CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91a397991ae3ce6e',cH: '8xGO1OvdD3ueuU9fQxLVbeRwEhiZKWNAmIJnzJiCIjw-1740946799-1.2.1.1-1t1MJ3Tw2j38a48TlBgU4bH85rkjIj3GqsdqS8Byp2ImMUWLHP1xxZFoJ9GKdSYZ',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=overparameterization&__cf_chl_tk=kEQMUUaIEXI7TpcNlpvKmJLCXrhOkwLREHSxK7RSlTI-1740946799-1.0.1.1-doRaPEH7Y.CtqoFaE2WycjBrwI6WuG41N4pbhZLN_nA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740946799',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=overparameterization&__cf_chl_f_tk=kEQMUUaIEXI7TpcNlpvKmJLCXrhOkwLREHSxK7RSlTI-1740946799-1.0.1.1-doRaPEH7Y.CtqoFaE2WycjBrwI6WuG41N4pbhZLN_nA",md: "fxpuFGDyIvr7X1b7yqnBbhctWkN7WmMidaiGL2p9.wM-1740946799-1.2.1.1-BO5G3z8uita8p3sSPDF3ar3QOb6mHRbq19_8wKhqgPD2rCsrXogI0OHMbKbAw1qTllWDRE435Izp91OHnd0ONw8ihqjcdkZrroaetkfJJFQc1uU1mZMhQ1yA1mgDcF.qIHICuhwGPOR2iqWizcBO4AQe.qfbMotq1p2DzahlkPMooPt_nZcTbuZ6IvxeK2.Jzs9LCRntxHkhXpYDVYyWokTc4sydlwHwNEEVifDi04lbUm.AktQbE3hKTr9O6Xl5Nu28zQ1eip4SDnEpl4_jg0Hb3ZKh_vsHLvnOmFsjoAYQnGNYk5rPXWTDbEyf3VZ4iJBMCGhVKOXgCI3XkyvpBZ3d2dN3b6aIbqxTHyA5Y5RDpdJ37P0Shs7QsSwN4OQ7R1FmAsxV1Rod1HkXrxxryg_3IilcTwwFvZ99h_uMcUe6G7P_UxXIA5xy8R.6qFkSDfttpC6_R2gXHMrChjW7SNni2W22Hjs3SGKgHGYjrHp4flMIyZwWhbqGZEXOhZ5PZ0xF8iBiXCf7__J6gg5DCfjuTpNUsDe.itR5cL42BTmJWiDiJD4SIYJKgitVe6cCwwmiw_ykgYhn4.OvTcNEoA.mVSLHeHdncVLhQ32MH9VN3_7tP64Ctcby2k9fxqqTIKPTLpfwpGpNEy4qXlPwlARzYSuCKPcN8IvaMxPp5HWd7WmTZiBUwLb8q3x.KwWZZWto49GFlYDYtGHI1CDWJ8ke0vXtlLbMCiYeD.OHaLkFaBq9kIgFOlhVQ3jY0CsV8X008hjw3.DXmv.e9Zn0Q8AaNq_5km2IWxthhFDxgxkgYvyIi6C2GjleFU1YxDR7jeM61Qor_muJs.WnA7PWh5FDq.SgPPHnK61S0H5H2scfzBfw8D6nVoPoXPm88NXWTKUtPB_z6wGAJirALv3DhehyQpsT4wcPLPO9elZ8p7046Yl8K5EGM2xKIRiVyUvumeljDzJNircaUAmc5iyEaHuE8d92pEPGCRpBaX5NZJ0Xyg6WBLljmuG0lgL82Bn2g1W4fOxsq4z.uLY.dmY95Uwei0IsnHYoXdYujQFnqe6Pp74aYIuz35AQXCZ02OMElPd9OESUt8MA_mU04wZiSlZZp2oMp1kZT0sTqcBJawGgCeyeRxYDvM1RUoqc5FdFyRJwErXYThpPcXxM7K4WtZzI5_PGMOQTJ0ar_F0165AKwRmUvyXMp0sOJy.KsD1qs._lVLx1bJcGrsEto095VBocsvzWTaf.80Q4VkxxXZfnf7RBS7XmQwPmUv36ub2Y",mdrd: "J3svTWKAKQwVuKK5SZ1u.EcbkxLi5pfP2pWQ4WT1m5A-1740946799-1.2.1.1-jz6pgsk5H3cK33y3yOJEDhCuSj5.7VGVb1Ew8TMfjDKYv6iBhAHu8PK5ErJhSZfdF.5V14veNoc4FS.I6X5DHAXnTcD0NS2o.itFfZH1RIKhZXfBAXp_10TlyIQDolRWvlO__nHSKTgQg9HmZEKeRy.PZmApGO81n59TYYQCm40QxcuL7vJM1_66JFpmI.KwRv_dztryhmLV75qF3KbxkdDLr9A9AkyZfZTpItHPv.2ZhOq65WFqhsEP6LJPoa.DaVkMvF0T6l_OM8VbEAoPWUXYO4pUiaSwJE5oGDnV2iYjOzR7L3urMadeG7tkiyMmugyvHgz9VTeKquM_zC4xsf7AcuCwVaAlJPHrb8WzlVCYv4ZZnv.ycXr9v6kIXmqJYhbmE2j1a4KSifFBmCpDZva83XsrqJbQKHBrWOF15zqch_HYxo74RtByPhTVOAz6JABOCAjgBJlp3lfFcKD9SN1jf.a1zVLkttyQSoG.p23N8payWiyrCS63RMWH5ayEgK8ITGf43HnuasIIXo.OXDgPuHZVDbRmucxFeIvZsOCP1QSh6WUVylQsMUT2_KT91aaQe1WIzLxJmw6cyFQZICJiR2cvF4iJzod88D0dQDDC_dspwPM5bg99rTIhmIV_B9YxCXVUtpCeca1PtW7elId.s_RbskLCqqdFtpPheg4m26RngrwuO71dYfA.VxyQTm86cIkIGO1RYa.XKb0yx421Cr5UTcvfYDxDJm_tS5uSQjRrA_44lppGJs78leKBOhr76_X8AOZmVTUA.kUc5kTxRkEIikILgLhJsGVja_HOrEZS8a6aX0UzqymDAmHctRc1iCNEfvfpsIkrqAD4ULLB9U0fRczihLmx1sVwVH4_Gn9huePR14r.1DglrNIQYlMKV3sc4CoOgryI8cJJnWagnpsZCwqGB4X1AAuEasWcDMg65e.ZW9a4kdROmh35T3I2LMo2LCRaLnT5.cPuKfavcMS6Gyf87VKlxJ.rYyYLQ9xFsioCdNwa4gltqsBCy_8pnO5nzGx6gsRiL4baSe0yepb08XqggEiuguBRE_CffMLGQM5NKxAABovAzzhP.kYiG7Wt4X7RLGbkgZhgBHiRgykRQBhDAuM6TzJxQt6j9cSk1w13hTebwfpm0upPBkPm0rEmcVlfFnKVgx6fysH_8ouvO99DxC6NGWVtq_b6Mp6XuLi4JU5jQC9j_uY9aDqoZWIh5LQhullPpmivgFozybxHDD4_VcO90XYxVMflEw9kiOP72wYKQ2e_j03GSYMuK2v.lnx8C5QwGiEK8w6_rd810UMsLVkKY6Xq8SjPR4MYqFj4lDJde.SrM3OA4n9o5dfpEMr61Z1_aa8p3O9E812Spcey0Qbzcp3oyBHTDJFZDqJJboT5D5n..VK_21YHxCzXBmbjeVdkHICCWqM8bkCwnr8JkaTt4cs8OOjqIDX8_Xjtv.BdG4yX7XFWZlD35Qdch._VYc6iXXGPhMYL2hH8acw5GpNxPt_f8CiHQJ1WCugIaHx0JwU1HOK4_l5goqoRiVcScTMCBEQaRjz4k8ZLDAP4joByixbow9UUMma6Y3Kp5DFgHVdQJpq0H7uTj0Shzj748qSU3UYEvCsVZS6JtUEvGtRtSh7pQ6jN44Kct9wZq5I2kU5kVG2mlF4qP8lP5T2w7wTzcoS72twPI.8ZDIEO_XR7mQH_QPmzuM8wdyjNCWVmxmPX31ptyDEfVm4KR7hUBUFLe18xlGEkQPBogwRjScLzmF7Ej90wWZmtf_I9OvXGh7R644SYR7CqT4oOmrBVoOSpcSR53YN7YyMJYLMUVHPji3qxb.Pk677mE4_lRTI_27M4HpkcAS7Yn5.mau9vXCWKrMv5ilrb4HUVmP5ru6ZbSRP3dMsPdAvpbxqbpGgDGOXisGXPsJipqjOBRcQ2h1FuVdeeBYoxRpQ4cMTBF_ju3QwnrsDZpkOePO4iEwsC84sm1mCLTvwDrH8NKp2uS07gYaF52g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91a397991ae3ce6e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=overparameterization&__cf_chl_rt_tk=kEQMUUaIEXI7TpcNlpvKmJLCXrhOkwLREHSxK7RSlTI-1740946799-1.0.1.1-doRaPEH7Y.CtqoFaE2WycjBrwI6WuG41N4pbhZLN_nA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>