Causes and Effects of Climate Change

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li.menu-22773.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.hover, { background-color: #f2f2f2; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 .view-header { margin-bottom: 2rem; } .view-articles-by-property-view.view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_2 { margin-top: 5rem; margin-bottom: 5rem; } body.not-front .field-content.post-date { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.1666; color: #4d4c4c; letter-spacing: 0.77px; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; } body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article li, body.property-type-9040 p, body.property-type-9040 li, body.property-type-8447 p, body.property-type-8447 li, body.property-type-8450 p, body.property-type-8450 li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin-right: 0; } body.og-context-node-102953 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102950 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102947 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102932 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102944 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102941 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 71px; width: 77px; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62045 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 75px; width: 85px; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { margin-top: -2px; width: 78px; height: 78px; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 84px !important; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_5 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_9 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_10 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-article .read-more-button { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .section.more-stories-by::after { border-top: none; } .view-articles-by-issue-with-podcast .views-field-php { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-54396.node-type-article ul.breadcrumb { display:none; } .og-context-node-54396 .footer-fluid, .page-isotope-articles .footer-fluid { margin-top: 4rem; } .view-property-slideshows-by-taxonomy .item { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item { margin-top: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item:first-child { margin-top: 0; } body.node-type-page h1 { font-size:4rem; } .library_field { margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 700; } .historical-note { font-size: 12px; } .small-view .views-field-title { width: 94%; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1em; list-style: inherit; } node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: inherit; } body.property-type-11 .view-articles-by-property-view ul li { margin-top: 1rem; } body.node-type-file-object article ul { list-style: inherit; } body.node-type-file-object article ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } /* body.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section_articles_second {*/ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } /* body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { font-size: 0; } */ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container .property_home_page_section_articles_first { font-size: inherit; } body.front.i18n-fr .aan_image, body.front.i18n-es .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ru .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ar .aan_image, body.front.i18n-zh-hans .aan_image { display:none; } .page-node-81254.og-context-node-81254 .view-id-unorg_home_top_multiitem_nodequeue .unorg-home-hero { margin-bottom: 5rem; } /* dhl */ .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size:12px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59110 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59107 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { font-size: 10px; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74753.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-left: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74777.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-right: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 p { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3 ul li { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 h1.page-header { font-size: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3 { margin-top: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74774 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74777 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { white-space: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 3px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size: 12px; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 15px; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774, body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 p { font-size: 1.61rem; line-height: 1.61; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 h3 { font-size: 2.8rem; line-height: 1.34; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 .home-footer h4 { font-size: 2.3rem; line-height: 1.265; } .not-front .home-footer .footer-fluid .footer.container.dark ul li::before { content: ""; } /* /dhl */ body.article-type-7 .node-sidebar .field-name-body.field-type-text-with-summary.field-label-above .field-label { display: none; } /* .page-calendar-by-property .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } */ .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { z-index:10; } body.node-type-file-object article .field-name-field-image.field-type-image img { width: inherit; } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts { font-size: 2.2rem; color: white; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.1818; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0 0 0.1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem 1.7rem; border-left: solid 0.5rem rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts a { color: white; } .property-type-14 .unorg-home-5x4.third-story { margin-top: 3rem; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg { background-color: inherit; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-98731.node-type-page #block-system-main img{ width: inherit; } /* .view-articles-by-property-view .row h3 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } */ body.page-articles-by-property-local-category .view-articles-by-property-view .row .