drummer">Modern Drummer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150821222429/http://www.moderndrummer.com/modern-drummers-readers-poll-archive/#_">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Modern+Drummer&rft.atitle=Modern+Drummer%27s+Readers+Poll+Archive%2C+1979%E2%80%932014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moderndrummer.com%2Fmodern-drummers-readers-poll-archive%2F%23_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217154623/http://radio.com/2014/12/16/green-day-joan-jett-ringo-starr-lead-rock-hall-2015-inductees/">"2015 Rock Hall inductees"</a>. Radio.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radio.com/2014/12/16/green-day-joan-jett-ringo-starr-lead-rock-hall-2015-inductees">the original</a> on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+Rock+Hall+inductees&rft.pub=Radio.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradio.com%2F2014%2F12%2F16%2Fgreen-day-joan-jett-ringo-starr-lead-rock-hall-2015-inductees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/arise-sir-ringo-beatles-drringo-starr-has-received-his-knighthood-2270049">"Arise, Sir Ringo! Beatles drummer Ringo Starr receives knighthood"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Arise%2C+Sir+Ringo%21+Beatles+drummer+Ringo+Starr+receives+knighthood&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Farise-sir-ringo-beatles-drringo-starr-has-received-his-knighthood-2270049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="2" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/ringo-starr-306872">"Ringo Starr Biography"</a>. Biography.com. 2 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413073524/http://www.biography.com/people/ringo-starr-306872">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ringo+Starr+Biography&rft.pub=Biography.com&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fringo-starr-306872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 15–16: Born at 9 Madryn Street, parent's occupations; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 142; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 332–333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332–333-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332–333_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 332–333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005333–334-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005333–334_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005333–334_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 333–334. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 17: Moving to 10 Admiral Grove in an effort to reduce their rent payments; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 142: his parents separated; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 334: divorced within the year. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 142: Visiting as few as three times thereafter; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 334: "no real memories" of his father. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005334–335-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005334–335_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 334–335. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 21; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 336–337. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 21; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, pp. 143–144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005337-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005337_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005337_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 337. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 337: a feeling of alienation at school; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 145: Sefton Park. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 17: His surrogate sister Marie Maguire; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 332–339: tuberculosis and the sanatorium. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 36: (primary source); <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 338–339: (secondary source). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005339-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005339_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 339. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200036-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200036_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 22–23: classmates nicknamed Starr "Lazarus"; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, pp. 145–147: <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Leadership_Academy_Liverpool" title="King's Leadership Academy Liverpool">Dingle Vale</a> Secondary Modern; <a href="#CITEREFGould2007">Gould 2007</a>, p. 125: St Silas primary school. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200523-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200523_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005336–339-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005336–339_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 336–339. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn201370-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn201370_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn2013">Lewisohn 2013</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005340-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005340_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 340. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009146-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2009146_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005332_28-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 332. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 16; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 141; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 332–335. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005335-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005335_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 335. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGould2007">Gould 2007</a>, p. 125: his return from the sanatorium in 1955; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 340–341. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 36: (primary source); <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 340: (secondary source). </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 36: (primary source); <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 340–341: (secondary source). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr2015Chapter_2-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarr2015Chapter_2_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStarr2015">Starr 2015</a>, Chapter 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341_35-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 341. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341–342-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005341–342_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 341–342. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005342-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005342_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005342_37-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 342. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 37–38: The UK skiffle craze succumbed to American rock and roll by early 1958 <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 45: Starr joined Storm's band in November 1959; <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 58: Starr joined Storm's band in November 1959; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 324, 341–343. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 44; <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 44–45; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 324, 341–343. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 57–58: (secondary source); <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 324, 341–345: (secondary source); <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 39: (primary source). </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 50; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199258-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199258_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 54–55; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 150; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 245–246. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009150-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2009150_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 54; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 63: Starr first met the Beatles in Hamburg; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, pp. 150–151: Starr first met the Beatles in Hamburg; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 302: Bruno Koschmider; <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 23: arriving in Hamburg on 1 October 1960. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 62: the Hurricanes were paid more than the Beatles; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 302: the Hurricanes were given top-billing over the Beatles. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 63: Starr recording with the Beatles for the first time; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 151: Starr performed with the Beatles during a few stand-in engagements while in Hamburg; <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 23: Starr recording with the Beatles for the first time. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199223-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199223_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 69; <a href="#CITEREFGould2007">Gould 2007</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 58: A second season with the Hurricanes at Butlins; <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 81–82: Starr quit the Hurricanes and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg; <a href="#CITEREFGould2007">Gould 2007</a>, p. 126: Starr quit the Hurricanes and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004110-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004110_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004110_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199259_58-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009137-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2009137_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 87; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 110; <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 88–89: Harrison received a black eye; <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 138: Epstein hired a bodyguard; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 110 (tertiary source). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett2001126-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett2001126_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEverett2001">Everett 2001</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004367–368-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004367–368_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 367–368. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLatson2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Latson, Jennifer (11 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3270136/love-me-do-1962/">"Ringo Starr's Sad Tambourine Moment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603191212/https://time.com/3270136/love-me-do-1962/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr%27s+Sad+Tambourine+Moment&rft.date=2014-09-11&rft.aulast=Latson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3270136%2Flove-me-do-1962%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009163-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2009163_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200596-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200596_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200589,_147-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200589,_147_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 89, 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005105-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005105_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005105_69-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200594-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200594_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005112-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005112_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005112_71-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199288-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199288_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199293,_136–137-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199293,_136–137_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, pp. 93, 136–137. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 119: "we're ordinary lads"; <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 123: "I'd made it as a personality." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005122-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005122_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005122_75-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly" class="citation news cs1">O'Reilly, Terry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/radio/undertheinfluence/summer-series-bookmarks-2016-1.3612090">"Bookmarks 2016"</a>. Under the Influence. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111221312/http://www.cbc.ca/radio/undertheinfluence/summer-series-bookmarks-2016-1.3612090">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Under+the+Influence&rft.atitle=Bookmarks+2016&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fradio%2Fundertheinfluence%2Fsummer-series-bookmarks-2016-1.3612090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005123-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005123_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005124–125-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005124–125_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 124–125. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125_79-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005124-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005124_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005148-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005148_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 148. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005128-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005128_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005127–128-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005127–128_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 127–128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992160–161-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992160–161_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, pp. 160–161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005128–130-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005128–130_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 128–130. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabiuk2002132-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabiuk2002132_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBabiuk2002">Babiuk 2002</a>, p. 132. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992160–163-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992160–163_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, pp. 160–163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004255-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004255_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004111-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004111_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 111. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRhythm2012" class="citation news cs1">Rhythm, Johnny (9 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/blogcritics/article/The-Beatles-Many-Drummers-3776938.php">"The Beatles' Many Drummers"</a>. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120817041745/http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/blogcritics/article/The-Beatles-Many-Drummers-3776938.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Post-Intelligencer&rft.atitle=The+Beatles%27+Many+Drummers&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft.aulast=Rhythm&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattlepi.com%2Flifestyle%2Fblogcritics%2Farticle%2FThe-Beatles-Many-Drummers-3776938.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGould2007">Gould 2007</a>, p. 252: Meeting Dylan in August; <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 137 Starr was the first Beatle to smoke cannabis. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004333–334-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004333–334_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 333–334. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005139–140-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005139–140_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 139–140. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005147-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005147_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005147_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005147_95-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992350-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992350_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 350. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005159-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005159_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 152; <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, pp. 210, 230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005152-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005152_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005142–144-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005142–144_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 142–144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005143–144-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005143–144_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 143–144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005159–161,_179-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005159–161,_179_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 159–161, 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005160–161-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005160–161_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 160–161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005160-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005160_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005161–162-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005161–162_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 161–162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005161-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005161_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005166-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005166_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005166–168-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005166–168_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 166–168. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005175–176-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005175–176_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 175–176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2007510-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2007510_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGould2007">Gould 2007</a>, p. 510. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000705–706-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000705–706_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2000">Harry 2000</a>, pp. 705–706. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000108–109-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000108–109_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2000">Harry 2000</a>, pp. 108–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEverett2001">Everett 2001</a>, pp. 206–207: "Don't Pass Me By"; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 187: "Don't Pass Me By" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2007463–468-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2007463–468_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGould2007">Gould 2007</a>, pp. 463–468. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 171: (secondary source); <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 284: (primary source). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992283–304-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992283–304_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, pp. 283–304. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005182–184-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005182–184_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005182–184_118-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 182–184. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 183–184; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 259–260. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEverett2001">Everett 2001</a>, pp. 254–255: "Octopus's Garden"; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 259–260: "Octopus's Garden" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992295–296-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992295–296_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, pp. 295–296. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000312-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000312_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005189–192-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005189–192_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 189–192. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992331-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992331_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, p. 331. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman2008622–624-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorman2008622–624_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNorman2008">Norman 2008</a>, pp. 622–624. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992341,_349-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1992341,_349_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1992">Lewisohn 1992</a>, pp. 341, 349. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009120–22,_133-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009120–22,_133_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, pp. 120–22, 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 311–312: Sentimental Journey; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: peak UK chart position for Sentimental Journey; <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2010">Rodriguez 2010</a>, pp. 22–23: peak UK chart position for Sentimental Journey. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004311–12-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004311–12_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 311–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham2009139-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham2009139_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIngham2009">Ingham 2009</a>, p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham2009139–40-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham2009139–40_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIngham2009">Ingham 2009</a>, pp. 139–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpizer200534,_222,_254,_264,_343-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpizer200534,_222,_254,_264,_343_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpizer2005">Spizer 2005</a>, pp. 34, 222, 254, 264, 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2000">Harry 2000</a>, pp. 298–300: the Concert for Bangladesh; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: peak UK chart position for "It Don't Come Easy"; <a href="#CITEREFWhitburn2010">Whitburn 2010</a>, p. 620: peak US chart position for "It Don't Come Easy" </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: "Back Off Boogaloo" peak UK chart position; <a href="#CITEREFSpizer2005">Spizer 2005</a>, p. 297: produced and co-written by Harrison; <a href="#CITEREFWhitburn2010">Whitburn 2010</a>, p. 620: peak US chart positions for "Back Off Boogaloo". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200491–93-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry200491–93_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 91–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2002">Harry 2002</a>, p. 933: "You're Sixteen"; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 268: "Photograph"; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 372: "You're Sixteen"; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: peak UK chart position for "Photograph" and "You're Sixteen"; <a href="#CITEREFWhitburn2010">Whitburn 2010</a>, p. 620: peak US chart positions for "Photograph" and "You're Sixteen". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004372-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004372_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 372. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004281–282-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004281–282_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 281–282. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004260:_"Oh_My_My"-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004260:_"Oh_My_My"_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 260: "Oh My My". </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: peak UK chart positions for "Oh My My" and Ringo; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 280: peak US chart position for Ringo. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009207–08-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009207–08_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, pp. 207–08. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 206–207: Goodnight Vienna; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: peak UK chart position for Goodnight Vienna. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 206–207: Goodnight Vienna; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 262: "Only You"; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 257; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: peak UK chart position for Goodnight Vienna, "Only You" and "No No Song". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000508-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000508_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, p. 508. </li> <li id="cite_note-:202-145"><a href="#cite_ref-:202_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShipton2013" class="citation book cs1">Shipton, Alyn (2013). Nilsson: The Life of a Singer-Songwriter (First ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 379, 381, 381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-026354-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-026354-6"><bdi>978-0-19-026354-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nilsson%3A+The+Life+of+a+Singer-Songwriter&rft.pages=379%2C+381%2C+381&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-026354-6&rft.aulast=Shipton&rft.aufirst=Alyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004180–181-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004180–181_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004180–181_146-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 180–181. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004279–280-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004279–280_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 279–280. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200487–88-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry200487–88_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 87–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004280-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004280_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 280. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004295-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004295_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004295_151-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004295_151-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 295. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009237-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009237_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, p. 237. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010196-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010196_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2010">Rodriguez 2010</a>, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-Starr2016-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Starr2016_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starr2016_154-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Seth_Starr2016" class="citation book cs1">Michael Seth Starr (1 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANGGDwAAQBAJ">Ringo: With a Little Help</a>. Backbeat. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-632-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-632-0"><bdi>978-1-61713-632-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ringo%3A+With+a+Little+Help&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Backbeat&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.isbn=978-1-61713-632-0&rft.au=Michael+Seth+Starr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANGGDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEED-155"><a href="#cite_ref-MEED_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ceVHAAAAYAAJ">Middle East Economic Digest</a>. Economic East Economic Digest, Limited. 1982. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Economic+Digest&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Economic+East+Economic+Digest%2C+Limited&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DceVHAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shipton2013-156"><a href="#cite_ref-Shipton2013_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShipton2013" class="citation book cs1">Shipton, Alyn (8 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QZceAAAAQBAJ">Nilsson: The Life of a Singer-Songwriter</a>. OUP USA. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975657-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975657-5"><bdi>978-0-19-975657-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nilsson%3A+The+Life+of+a+Singer-Songwriter&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=2013-08-08&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975657-5&rft.aulast=Shipton&rft.aufirst=Alyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQZceAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willetts2013-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Willetts2013_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilletts2013" class="citation book cs1">Willetts, Paul (4 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4OzLy7oujH0C">The Look of Love: The Life and Times of Paul Raymond, Soho's King of Clubs</a>. Profile Books. p. 303. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84765-994-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84765-994-1"><bdi>978-1-84765-994-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Look+of+Love%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Paul+Raymond%2C+Soho%27s+King+of+Clubs&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft.isbn=978-1-84765-994-1&rft.aulast=Willetts&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4OzLy7oujH0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000510-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000510_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, p. 510. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005264-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005264_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 264. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 269: Starr promoted the release heavily; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: peak UK chart positions for "A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll", "Hey! Baby" and Ringo's Rotogravure. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010186-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010186_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2010">Rodriguez 2010</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004294–295-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004294–295_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 294–295. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 294–295: peak US chart position for Ringo the 4th; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479 Ringo the 4th failed to chart in the UK. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 14–15: peak US chart position for Bad Boy; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: Bad Boy failed to chart in the UK. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia - Bill Harry </li> <li id="cite_note-airmail.net-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-airmail.net_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-airmail.net_166-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-airmail.net_166-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418075934/http://web2.airmail.net/gshultz/bio2.html">"Ringo Starr Biography - After The Beatles"</a>. web2.airmail.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web2.airmail.net/gshultz/bio2.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web2.airmail.net&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Biography+-+After+The+Beatles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb2.airmail.net%2Fgshultz%2Fbio2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080307/http://www.liketotally80s.com/2016/08/john-lennon-ringo-starr-1980s-timeline/">"John Lennon and Ringo Starr in the 1980s: A Timeline"</a>. 16 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liketotally80s.com/2016/08/john-lennon-ringo-starr-1980s-timeline/">the original</a> on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Lennon+and+Ringo+Starr+in+the+1980s%3A+A+Timeline&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liketotally80s.com%2F2016%2F08%2Fjohn-lennon-ringo-starr-1980s-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009273-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009273_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeorge-Warren2001">George-Warren 2001</a>, p. 414; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2003">Harry 2003</a>, pp. 17–18; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 227: peak UK chart position for "All Those Years Ago"; <a href="#CITEREFWhitburn2010">Whitburn 2010</a>, p. 288: peak US chart position for "All Those Years Ago". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004326–327-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004326–327_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004326–327_170-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 326–327. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 369: peak US chart position for "Wrack My Brain"; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 479: "Wrack My Brain" failed to chart in the UK. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005301-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005301_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 301. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000263-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000263_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, p. 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadman2001280,_300-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadman2001280,_300_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBadman2001">Badman 2001</a>, pp. 280, 300. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000270,_277-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000270,_277_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, pp. 270, 277. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000522-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000522_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, p. 522. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009283-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009283_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, p. 283. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000525–26-179"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000525–26_179-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, pp. 525–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004322-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004322_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 322. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004314-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004314_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 314. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004328-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004328_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 328. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadman2001359–60-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadman2001359–60_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBadman2001">Badman 2001</a>, pp. 359–60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009292-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009292_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, p. 292. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000470–71-185"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000470–71_185-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, pp. 470–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2003304–305-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2003304–305_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2003">Harry 2003</a>, pp. 304–305. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadman2001402-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadman2001402_187-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBadman2001">Badman 2001</a>, p. 402. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004135-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004135_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 135. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009297–98-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009297–98_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, pp. 297–98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200524-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200524_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005337–41-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005337–41_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 337–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004136-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004136_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009298-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoggett2009298_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, p. 298. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry20047-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry20047_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry20047_195-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005345-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005345_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 345. </li> <li id="cite_note-Erlewine/Liverpool8-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erlewine/Liverpool8_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erlewine/Liverpool8_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErlewine" class="citation web cs1">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/liverpool-8-mw0000781146">"Liverpool 8 – Ringo Starr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003632/https://www.allmusic.com/album/liverpool-8-mw0000781146">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Liverpool+8+%E2%80%93+Ringo+Starr&rft.aulast=Erlewine&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fliverpool-8-mw0000781146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000648–49-198"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000648–49_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, pp. 648–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErlewine" class="citation web cs1">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-the-greek-theatre-2008-mw0002013992">"Ringo Starr/Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Live at the Greek Theatre 2008"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160225084024/http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-the-greek-theatre-2008-mw0002013992">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr%2FRingo+Starr+and+His+All+Starr+Band+Live+at+the+Greek+Theatre+2008&rft.aulast=Erlewine&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Flive-at-the-greek-theatre-2008-mw0002013992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004226-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004226_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 226. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004315–316:_"Brush_with_Greatness",_178:_''Curly_Sue''_and_"You_Never_Know"-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004315–316:_"Brush_with_Greatness",_178:_''Curly_Sue''_and_"You_Never_Know"_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 315–316: "Brush with Greatness", 178: Curly Sue and "You Never Know". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004334–337-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004334–337_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 334–337. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000534–35-204"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000534–35_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, pp. 534–35. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/14301/ringo%20starr/">"Ringo Starr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505012525/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/14301/ringo%20starr/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ringo+Starr&rft.pub=Official+Charts+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fartist%2F14301%2Fringo%2520starr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett1999286-206"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett1999286_206-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEverett1999">Everett 1999</a>, p. 286. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2000">Harry 2000</a>, p. 428; <a href="#CITEREFEverett1999">Everett 1999</a>, pp. 287–292. </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoggett2009">Doggett 2009</a>, p. 319: Harrison refusing to record a third song; <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2005">Roberts 2005</a>, p. 54: release date for "Real Love". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004236:_"Little_Willow";_275:_"Really_Love_You"-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004236:_"Little_Willow";_275:_"Really_Love_You"_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 236: "Little Willow"; 275: "Really Love You". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004358-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004358_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 358. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000568-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000568_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, p. 568. </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091117234935/http://www.pas.org/experience/halloffame.aspx">"Percussive Arts Society: Hall of Fame"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pas.org/experience/halloffame.aspx">the original</a> on 17 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Percussive+Arts+Society%3A+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pas.org%2Fexperience%2Fhalloffame.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2003138–139-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2003138–139_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2003">Harry 2003</a>, pp. 138–139. </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/71858/hot-product">"Hot Product: 'Rama' Lama Ding Dong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. 24 March 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505044617/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/71858/hot-product">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Hot+Product%3A+%27Rama%27+Lama+Ding+Dong&rft.date=2003-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F71858%2Fhot-product&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807061438/http://www.tourdates.co.uk/news/2008-ringo-starr-forms-new-label">"Ringo Starr Forms New Label"</a>. Tourdates.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourdates.co.uk/news/2008-ringo-starr-forms-new-label">the original</a> on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ringo+Starr+Forms+New+Label&rft.pub=Tourdates.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourdates.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2008-ringo-starr-forms-new-label&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004241-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004241_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 241. </li> <li id="cite_note-'Starr'_helps_NORAD_track_Santa-217"><a href="#cite_ref-'Starr'_helps_NORAD_track_Santa_217-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2003" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Phillips, Michael (2 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123006125">"'Starr' helps NORAD track Santa"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved 1 August 2014. <q>This charity fund, which is in support of the David Lynch Foundation, teaches Transcendental Meditation and other stress-reducing techniques to at-risk populations suffering from chronic stress and stress-related disorders that fuel crime, violence and costly medical expenditures.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Make+Ringo+Starr%27s+Birthday+Wish+Come+True+%E2%80%93+Post+a+Peace+Sign+Selfie+For+a+Good+Cause%21&rft.aulast=Faure&rft.aufirst=Tiffany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.instyle.com%2F2014%2F07%2F07%2Fmake-ringo-starrs-birthday-wish-come-true-post-a-peace-sign-selfie-for-a-good-cause%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwd-236"><a href="#cite_ref-wwd_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTran2014" class="citation web cs1">Tran, Khanh T. 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Retrieved 4 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=Former+Beatle+Ringo+Starr+amongst+winners+at+GQ+awards&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fshowbiz-news%2Fformer-beatle-ringo-starr-amongst-7711508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShanahan2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Shanahan, Rob (9 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/ringo-starr-postcards-from-paradise-20150331">"Ringo's still smiling after five decades of rock & roll life"</a>. Rolling Stone. 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Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Ringo%27s+still+smiling+after+five+decades+of+rock+%26+roll+life&rft.issue=1232&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft.aulast=Shanahan&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Falbumreviews%2Fringo-starr-postcards-from-paradise-20150331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinograd2015" class="citation journal cs1">Winograd, Jeremy (28 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/ringo-starr-postcards-from-paradise">"Ringo Starr: Postcards from Paradise"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slant+Magazine&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr%3A+Postcards+from+Paradise&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft.aulast=Winograd&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slantmagazine.com%2Fmusic%2Freview%2Fringo-starr-postcards-from-paradise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2016/01/ringo_starr_to_kick_off_2016_tour_at_lakeview_amphitheater_in_syracuse.html">"Ringo Starr to kick off 2016 tour at Lakeview Amphitheater in Syracuse"</a>. syracuse.com. 25 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160126100756/http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2016/01/ringo_starr_to_kick_off_2016_tour_at_lakeview_amphitheater_in_syracuse.