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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Romans 1:28 Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/romans/1-28.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/6/45_Rom_01_28.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Romans 1:28 - God's Wrath against Sin" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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<a href="/kjv/romans/1.htm">King James Bible</a> And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; <a href="/nkjv/romans/1.htm">New King James Version</a> And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a debased mind, to do those things which are not fitting; <a href="/nasb_/romans/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper, <a href="/nasb/romans/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, <a href="/nasb77/romans/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, <a href="/lsb/romans/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them over to an unfit mind, to do those things which are not proper, <a href="/amp/romans/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God or consider Him worth knowing [as their Creator], God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do things which are improper and repulsive, <a href="/csb/romans/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> And because they did not think it worthwhile to acknowledge God, God delivered them over to a corrupt mind so that they do what is not right. <a href="/hcsb/romans/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> And because they did not think it worthwhile to acknowledge God, God delivered them over to a worthless mind to do what is morally wrong. <a href="/asv/romans/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> And even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting; <a href="/cev/romans/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> Since these people refused even to think about God, he let their useless minds rule over them. That's why they do all sorts of indecent things. <a href="/erv/romans/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> And even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting; <a href="/gwt/romans/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> And because they thought it was worthless to acknowledge God, God allowed their own immoral minds to control them. So they do these indecent things. <a href="/gnt/romans/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> Because those people refuse to keep in mind the true knowledge about God, he has given them over to corrupted minds, so that they do the things that they should not do. <a href="/isv/romans/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> Furthermore, because they did not think it worthwhile to keep knowing God fully, God delivered them to degraded minds to perform acts that should not be done. <a href="/msb/romans/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done. <a href="/net/romans/1.htm">NET Bible</a> And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. <a href="/nheb/romans/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God abandoned them to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not right; <a href="/wbt/romans/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; <a href="/wey/romans/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> And just as they had refused to continue to have a full knowledge of God, so it was to utterly worthless minds that God gave them up, for them to do things which should not be done. <a href="/web/romans/1.htm">World English Bible</a> Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting; <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/romans/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly; <a href="/blb/romans/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> And as they did not see fit to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do things not being proper; <a href="/ylt/romans/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And, according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly; <a href="/slt/romans/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And as they chose not to have God in knowledge, God delivered them to an adulterated purpose, to do things not fitting;<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/romans/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And as they liked not to have God in their knowledge, God delivered them up to a reprobate sense, to do those things which are not convenient; <a href="/cpdv/romans/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> And since they did not prove to have God by knowledge, God handed them over to a morally depraved way of thinking, so that they might do those things which are not fitting: <a href="/nabre/romans/1.htm">New American Bible</a> And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God handed them over to their undiscerning mind to do what is improper. <a href="/nrsvce/romans/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind and to things that should not be done.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/romans/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And as they did not consent in themselves to know God, God has given them over to a weak mind, to do the things which should not be done; as, <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/romans/1.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> And because they decided in themselves not to know God, God handed them over to a worthless mind so that they would be doing whatever is inappropriate,<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/romans/1.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> And as they refused to acknowledge God, God delivered them up to an undiscerning mind, to do detestable things; <a href="/godbey/romans/1.