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .page-node-106961 #toggle-play, .page-node-106961 #toggle-pause { bottom: 180px; } .view-dhl.view-display-id-page .views-widget-filter-data_1 { display: none; } .view-un-org-home-news-row.view-id-un_org_home_news_row.view-display-id-block_2 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_1 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_5 p { font-size: 14px; } .un-org-home-news-row-block-2 { margin-top: 4rem; } body.not-front.i18n-ar div.category { letter-spacing: inherit; text-transform: inherit; } body.node-type-book .book-toc { display: none; } .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.single-day div.monthview { background: inherit; } .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.monthview .contents, .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .week-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.weekview .contents { right: 0; left: 5px; } .navbar-full.navbar { background-color: #4d4d4d; padding: 0; height: 34px; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 30%); margin-bottom: 0; z-index: 99; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol, body.not-front .views-field-body ol { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.blue-list li::marker { color: #009edb; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol li, body.not-front .views-field-body ol li { margin-left: 2rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page h3 { clear: both; padding:0.5em 0; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 50px; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; display: inline; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row { clear: both; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .full_observances_list { text-align: right; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list { text-align: left; } .full_observances_list a::after { font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: 3px; color: #00a1d9; content: "\f101"; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list a::after { margin-right: 3px; content: "\f100"; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { background-color: #ffffff !important; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; } body.page-node-132204.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { padding-top: inherit; padding-bottom: inherit; } .i18n-ar .front-wrapper header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand { font-size: 2.1rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.6; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a { background-color: #009edb; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active-menu { background: #f2f2f2; color: black; } body.node-type-article #toggle-play, body.node-type-article #toggle-pause { bottom: 150px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1000px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; width: 500px !important; float: right; display: block; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 0px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 720px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 360px !important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 400px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 200px !important; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.front #live_now_button { display: block; float: left !important; } body.front.i18n-ar #live_now_button { float: right !important; } header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-btn::after { border-right: 0; } body.not-front header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 40px; width: 89px; } body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-1, body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-2 { margin-top: 60px; padding: 0; } body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active, body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { padding: 0; position: inherit; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 2em; background-color: #ffffff; float: none; border-bottom: #f2f2f2 solid 1px; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive table.table { font-size: 8px; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive > .table > tbody > tr > td { white-space: inherit; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 55%; } body.node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { width: 55%; } } /*Ocean 2022 logo*/ /* body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 261px !important; height: 79px !important; margin-top: 0; } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 164px !important; height: 50px !important; margin-top: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 66px !important; margin-top: -14px; } } */ </style> </section> <section id="block-block-60" class="block block-block clearfix"> <style type="text/css">/* -- begin added by Tulin -- */ /* ****** effects for headers ***** */ h1.header-entry-page { font-size: 4.5rem !important; } h3.header-lg { font-size: 4rem; } h3.header-md { font-size: 3rem; } .heading-underlined-blue::after { content: ''; display: block; margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem 0; border-top: #00a1d9 solid 3px; width: 33%; } .heading-underlined-blue { margin-top: 5rem; } .heading-center-underline { text-align: center !important; } .heading-center-underline::after { content: ''; display: block; margin-left: 25% !important; margin-right: 50% !important; text-align: center; margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; border-top: #009edb solid 3px; width: 50% !important; } /* ******* layout visual aid **** */ blockquote p::before { content: "\f10d"; font-family: 'Fontawesome'; float: left; margin-right: 10px; } .grey-well { padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } .blue-well { background-color: #009edb; padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; /*padding: 35px 35px; margin-bottom: 35px; text-align: center;*/ } .blue-well p, .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul, .blue-well li, .