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=syracuse.com&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+to+kick+off+2016+tour+at+Lakeview+Amphitheater+in+Syracuse&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syracuse.com%2Fentertainment%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F01%2Fringo_starr_to_kick_off_2016_tour_at_lakeview_amphitheater_in_syracuse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RS070717-241"><a href="#cite_ref-RS070717_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKreps2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Kreps, Daniel (7 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/ringo-starr-announces-all-star-new-lp-give-more-love-w491314">"Ringo Starr Announces All-Star New LP 'Give More Love'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. 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Retrieved 9 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Reveals+New+Album+Details%2C+Celebrates+77th+Birthday+With+David+Lynch%2C+Joe+Walsh%2C+Jenny+Lewis&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft.aulast=Marinucci&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2017%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fringo-starr-new-album-birthday-peace-love-capitol-records-tower-1202489752%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jambase.com/article/ringo-starr-whats-my-name-album">"Ringo Starr Announces New Album 'What's My Name' & Shares Single"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JamBase&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Announces+New+Album+%27What%27s+My+Name%27+%26+Shares+Single&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jambase.com%2Farticle%2Fringo-starr-whats-my-name-album&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/9414279/ringo-starr-big-birthday-show-how-to-watch">"How to Watch Ringo Starr's 'Big Birthday Show' Featuring Paul McCartney, Gary Clark Jr. & More"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=How+to+Watch+Ringo+Starr%27s+%27Big+Birthday+Show%27+Featuring+Paul+McCartney%2C+Gary+Clark+Jr.+%26+More&rft.date=2020-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Frock%2F9414279%2Fringo-starr-big-birthday-show-how-to-watch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBest_Classic_Bands_Staff2020" class="citation web cs1">Best Classic Bands Staff (18 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestclassicbands.com/ringo-starr-new-song-mccartney-12-18-20/">"Ringo Starr's Great New Song, Featuring Paul McCartney: Watch"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201221040602/https://bestclassicbands.com/ringo-starr-new-song-mccartney-12-18-20/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2020. 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Retrieved 7 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Can%27t+Bring+Himself+to+Practice+Alone&rft.date=2021-03-16&rft.aulast=Light&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fa35842463%2Fringo-starr-interview-zoom-in-ep-taylor-swift-here-comes-the-sun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWomack2021" class="citation news cs1">Womack, Kenneth (24 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2021/09/24/ringo-starrs-mission-to-change-the-world/">"Ringo Starr's mission to "Change the World""</a>. 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Retrieved 28 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+and+His+All+Starr+Band+Finally+Set+to+Return+to+the+Road+This+Spring&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft.aulast=Blistein&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fringo-starr-all-starr-band-tour-dates-2022-1296038%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeters2022" class="citation cs2">Peters, Mitchell (11 June 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/ringo-starr-all-star-band-tour-postponed-covid-19-1235086108/">"Ringo Starr Postpones Summer Tour Dates After All Starr Band Members Test Positive for COVID-19"</a>, Billboard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003123911/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/ringo-starr-all-star-band-tour-postponed-covid-19-1235086108/">archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022, retrieved 3 October 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Postpones+Summer+Tour+Dates+After+All+Starr+Band+Members+Test+Positive+for+COVID-19&rft.date=2022-06-11&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fringo-starr-all-star-band-tour-postponed-covid-19-1235086108%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThania2022" class="citation news cs1">Thania, Garcia (2 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2022/music/news/ringo-starr-cancels-concert-illness-1235390736/">"Ringo Starr Cancels Concert Due to Illness"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003122925/https://variety.com/2022/music/news/ringo-starr-cancels-concert-illness-1235390736/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Cancels+Concert+Due+to+Illness&rft.date=2022-10-02&rft.aulast=Thania&rft.aufirst=Garcia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2022%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fringo-starr-cancels-concert-illness-1235390736%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2022/1003/1326930-ringo-starr-gigs-cancelled-as-former-beale-gets-covid/">"Ringo Starr gigs cancelled as former Beatle gets Covid"</a>. RTÉ. 3 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004154402/https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2022/1003/1326930-ringo-starr-gigs-cancelled-as-former-beale-gets-covid/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+gigs+cancelled+as+former+Beatle+gets+Covid&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fentertainment%2F2022%2F1003%2F1326930-ringo-starr-gigs-cancelled-as-former-beale-gets-covid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63121692">"Ringo Starr cancels North American tour after catching Covid"</a>. BBC News. 3 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003232334/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63121692">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+cancels+North+American+tour+after+catching+Covid&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-63121692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/ringo-starr-ep3-four-new-tracks/">"Ringo Starr Announces 'EP3' For September, Featuring Four New Tracks"</a>. uDiscoverMusic. 29 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172228/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/ringo-starr-ep3-four-new-tracks/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022. 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Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Beatles&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+and+His+All+Starr+Band+Announce+Spring+2023+Tour&rft.date=2023-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebeatles.com%2Fringo-starr-and-his-all-starr-band-announce-spring-2023-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFdella_Cava2023" class="citation web cs1">della Cava, Marco (18 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2023/05/18/ringo-all-starr-band-2023-tour-beatles/70230041007/">"Ringo Starr will keep on drumming, but forget about a memoir: 'I'm not doing a book'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819225559/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2023/05/18/ringo-all-starr-band-2023-tour-beatles/70230041007/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+will+keep+on+drumming%2C+but+forget+about+a+memoir%3A+%27I%27m+not+doing+a+book%27&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft.aulast=della+Cava&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2023%2F05%2F18%2Fringo-all-starr-band-2023-tour-beatles%2F70230041007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRolli2023" class="citation web cs1">Rolli, Bryan (8 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultimateclassicrock.com/ringo-starr-fall-2023-tour/">"Ringo Starr's All Starr Band Announces Fall 2023 Tour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate Classic Rock">Ultimate Classic Rock</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230823030425/https://ultimateclassicrock.com/ringo-starr-fall-2023-tour/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ultimate+Classic+Rock&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr%27s+All+Starr+Band+Announces+Fall+2023+Tour&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Rolli&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fultimateclassicrock.com%2Fringo-starr-fall-2023-tour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRolli2023" class="citation web cs1">Rolli, Bryan (22 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultimateclassicrock.com/ringo-starr-rewind-forward-ep/">"Ringo Starr Announces Next EP, 'Rewind Forward'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate Classic Rock">Ultimate Classic Rock</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822220753/https://ultimateclassicrock.com/ringo-starr-rewind-forward-ep/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2023. 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Retrieved 25 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Goes+Cowboy+for+New+Roots+Music+Album+%27Look+Up%27&rft.date=2024-10-18&rft.aulast=Hudak&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-country%2Fringo-starr-country-album-look-up-1235136122%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005343–344-261"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005343–344_261-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 343–344. </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 36: influenced by country artists (primary source); <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 20: influenced by country artists (secondary source); <a href="#CITEREFEverett2001">Everett 2001</a>, p. 119: influenced by country artists (secondary source); <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 343–344: influenced by jazz drummers <a href="/wiki/Chico_Hamilton" title="Chico Hamilton">Chico Hamilton</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200542-263">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200542_263-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200542_263-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Beatles2000">The Beatles 2000</a>, p. 36: (primary source); <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 40: (secondary source). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200520-265"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200520_265-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson200576-266"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson200576_266-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005113-267"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005113_267-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200444-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry200444_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry200444_268-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/rolling-stone-readers-pick-best-drummers-of-all-time-20110208/5-ringo-starr-0875383">"Rolling Stone Readers Pick Best Drummers of All Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. 8 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624034914/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/rolling-stone-readers-pick-best-drummers-of-all-time-20110208/5-ringo-starr-0875383">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Rolling+Stone+Readers+Pick+Best+Drummers+of+All+Time&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fpictures%2Frolling-stone-readers-pick-best-drummers-of-all-time-20110208%2F5-ringo-starr-0875383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005348-270"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005348_270-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, p. 348. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000499-271"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadingerEaster2000499_271-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMadingerEaster2000">Madinger & Easter 2000</a>, p. 499. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201079-272">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201079_272-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201079_272-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2010">Rodriguez 2010</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEder" class="citation web cs1">Eder, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jim-keltner-mn0000849333">"Jim Keltner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144025/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jim-keltner-mn0000849333">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Jim+Keltner&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fjim-keltner-mn0000849333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradley" class="citation web cs1">Bradley, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arrivewithouttravelling.com/blog/f/they-loom-large-in-his-legend---ringos-drums">""They loom large in his legend..." - Ringo's drums"</a>. Arrive Without Travelling. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arrive+Without+Travelling&rft.atitle=%22They+loom+large+in+his+legend...%22+-+Ringo%27s+drums&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farrivewithouttravelling.com%2Fblog%2Ff%2Fthey-loom-large-in-his-legend---ringos-drums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStarr" class="citation web cs1">Starr, Ringo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masterclass.com/classes/ringo-starr-teaches-drumming-creative-collaboration/chapters/navigating-your-kit-tips-and-technique">"Navigating Your Kit: Tips and Technique"</a>. MasterClass. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thedartmouth.com/2008/01/30/arts/ringo-starr-guards-beatles-legacy-with-new-album-liverpool-8">the original</a> on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dartmouth&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+guards+Beatles%27+legacy+with+new+album+%27Liverpool+8%27&rft.aulast=Battistoni&rft.aufirst=Marielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthedartmouth.com%2F2008%2F01%2F30%2Farts%2Fringo-starr-guards-beatles-legacy-with-new-album-liverpool-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <a href="/wiki/The_South_Bank_Show" title="The South Bank Show">The South Bank Show</a>: The Making of Sgt. Pepper (1992) </li> <li id="cite_note-philcollins.co.uk-278"><a href="#cite_ref-philcollins.co.uk_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801174547/http://www.philcollins.co.uk/hitmen86b.htm">"HITMEN, 1986 Part Two"</a>. Hitmen. 1986. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philcollins.co.uk/hitmen86b.htm">the original</a> on 1 August 2008 – via reprinted at Collins's website in 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HITMEN%2C+1986+Part+Two&rft.pub=Hitmen&rft.date=1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philcollins.co.uk%2Fhitmen86b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepoke.co.uk/2018/09/11/really-said-ringo-wasnt-best-drummer-beatles-wasnt-john-lennon/">"Who really said Ringo wasn't the best drummer in the Beatles (and it wasn't John Lennon)"</a>. The Poke. September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172519/https://www.thepoke.co.uk/2018/09/11/really-said-ringo-wasnt-best-drummer-beatles-wasnt-john-lennon/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Poke&rft.atitle=Who+really+said+Ringo+wasn%27t+the+best+drummer+in+the+Beatles+%28and+it+wasn%27t+John+Lennon%29&rft.date=2018-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepoke.co.uk%2F2018%2F09%2F11%2Freally-said-ringo-wasnt-best-drummer-beatles-wasnt-john-lennon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis2013" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Randy (2 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-xpm-2013-dec-02-la-et-ms-beatles-ringo-starr-biography-tune-in-mark-lewisohn-20131202-story.html">"The best Beatles story of all? It may belong to Ringo Starr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129095201/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/dec/02/entertainment/la-et-ms-beatles-ringo-starr-biography-tune-in-mark-lewisohn-20131202">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+best+Beatles+story+of+all%3F+It+may+belong+to+Ringo+Starr&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fla-xpm-2013-dec-02-la-et-ms-beatles-ringo-starr-biography-tune-in-mark-lewisohn-20131202-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheff1981" class="citation book cs1">Sheff, David (1981). Golson, G. Barry (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HL7X-YyrINUC">All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono</a> (2000 ed.). St Martin's Griffin. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-25464-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-25464-3"><bdi>978-0-312-25464-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+We+Are+Saying%3A+The+Last+Major+Interview+with+John+Lennon+and+Yoko+Ono&rft.pages=167&rft.edition=2000&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-312-25464-3&rft.aulast=Sheff&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHL7X-YyrINUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShaar_Murray2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Shaar_Murray" title="Charles Shaar Murray">Shaar Murray, Charles</a> (2002). "Magical Mystery Tour: All Aboard the Magic Bus". <a href="/wiki/The_Mojo_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mojo Collection">Mojo Special Limited Edition</a>: 1000 Days That Shook the World (The Psychedelic Beatles – 1 April 1965 to 26 December 1967). London: Emap. p. 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magical+Mystery+Tour%3A+All+Aboard+the+Magic+Bus&rft.btitle=Mojo+Special+Limited+Edition%3A+1000+Days+That+Shook+the+World+%28The+Psychedelic+Beatles+%E2%80%93+1+April+1965+to+26+December+1967%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Emap&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Shaar+Murray&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn198895-283"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn198895_283-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewisohn1988">Lewisohn 1988</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMicallefMarshall2007" class="citation book cs1">Micallef, Ken; Marshall, Donnie (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qLAKB07xk94C">Classic Rock Drummers</a>. Backbeat Books. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-907-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-907-7"><bdi>978-0-87930-907-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classic+Rock+Drummers&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-907-7&rft.aulast=Micallef&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Donnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqLAKB07xk94C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAniftos2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Aniftos, Rania (22 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/ringo-starr-masterclass-course-1235001598/">"Ringo Starr Launches New MasterClass Course on 'Drumming & Creative Collaboration'"</a>. Billboard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128233926/https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/ringo-starr-masterclass-course-1235001598/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Launches+New+MasterClass+Course+on+%27Drumming+%26+Creative+Collaboration%27&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Aniftos&rft.aufirst=Rania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Frock%2Fringo-starr-masterclass-course-1235001598%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-harddayswritelittlehelp-286"><a href="#cite_ref-harddayswritelittlehelp_286-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurner1999" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Steve (1999). "Sgt Pepper's Lonely hearts Club Band". In Hodge, Nicola (ed.). A Hard Day's Write: The Stories Behind Every Beatles Song (9 ed.). <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-273698-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-273698-7"><bdi>978-0-06-273698-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sgt+Pepper%27s+Lonely+hearts+Club+Band&rft.btitle=A+Hard+Day%27s+Write%3A+The+Stories+Behind+Every+Beatles+Song&rft.pages=122&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-06-273698-7&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett1999252:_"Maxwell's_Silver_Hammer",_268:_"Carry_That_Weight"-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett1999252:_"Maxwell's_Silver_Hammer",_268:_"Carry_That_Weight"_287-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEverett1999">Everett 1999</a>, pp. 252: "Maxwell's Silver Hammer", 268: "Carry That Weight". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett1999206:_"Don't_Pass_Me_By",_254–255:_"Octopus's_Garden"-288"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett1999206:_"Don't_Pass_Me_By",_254–255:_"Octopus's_Garden"_288-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEverett1999">Everett 1999</a>, p. 206: "Don't Pass Me By", 254–255: "Octopus's Garden". </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 221: "I Wanna Be Your Man", 94: "Boys", 5: "Act Naturally"; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2000">Harry 2000</a>, pp. 458: "Good Night", 528: "Honey Don't" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry20043-290"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry20043_290-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997164-291"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997164_291-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-harddayswriteeleanorrigby-292"><a href="#cite_ref-harddayswriteeleanorrigby_292-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurner1999" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Steve (1999). "Revolver". In Hodge, Nicola (ed.). A Hard Day's Write: The Stories Behind Every Beatles Song (9 ed.). HarperCollins. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-273698-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-273698-7"><bdi>978-0-06-273698-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revolver&rft.btitle=A+Hard+Day%27s+Write%3A+The+Stories+Behind+Every+Beatles+Song&rft.pages=105&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-06-273698-7&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010260–61-293"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010260–61_293-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2010">Rodriguez 2010</a>, pp. 260–61. </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYorke1969" class="citation news cs1">Yorke, Ritchie (26 September 1969). "George Harrison Talks About the Beatles' Album Abbey Road". <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=George+Harrison+Talks+About+the+Beatles%27+Album+Abbey+Road&rft.date=1969-09-26&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Ritchie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-talks-about-the-beatles-album-iabbey-roadi">Rock's Backpages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813032634/https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-talks-about-the-beatles-album-iabbey-roadi">Archived</a> 13 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (subscription required). </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWomack2007">Womack 2007</a>, p. 204: "Flying"; 120–121: "What Goes On"; <a href="#CITEREFHarry2000">Harry 2000</a>, p. 339 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2006134:_"12-Bar_Original",_181:_"Jessie's_Dream",_185–186:_"Christmas_Time_(Is_Here_Again)",_215:_"Los_Paranoias",_236:_"Taking_a_Trip_to_Carolina",_244:_"Suzy_Parker"-297"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2006134:_"12-Bar_Original",_181:_"Jessie's_Dream",_185–186:_"Christmas_Time_(Is_Here_Again)",_215:_"Los_Paranoias",_236:_"Taking_a_Trip_to_Carolina",_244:_"Suzy_Parker"_297-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnterberger2006">Unterberger 2006</a>, pp. 134: "12-Bar Original", 181: "Jessie's Dream", 185–186: "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)", 215: "Los Paranoias", 236: "Taking a Trip to Carolina", 244: "Suzy Parker". </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruttenburg/TimeOutNY-298">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruttenburg/TimeOutNY_298-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruttenburg/TimeOutNY_298-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuttenberg2003" class="citation web cs1">Ruttenberg, Jay (24 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/r-i-n-g-o">"R-I-N-G-O"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Out New York">Time Out New York</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231074933/http://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/r-i-n-g-o">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out+New+York&rft.atitle=R-I-N-G-O&rft.date=2003-07-24&rft.aulast=Ruttenberg&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fnewyork%2Fmusic%2Fr-i-n-g-o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010261-299"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez2010261_299-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2010">Rodriguez 2010</a>, p. 261. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005244–45-300">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005244–45_300-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005244–45_300-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 244–45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005279,_288-301"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005279,_288_301-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 279, 288. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-302">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_302-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_302-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaule1965" class="citation news cs1">Maule, Henry (12 February 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-ringo-starr-marries-maureen-c/159847346/">"Ringo Marries a Hairdresser Yet"</a>. Daily News. New York. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Ringo+Marries+a+Hairdresser+Yet&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1965-02-12&rft.aulast=Maule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdaily-news-ringo-starr-marries-maureen-c%2F159847346%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68213665/ringo-starr-marries/">"Wedding Bells for Ringo"</a>. 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The Sunday Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/?CMP=KNGvccp1-rich%20list%202011">the original</a> on 14 March 2012. 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Retrieved 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+selling+20+million+pounds+estate&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fmagazines%2Fpanache%2Fringo-starr-selling-20-million-pounds-estate%2Farticleshow%2F43223696.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Julien/Property-325">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Julien/Property_325-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Julien/Property_325-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113040902/http://www.juliensauctions.com/auctions/2015/ringo-starr-barbara-bach/results.html">"Property from the Collection of Ringo Starr and Barbara Bach"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Julien%27s_Auctions" title="Julien's Auctions">Julien's Auctions</a>. November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juliensauctions.com/auctions/2015/ringo-starr-barbara-bach/results.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Property+from+the+Collection+of+Ringo+Starr+and+Barbara+Bach&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.juliensauctions.com%2Fauctions%2F2015%2Fringo-starr-barbara-bach%2Fresults.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Buskirk2015" class="citation news cs1">Van Buskirk, Leslie (25 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/home/la-lh-ringo-starr-barbara-bach-auction-20151125-story.html">"Ringo Starr auctioning first pressing of 'White Album,' other Beatles memorabilia in Beverly Hills"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117025306/http://www.latimes.com/home/la-lh-ringo-starr-barbara-bach-auction-20151125-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+auctioning+first+pressing+of+%27White+Album%2C%27+other+Beatles+memorabilia+in+Beverly+Hills&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.aulast=Van+Buskirk&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fhome%2Fla-lh-ringo-starr-barbara-bach-auction-20151125-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2015" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Brian (7 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/07/entertainment/ringo-starr-auction-record/">"Beatlemania! Ringo Starr auction nets record prices"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Beatlemania%21+Ringo+Starr+auction+nets+record+prices&rft.date=2015-12-07&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2015%2F12%2F07%2Fentertainment%2Fringo-starr-auction-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/dec/05/ringo-starrs-beatles-drum-kit-sells-for-22m-at-auction">"Ringo Starr's Beatles' drum kit sells for $2.2m at auction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Associated Press. 5 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119095323/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/dec/05/ringo-starrs-beatles-drum-kit-sells-for-22m-at-auction">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr%27s+Beatles%27+drum+kit+sells+for+%242.2m+at+auction&rft.date=2015-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2015%2Fdec%2F05%2Fringo-starrs-beatles-drum-kit-sells-for-22m-at-auction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuby" class="citation news cs1">Ruby, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/ringo-starr-reveals-he-voted-for-brexit-i-didn-t-see-the-european-union-going-anywhere-a3312711.html">"Ringo Starr reveals he voted for Brexit: 'I didn't see the European Union going anywhere'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216022826/http://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/ringo-starr-reveals-he-voted-for-brexit-i-didn-t-see-the-european-union-going-anywhere-a3312711.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Weekly+Standard&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+reveals+he+voted+for+Brexit%3A+%27I+didn%27t+see+the+European+Union+going+anywhere%27&rft.aulast=Ruby&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fshowbiz%2Fcelebrity-news%2Fringo-starr-reveals-he-voted-for-brexit-i-didn-t-see-the-european-union-going-anywhere-a3312711.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibsone2017" class="citation news cs1">Gibsone, Harriet (14 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/sep/14/ringo-starr-wants-britain-to-get-on-with-brexit">"Ringo Starr wants people of Britain to 'get on' with Brexit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226234642/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/sep/14/ringo-starr-wants-britain-to-get-on-with-brexit">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+wants+people+of+Britain+to+%27get+on%27+with+Brexit&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.aulast=Gibsone&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2017%2Fsep%2F14%2Fringo-starr-wants-britain-to-get-on-with-brexit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoxborough2021" class="citation news cs1">Roxborough, Scott (4 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/elton-john-shakira-ringo-starr-pandora-papers-tax-1235024840/">"Elton John, Shakira Named in Pandora Papers as U.K. and Australia Call for Review of Leaked Tax Shelter Documents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004143709/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/elton-john-shakira-ringo-starr-pandora-papers-tax-1235024840/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Elton+John%2C+Shakira+Named+in+Pandora+Papers+as+U.K.+and+Australia+Call+for+Review+of+Leaked+Tax+Shelter+Documents&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.aulast=Roxborough&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2Felton-john-shakira-ringo-starr-pandora-papers-tax-1235024840%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001s73p">"BBC One - The One Show, 06/11/2023"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107022256/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001s73p">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+One+-+The+One+Show%2C+06%2F11%2F2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fm001s73p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maclean/Independent-333">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maclean/Independent_333-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maclean/Independent_333-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMclean2015" class="citation news cs1">Mclean, Craig (9 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/ringo-starrs-photos-of-the-beatles-the-bands-best-photographer-on-his-new-memoir-a6685861.html">"Ringo Starr's photos of The Beatles: The band's best photographer on his new memoir"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151011184807/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/ringo-starrs-photos-of-the-beatles-the-bands-best-photographer-on-his-new-memoir-a6685861.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr%27s+photos+of+The+Beatles%3A+The+band%27s+best+photographer+on+his+new+memoir&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft.aulast=Mclean&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Fringo-starrs-photos-of-the-beatles-the-bands-best-photographer-on-his-new-memoir-a6685861.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-variety-334"><a href="#cite_ref-variety_334-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChagollan2014" class="citation web cs1">Chagollan, Steve (28 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2014/music/news/ringo-starr-paul-mccartney-beatles-1201073353/">"Ringo Starr Talks Paul, Meditation and Why He Loves L.A."</a> <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220551/https://variety.com/2014/music/news/ringo-starr-paul-mccartney-beatles-1201073353/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+Talks+Paul%2C+Meditation+and+Why+He+Loves+L.A.&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft.aulast=Chagollan&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2014%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fringo-starr-paul-mccartney-beatles-1201073353%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGazette43667" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/43667/supplement/5489">"No. 43667"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 4 June 1965. p. 5489.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+43667&rft.pages=5489&rft.date=1965-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F43667%2Fsupplement%2F5489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruner_(KBE)-336"><a href="#cite_ref-Bruner_(KBE)_336-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruner2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Bruner, Raisa (20 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5207582/ringo-starr-knighthood/">"Prince William Just Knighted Ringo Starr and He Has the Perfect Plan for His New Medal"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321074917/http://time.com/5207582/ringo-starr-knighthood/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Prince+William+Just+Knighted+Ringo+Starr+and+He+Has+the+Perfect+Plan+for+His+New+Medal&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft.aulast=Bruner&rft.aufirst=Raisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5207582%2Fringo-starr-knighthood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2000">Harry 2000</a>, pp. 734–735; <a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 556. </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorton2011" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Ray (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58-V1IvsX8UC">A Hard Day's Night: Music on Film Series</a>. Limelight. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87910-415-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87910-415-3"><bdi>978-0-87910-415-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hard+Day%27s+Night%3A+Music+on+Film+Series&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Limelight&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-87910-415-3&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58-V1IvsX8UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthallPerry200696-339"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthallPerry200696_339-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSouthallPerry2006">Southall & Perry 2006</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-Harvard-planet-340"><a href="#cite_ref-Harvard-planet_340-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/special/rocknroll/0004150.html">"(4150) Starr"</a>. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224225326/https://minorplanetcenter.net//iau/special/rocknroll/0004150.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%284150%29+Starr&rft.pub=Harvard-Smithsonian+Center+for+Astrophysics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fiau%2Fspecial%2Frocknroll%2F0004150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham2009143-341"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham2009143_341-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIngham2009">Ingham 2009</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-RRHF-342"><a href="#cite_ref-RRHF_342-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreene2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Greene, Andy (16 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/green-day-lou-reed-joan-jett-ringo-starr-lead-2015-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-20141216">"Green Day, Lou Reed, Joan Jett, Ringo Starr Lead 2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216163035/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/green-day-lou-reed-joan-jett-ringo-starr-lead-2015-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-20141216">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Green+Day%2C+Lou+Reed%2C+Joan+Jett%2C+Ringo+Starr+Lead+2015+Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fgreen-day-lou-reed-joan-jett-ringo-starr-lead-2015-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-20141216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/ringo-nailed-it-paul-mccartney-inducts-starr-into-rock-hall-of-fame-100467/">"'Ringo Nailed It': Read Paul's Full Rock Hall Speech"</a>. Rolling Stone. 19 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119003126/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/ringo-nailed-it-paul-mccartney-inducts-starr-into-rock-hall-of-fame-100467/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=%27Ringo+Nailed+It%27%3A+Read+Paul%27s+Full+Rock+Hall+Speech&rft.date=2015-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fringo-nailed-it-paul-mccartney-inducts-starr-into-rock-hall-of-fame-100467%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walkoffame.com/ringo-starr">"The Official Hollywood Walk of Fame Star Finder"</a>. Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212725/http://www.walkoffame.com/ringo-starr">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Official+Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame+Star+Finder&rft.pub=Hollywood+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walkoffame.com%2Fringo-starr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGazette62150" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62150/supplement/N2">"No. 62150"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 30 December 2017. p. N2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+62150&rft.pages=N2&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F62150%2Fsupplement%2FN2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSavage2018" class="citation news cs1">Savage, Mark (20 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-43472196">"Ringo Starr receives knighthood: 'I'll wear it at breakfast'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320163407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-43472196">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr+receives+knighthood%3A+%27I%27ll+wear+it+at+breakfast%27&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-43472196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berklee.edu/berklee-now/news/berklee-honors-ringo-starr-lalah-hathaway-james-newton-howard-and-chuck-rainey-at-commencement">"Berklee Honors Ringo Starr, Lalah Hathaway, James Newton Howard, and Chuck Rainey at Commencement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603184858/https://www.berklee.edu/berklee-now/news/berklee-honors-ringo-starr-lalah-hathaway-james-newton-howard-and-chuck-rainey-at-commencement">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berklee+Honors+Ringo+Starr%2C+Lalah+Hathaway%2C+James+Newton+Howard%2C+and+Chuck+Rainey+at+Commencement&rft.pub=Berklee+College+of+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berklee.edu%2Fberklee-now%2Fnews%2Fberklee-honors-ringo-starr-lalah-hathaway-james-newton-howard-and-chuck-rainey-at-commencement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/ringo-starr-berklee-college-of-music-boston-honorary-degree/">"Ringo Starr given honorary degree from Berklee College of Music in Boston"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. 2 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603143633/https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/ringo-starr-berklee-college-of-music-boston-honorary-degree/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ringo+Starr+given+honorary+degree+from+Berklee+College+of+Music+in+Boston&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2022-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fboston%2Fnews%2Fringo-starr-berklee-college-of-music-boston-honorary-degree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125,_145-349"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayson2005125,_145_349-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayson2005">Clayson 2005</a>, pp. 125, 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry200499–100:_''Candy'',_244–245:_''The_Magic_Christian'',_88–89:_''Blindman'',_316–317:_''Son_of_Dracula'',_106–108:_''Caveman''-350"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry200499–100:_''Candy'',_244–245:_''The_Magic_Christian'',_88–89:_''Blindman'',_316–317:_''Son_of_Dracula'',_106–108:_''Caveman''_350-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 99–100: Candy, 244–245: The Magic Christian, 88–89: Blindman, 316–317: Son of Dracula, 106–108: Caveman. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004268:_''The_Point!'',_373:_''200_Motels''-351"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004268:_''The_Point!'',_373:_''200_Motels''_351-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, p. 268: The Point!, 373: 200 Motels. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004235:_''The_Last_Waltz'',_331:_''That'll_Be_the_Day''-352"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004235:_''The_Last_Waltz'',_331:_''That'll_Be_the_Day''_352-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 235: The Last Waltz, 331: That'll Be the Day. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004206:_''Give_My_Regards_to_Broad_Street'',_236:_''Lisztomania''-353"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004206:_''Give_My_Regards_to_Broad_Street'',_236:_''Lisztomania''_353-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 206: Give My Regards to Broad Street, 236: Lisztomania. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2004281–282:_''The_Prince_and_the_Pauper''-354"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2004281–282:_''The_Prince_and_the_Pauper''_354-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarry2004">Harry 2004</a>, pp. 281–282: The Prince and the Pauper. </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkersonTownshend2006" class="citation book cs1">Wilkerson, Mark; Townshend, Pete (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b03CYc9UWSIC">Amazing Journey: The Life of Pete Townshend</a>. Bad News Press. p. 611. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4116-7700-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4116-7700-5"><bdi>978-1-4116-7700-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazing+Journey%3A+The+Life+of+Pete+Townshend&rft.pages=611&rft.pub=Bad+News+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4116-7700-5&rft.aulast=Wilkerson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Townshend%2C+Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db03CYc9UWSIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDolan2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Dolan, Jon (31 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/ringo-2012-20120131">"Ringo Starr: Ringo 2012"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120826063807/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/ringo-2012-20120131">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Ringo+Starr%3A+Ringo+2012&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Falbumreviews%2Fringo-2012-20120131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBabiuk2002" class="citation book cs1">Babiuk, Andy (2002). Bacon, Tony (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Eo743Uh2UOEC">Beatles Gear: All the Fab Four's Instruments, from Stage to Studio</a> (Revised ed.). Backbeat Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-731-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-731-8"><bdi>978-0-87930-731-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121091951/https://books.google.com/books?id=Eo743Uh2UOEC">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beatles+Gear%3A+All+the+Fab+Four%27s+Instruments%2C+from+Stage+to+Studio&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-731-8&rft.aulast=Babiuk&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEo743Uh2UOEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBadman2001" class="citation book cs1">Badman, Keith (2001). The Beatles Diary Volume 2: After the Break-Up 1970–2001. London: Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-8307-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-8307-6"><bdi>978-0-7119-8307-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+Diary+Volume+2%3A+After+the+Break-Up+1970%E2%80%932001&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-8307-6&rft.aulast=Badman&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClayson2005" class="citation book cs1">Clayson, Alan (2005) [2001]. Ringo Starr: A Life (2nd ed.). Sanctuary. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86074-647-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86074-647-5"><bdi>978-1-86074-647-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ringo+Starr%3A+A+Life&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Sanctuary&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-86074-647-5&rft.aulast=Clayson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavies2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Davies" title="Hunter Davies">Davies, Hunter</a> (2009) [1968]. The Beatles: The Authorized Biography (3rd revised ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33874-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33874-4"><bdi>978-0-393-33874-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles%3A+The+Authorized+Biography&rft.edition=3rd+revised&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-393-33874-4&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Hunter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoggett2009" class="citation book cs1">Doggett, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=luOMJFxe-bYC">You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-177418-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-177418-8"><bdi>978-0-06-177418-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+Never+Give+Me+Your+Money%3A+The+Beatles+After+the+Breakup&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-06-177418-8&rft.aulast=Doggett&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DluOMJFxe-bYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEverett1999" class="citation book cs1">Everett, Walter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1CAvwZPKTkoC">The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver through the Anthology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512941-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512941-0"><bdi>978-0-19-512941-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422080802/https://books.google.com/books?id=1CAvwZPKTkoC">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+as+Musicians%3A+Revolver+through+the+Anthology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512941-0&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1CAvwZPKTkoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEverett2001" class="citation book cs1">Everett, Walter (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beatlesasmusicia00ever">The Beatles as Musicians: The Quarry Men Through Rubber Soul</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514105-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514105-4"><bdi>978-0-19-514105-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+as+Musicians%3A+The+Quarry+Men+Through+Rubber+Soul&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514105-4&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeatlesasmusicia00ever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorge-Warren2001" class="citation book cs1">George-Warren, Holly, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rollingstoneency00holl">The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll</a> (2005 revised and updated ed.). Fireside. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-9201-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-9201-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-9201-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rolling+Stone+Encyclopedia+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.edition=2005+revised+and+updated&rft.pub=Fireside&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-9201-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frollingstoneency00holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGould2007" class="citation book cs1">Gould, Jonathan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gTAjZ235qfsC">Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America</a> (First Paperback ed.). Three Rivers Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-35338-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-35338-2"><bdi>978-0-307-35338-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121092518/https://books.google.com/books?id=gTAjZ235qfsC">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Can%27t+Buy+Me+Love%3A+The+Beatles%2C+Britain+and+America&rft.edition=First+Paperback&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-307-35338-2&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgTAjZ235qfsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarry2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Harry" title="Bill Harry">Harry, Bill</a> (2000). The Beatles Encyclopedia: Revised and Updated. Virgin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0481-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0481-9"><bdi>978-0-7535-0481-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+Encyclopedia%3A+Revised+and+Updated&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0481-9&rft.aulast=Harry&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarry2003" class="citation book cs1">Harry, Bill (2003). The George Harrison Encyclopedia. Virgin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0822-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0822-0"><bdi>978-0-7535-0822-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+George+Harrison+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0822-0&rft.aulast=Harry&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarry2002" class="citation book cs1">Harry, Bill (2002). The Paul McCartney Encyclopedia. Virgin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0716-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0716-2"><bdi>978-0-7535-0716-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Paul+McCartney+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0716-2&rft.aulast=Harry&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarry2004" class="citation book cs1">Harry, Bill (2004). The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia. Virgin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0843-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0843-5"><bdi>978-0-7535-0843-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ringo+Starr+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0843-5&rft.aulast=Harry&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIngham2009" class="citation book cs1">Ingham, Chris (2009). The Rough Guide to The Beatles (3rd ed.). Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84836-525-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84836-525-4"><bdi>978-1-84836-525-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+The+Beatles&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84836-525-4&rft.aulast=Ingham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJackson2012" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Andrew Grant (2012). Still the Greatest: The Essential Solo Beatles Songs. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8222-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8222-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-8222-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Still+the+Greatest%3A+The+Essential+Solo+Beatles+Songs&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8222-5&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Grant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewisohn1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lewisohn" title="Mark Lewisohn">Lewisohn, Mark</a> (1988). <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Beatles_Recording_Sessions" title="The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions">The Beatles Recording Sessions</a>. Harmony Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-57066-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-57066-1"><bdi>978-0-517-57066-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+Recording+Sessions&rft.pub=Harmony+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-517-57066-1&rft.aulast=Lewisohn&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewisohn1992" class="citation book cs1">Lewisohn, Mark (1992). The Complete Beatles Chronicle: The Definitive Day-By-Day Guide to the Beatles' Entire Career (2010 ed.). Chicago Review Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-534-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-534-0"><bdi>978-1-56976-534-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Beatles+Chronicle%3A+The+Definitive+Day-By-Day+Guide+to+the+Beatles%27+Entire+Career&rft.edition=2010&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-56976-534-0&rft.aulast=Lewisohn&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewisohn2013" class="citation book cs1">Lewisohn, Mark (2013). <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_All_These_Years" title="The Beatles: All These Years">The Beatles – All These Years, Volume One: Tune In</a>. New York: Three Rivers Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-90329-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-90329-2"><bdi>978-1-101-90329-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+%E2%80%93+All+These+Years%2C+Volume+One%3A+Tune+In&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-101-90329-2&rft.aulast=Lewisohn&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMadingerEaster2000" class="citation book cs1">Madinger, Chip; Easter, Mark (2000). Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium. Chesterfield, MO: 44.1 Productions, LP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-11724-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-11724-9"><bdi>978-0-615-11724-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eight+Arms+to+Hold+You%3A+The+Solo+Beatles+Compendium&rft.place=Chesterfield%2C+MO&rft.pub=44.1+Productions%2C+LP&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-615-11724-9&rft.aulast=Madinger&rft.aufirst=Chip&rft.au=Easter%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiles1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Miles" title="Barry Miles">Miles, Barry</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paulmccartneyman00mile_0">Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now</a> (1st Hardcover ed.). Henry Holt & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-5248-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-5248-0"><bdi>978-0-8050-5248-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+McCartney%3A+Many+Years+From+Now&rft.edition=1st+Hardcover&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-5248-0&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpaulmccartneyman00mile_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorman2008" class="citation book cs1">Norman, Philip (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnlennonlife00norm_0">John Lennon: The Life</a>. ECCO (Harper Collins). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-075401-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-075401-3"><bdi>978-0-06-075401-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Lennon%3A+The+Life&rft.pub=ECCO+%28Harper+Collins%29&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-06-075401-3&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnlennonlife00norm_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2005" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, David, ed. (2005). British Hit Singles & Albums (18th ed.). Guinness World Records Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904994-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904994-00-8"><bdi>978-1-904994-00-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Hit+Singles+%26+Albums&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records+Limited&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-904994-00-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2010" class="citation book cs1">Rodriguez, Robert (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missodellmyhardd00odel">Fab Four FAQ 2.0: The Beatles' Solo Years, 1970–1980</a>. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-9093-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-9093-4"><bdi>978-1-4165-9093-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fab+Four+FAQ+2.0%3A+The+Beatles%27+Solo+Years%2C+1970%E2%80%931980&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+WI&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-9093-4&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmissodellmyhardd00odel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSouthallPerry2006" class="citation book cs1">Southall, Brian; Perry, Rupert (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HWSRvGfa3-sC">Northern Songs: The True Story of the Beatles Song Publishing Empire</a>. Omnibus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84609-237-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84609-237-4"><bdi>978-1-84609-237-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121092522/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWSRvGfa3-sC">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+Songs%3A+The+True+Story+of+the+Beatles+Song+Publishing+Empire&rft.pub=Omnibus&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84609-237-4&rft.aulast=Southall&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Perry%2C+Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHWSRvGfa3-sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpitz2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Spitz" title="Bob Spitz">Spitz, Bob</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beatlesbiography00spit">The Beatles: The Biography</a>. Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-80352-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-80352-6"><bdi>978-0-316-80352-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles%3A+The+Biography&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-316-80352-6&rft.aulast=Spitz&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeatlesbiography00spit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpizer2005" class="citation book cs1">Spizer, Bruce (2005). The Beatles Solo on Apple Records. New Orleans, LA: 498 Productions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9662649-5-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9662649-5-1"><bdi>978-0-9662649-5-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+Solo+on+Apple+Records&rft.place=New+Orleans%2C+LA&rft.pub=498+Productions&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9662649-5-1&rft.aulast=Spizer&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStarr2015" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Michael Seth (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANGGDwAAQBAJ&q=Ringo%3A%20With%20a%20little%20help&pg=PT26">Ringo: With a Little Help</a>. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-120-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-120-2"><bdi>978-1-61713-120-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ringo%3A+With+a+Little+Help&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+WI&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-61713-120-2&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Michael+Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANGGDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DRingo%253A%2520With%2520a%2520little%2520help%26pg%3DPT26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Beatles2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2000). The Beatles Anthology. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35605-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35605-8"><bdi>978-0-304-35605-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+Anthology&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-304-35605-8&rft.au=The+Beatles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">The Beatles (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beatlesanthology0000unse">The Beatles Anthology</a>. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-2684-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-2684-6"><bdi>978-0-8118-2684-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+Anthology&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-2684-6&rft.au=The+Beatles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeatlesanthology0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger2006" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V-vNuvFrplcC">The Unreleased Beatles: Music & Film</a>. Backbeat Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-892-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-892-6"><bdi>978-0-87930-892-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422080805/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-vNuvFrplcC">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unreleased+Beatles%3A+Music+%26+Film&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-892-6&rft.aulast=Unterberger&rft.aufirst=Richie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV-vNuvFrplcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn2010" class="citation book cs1">Whitburn, Joel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G5vUbBuk-Q0C">The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits</a>. Billboard Books (9th ed.). Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-8554-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-8554-5"><bdi>978-0-8230-8554-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Book+of+Top+40+Hits&rft.series=Billboard+Books&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Clarkson+Potter%2FTen+Speed&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-8554-5&rft.aulast=Whitburn&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG5vUbBuk-Q0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWomack2007" class="citation book cs1">Womack, Kenneth (2007). Long and Winding Roads: The Evolving Artistry of the Beatles. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1746-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1746-6"><bdi>978-0-8264-1746-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Long+and+Winding+Roads%3A+The+Evolving+Artistry+of+the+Beatles&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1746-6&rft.aulast=Womack&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarrow2005" class="citation book cs1">Barrow, Tony (2005). John, Paul, George, Ringo & Me: The Real Beatles Story. Thunder's Mouth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-882-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-882-7"><bdi>978-1-56025-882-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John%2C+Paul%2C+George%2C+Ringo+%26+Me%3A+The+Real+Beatles+Story&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-56025-882-7&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirchherrVoormann1999" class="citation book cs1">Kirchherr, Astrid; Voormann, Klaus (1999). Hamburg Days. Genesis Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904351-73-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904351-73-6"><bdi>978-0-904351-73-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamburg+Days&rft.pub=Genesis+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-904351-73-6&rft.aulast=Kirchherr&rft.aufirst=Astrid&rft.au=Voormann%2C+Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">Martin, George</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allyouneedisears00mart">All You Need Is Ears</a>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-11482-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-11482-4"><bdi>978-0-312-11482-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+You+Need+Is+Ears&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-312-11482-4&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallyouneedisears00mart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartinPearson1994" class="citation book cs1">Martin, George; Pearson, William (1994). Summer of Love: The Making of Sgt. Pepper. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-60398-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-60398-7"><bdi>978-0-333-60398-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Summer+of+Love%3A+The+Making+of+Sgt.+Pepper&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-333-60398-7&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Pearson%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStarr2004" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Ringo (2004). Postcards From the Boys. Chronicle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-4613-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-4613-4"><bdi>978-0-8118-4613-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postcards+From+the+Boys&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-4613-4&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Ringo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingo+Starr" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ringo_Starr" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ringo_Starr" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ringostarr.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980125044242/http://www.ringotour.com/Ringo">Starr and His All-Starr Band</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Ringo_Starr.html">Ringo Starr's Drummerworld profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0823592/">Ringo Starr</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/183298%7C*">Ringo Starr</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://walkoffame.com/ringo-starr">Ringo Starr</a> in the Hollywood Walk of Fame Directory</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000217792">Ringo Starr</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632#P1728" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limelightagency.com/ringo-starr/artwork-gallery/_art.html">Ringo Starr Artwork</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413163202/http://www.limelightagency.com/ringo-starr/artwork-gallery/_art.html">Archived</a> 13 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070421141829/http://www.frontrowgallery.com/starr/starr_art.html">The art of Ringo Starr</a><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ringo_Starr" title="Template:Ringo Starr"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ringo_Starr" title="Template talk:Ringo Starr"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ringo_Starr" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ringo Starr"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ringo_Starr187" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sentimental_Journey_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Sentimental Journey (Ringo Starr album)">Sentimental Journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaucoups_of_Blues" title="Beaucoups of Blues">Beaucoups of Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_(album)" title="Ringo (album)">Ringo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodnight_Vienna" title="Goodnight Vienna">Goodnight Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo%27s_Rotogravure" title="Ringo's Rotogravure">Ringo's Rotogravure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_the_4th" title="Ringo the 4th">Ringo the 4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Boy_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Bad Boy (Ringo Starr album)">Bad Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_and_Smell_the_Roses_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Stop and Smell the Roses (Ringo Starr album)">Stop and Smell the Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Wave" title="Old Wave">Old Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Takes_Time" title="Time Takes Time">Time Takes Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_Man" title="Vertical Man">Vertical Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Be_Santa_Claus" title="I Wanna Be Santa Claus">I Wanna Be Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Rama" title="Ringo Rama">Ringo Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choose_Love_(album)" title="Choose Love (album)">Choose Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_8" title="Liverpool 8">Liverpool 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Not" title="Y Not">Y Not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_2012" title="Ringo 2012">Ringo 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_Paradise" title="Postcards from Paradise">Postcards from Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_More_Love" title="Give More Love">Give More Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_My_Name_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="What's My Name (Ringo Starr album)">What's My Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Up_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Look Up (Ringo Starr album)">Look Up</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_All-Starr_Band_(album)" title="Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band (album)">Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_All_Starr_Band_Volume_2:_Live_from_Montreux" title="Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux">Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_Third_All-Starr_Band_Volume_1" title="Ringo Starr and His Third All-Starr Band Volume 1">Ringo Starr and His Third All-Starr Band Volume 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_Storytellers_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="VH1 Storytellers (Ringo Starr album)">VH1 Storytellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Biscuit_Flower_Hour_Presents_Ringo_%26_His_New_All-Starr_Band" title="King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents Ringo & His New All-Starr Band">King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents Ringo & His New All-Starr Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Versions_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Extended Versions (Ringo Starr album)">Extended Versions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_2003" title="Tour 2003">Tour 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_Friends" title="Ringo Starr and Friends">Ringo Starr and Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr:_Live_at_Soundstage" title="Ringo Starr: Live at Soundstage">Ringo Starr: Live at Soundstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All_Starr_Band_Live_2006" title="Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band Live 2006">Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band Live 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Greek_Theatre_2008" title="Live at the Greek Theatre 2008">Live at the Greek Theatre 2008</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blast_from_Your_Past" title="Blast from Your Past">Blast from Your Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starr_Struck:_Best_of_Ringo_Starr,_Vol._2" title="Starr Struck: Best of Ringo Starr, Vol. 2">Starr Struck: Best of Ringo Starr, Vol. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Anthology..._So_Far" title="The Anthology... So Far">The Anthology... So Far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph:_The_Very_Best_of_Ringo_Starr" title="Photograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr">Photograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_5.1:_The_Surround_Sound_Collection" title="Ringo 5.1: The Surround Sound Collection">Ringo 5.1: The Surround Sound Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_(Ringo_Starr_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Icon (Ringo Starr album)">Icon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beaucoups_of_Blues_(song)" title="Beaucoups of Blues (song)">Beaucoups of Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Don%27t_Come_Easy" title="It Don't Come Easy">It Don't Come Easy</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Early_1970" title="Early 1970">Early 1970</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Back_Off_Boogaloo" title="Back Off Boogaloo">Back Off Boogaloo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Photograph_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Photograph (Ringo Starr song)">Photograph</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Sixteen" title="You're Sixteen">You're Sixteen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh_My_My_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Oh My My (Ringo Starr song)">Oh My My</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Only_You_(And_You_Alone)" title="Only You (And You Alone)">Only You (And You Alone)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_No_Song" title="No No Song">No No Song</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Snookeroo" title="Snookeroo">Snookeroo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(It%27s_All_Down_to)_Goodnight_Vienna" title="(It's All Down to) Goodnight Vienna">(It's All Down to) Goodnight Vienna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh_My_My_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Oh My My (Ringo Starr song)">Oh My My</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/No_No_Song" title="No No Song">No No Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Dose_of_Rock_%27n%27_Roll" title="A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll">A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey!_Baby#Other_versions" title="Hey! Baby">Hey! Baby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wings_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Wings (Ringo Starr song)">Wings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Traces_(on_a_Cigarette)" title="Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)">Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wrack_My_Brain" title="Wrack My Brain">Wrack My Brain</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_My_Car_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="In My Car (Ringo Starr song)">In My Car</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Keep_Forgettin%27" title="I Keep Forgettin'">I Keep Forgettin'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Act_Naturally#Buck_Owens_and_Ringo_Starr_duet_version" title="Act Naturally">Act Naturally</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Weight_of_the_World_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Weight of the World (Ringo Starr song)">Weight of the World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Never_Without_You" title="Never Without You">Never Without You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_8_(song)" title="Liverpool 8 (song)">Liverpool 8</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walk_with_You" title="Walk with You">Walk with You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wings_(Ringo_Starr_song)" title="Wings (Ringo Starr song)">Wings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_Paradise" title="Postcards from Paradise">Postcards from Paradise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Give_More_Love" title="Give More Love">Give More Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27s_My_Name_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="What's My Name (Ringo Starr album)">What's My Name</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grow_Old_with_Me" title="Grow Old with Me">Grow Old with Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Zoom_In" title="Zoom In">Here's to the Nights</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Zoom_In" title="Zoom In">Zoom In Zoom Out</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Change_the_World_(Ringo_Starr_EP)" title="Change the World (Ringo Starr EP)">Let's Change the World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rock_Around_the_Clock" title="Rock Around the Clock">Rock Around the Clock</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/EP3_(Ringo_Starr_EP)" title="EP3 (Ringo Starr EP)">World Go Round</a>"</li> <li>"Time On My Hands"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Starr_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Starr Collection">4-Starr Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_In" title="Zoom In">Zoom In</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_the_World_(Ringo_Starr_EP)" title="Change the World (Ringo Starr EP)">Change the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EP3_(Ringo_Starr_EP)" title="EP3 (Ringo Starr EP)">EP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewind_Forward" title="Rewind Forward">Rewind Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crooked_Boy" title="Crooked Boy">Crooked Boy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_the_Boys" title="Postcards from the Boys">Postcards from the Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus%27s_Garden_(book)" title="Octopus's Garden (book)">Octopus's Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_(book)" title="Photograph (book)">Photograph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_discography" title="Ringo Starr discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Ringo_Starr" title="List of songs recorded by Ringo Starr">Song list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_filmography" title="Ringo Starr filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band">Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Admiral_Grove" title="10 Admiral Grove">10 Admiral Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bach" title="Barbara Bach">Barbara Bach</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brush_with_Greatness" title="Brush with Greatness">Brush with Greatness</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_for_Bangladesh" title="The Concert for Bangladesh">The Concert for Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vini_Poncia" title="Vini Poncia">Vini Poncia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_O%27_Records" title="Ring O' Records">Ring O' Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_(1978_film)" title="Ringo (1978 film)">Ringo (1978 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo%27s_Yellow_Submarine" title="Ringo's Yellow Submarine">Ringo's Yellow Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouse_the_Mouse" title="Scouse the Mouse">Scouse the Mouse</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ringo_for_President" title="Ringo for President">Ringo for President</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zak_Starkey" title="Zak Starkey">Zak Starkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Starkey_Tigrett" title="Maureen Starkey Tigrett">Maureen Starkey Tigrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startling_Music" title="Startling Music">Startling Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Storm" title="Rory Storm">Rory Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittenhurst_Park" title="Tittenhurst Park">Tittenhurst Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4150_Starr" title="4150 Starr">4150 Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ringo_Starr" title="Category:Ringo Starr">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Ringo_Starr148" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Ringo_Starr148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_the_Beatles" title="List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles">Awards for Ringo Starr</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Original Score"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Original Score"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Original Score"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Academy Award for Best Original Score</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Silvers" title="Louis Silvers">Louis Silvers</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Steiner" title="Max Steiner">Max Steiner</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_F._Forbstein" title="Leo F. Forbstein">Leo F. Forbstein</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Previn" title="Charles Previn">Charles Previn</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Wolfgang_Korngold" title="Erich Wolfgang Korngold">Erich Wolfgang Korngold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Stothart" title="Herbert Stothart">Herbert Stothart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hageman" title="Richard Hageman">Richard Hageman</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._Franke_Harling" title="W. Franke Harling">W. Franke Harling</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Leipold" title="John Leipold">John Leipold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Shuken" title="Leo Shuken">Leo Shuken</a> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Harline" title="Leigh Harline">Leigh Harline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Smith_(composer)" title="Paul Smith (composer)">Paul J. Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Herrmann" title="Bernard Herrmann">Bernard Herrmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Churchill" title="Frank Churchill">Frank Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wallace" title="Oliver Wallace">Oliver Wallace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Steiner" title="Max Steiner">Max Steiner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ray_Heindorf" title="Ray Heindorf">Ray Heindorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Roemheld" title="Heinz Roemheld">Heinz Roemheld</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ray_Heindorf" title="Ray Heindorf">Ray Heindorf</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Steiner" title="Max Steiner">Max Steiner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morris_Stoloff" title="Morris Stoloff">Morris Stoloff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Dragon" title="Carmen Dragon">Carmen Dragon</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_R%C3%B3zsa" title="Miklós Rózsa">Miklos Rozsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georgie_Stoll" title="Georgie Stoll">Georgie Stoll</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Friedhofer" title="Hugo Friedhofer">Hugo Friedhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morris_Stoloff" title="Morris Stoloff">Morris Stoloff</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_R%C3%B3zsa" title="Miklós Rózsa">Miklos Rozsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Easdale" title="Brian Easdale">Brian Easdale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Green" title="Johnny Green">Johnny Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Edens" title="Roger Edens">Roger Edens</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Edens" title="Roger Edens">Roger Edens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Hayton" title="Lennie Hayton">Lennie Hayton</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Waxman" title="Franz Waxman">Franz Waxman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Deutsch" title="Adolph Deutsch">Adolph Deutsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Edens" title="Roger Edens">Roger Edens</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Waxman" title="Franz Waxman">Franz Waxman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Green" title="Johnny Green">Johnny Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saul_Chaplin" title="Saul Chaplin">Saul Chaplin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Kaper" title="Bronisław Kaper">Bronislau Kaper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Deutsch" title="Adolph Deutsch">Adolph Deutsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saul_Chaplin" title="Saul Chaplin">Saul Chaplin</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Blackton" title="Jay Blackton">Jay Blackton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Deutsch" title="Adolph Deutsch">Adolph Deutsch</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Young" title="Victor Young">Victor Young</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Darby" title="Ken Darby">Ken Darby</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Arnold" title="Malcolm Arnold">Malcolm Arnold</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andre_Previn" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Previn">Andre Previn</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_R%C3%B3zsa" title="Miklós Rózsa">Miklos Rozsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andre_Previn" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Previn">Andre Previn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Darby" title="Ken Darby">Ken Darby</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gold" title="Ernest Gold">Ernest Gold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morris_Stoloff" title="Morris Stoloff">Morris Stoloff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Sukman" title="Harry Sukman">Harry Sukman</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Saul_Chaplin" title="Saul Chaplin">Saul Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Green" title="Johnny Green">Johnny Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Ramin" title="Sid Ramin">Sid Ramin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Kostal" title="Irwin Kostal">Irwin Kostal</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Jarre" title="Maurice Jarre">Maurice Jarre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ray_Heindorf" title="Ray Heindorf">Ray Heindorf</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Addison" title="John Addison">John Addison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andre_Previn" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Previn">Andre Previn</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andre_Previn" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Previn">Andre Previn</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Jarre" title="Maurice Jarre">Maurice Jarre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Kostal" title="Irwin Kostal">Irwin Kostal</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Thorne" title="Ken Thorne">Ken Thorne</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Bernstein" title="Elmer Bernstein">Elmer Bernstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Newman" title="Alfred Newman">Alfred Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Darby" title="Ken Darby">Ken Darby</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> / <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Green" title="Johnny Green">Johnny Green</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Hayton" title="Lennie Hayton">Lennie Hayton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Newman" title="Lionel Newman">Lionel Newman</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lai" title="Francis Lai">Francis Lai</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a>) (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Rasch" title="Raymond Rasch">Raymond Rasch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Russell" title="Larry Russell">Larry Russell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Burns" title="Ralph Burns">Ralph Burns</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Rota" title="Nino Rota">Nino Rota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Coppola" title="Carmine Coppola">Carmine Coppola</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Riddle" title="Nelson Riddle">Nelson Riddle</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Rosenman" title="Leonard Rosenman">Leonard Rosenman</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Goldsmith" title="Jerry Goldsmith">Jerry Goldsmith</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Rosenman" title="Leonard Rosenman">Leonard Rosenman</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tunick" title="Jonathan Tunick">Jonathan Tunick</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_Renzetti" title="Joe Renzetti">Joe Renzetti</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Delerue" title="Georges Delerue">Georges Delerue</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Burns" title="Ralph Burns">Ralph Burns</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gore" title="Michael Gore">Michael Gore</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangelis" title="Vangelis">Vangelis</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Bricusse" title="Leslie Bricusse">Leslie Bricusse</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Conti" title="Bill Conti">Bill Conti</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Jarre" title="Maurice Jarre">Maurice Jarre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryuichi_Sakamoto" title="Ryuichi Sakamoto">Ryuichi Sakamoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cong_Su" title="Cong Su">Cong Su</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Grusin" title="Dave Grusin">Dave Grusin</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bacalov" title="Luis Bacalov">Luis Bacalov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Yared" title="Gabriel Yared">Gabriel Yared</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Portman" title="Rachel Portman">Rachel Portman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_Dudley" title="Anne Dudley">Anne Dudley</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Piovani" title="Nicola Piovani">Nicola Piovani</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Warbeck" title="Stephen Warbeck">Stephen Warbeck</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Corigliano" title="John Corigliano">John Corigliano</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Dun" title="Tan Dun">Tan Dun</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Goldenthal" title="Elliot Goldenthal">Elliot Goldenthal</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_A._P._Kaczmarek" title="Jan A. P. Kaczmarek">Jan A. P. Kaczmarek</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla" title="Gustavo Santaolalla">Gustavo Santaolalla</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla" title="Gustavo Santaolalla">Gustavo Santaolalla</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Marianelli" title="Dario Marianelli">Dario Marianelli</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Giacchino" title="Michael Giacchino">Michael Giacchino</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Reznor" title="Trent Reznor">Trent Reznor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atticus_Ross" title="Atticus Ross">Atticus Ross</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Bource" title="Ludovic Bource">Ludovic Bource</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mychael_Danna" title="Mychael Danna">Mychael Danna</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Price_(composer)" title="Steven Price (composer)">Steven Price</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Desplat" title="Alexandre Desplat">Alexandre Desplat</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Hurwitz" title="Justin Hurwitz">Justin Hurwitz</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Desplat" title="Alexandre Desplat">Alexandre Desplat</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_G%C3%B6ransson" title="Ludwig Göransson">Ludwig Göransson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildur_Gu%C3%B0nad%C3%B3ttir" title="Hildur Guðnadóttir">Hildur Guðnadóttir</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Reznor" title="Trent Reznor">Trent Reznor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atticus_Ross" title="Atticus Ross">Atticus Ross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauschka" title="Hauschka">Volker Bertelmann</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_G%C3%B6ransson" title="Ludwig Göransson">Ludwig Göransson</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Blumberg" title="Daniel Blumberg">Daniel Blumberg</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media" title="Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media">Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>No Award (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_a_Murder" title="Anatomy of a Murder">Anatomy of a Murder</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(soundtrack)" title="Exodus (soundtrack)">Exodus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gold" title="Ernest Gold">Ernest Gold</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_at_Tiffany%27s:_Music_from_the_Motion_Picture" title="Breakfast at Tiffany's: Music from the Motion Picture">Breakfast at Tiffany's</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1961)</li> <li>No Award (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Addison" title="John Addison">John Addison</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins:_Original_Cast_Soundtrack" title="Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack">Mary Poppins</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sandpiper" title="The Sandpiper">The Sandpiper</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mandel" title="Johnny Mandel">Johnny Mandel</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(soundtrack)" title="Doctor Zhivago (soundtrack)">Doctor Zhivago</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Jarre" title="Maurice Jarre">Maurice Jarre</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_from_Mission:_Impossible" title="Music from Mission: Impossible">Music from Mission: Impossible</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Graduate_(soundtrack)" title="The Graduate (soundtrack)">The Graduate</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grusin" title="Dave Grusin">Dave Grusin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy_and_the_Sundance_Kid" title="Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid">Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid</a> – <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_It_Be_(album)" title="Let It Be (album)">Let It Be</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> & <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a>) (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaft_(Isaac_Hayes_album)" title="Shaft (Isaac Hayes album)">Shaft</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(soundtrack)" title="The Godfather (soundtrack)">The Godfather</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nino_Rota" title="Nino Rota">Nino Rota</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Livingston_Seagull_(soundtrack)" title="Jonathan Livingston Seagull (soundtrack)">Jonathan Livingston Seagull</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were:_Original_Soundtrack_Recording" title="The Way We Were: Original Soundtrack Recording">The Way We Were: Original Soundtrack Recording</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(soundtrack)" title="Jaws (soundtrack)">Jaws</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_Wash_(soundtrack)" title="Car Wash (soundtrack)">Car Wash</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norman_Whitfield" title="Norman Whitfield">Norman Whitfield</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">Star Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind_(soundtrack)" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind (soundtrack)">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(soundtrack)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (soundtrack)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark_(soundtrack)" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark (soundtrack)">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial_(soundtrack)" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (soundtrack)">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashdance_(soundtrack)" title="Flashdance (soundtrack)">Flashdance</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Boddicker" title="Michael Boddicker">Michael Boddicker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Cara" title="Irene Cara">Irene Cara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Carnes" title="Kim Carnes">Kim Carnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Cotler" title="Doug Cotler">Doug Cotler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Forsey" title="Keith Forsey">Keith Forsey</a>, Richard Gilbert, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Hey" title="Jerry Hey">Jerry Hey</a>, Duane Hitchings, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Krampf" title="Craig Krampf">Craig Krampf</a>, Ronald Magness, Dennis Matkosky, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ramone" title="Phil Ramone">Phil Ramone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sembello" title="Michael Sembello">Michael Sembello</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shandi_Sinnamon" title="Shandi Sinnamon">Shandi Sinnamon</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Rain_(album)" title="Purple Rain (album)">Purple Rain</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_(band)" title="The Revolution (band)">the Revolution</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop_(soundtrack)" title="Beverly Hills Cop (soundtrack)">Beverly Hills Cop</a> – Marc Benno, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Faltermeyer" title="Harold Faltermeyer">Harold Faltermeyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Forsey" title="Keith Forsey">Keith Forsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micki_Free" title="Micki Free">Micki Free</a>, John Gilutin Hawk, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hewett" title="Howard Hewett">Howard Hewett</a>, Bunny Hull, Howie Rice, <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Robinson_(songwriter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharon Robinson (songwriter)">Sharon Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Sembello" title="Danny Sembello">Danny Sembello</a>, Sue Sheridan, Richard Theisen & <a href="/wiki/Allee_Willis" title="Allee Willis">Allee Willis</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Africa_(film)" title="Out of Africa (film)">Out of Africa</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(film)" title="The Untouchables (film)">The Untouchables</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor_(album)" title="The Last Emperor (album)">The Last Emperor</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cong_Su" title="Cong Su">Cong Su</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ryuichi_Sakamoto" title="Ryuichi Sakamoto">Ryuichi Sakamoto</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabulous_Baker_Boys_(Motion_Picture_Soundtrack)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fabulous Baker Boys (Motion Picture Soundtrack)">The Fabulous Baker Boys</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grusin" title="Dave Grusin">Dave Grusin</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(1989_film)" title="Glory (1989 film)">Glory</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_with_Wolves_(soundtrack)" title="Dances with Wolves (soundtrack)">Dances with Wolves</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1991_soundtrack)" title="Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)">Beauty and the Beast</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_soundtrack)" title="Aladdin (1992 soundtrack)">Aladdin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List_(soundtrack)" title="Schindler's List (soundtrack)">Schindler's List</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Tide_(film)" title="Crimson Tide (film)">Crimson Tide</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Arnold" title="David Arnold">David Arnold</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient_(soundtrack)" title="The English Patient (soundtrack)">The English Patient</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Yared" title="Gabriel Yared">Gabriel Yared</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan_(soundtrack)" title="Saving Private Ryan (soundtrack)">Saving Private Ryan</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Bug%27s_Life_(soundtrack)" title="A Bug's Life (soundtrack)">A Bug's Life</a> – <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty:_Original_Motion_Picture_Score" class="mw-redirect" title="American Beauty: Original Motion Picture Score">American Beauty</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newman" title="Thomas Newman">Thomas Newman</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon_(soundtrack)" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (soundtrack)">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tan_Dun" title="Tan Dun">Tan Dun</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> & John Kurlander (engineer/mixer) (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a>, John Kurlander (engineer/mixer) & <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cobbin" title="Peter Cobbin">Peter Cobbin</a> (engineer/mixer) (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a>, John Kurlander (engineer/mixer) & <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cobbin" title="Peter Cobbin">Peter Cobbin</a> (engineer/mixer) (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_(soundtrack)" title="Ray (soundtrack)">Ray</a> – <a href="/wiki/Craig_Armstrong_(composer)" title="Craig Armstrong (composer)">Craig Armstrong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Geisha_(soundtrack)" title="Memoirs of a Geisha (soundtrack)">Memoirs of a Geisha</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille_(soundtrack)" title="Ratatouille (soundtrack)">Ratatouille</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Giacchino" title="Michael Giacchino">Michael Giacchino</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_(soundtrack)" title="The Dark Knight (soundtrack)">The Dark Knight</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_Newton_Howard" title="James Newton Howard">James Newton Howard</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_(soundtrack)" title="Up (soundtrack)">Up</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Giacchino" title="Michael Giacchino">Michael Giacchino</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3_(soundtrack)" title="Toy Story 3 (soundtrack)">Toy Story 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech_(soundtrack)" title="The King's Speech (soundtrack)">The King's Speech</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Desplat" title="Alexandre Desplat">Alexandre Desplat</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo_(soundtrack)" title="The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)">The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Trent_Reznor" title="Trent Reznor">Trent Reznor</a> & <a href="/wiki/Atticus_Ross" title="Atticus Ross">Atticus Ross</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyfall_(soundtrack)" title="Skyfall (soundtrack)">Skyfall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newman" title="Thomas Newman">Thomas Newman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel_(soundtrack)" title="The Grand Budapest Hotel (soundtrack)">The Grand Budapest Hotel</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Desplat" title="Alexandre Desplat">Alexandre Desplat</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdman_(film_score)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birdman (film score)">Birdman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_S%C3%A1nchez_(drummer)" title="Antonio Sánchez (drummer)">Antonio Sánchez</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens (soundtrack)">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_La_Land_(soundtrack)" title="La La Land (soundtrack)">La La Land</a> – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Hurwitz" title="Justin Hurwitz">Justin Hurwitz</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(soundtrack)" title="Black Panther (soundtrack)">Black Panther</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_G%C3%B6ransson" title="Ludwig Göransson">Ludwig Göransson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl:_Music_from_the_Original_TV_Series" title="Chernobyl: Music from the Original TV Series">Chernobyl</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hildur_Gu%C3%B0nad%C3%B3ttir" title="Hildur Guðnadóttir">Hildur Guðnadóttir</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(soundtrack)" title="Joker (soundtrack)">Joker</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hildur_Gu%C3%B0nad%C3%B3ttir" title="Hildur Guðnadóttir">Hildur Guðnadóttir</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Gambit:_Music_from_the_Netflix_Limited_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="The Queen's Gambit: Music from the Netflix Limited Series">The Queen's Gambit</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Rafael_Rivera" title="Carlos Rafael Rivera">Carlos Rafael Rivera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soul_(soundtrack)" title="Soul (soundtrack)">Soul</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trent_Reznor" title="Trent Reznor">Trent Reznor</a> & <a href="/wiki/Atticus_Ross" title="Atticus Ross">Atticus Ross</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encanto_(soundtrack)" title="Encanto (soundtrack)">Encanto</a> – <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Franco" title="Germaine Franco">Germaine Franco</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(soundtrack)" title="Oppenheimer (soundtrack)">Oppenheimer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_G%C3%B6ransson" title="Ludwig Göransson">Ludwig Göransson</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune:_Part_Two_(soundtrack)" title="Dune: Part Two (soundtrack)">Dune: Part Two</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1988162" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jardine" title="Al Jardine">Al Jardine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Love" title="Mike Love">Mike Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilson" title="Carl Wilson">Carl Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Wilson" title="Dennis Wilson">Dennis Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drifters" title="The Drifters">The Drifters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_E._King" title="Ben E. King">Ben E. King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Lewis" title="Rudy Lewis">Rudy Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clyde_McPhatter" title="Clyde McPhatter">Clyde McPhatter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Moore_(singer)" title="Johnny Moore (singer)">Johnny Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Pinkney" title="Bill Pinkney">Bill Pinkney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Thomas_(musician)" title="Charlie Thomas (musician)">Charlie Thomas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhart_Thrasher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhart Thrasher (page does not exist)">Gerhart Thrasher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Ballard" title="Florence Ballard">Florence Ballard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wilson_(singer)" title="Mary Wilson (singer)">Mary Wilson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy" title="Berry Gordy">Berry Gordy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2015151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2015_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2015_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2015151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 2015</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butterfield_Blues_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Butterfield Blues Band">Paul Butterfield Blues Band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butterfield" title="Paul Butterfield">Paul Butterfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Bloomfield" title="Mike Bloomfield">Mike Bloomfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvin_Bishop" title="Elvin Bishop">Elvin Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Naftalin" title="Mark Naftalin">Mark Naftalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Arnold" title="Jerome Arnold">Jerome Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Davenport" title="Billy Davenport">Billy Davenport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Lay" title="Sam Lay">Sam Lay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Joe_Armstrong" title="Billie Joe Armstrong">Billie Joe Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9_Cool" title="Tré Cool">Tré Cool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Dirnt" title="Mike Dirnt">Mike Dirnt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Jett_and_the_Blackhearts" title="Joan Jett and the Blackhearts">Joan Jett and the Blackhearts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Byrd" title="Ricky Byrd">Ricky Byrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Crystal" title="Lee Crystal">Lee Crystal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Jett" title="Joan Jett">Joan Jett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Ryan_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Ryan (musician) (page does not exist)">Gary Ryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Laguna" title="Kenny Laguna">Kenny Laguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Ray_Vaughan_and_Double_Trouble" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble">Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Layton" title="Chris Layton">Chris Layton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Shannon" title="Tommy Shannon">Tommy Shannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Ray_Vaughan" title="Stevie Ray Vaughan">Stevie Ray Vaughan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reese_Wynans" title="Reese Wynans">Reese Wynans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Withers" title="Bill Withers">Bill Withers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_%225%22_Royales" title="The "5" Royales">The "5" Royales</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obadiah_H._Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obadiah H. Carter (page does not exist)">Obadiah H. Carter</a>, James E. Moore, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowman_Pauling,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lowman Pauling, Jr. (page does not exist)">Lowman Pauling, Jr.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Tanner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Tanner (page does not exist)">Eugene Tanner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_L._Tanner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John L. Tanner (page does not exist)">John L. Tanner</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Award for Musical Excellence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="The_Beatles578" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Beatles" title="Template:The Beatles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Beatles" title="Template talk:The Beatles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Beatles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Beatles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Beatles578" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe">Stuart Sutcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_Newby" title="Chas Newby">Chas Newby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Chapman" title="Norman Chapman">Norman Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Moore_(musician)" title="Tommy Moore (musician)">Tommy Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Nicol" title="Jimmie Nicol">Jimmie Nicol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Beatles" title="Outline of the Beatles">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Hamburg" title="The Beatles in Hamburg">In Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_at_the_Cavern_Club" title="The Beatles at the Cavern Club">At the Cavern Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_Decca_audition" title="The Beatles' Decca audition">Decca audition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_North_American_releases" title="The Beatles' North American releases">North American releases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/More_popular_than_Jesus" title="More popular than Jesus">More popular than Jesus</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Bangor" title="The Beatles in Bangor">In Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_India" title="The Beatles in India">In India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break-up_of_the_Beatles" title="Break-up of the Beatles">Break-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">Murder of John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_bands_featuring_members_of_the_Beatles" title="List of members of bands featuring members of the Beatles">Line-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_the_Beatles" title="Religious views of the Beatles">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_the_Beatles" title="List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_bootleg_recordings" title="The Beatles bootleg recordings">Bootlegs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_albums_discography" title="The Beatles albums discography">Albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_singles_discography" title="The Beatles singles discography">Singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_film" title="The Beatles in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Beatles%27_instruments" title="List of the Beatles' instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Beatles%27_live_performances" title="List of the Beatles' live performances">Live performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_performed_on_Beatles_recordings" title="List of people who performed on Beatles recordings">Performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborations_between_ex-Beatles" title="Collaborations between ex-Beatles">Post-breakup collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_the_Beatles" title="List of songs recorded by the Beatles">Songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cover_versions_of_Beatles_songs" title="List of cover versions of Beatles songs">Cover versions of Beatles songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_covered_by_the_Beatles" title="List of songs covered by the Beatles">Songs covered by the Beatles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_recording_sessions" title="The Beatles' recording sessions">Recording sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tributes_to_the_Beatles" title="Tributes to the Beatles">Tributes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tours and performances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beat_Ballad_Show_Tour" title="The Beat Ballad Show Tour">1960 Johnny Gentle Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Winter_1963_Helen_Shapiro_Tour" title="The Beatles Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour">Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison/The_Beatles_Tour" title="Roy Orbison/The Beatles Tour">1963 Roy Orbison Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_on_The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show appearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_world_tour" title="The Beatles' 1964 world tour">1964 world tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_tour_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beatles' 1964 tour of Australia">The Beatles' 1964 tour of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_North_American_tour" title="The Beatles' 1964 North American tour">1964 North American tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_European_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 European tour">1965 European tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_US_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 US tour">1965 US tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_UK_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 UK tour">1965 UK tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_tour_of_Germany,_Japan_and_the_Philippines" title="The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines">1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_US_tour" title="The Beatles' 1966 US tour">1966 US tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_World_(1967_TV_program)" title="Our World (1967 TV program)">Our World performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_rooftop_concert" title="The Beatles' rooftop concert">Rooftop concert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEFFF">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Aspinall" title="Neil Aspinall">Neil Aspinall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Barrow" title="Tony Barrow">Tony Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brown_(music_manager)" title="Peter Brown (music manager)">Peter Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Evans" title="Mal Evans">Mal Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_James" title="Dick James">Dick James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freda_Kelly" title="Freda Kelly">Freda Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Klein" title="Allen Klein">Allen Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lockwood" title="Joseph Lockwood">Joseph Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Taylor" title="Alistair Taylor">Alistair Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Taylor" title="Derek Taylor">Derek Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Williams" title="Allan Williams">Allan Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEFFF">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Emerick" title="Geoff Emerick">Geoff Emerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lush_(recording_engineer_and_producer)" title="Richard Lush (recording engineer and producer)">Richard Lush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_McDonald" title="Phil McDonald">Phil McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Scott" title="Ken Scott">Ken Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Sheridan" title="Tony Sheridan">Tony Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Smith_(record_producer)" title="Norman Smith (record producer)">Norman Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Corps" title="Apple Corps">Apple Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Records" title="Apple Records">Apple Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisongs" title="Harrisongs">Harrisongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Songs" title="Northern Songs">Northern Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltaeb" title="Seltaeb">Seltaeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startling_Music" title="Startling Music">Startling Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Records" title="Swan Records">Swan Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollie_Records" title="Tollie Records">Tollie Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vee-Jay_Records" title="Vee-Jay Records">Vee-Jay Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Admiral_Grove" title="10 Admiral Grove">10 Admiral Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Arnold_Grove" title="12 Arnold Grove">12 Arnold Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Forthlin_Road" title="20 Forthlin Road">20 Forthlin Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/251_Menlove_Avenue" title="251 Menlove Avenue">251 Menlove Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_Montagu_Square,_Marylebone" title="34 Montagu Square, Marylebone">34 Montagu Square, Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road,_London" title="Abbey Road, London">Abbey Road, London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Lib_Club" title="Ad Lib Club">Ad Lib Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bag_O%27Nails" title="The Bag O'Nails">The Bag O'Nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatles_Ashram" title="Beatles