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> And as they did not approve to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are inappropriate; <a href="/haweis/romans/1.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> And since they thought not fit to hold the Deity in acknowledgment, God abandoned them to a reprobate mind, to practise deeds unbecoming; <a href="/mace/romans/1.htm">Mace New Testament</a> As they did not seek the favour of God, by worshipping him, God gave them over to a depraved sense, to act unworthy of human nature; <a href="/wey/romans/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> And just as they had refused to continue to have a full knowledge of God, so it was to utterly worthless minds that God gave them up, for them to do things which should not be done. <a href="/worrell/romans/1.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> And, as they did not approve the holding of God in their knowledge, God delivered them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not becoming; <a href="/worsley/romans/1.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> And as they were not careful to acknowledge God, God gave them up to an undiscerning mind to do things that were not fit to be done: <a href="/parallel/romans/1-28.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KIZs4GUMn-g?start=260" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/romans/1.htm">God's Wrath against Sin</a> …27Likewise, the men abandoned natural relations with women and burned with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error. 28<a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: Kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">Furthermore,</a> <a href="/greek/2531.htm" title="2531: kathōs (Adv) -- According to the manner in which, in the degree that, just as, as. From kata and hos; just as, that.">since</a> <a href="/greek/3756.htm" title="3756: ouk (Adv) -- No, not. Also ouk, and ouch a primary word; the absolute negative adverb; no or not."></a> <a href="/greek/1381.htm" title="1381: edokimasan (V-AIA-3P) -- From dokimos; to test; by implication, to approve.">they did not see fit</a> <a href="/greek/2192.htm" title="2192: echein (V-PNA) -- To have, hold, possess. Including an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; a primary verb; to hold.">to acknowledge</a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc."></a> <a href="/greek/1922.htm" title="1922: epignōsei (N-DFS) -- From epiginosko; recognition, i.e. full discernment, acknowledgement."></a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ton (Art-AMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2316.htm" title="2316: Theon (N-AMS) -- A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.">God,</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ho (Art-NMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2316.htm" title="2316: Theos (N-NMS) -- A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.">He</a> <a href="/greek/3860.htm" title="3860: paredōken (V-AIA-3S) -- From para and didomi; to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit.">gave them up</a> <a href="/greek/846.htm" title="846: autous (PPro-AM3P) -- He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons."></a> <a href="/greek/1519.htm" title="1519: eis (Prep) -- A primary preposition; to or into, of place, time, or purpose; also in adverbial phrases.">to</a> <a href="/greek/96.htm" title="96: adokimon (Adj-AMS) -- Failing to pass the test, unapproved, counterfeit. By implication, worthless.">a depraved</a> <a href="/greek/3563.htm" title="3563: noun (N-AMS) -- Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind; by implication, meaning.">mind,</a> <a href="/greek/4160.htm" title="4160: poiein (V-PNA) -- (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do.">to do</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ta (Art-ANP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">what</a> <a href="/greek/3361.htm" title="3361: mē (Adv) -- Not, lest. A primary particle of qualified negation; not, lest; also (whereas ou expects an affirmative one) whether."></a> <a href="/greek/2520.htm" title="2520: kathēkonta (V-PPA-ANP) -- To come down, come to; To be unfit, proper. From kata and heko; to reach to, i.e. becoming.">ought not to be done.</a> 29They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips,…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/ephesians/4-18.htm">Ephesians 4:18-19</a> They are darkened in their understanding and alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts. / Having lost all sense of shame, they have given themselves over to sensuality for the practice of every kind of impurity, with a craving for more. <a href="/2_thessalonians/2-11.htm">2 Thessalonians 2:11-12</a> For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie, / in order that judgment may come upon all who have disbelieved the truth and delighted in wickedness. <a href="/2_timothy/3-8.htm">2 Timothy 3:8</a> Just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so also these men oppose the truth. They are depraved in mind and disqualified from the faith. <a href="/titus/1-16.htm">Titus 1:16</a> They profess to know God, but by their actions they deny Him. They are detestable, disobedient, and unfit for any good deed. <a href="/1_corinthians/2-14.htm">1 Corinthians 2:14</a> The natural man does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God. For they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually discerned. <a href="/1_timothy/6-5.htm">1 Timothy 6:5</a> and constant friction between men of depraved mind who are devoid of the truth. These men regard godliness as a means of gain. <a href="/2_peter/2-12.htm">2 Peter 2:12-14</a> These men are like irrational animals, creatures of instinct, born to be captured and destroyed. They blaspheme in matters they do not understand, and like such creatures, they too will be destroyed. / The harm they will suffer is the wages of their wickedness. They consider it a pleasure to carouse in broad daylight. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their deception as they feast with you. / Their eyes are full of adultery; their desire for sin is never satisfied; they seduce the unstable. They are accursed children with hearts trained in greed. <a href="/isaiah/5-20.htm">Isaiah 5:20</a> Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness to light and light to darkness, who replace bitter with sweet and sweet with bitter. <a href="/jeremiah/6-30.htm">Jeremiah 6:30</a> They are called rejected silver, because the LORD has rejected them.” <a href="/hosea/4-6.htm">Hosea 4:6</a> My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you as My priests. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I will also forget your children. <a href="/proverbs/1-29.htm">Proverbs 1:29-31</a> For they hated knowledge and chose not to fear the LORD. / They accepted none of my counsel; they despised all my reproof. / So they will eat the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices. <a href="/psalms/81-12.htm">Psalm 81:12</a> So I gave them up to their stubborn hearts to follow their own devices. <a href="/genesis/6-5.htm">Genesis 6:5</a> Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time. <a href="/genesis/11-4.htm">Genesis 11:4-9</a> “Come,” they said, “let us build for ourselves a city with a tower that reaches to the heavens, that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of all the earth.” / Then the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the sons of men were building. / And the LORD said, “If they have begun to do this as one people speaking the same language, then nothing they devise will be beyond them. ... <a href="/judges/21-25.htm">Judges 21:25</a> In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;as they did.<a href="/romans/1-18.htm">Romans 1:18,21</a> For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; … <a href="/job/21-14.htm">Job 21:14,15</a> Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways… <a href="/proverbs/1-7.htm">Proverbs 1:7,22,29</a> The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction… retain.<a href="/jeremiah/6-30.htm">Jeremiah 6:30</a> Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.<a href="/2_corinthians/13-5.htm">2 Corinthians 13:5-7</a> Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates? … <a href="/2_timothy/3-8.htm">2 Timothy 3:8</a> Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.not convenient.<a href="/ephesians/5-4.htm">Ephesians 5:4</a> Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks.<a href="/philemon/1-8.htm">Philemon 1:8</a> Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee that which is convenient,<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/acts/24-3.htm">Acknowledge</a> <a href="/malachi/2-9.htm">Base</a> <a href="/acts/19-18.htm">Conduct</a> <a href="/acts/27-33.htm">Continue</a> <a href="/acts/24-25.htm">Convenient</a> <a href="/romans/1-24.htm">Depraved</a> <a href="/romans/1-26.htm">Evil</a> <a href="/acts/22-22.htm">Fit</a> <a href="/acts/6-2.htm">Fitting</a> <a href="/romans/1-21.htm">Full</a> <a href="/habakkuk/2-5.htm">Furthermore</a> <a href="/romans/1-17.htm">Good</a> <a href="/ephesians/5-3.htm">Improper</a> <a href="/acts/20-38.htm">Longer</a> <a href="/acts/28-27.htm">Mind</a> <a href="/romans/1-21.htm">Minds</a> <a href="/acts/28-19.htm">Ought</a> <a href="/acts/16-21.htm">Practise</a> <a href="/acts/13-28.htm">Proper</a> <a href="/acts/28-24.htm">Refused</a> <a href="/jeremiah/6-30.htm">Reprobate</a> <a href="/john/20-23.htm">Retain</a> <a href="/acts/28-25.htm">Right</a> <a href="/acts/28-22.htm">Think</a> <a href="/acts/16-20.htm">Utterly</a> <a href="/acts/4-11.htm">Worthless</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/romans/7-15.htm">Acknowledge</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/1-28.htm">Base</a> <a href="/romans/2-3.htm">Conduct</a> <a href="/romans/1-32.htm">Continue</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/16-12.htm">Convenient</a> <a href="/philippians/2-15.htm">Depraved</a> <a href="/romans/1-29.htm">Evil</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/12-18.htm">Fit</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/14-40.htm">Fitting</a> <a href="/romans/1-29.htm">Full</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/2-12.htm">Furthermore</a> <a href="/romans/2-7.htm">Good</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/14-35.htm">Improper</a> <a href="/romans/6-6.htm">Longer</a> <a href="/romans/7-15.htm">Mind</a> <a href="/romans/2-15.htm">Minds</a> <a href="/romans/8-26.htm">Ought</a> <a href="/romans/1-32.htm">Practise</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/7-2.htm">Proper</a> <a href="/romans/10-3.htm">Refused</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/13-5.htm">Reprobate</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/7-17.htm">Retain</a> <a href="/romans/2-6.htm">Right</a> <a href="/romans/2-3.htm">Think</a> <a href="/romans/4-18.htm">Utterly</a> <a href="/romans/3-3.htm">Worthless</a><div class="vheading2">Romans 1</div>1. <a href="/romans/1-1.htm">Paul commends his calling to the Romans;</a> 9. <a href="/romans/1-9.htm">and his desire to come to them.</a> 16. <a href="/romans/1-16.htm">What his gospel is.</a> 18. <a href="/romans/1-18.htm">God is angry with sin.</a> 21. <a href="/romans/1-21.htm">What were the sins of mankind.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/romans/1.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/romans/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/romans/1.