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 1.75rem !important; /*line-height: normal !important;*/ letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 500; list-style: inherit; } .blue-well-nav-bar { padding: 2rem; } .blue-well h3, .blue-well h4 { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 2.25rem !important; letter-spacing: normal; } 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id="page-header"> </header>  <div class="main-container container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <section> <div class="banner_alert"> <div class="view view-banner-by-property view-id-banner_by_property view-display-id-block view-dom-id-05fa0e30ed01674b6481a8c496f2f73d"> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="page-header">Causes and Effects of Climate Change</h1>  <section class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div id="node-169306" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change" typeof="foaf:Document"> <span property="dc:title" content="Causes and Effects of Climate Change" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><style type="text/css">/* Collapse Panels */ .panel-white .panel { border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 18%); box-shadow: 0 2px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 18%); } .panel-default>.panel-heading { background-image:none !important; padding: 3rem; background-color: white; } .panel-heading a:after { font-family:'Glyphicons Halflings'; content:"\e114"; float: right; color: #333333; font-size: 2.5rem; /* padding: 0 20px; */ /* margin-top: 15rem; */ margin-top: -1rem; margin-right: -5rem; } .panel-heading a.collapsed:after { content:"\e080"; } .panel-group .panel+.panel { margin-top: 30px; } .panel-title { font-size: 2.5rem; } .panel-body { padding: 25px; } .panel-icon { padding: 4px; } .anchor::before { content: ''; display: block; height: 40px; margin-top: -95px; visibility: hidden; } </style> <div class="row bottommargin-sm"> <div class="col-xs-11 col-sm-12 col-md-12"> <p>Fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas – are by far the largest contributor to global climate change, accounting for over 75 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 per cent of all carbon dioxide emissions.</p> <p>As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they trap the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming and climate change. The world is now warming faster than at any point in recorded history. Warmer temperatures over time are changing weather patterns and disrupting the usual balance of nature. This poses many risks to human beings and all other forms of life on Earth.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div aria-multiselectable="true" class="panel-white panel-group col-xs-12 col-md-12" id="accordion" role="tablist"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" id="headingOne" role="tab"> <div class="row"> <div class="panel-img col-xs-12 col-sm-2 col-md-2"><img alt="Industry and Transport" class="panel-icon" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/causes01_1.png"></div> <div class="panel-description col-sm-8 col-md-9 col-xs-10 topmargin"> <h2><a aria-controls="collapseOne" aria-expanded="false" class="collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseOne" role="button">Causes of Climate Change</a></h2> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="headingOne" class="panel-collapse collapse" id="collapseOne" role="tabpanel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="col-xs-10 col-md-7 col-md-offset-2"> <p><b>Generating power</b></p> <p>Generating electricity and heat by burning fossil fuels causes a large chunk of global emissions. Most electricity is still generated by burning coal, oil, or gas, which produces carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide – powerful greenhouse gases that blanket the Earth and trap the sun’s heat. Globally, a bit more than a quarter of electricity comes from wind, solar and other renewable sources which, as opposed to fossil fuels, emit little to no greenhouse gases or pollutants into the air.</p> <p><b>Manufacturing goods</b></p> <p>Manufacturing and industry produce emissions, mostly from burning fossil fuels to produce energy for making things like cement, iron, steel, electronics, plastics, clothes, and other goods. Mining and other industrial processes also release gases, as does the construction industry. Machines used in the manufacturing process often run on coal, oil, or gas; and some materials, like plastics, are made from chemicals sourced from fossil fuels. The manufacturing industry is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.</p> <p><b>Cutting down forests</b></p> <p>Cutting down forests to create farms or pastures, or for other reasons, causes emissions, since trees, when they are cut, release the carbon they have been storing. Each year approximately 12 million hectares of forest are destroyed. Since forests absorb carbon dioxide, destroying them also limits nature’s ability to keep emissions out of the atmosphere. Deforestation, together with agriculture and other land use changes, is responsible for roughly a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions.</p> <p><b>Using transportation</b></p> <p>Most cars, trucks, ships, and planes run on fossil fuels. That makes transportation a major contributor of greenhouse gases, especially carbon-dioxide emissions. Road vehicles account for the largest part, due to the combustion of petroleum-based products, like gasoline, in internal combustion engines. But emissions from ships and planes continue to grow. Transport accounts for nearly one quarter of global energy-related carbon-dioxide emissions. And trends point to a significant increase in energy use for transport over the coming years.</p> <p><b>Producing food</b></p> <p>Producing food causes emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases in various ways, including through deforestation and clearing of land for agriculture and grazing, digestion by cows and sheep, the production and use of fertilizers and manure for growing crops, and the use of energy to run farm equipment or fishing boats, usually with fossil fuels. All this makes food production a major contributor to climate change. And greenhouse gas emissions also come from packaging and distributing food.</p> <p><b>Powering buildings</b></p> <p>Globally, residential and commercial buildings consume over half of all electricity. As they continue to draw on coal, oil, and natural gas for heating and cooling, they emit significant quantities of greenhouse gas emissions. Growing energy demand for heating and cooling, with rising air-conditioner ownership, as well as increased electricity consumption for lighting, appliances, and connected devices, has contributed to a rise in energy-related carbon-dioxide emissions from buildings in recent years.