Ashram">Beatles Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatles-Platz" title="Beatles-Platz">Beatles-Platz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Angel_(nightclub)" title="Blue Angel (nightclub)">Blue Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casbah_Coffee_Club" title="Casbah Coffee Club">Casbah Coffee Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cavern_Club" title="The Cavern Club">The Cavern Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_Mecca" title="Cavern Mecca">Cavern Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comiskey_Park" title="Comiskey Park">Comiskey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jacaranda" title="The Jacaranda">The Jacaranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserkeller" title="Kaiserkeller">Kaiserkeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinfauns" title="Kinfauns">Kinfauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Lane,_Liverpool" title="Penny Lane, Liverpool">Penny Lane, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile_Row" title="Savile Row">3 Savile Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scotch_of_St._James" title="The Scotch of St. James">The Scotch of St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Woolton,_Liverpool" title="St Peter's Church, Woolton, Liverpool">St Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Street,_Liverpool" title="Stanley Street, Liverpool">Stanley Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Club" title="Star-Club">Star-Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Field" title="Strawberry Field">Strawberry Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittenhurst_Park" title="Tittenhurst Park">Tittenhurst Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Ten_Club" title="Top Ten Club">Top Ten Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmore_Street" title="Wigmore Street">Wigmore Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology_(book)" title="The Beatles Anthology (book)">The Beatles Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_The_Authorised_Biography" title="The Beatles: The Authorised Biography">The Beatles: The Authorised Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_All_These_Years" title="The Beatles: All These Years">The Beatles: All These Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Cellarful_of_Noise" title="A Cellarful of Noise">A Cellarful of Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Me,_Mine" title="I, Me, Mine">I, Me, Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennon_Remembers" title="Lennon Remembers">Lennon Remembers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney:_Many_Years_from_Now" title="Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now">Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Corps_v_Apple_Computer" title="Apple Corps v Apple Computer">Apple Corps v Apple Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_scruffs" title="Apple scruffs">Apple scruffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatle_boot" title="Beatle boot">Beatle boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_at_Abbey_Road" title="The Beatles at Abbey Road">The Beatles at Abbey Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Monument" title="The Beatles Monument">The Beatles Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_the_Beatles" title="Cultural impact of the Beatles">Cultural impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">Fifth Beatle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Beatles_Day" title="Global Beatles Day">Global Beatles Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Images_of_a_Woman" title="Images of a Woman">Images of a Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney" title="Lennon–McCartney">Lennon–McCartney</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Paul_is_dead" title="Paul is dead">Paul is dead</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Go_the_Beatles" title="Pop Go the Beatles">Pop Go the Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_practices_of_the_Beatles" title="Recording practices of the Beatles">Recording practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_double_tracking" title="Automatic double tracking">automatic double tracking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_It_Be_(musical)" title="Let It Be (musical)">Let It Be (musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="The Beatles: Rock Band">The Beatles: Rock Band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_in_The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="List of songs in The Beatles: Rock Band">songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rutles" title="The Rutles">The Rutles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Beatles" title="Category:The Beatles">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Plastic_Ono_Band223" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Template:Plastic Ono Band"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Template talk:Plastic Ono Band"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plastic Ono Band"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plastic_Ono_Band223" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Plastic Ono Band">Plastic Ono Band</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Voormann" title="Klaus Voormann">Klaus Voormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_White_(Yes_drummer)" title="Alan White (Yes drummer)">Alan White</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaney_Bramlett" title="Delaney Bramlett">Delaney Bramlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bramlett" title="Bonnie Bramlett">Bonnie Bramlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(musician)" title="Jim Gordon (musician)">Jim Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Hopkins" title="Nicky Hopkins">Nicky Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Keys" title="Bobby Keys">Bobby Keys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Moon" title="Keith Moon">Keith Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Price_(musician)" title="Jim Price (musician)">Jim Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCracken" title="Hugh McCracken">Hugh McCracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Scharf" title="Stuart Scharf">Stuart Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spinozza" title="David Spinozza">David Spinozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Ascher" title="Kenneth Ascher">Kenneth Ascher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brecker" title="Michael Brecker">Michael Brecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jenkins_(musician)" title="Arthur Jenkins (musician)">Arthur Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Friedman_(percussionist)" title="David Friedman (percussionist)">David Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaky_Pete_Kleinow" title="Sneaky Pete Kleinow">Pete Kleinow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Frank_Brooks" title="Don Frank Brooks">Don Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Steig" title="Jeremy Steig">Jeremy Steig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ed_Davis" title="Jesse Ed Davis">Jesse Ed Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Mottau" title="Eddie Mottau">Eddie Mottau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Lennon" title="Sean Lennon">Sean Ono Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_(musician)" title="Cornelius (musician)">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuka_Honda" title="Yuka Honda">Yuka Honda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Leonhart" title="Michael Leonhart">Michael Leonhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Friedlander" title="Erik Friedlander">Erik Friedlander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_Peace_in_Toronto_1969" title="Live Peace in Toronto 1969">Live Peace in Toronto 1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band">John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band">Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Time_in_New_York_City" title="Some Time in New York City">Some Time in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approximately_Infinite_Universe" title="Approximately Infinite Universe">Approximately Infinite Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeling_the_Space" title="Feeling the Space">Feeling the Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_Games_(John_Lennon_album)" title="Mind Games (John Lennon album)">Mind Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_and_Bridges" title="Walls and Bridges">Walls and Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaved_Fish" title="Shaved Fish">Shaved Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_New_York_City_(John_Lennon_album)" title="Live in New York City (John Lennon album)">Live in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Stop_Me!" title="Don't Stop Me!">Don't Stop Me!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_My_Head_and_the_Sky" title="Between My Head and the Sky">Between My Head and the Sky</a></li> <li>The Flaming Lips with Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Me_to_the_Land_of_Hell" title="Take Me to the Land of Hell">Take Me to the Land of Hell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Give_Peace_a_Chance" title="Give Peace a Chance">Give Peace a Chance</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Remember_Love_(Yoko_Ono_song)" title="Remember Love (Yoko Ono song)">Remember Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cold_Turkey" title="Cold Turkey">Cold Turkey</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Worry_Kyoko_(Mummy%27s_Only_Looking_for_Her_Hand_in_the_Snow)" title="Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)">Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for a Hand in the Snow)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Instant_Karma!" title="Instant Karma!">Instant Karma!</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Who_Has_Seen_the_Wind%3F_(song)" title="Who Has Seen the Wind? (song)">Who Has Seen the Wind?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mother_(John_Lennon_song)" title="Mother (John Lennon song)">Mother</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Why_(Yoko_Ono_song)" title="Why (Yoko Ono song)">Why</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Power_to_the_People_(song)" title="Power to the People (song)">Power to the People</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Open_Your_Box" title="Open Your Box">Open Your Box</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Power_to_the_People_(song)" title="Power to the People (song)">Power to the People</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Touch_Me_(Yoko_Ono_song)" title="Touch Me (Yoko Ono song)">Touch Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Xmas_(War_Is_Over)" title="Happy Xmas (War Is Over)">Happy Xmas (War Is Over)</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Listen,_the_Snow_Is_Falling" title="Listen, the Snow Is Falling">Listen, the Snow Is Falling</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Woman_Is_the_Nigger_of_the_World" title="Woman Is the Nigger of the World">Woman Is the Nigger of the World</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Sisters,_O_Sisters" title="Sisters, O Sisters">Sisters, O Sisters</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Now_or_Never_(Yoko_Ono_song)" title="Now or Never (Yoko Ono song)">Now or Never</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Move_on_Fast" title="Move on Fast">Move on Fast</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Death_of_Samantha_(song)" title="Death of Samantha (song)">Death of Samantha</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Yang_Yang_(song)" title="Yang Yang (song)">Yang Yang</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mind_Games_(John_Lennon_song)" title="Mind Games (John Lennon song)">Mind Games</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Meat_City" title="Meat City">Meat City</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Whatever_Gets_You_thru_the_Night" title="Whatever Gets You thru the Night">Whatever Gets You thru the Night</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Beef_Jerky_(instrumental)" title="Beef Jerky (instrumental)">Beef Jerky</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Number_9_Dream" title="Number 9 Dream">#9 Dream</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/What_You_Got_(John_Lennon_song)" title="What You Got (John Lennon song)">What You Got</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Hero" title="Working Class Hero">Working Class Hero</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Plastic_Ono_Band_line-ups" title="List of Plastic Ono Band line-ups">List of Plastic Ono Band line-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant%27s_Memory" title="Elephant's Memory">Elephant's Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Mac" title="The Dirty Mac">The Dirty Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Rock_and_Roll_Revival" title="Toronto Rock and Roll Revival">Toronto Rock and Roll Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Toronto" title="Sweet Toronto">Sweet Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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aria-labelledby="Ringo_Starr_&amp;_His_All-Starr_Band1292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Template:Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Template talk:Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ringo_Starr_&amp;_His_All-Starr_Band1292" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band">Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringo Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Lukather" title="Steve Lukather">Steve Lukather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Winter" title="Edgar Winter">Edgar Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Hay" title="Colin Hay">Colin Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamish_Stuart" title="Hamish Stuart">Hamish Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Ham" title="Warren Ham">Warren Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_Bissonette" title="Gregg Bissonette">Gregg Bissonette</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh" title="Joe Walsh">Joe Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Lofgren" title="Nils Lofgren">Nils Lofgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._John" title="Dr. John">Dr. John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Danko" title="Rick Danko">Rick Danko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levon_Helm" title="Levon Helm">Levon Helm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Keltner" title="Jim Keltner">Jim Keltner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Rundgren" title="Todd Rundgren">Todd Rundgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Edmunds" title="Dave Edmunds">Dave Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Cummings" title="Burton Cummings">Burton Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_B._Schmit" title="Timothy B. Schmit">Timothy B. Schmit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zak_Starkey" title="Zak Starkey">Zak Starkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cappello" title="Tim Cappello">Timmy Cappello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Bachman" title="Randy Bachman">Randy Bachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Farner" title="Mark Farner">Mark Farner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Cavaliere" title="Felix Cavaliere">Felix Cavaliere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Entwistle" title="John Entwistle">John Entwistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rivera" title="Mark Rivera">Mark Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Frampton" title="Peter Frampton">Peter Frampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Brooker" title="Gary Brooker">Gary Brooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Bruce" title="Jack Bruce">Jack Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kirke" title="Simon Kirke">Simon Kirke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Carmen" title="Eric Carmen">Eric Carmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Hodgson" title="Roger Hodgson">Roger Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(singer)" title="Ian Hunter (singer)">Ian Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Jones_(British_musician)" title="Howard Jones (British musician)">Howard Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Lake" title="Greg Lake">Greg Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_E." title="Sheila E.">Sheila E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carrack" title="Paul Carrack">Paul Carrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Waite" title="John Waite">John Waite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Squier" title="Billy Squier">Billy Squier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marx" title="Richard Marx">Richard Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Argent" title="Rod Argent">Rod Argent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Wright" title="Gary Wright">Gary Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Palmar" title="Wally Palmar">Wally Palmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Derringer" title="Rick Derringer">Rick Derringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Page_(musician)" title="Richard Page (musician)">Richard Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_Rolie" title="Gregg Rolie">Gregg Rolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Gouldman" title="Graham Gouldman">Graham Gouldman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums and EPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_All-Starr_Band_(album)" title="Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band (album)">Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_All_Starr_Band_Volume_2:_Live_from_Montreux" title="Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux">Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_His_Third_All-Starr_Band_Volume_1" title="Ringo Starr and His Third All-Starr Band Volume 1">Ringo Starr and His Third All-Starr Band Volume 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Biscuit_Flower_Hour_Presents_Ringo_%26_His_New_All-Starr_Band" title="King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents Ringo & His New All-Starr Band">King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents Ringo & His New All-Starr Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Versions_(Ringo_Starr_album)" title="Extended Versions (Ringo Starr album)">Extended Versions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_2003" title="Tour 2003">Tour 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_and_Friends" title="Ringo Starr and Friends">Ringo Starr and Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All_Starr_Band_Live_2006" title="Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band Live 2006">Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band Live 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Greek_Theatre_2008" title="Live at the Greek Theatre 2008">Live at the Greek Theatre 2008</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extended plays (EPs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Starr_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Starr Collection">4-Starr Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anthology..._So_Far" title="The Anthology... So Far">The Anthology... So Far</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Don%27t_Come_Easy" title="It Don't Come Easy">It Don't Come Easy</a>" (Live)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concert tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band_30th_Anniversary_Tour" title="Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band 30th Anniversary Tour">30th Anniversary Tour</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band_Tour_(2022)" title="Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band Tour (2022)">2022 Tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Mac" title="The Dirty Mac">The Dirty Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Plastic Ono Band">Plastic Ono Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney_and_Wings" title="Paul McCartney and Wings">Paul McCartney and Wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul McCartney Band">Paul McCartney Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_Wilburys" title="Traveling Wilburys">Traveling Wilburys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edgar_Winter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edgar Winter Group">The Edgar Winter Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_at_Work" title="Men at Work">Men at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Average_White_Band" title="Average White Band">Average White Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ringo_Starr_%26_His_All-Starr_Band" title="Category:Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368630925">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120331518">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/117667596">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/71116/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4rdKxypGwGqYpT6QTHC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119119897">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81041846">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139000244">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139000244">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621509">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV274061">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35536348">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002151719&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX876077">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069143129">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90935474">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000231692&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201808860">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810616108505606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007597887805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000200707">Finland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13527512?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500372410">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/300c4c73-33ac-4255-9d57-4e32627f5e13">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/324051">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/ringo-starr/12572">Grammy Awards</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emmys.com/bios/ringo-starr">Emmy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/988308">Trove</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1303304">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119119897.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/rUP-yNOBb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119119897">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079460704">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z92xk5">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ringo_Starr&oldid=1280128536">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ringo_Starr&oldid=1280128536</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ringo_Starr" title="Category:Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940_births" title="Category:1940 births">1940 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living 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<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 101 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d6f4c4464-bx6pr","wgBackendResponseTime":518,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.284","walltime":"4.837","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29176,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":585137,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":93857,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":724655,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4010.922 1 -total"," 32.31% 1295.904 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.51% 822.736 201 Template:Sfn"," 14.82% 594.351 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 9.89% 396.544 49 Template:Cite_book"," 8.72% 349.703 53 Template:Cite_web"," 4.76% 190.835 18 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