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God This phrase highlights the willful rejection of God by humanity. In the broader context of <a href="/romans/1.htm">Romans 1</a>, Paul is addressing the Gentile world, emphasizing that despite the evidence of God's existence and nature through creation (<a href="/romans/1-20.htm">Romans 1:20</a>), people chose not to honor Him. This reflects the biblical theme of human rebellion against God, seen as early as <a href="/genesis/3.htm">Genesis 3</a> with the fall of man. The phrase "did not see fit" suggests a deliberate decision, indicating moral and spiritual blindness. This rejection is not due to ignorance but a conscious choice to ignore God's revelation.He gave them up to a depraved mind The concept of God "giving them up" is a judicial act, where God allows individuals to follow their sinful desires as a form of judgment. This is a recurring theme in <a href="/romans/1.htm">Romans 1</a>, where God gives people over to various sins as a consequence of their rejection of Him (<a href="/romans/1-24.htm">Romans 1:24, 26</a>). The "depraved mind" refers to a corrupted way of thinking, unable to discern right from wrong. This echoes the Old Testament, where similar language is used to describe the consequences of persistent sin (e.g., <a href="/psalms/81-12.htm">Psalm 81:12</a>). Theologically, it underscores the seriousness of turning away from God and the resulting moral decay.to do what ought not to be done This phrase describes the actions that result from a depraved mind. The "ought not to be done" implies a violation of God's moral order, which is evident in the natural law written on human hearts (<a href="/romans/2-14.htm">Romans 2:14-15</a>). The actions that follow are detailed in the subsequent verses (<a href="/romans/1-29.htm">Romans 1:29-31</a>), which list various sins that characterize a life apart from God. This reflects the biblical principle that thoughts lead to actions, as seen in Jesus' teachings on the heart's role in sin (<a href="/matthew/15-19.htm">Matthew 15:19</a>). The phrase serves as a warning of the destructive path of sin and the need for repentance and transformation through Christ.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/p/paul_the_apostle.htm">Paul the Apostle</a> The author of the Book of Romans, addressing the believers in Rome, providing theological insights and practical teachings. 2. <a href="/topical/t/the_roman_church.htm">The Roman Church</a> The recipients of the letter, consisting of both Jewish and Gentile believers, living in the heart of the Roman Empire. 3. <a href="/topical/g/god.htm">God</a> The central figure in the passage, whose judgment is described as giving people over to a depraved mind. 4. <a href="/topical/t/the_unbelievers.htm">The Unbelievers</a> Those who have rejected God and are described as having a depraved mind due to their refusal to acknowledge Him. 5. <a href="/topical/t/the_depraved_mind.htm">The Depraved Mind</a> A state of moral and spiritual corruption resulting from the rejection of God.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/a/acknowledging_god.htm">Acknowledging God</a> Recognize the importance of acknowledging God in all aspects of life. Failure to do so leads to spiritual and moral decay. <a href="/topical/c/consequences_of_rejection.htm">Consequences of Rejection</a> Understand that rejecting God has serious consequences, including being given over to a depraved mind. <a href="/topical/m/moral_responsibility.htm">Moral Responsibility</a> Emphasize the responsibility of believers to maintain a sound mind by staying rooted in God's Word. <a href="/topical/s/spiritual_discernment.htm">Spiritual Discernment</a> Encourage the development of spiritual discernment to recognize and avoid the influences of a depraved mind. <a href="/topical/p/prayer_and_repentance.htm">Prayer and Repentance</a> Highlight the need for prayer and repentance to restore a right relationship with God and avoid spiritual decline.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_romans_1.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Romans 1</a> <a href="/q/what_is_a_debased_mind.htm">What is a debased mind?</a> <a href="/q/what_defines_a_man's_identity.htm">What is a debased mind?</a> <a href="/q/what_defines_a_reprobate_mind.htm">What defines a reprobate mind?</a> <a href="/q/what_does_it_mean_to_be_reprobate.htm">What does it mean to be reprobate?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/romans/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(28) Even as.--Rightly translated in the Authorised version: "as" is not here equivalent to "because," but means rather, just in like proportion as. The degree of God's punishment corresponded exactly to the degree of man's deflection from God.Did not like.--There is a play upon words here with "reprobate" in the clause following which cannot be retained in English. "As they reprobated the knowledge of God, so He gave them up to a reprobate mind." As they would have nothing to do with Him, so He would have nothing to do with them. "Reprobate" means, properly, tried and found wanting, and therefore cast away as worthless.To retain God in their knowledge.--The word for knowledge here means "exact," "advanced," "thorough knowledge." They refused to hold the true idea of God so as to grow and increase in the knowledge of it.Those things which are not convenient.--That which is unbecoming, disgraceful.Fornication.--This word is wanting in the best MSS. and should be omitted, as also the word "implacable" in <a href="/romans/1-31.htm" title="Without understanding, covenant breakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:">Romans 1:31</a>.Wickedness, . . . maliciousness.--These two words appear to be related together, so that the latter expresses rather the vicious disposition--vicious in the special sense, the disposition to do hurt to others--the former rather the active exercise of it. Similar catalogues of sins are given in other of St. Paul's Epistles, as, for example, 2 Cor. 12:30; <a href="/galatians/5-19.htm" title="Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness,">Galatians 5:19</a> et seq.; <a href="/context/ephesians/5-3.htm" title="But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becomes saints;">Ephesians 5:3-4</a>; <a href="/context/1_timothy/1-9.htm" title="Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for murderers,">1Timothy 1:9-10</a>; <a href="/2_timothy/3-2.htm" title="For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,">2Timothy 3:2</a> et seq. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/romans/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 28. - And even as they did not like to have God in their knowledge, God gave them over (παρέδυκεν, as before) to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient (i.e. unfitting or unseemly things). It is difficult to render in English οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν and ἀδόκιμον so as to retain the apparently intended correspondence between the verb and the adjective. The verb δοκιμάζειν is capable of the senses (1) "to prove" (as in assaying metals), and, generally, "to discern," or "judge;" (2) "to approve," after supposed proving. Jowett, in his commentary on this Epistle, endeavours to retain in English the correspondence between ἐδοκιμασαν and ἀδόκιμον by translating, "As they did not discern to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to an undiscerning mind," thus taking the verb in sense (1), and the adjective in the same sense actively. But it is at least doubtful whether ἀδόκιμος can be taken in an active sense, which is not its classical one. In the New Testament it occurs <a href="/1_corinthians/9-27.htm">1 Corinthians 9:27</a>; <a href="/2_corinthians/13-5.htm">2 Corinthians 13:5, 6</a>; <a href="/2_timothy/3-8.htm">2 Timothy 3:8</a>; <a href="/titus/1-16.htm">Titus 1:16</a>; <a href="/hebrews/6-8.htm">Hebrews 6:8</a>. In the first of the above passages the word obviously means "rejected" (in the Authorized Version a castaway), with reference to the comparison of a competitor in athletic contests being proved unworthy of the prize - a sense cognate to the common one of the same adjective as applied to spurious metals, rejected or worthless after being tested. In <a href="/2_corinthians/13-5.htm">2 Corinthians 13:5, 6</a>, either sense seems admissible - ἑαυτοὺς δοκιμάζετε... εἰ μήτι ἀδόκιμοί ἐστε. But not so in <a href="/hebrews/6-8.htm">Hebrews 6:8</a>, where the word is applied to barren land. The passages from 2 Timothy and Titus may in themselves admit the sense of undiscerning, but the passive one is more probable in view of the common usage of the word. On the other hand, ch. 12:2 may be adduced in favour of the active sense; for there the consequence of the renewal of the mind in Christians is said to be that they may prove, or discern (εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς), what is Gods will; and hence it may seem probable that the want of such discernment is denoted here. The same passage also favours the verb δοκιμάζειν being taken here in sense (1) given above, and Jowett's rendering of the whole passage. It is, after all, uncertain; nor does it follow that the Greek paronomasia can be reproduced in English. <a href="/commentaries/romans/1-28.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>Furthermore, Καὶ (Kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. since καθὼς (kathōs) Adverb <a href="/greek/strongs_2531.htm">Strong's 2531: </a> According to the manner in which, in the degree that, just as, as. From kata and hos; just as, that. they did not see fit ἐδοκίμασαν (edokimasan) Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1381.htm">Strong's 1381: </a> From dokimos; to test; by implication, to approve. to acknowledge ἔχειν (echein) Verb - Present Infinitive Active <a href="/greek/strongs_2192.htm">Strong's 2192: </a> To have, hold, possess. Including an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; a primary verb; to hold. God, Θεὸν (Theon) Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2316.htm">Strong's 2316: </a> A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very. [He] Θεὸς (Theos) Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2316.htm">Strong's 2316: </a> A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very. gave them up παρέδωκεν (paredōken) Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3860.htm">Strong's 3860: </a> From para and didomi; to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit. to εἰς (eis) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1519.htm">Strong's 1519: </a> A primary preposition; to or into, of place, time, or purpose; also in adverbial phrases. a depraved ἀδόκιμον (adokimon) Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_96.htm">Strong's 96: </a> Failing to pass the test, unapproved, counterfeit. By implication, worthless. mind, νοῦν (noun) Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3563.htm">Strong's 3563: </a> Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind; by implication, meaning. to do ποιεῖν (poiein) Verb - Present Infinitive Active <a href="/greek/strongs_4160.htm">Strong's 4160: </a> (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do. what τὰ (ta) Article - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. ought not to be done. καθήκοντα (kathēkonta) Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2520.htm">Strong's 2520: </a> To come down, come to; To be unfit, proper. From kata and heko; to reach to, i.e. becoming. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/romans/1-28.htm">Romans 1:28 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/romans/1-28.htm">NT Letters: Romans 1:28 Even as they refused to have God (Rom. Ro) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/romans/1-27.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Romans 1:27"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Romans 1:27" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/romans/1-29.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Romans 1:29"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Romans 1:29" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>