</p> <p><b>Consuming too much</b></p> <p>Your home and use of power, how you move around, what you eat and how much you throw away all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. So does the consumption of goods such as clothing, electronics, and plastics. A large chunk of global greenhouse gas emissions are linked to private households. Our lifestyles have a profound impact on our planet. The wealthiest bear the greatest responsibility: the richest 1 per cent of the global population combined account for more greenhouse gas emissions than the poorest 50 per cent.</p> <p> </p> <p><i>Based on various UN sources</i></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div aria-multiselectable="true" class="panel-white panel-group col-xs-12 col-md-12" id="accordion" role="tablist"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" id="headingTwo" role="tab"> <div class="row"> <div class="panel-img col-xs-12 col-sm-2 col-md-2"><img alt="Industry and Transport" class="panel-icon" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/effects02_1.png"></div> <div class="panel-description col-sm-8 col-md-9 col-xs-10 topmargin"> <h2><a aria-controls="collapseTwo" aria-expanded="false" class="collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseTwo" role="button">Effects of Climate Change</a></h2> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-labelledby="headingTwo" class="panel-collapse collapse" id="collapseTwo" role="tabpanel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-7 col-md-offset-2"> <p><b>Hotter temperatures</b></p> <p>As greenhouse gas concentrations rise, so does the global surface temperature. The last decade, 2011-2020, is the warmest on record. Since the 1980s, each decade has been warmer than the previous one. Nearly all land areas are seeing more hot days and heat waves. Higher temperatures increase heat-related illnesses and make working outdoors more difficult. Wildfires start more easily and spread more rapidly when conditions are hotter. Temperatures in the Arctic have warmed at least twice as fast as the global average.</p> <p><b>More severe storms</b></p> <p>Destructive storms have become more intense and more frequent in many regions. As temperatures rise, more moisture evaporates, which exacerbates extreme rainfall and flooding, causing more destructive storms. The frequency and extent of tropical storms is also affected by the warming ocean. Cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons feed on warm waters at the ocean surface. Such storms often destroy homes and communities, causing deaths and huge economic losses.</p> <p><b>Increased drought</b></p> <p>Climate change is changing water availability, making it scarcer in more regions. Global warming exacerbates water shortages in already water-stressed regions and is leading to an increased risk of agricultural droughts affecting crops, and ecological droughts increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems. Droughts can also stir destructive sand and dust storms that can move billions of tons of sand across continents. Deserts are expanding, reducing land for growing food. Many people now face the threat of not having enough water on a regular basis.</p> <p><b>A warming, rising ocean</b></p> <p>The ocean soaks up most of the heat from global warming. The rate at which the ocean is warming strongly increased over the past two decades, across all depths of the ocean. As the ocean warms, its volume increases since water expands as it gets warmer. Melting ice sheets also cause sea levels to rise, threatening coastal and island communities. In addition, the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, keeping it from the atmosphere. But more carbon dioxide makes the ocean more acidic, which endangers marine life and coral reefs.</p> <p><b>Loss of species</b></p> <p>Climate change poses risks to the survival of species on land and in the ocean. These risks increase as temperatures climb. Exacerbated by climate change, the world is losing species at a rate 1,000 times greater than at any other time in recorded human history. One million species are at risk of becoming extinct within the next few decades. Forest fires, extreme weather, and invasive pests and diseases are among many threats related to climate change. Some species will be able to relocate and survive, but others will not.</p> <p><b>Not enough food</b></p> <p>Changes in the climate and increases in extreme weather events are among the reasons behind a global rise in hunger and poor nutrition. Fisheries, crops, and livestock may be destroyed or become less productive. With the ocean becoming more acidic, marine resources that feed billions of people are at risk. Changes in snow and ice cover in many Arctic regions have disrupted food supplies from herding, hunting, and fishing. Heat stress can diminish water and grasslands for grazing, causing declining crop yields and affecting livestock.</p> <p><b>More health risks</b></p> <p>Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity. Climate impacts are already harming health, through air pollution, disease, extreme weather events, forced displacement, pressures on mental health, and increased hunger and poor nutrition in places where people cannot grow or find sufficient food. Every year, environmental factors take the lives of around 13 million people. Changing weather patterns are expanding diseases, and extreme weather events increase deaths and make it difficult for health care systems to keep up.</p> <p><b>Poverty and displacement</b></p> <p>Climate change increases the factors that put and keep people in poverty. Floods may sweep away urban slums, destroying homes and livelihoods. Heat can make it difficult to work in outdoor jobs. Water scarcity may affect crops. Over the past decade (2010–2019), weather-related events displaced an estimated 23.1 million people on average each year, leaving many more vulnerable to poverty. Most refugees come from countries that are most vulnerable and least ready to adapt to the impacts of climate change.</p> <p><i>Based on various UN sources</i></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row topmargin-sm"> <div class="col-xs-11 col-sm-12 col-md-11"> <h2 class="heading-border block">Learn more about...</h2> </div> </div> <div class="section heading-center promo-blocks" style="background-color: #e8e8e8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 topmargin"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="allpadding-sm" style="background-color:white;"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change" style="border-bottom: none;"><img alt="Photocomposition: illustration of the Earth on fire" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/10/ig_posters04.jpg"></a> <div class="allpadding-sm"> <h3 class="center"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change">What is climate change?</a></h3> </div> <p class="center">Our climate 101 offers a quick take on the how and why of climate change.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="allpadding-sm" style="background-color:white;"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition" style="border-bottom: none;"><img alt="Illustration of a plane turbine turning into a windmill" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/ig_posters05b_1.png"></a> <div class="allpadding-sm"> <h3 class="center"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">Net Zero</a></h3> </div> <p class="center">What is “net zero”, why is it important, and is the world on track to reach it?</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="allpadding-sm" style="background-color:white;"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions" style="border-bottom: none;"><img alt="Photocomposition: illustration with watering can pouring water into a plant" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/poster-9.jpeg"></a> <div class="allpadding-sm"> <h3 class="center"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions">Initiatives for action</a></h3> </div> <p class="center">Read about global initiatives aimed at speeding up the pace of climate action.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="sharing_widget" class="col-sm-12 bottommargin">  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="section section-fluid home-footer gray-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row topmargin"> <div class="divider"></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Facts and figures</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change">What is climate change?</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change">Causes and effects </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters">Myth busters</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports">Reports</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings">Fast facts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Cutting emissions</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">Explaining net zero </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/high-level-expert-group">High-level expert group on net zero</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/implementing-high-level-expert-group-report">Checklists for credibility of net-zero pledges</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing">Greenwashing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow/ten-actions">What you can do </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Clean energy</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy">Renewable energy – key to a safer future</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-renewable-energy">What is renewable energy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy-transition">Five ways to speed up the energy transition </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/why-invest-renewable-energy">Why invest in renewable energy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/how-communities-are-embracing-renewable-energy">Clean energy stories </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/sharan-burrow-shared-prosperity">A just transition </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Adapting to climate change</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-adaptation">Climate adaptation</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/early-warnings-for-all">Early warnings for all</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/voices-of-change">Youth voices</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Financing climate action</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/climate-finance">Finance and justice</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/adelle-thomas-loss-and-damage">Loss and damage </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/climate_finance_report.pdf" class="pdf-link">$100 billion commitment </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/why-finance-climate-action">Why finance climate action</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Explainers</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/health">Health </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food">Food</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/ocean">Ocean</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/water">Water</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/land">Land</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing">Greenwashing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/human-security">Human Security </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/women">Women</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/degrees-matter">1.5°C</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">International cooperation</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement">Paris Agreement</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/all-about-ndcs">What are Nationally Determined Contributions</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_sgs_acceleration_agenda.pdf" class="pdf-link">Acceleration Agenda</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/climatechange/climate-ambition-summit">Climate Ambition Summit</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/cop29">COP29</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences">Climate conferences (COPs)</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/youth-in-action/youth-advisory-group">Youth Advisory Group</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions">Action initiatives </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/17-goals-to-transform-our-world">Sustainable Development Goals</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Resources</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/speeches">Secretary-General’s speeches</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/press-materials">Press material</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a 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Causes and Effects of Climate Change | United Nations